1
ἔλεγον δὲ καὶ τῶν δορυφόρων τινὲς ὅτι ὡς ἔμελλεν συλλαμβάνεσθαι καὶ αὐτὴ πρὸς θάνατον ἵνα μὴ ψαύσειέν τις τοῦ σώματος αὐτῆς ἑαυτὴν ἔρριψε κατὰ τῆς πυρᾶς
Some of the bodyguards also said that when she herself too was about to be seized for death, she threw herself into the pyre so that no one might touch her body.
The narrator adds a remembered report that heightens the mother’s bodily integrity and voluntary courage.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἔλεγονsayV1I IAI3P · λέγωparticiple supporting the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δορυφόρωνguardsmanN2 GPM · δορυφόροςgenitive element qualifying another termδορυφόρος: term rendered 'guardsman' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τινὲςsomeoneRI NPM · τιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτις: term rendered 'someone' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'that' with its local discourse force.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὡς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'as' with its local discourse force.
ἔμελλενbe about toV1I IAI3S · μέλλωverbal element carrying the clause actionμέλλω: verbal lexeme rendered 'be about to' with its contextual sense in this clause.
συλλαμβάνεσθαιwithV1 PPN · λαμβάνω + συνparticiple supporting the clause action+ συν: verbal lexeme rendered 'with' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
αὐτὴsheRD NSF · αὐτόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateαὐτός: term rendered 'she' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'toward' according to its local construction.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθάνατος: term rendered 'death' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἵνα: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'so that' with its local discourse force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clauseμή: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ψαύσειένtouchVA AAO3S · ψαύωverbal element carrying the clause actionψαύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'touch' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τιςsomeoneRI NSM · τιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτις: term rendered 'someone' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
σώματοςbodyN3M GSN · σῶμαgenitive element qualifying another termσῶμα: term rendered 'body' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'her' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἑαυτὴνhimselfRD ASF · ἑαυτοῦaccusative element functioning as object or complementἑαυτοῦ: term rendered 'himself' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἔρριψεthrowVAI AAI3S · ῥίπτωverbal element carrying the clause actionῥίπτω: verbal lexeme rendered 'throw' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κατὰagainstP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'against' according to its local construction.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πυρᾶςpyreN1A GSF · πυράgenitive element qualifying another termπυρά: term rendered 'pyre' with its contextual sense in this clause.
2
ὦ μήτηρ σὺν ἑπτὰ παισὶν καταλύσασα τὴν τοῦ τυράννου βίαν καὶ ἀκυρώσασα τὰς κακὰς ἐπινοίας αὐτοῦ καὶ δείξασα τὴν τῆς πίστεως γενναιότητα
O mother, who with seven sons brought down the tyrant’s violence, nullified his wicked schemes, and displayed the nobility of faith,
The chapter begins its encomium by crediting her and her sons with breaking the tyrant’s power and exposing faith’s nobility.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complementσύν: preposition rendered 'with' according to its local construction.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
παισὶνchildN3D DPM · παῖςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καταλύσασαbring downVA · ααπνσφ λύω + καταverbal element carrying the clause actionλύω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'bring down' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τυράννουtyrantN2 GSM · τύραννοςgenitive element qualifying another termτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βίανviolenceN1A ASF · βίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementβία: term rendered 'violence' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἀκυρώσασαnullifyVA · ααπνσφ ἀκυρόωverbal element carrying the clause actionἀκυρόω: verbal lexeme rendered 'nullify' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
κακὰςevilA1 APF · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementκακός: term rendered 'evil' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐπινοίαςschemeN1A APF · ἐπίνοιαaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐπίνοια: term rendered 'scheme' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'his' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
δείξασαshowVA · ααπνσφ δεικνύωverbal element carrying the clause actionδεικνύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'show' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πίστεωςfaithN3I GSF · πίστιςgenitive element qualifying another termπίστις: term rendered 'faith' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γενναιότηταnobilityN3T ASF · γενναιότηςaccusative element functioning as object or complementγενναιότης: term rendered 'nobility' with its contextual sense in this clause.
3
καθάπερ γὰρ σὺ στέγη ἐπὶ τοὺς στύλους τῶν παίδων γενναίως ἱδρυμένη ἀκλινὴς ὑπήνεγκας τὸν διὰ τῶν βασάνων σεισμόν
for just as a roof, firmly set upon pillars, you, courageously established upon your children, bore without swerving the earthquake brought by tortures.
She is likened to a roof resting securely on pillars, with the sons themselves as the structure that bore the shock of torture.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καθάπερjust asD · καθάπερadverbial modifier of the clauseκαθάπερ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'just as' with its local discourse force.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnominative element functioning as subject or predicateσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
στέγηroofN1 NSF · στέγηnominative element functioning as subject or predicateστέγη: term rendered 'roof' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
στύλουςpillarN2 APM · στῦλοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementστῦλος: term rendered 'pillar' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
παίδωνchildN3D GPM · παῖςgenitive element qualifying another termπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γενναίωςnoblyD · γενναίωςadverbial modifier of the clauseγενναίως: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'nobly' with its local discourse force.
ἱδρυμένηestablishVM · χμπνσφ ἱδρύωparticiple supporting the clause actionἱδρύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'establish' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀκλινὴςunshakenA3H NSF · ἀκλινήςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀκλινής: term rendered 'unshaken' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπήνεγκαςunderVAI AAI2S · φέρω + ὑποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'under' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
βασάνωνtortureN2 GPF · βάσανοςgenitive element qualifying another termβάσανος: term rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σεισμόνearthquakeN2 ASM · σεισμόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementσεισμός: term rendered 'earthquake' with its contextual sense in this clause.
4
θάρρει τοιγαροῦν ὦ μήτηρ ἱερόψυχε τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς ὑπομονῆς βεβαίαν ἔχουσα πρὸς τὸν θεόν
Therefore take courage, O holy-souled mother, keeping your hope of endurance firm toward God.
The direct address turns from praise to consolation, locating her firmness in eschatological hope.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
θάρρειtake courageV2 PAD2S · θαρσέωverbal element carrying the clause actionθαρσέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'take courage' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοιγαροῦνaccordinglyX · τοιγαροῦνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationτοιγαροῦν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'accordingly' with its local discourse force.
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἱερόψυχεholy-souledA1B VSF · ἱερόψυχοςvocative element used in direct addressἱερόψυχος: term rendered 'holy-souled' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐλπίδαhopeN3D ASF · ἐλπίςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐλπίς: term rendered 'hope' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὑπομονῆςenduranceN1 GSF · ὑπομονήgenitive element qualifying another termὑπομονή: term rendered 'endurance' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βεβαίανfirmA1A ASF · βέβαιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementβέβαιος: term rendered 'firm' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἔχουσαhaveV1 · παπνσφ ἔχωparticiple supporting the clause actionἔχω: verbal lexeme rendered 'have' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'toward' according to its local construction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
5
οὐχ οὕτως σελήνη κατ' οὐρανὸν σὺν ἄστροις σεμνὴ καθέστηκεν ὡς σὺ τοὺς ἰσαστέρους ἑπτὰ παῖδας φωταγωγήσασα πρὸς τὴν εὐσέβειαν ἔντιμος καθέστηκας θεῷ καὶ ἐστήρισαι σὺν αὐτοῖς ἐν οὐρανῷ
The moon standing with the stars in heaven is not so majestic as you are, who gave light to your seven sons, bright as stars, toward piety, and so have stood honored before God and established with them in heaven.
Moon and stars are surpassed by the mother whose sons shine heavenward through piety.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clauseοὕτως: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'thus' with its local discourse force.
σελήνηmoonN1 NSF · σελήνηnominative element functioning as subject or predicateσελήνη: term rendered 'moon' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing its complementκατά: preposition rendered 'against' according to its local construction.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὐρανός: term rendered 'heaven' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complementσύν: preposition rendered 'with' according to its local construction.
ἄστροιςstarN2N DPN · ἄστρονdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansἄστρον: term rendered 'star' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σεμνὴvenerableA1 NSF · σεμνόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateσεμνός: term rendered 'venerable' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καθέστηκενestablishVXI XAI3S · ἵστημι + καταverbal element carrying the clause actionἵστημι + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'establish' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὡς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'as' with its local discourse force.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnominative element functioning as subject or predicateσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἰσαστέρουςstar-likeA1B APM · ἰσαστέροςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἰσαστέρος: term rendered 'star-like' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
παῖδαςchildN3D APM · παῖςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
φωταγωγήσασαgive light toVA · ααπνσφ φωταγωγέωverbal element carrying the clause actionφωταγωγέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'give light to' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'toward' according to its local construction.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐσέβειανpietyN1A ASF · εὐσέβειαaccusative element functioning as object or complementεὐσέβεια: term rendered 'piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἔντιμοςhonoredA1B NSF · ἔντιμοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἔντιμος: term rendered 'honored' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καθέστηκαςestablishVXI XAI2S · ἵστημι + καταverbal element carrying the clause actionἵστημι + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'establish' with its contextual sense in this clause.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἐστήρισαιestablishVM XPI2S · στηρίζωverbal element carrying the clause actionστηρίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'establish' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complementσύν: preposition rendered 'with' according to its local construction.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansαὐτός: term rendered 'to them' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'in' according to its local construction.
οὐρανῷheavenN2 DSM · οὐρανόςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansοὐρανός: term rendered 'heaven' with its contextual sense in this clause.
6
ἦν γὰρ ἡ παιδοποιία σου ἀπὸ Αβρααμ τοῦ πατρός
For your childbearing had its root in Abraham our father.
Her motherhood is traced back to Abraham, integrating her into Israel’s founding line.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
παιδοποιίαchildbearingN1A NSF · παιδοποιίαnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπαιδοποιία: term rendered 'childbearing' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive element qualifying another termσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
ΑβρααμAbrahamN GSM · Ἀβραάμproper-name element in the clauseἈβραάμ: proper name rendered 'Abraham' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατρόςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive element qualifying another termπατήρ: term rendered 'father' with its contextual sense in this clause.
7
εἰ δὲ ἐξὸν ἡμῖν ἦν ὥσπερ ἐπί τινος ζωγραφῆσαι τὴν τῆς εὐσεβείας σου ἱστορίαν οὐκ ἂν ἔφριττον οἱ θεωροῦντες ὁρῶντες μητέρα ἑπτὰ τέκνων δι' εὐσέβειαν ποικίλας βασάνους μέχρι θανάτου ὑπομείνασαν
If it had been possible for us, as on a painting, to depict the story of your piety, would not those who looked at it shudder to see a mother of seven children enduring varied tortures unto death for piety’s sake?
The narrator claims that the scene would make spectators shudder if it could be painted before their eyes.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or particle shaping the clause relationεἰ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'if' with its local discourse force.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ἐξὸνbe possibleV9 · παπνσν εἰμί + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'be possible' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansἐγώ: term rendered 'to us' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier of the clauseὥσπερ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'just as' with its local discourse force.
ἐπίuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
τινοςsomeoneRI GSN · τιςgenitive element qualifying another termτις: term rendered 'someone' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ζωγραφῆσαιpaintVA AAN · ζωγραφέωverbal element carrying the clause actionζωγραφέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'paint' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐσεβείαςpietyN1A GSF · εὐσέβειαgenitive element qualifying another termεὐσέβεια: term rendered 'piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive element qualifying another termσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἱστορίανstoryN1A ASF · ἱστορίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementἱστορία: term rendered 'story' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ἂνwouldX · ἄνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἄν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'would' with its local discourse force.
ἔφριττονshudderV1I IAI3P · φρίττωparticiple supporting the clause actionφρίττω: verbal lexeme rendered 'shudder' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεωροῦντεςwatchV2 · παπνπμ θεωρέωverbal element carrying the clause actionθεωρέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'watch' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁρῶντεςseeV3 · παπνπμ ὁράωverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'see' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μητέραmotherN3 ASF · μήτηρaccusative element functioning as object or complementμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
τέκνωνchildN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive element qualifying another termτέκνον: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
εὐσέβειανpietyN1A ASF · εὐσέβειαaccusative element functioning as object or complementεὐσέβεια: term rendered 'piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ποικίλαςvariedA1 APF · ποικίλοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementποικίλος: term rendered 'varied' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βασάνουςtortureN2 APF · βάσανοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementβάσανος: term rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριpreposition governing its complementμέχρι: preposition rendered 'until' according to its local construction.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive element qualifying another termθάνατος: term rendered 'death' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπομείνασανendureVA · ααπασφ μένω + ὑποverbal element carrying the clause actionμένω + ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'endure' with its contextual sense in this clause.
8
καὶ γὰρ ἄξιον ἦν καὶ ἐπ' αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐπιταφίου ἀναγράψαι καὶ ταῦτα τοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἔθνους εἰς μνείαν λεγόμενα
Indeed it would have been worthy even to inscribe these words upon their tomb as a memorial for those of the nation:
The martyrs deserve inscription not only in narrative but in public memorial language.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
ἄξιονworthyA1A ASM · ἄξιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἄξιος: term rendered 'worthy' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'his' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐπιταφίουtomb monumentN2N GSN · ἐπιτάφιονgenitive element qualifying another termἐπιτάφιον: term rendered 'tomb monument' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀναγράψαιupVA AAN · γράφω + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'up' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὗτος: term rendered 'these things' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complementἀπό: preposition rendered 'from' according to its local construction.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive element qualifying another termἔθνος: term rendered 'nation' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
μνείανmemorialN1A ASF · μνείαaccusative element functioning as object or complementμνεία: term rendered 'memorial' with its contextual sense in this clause.
λεγόμεναsayV1 · πμπαπν λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
9
ἐνταῦθα γέρων ἱερεὺς καὶ γυνὴ γεραιὰ καὶ ἑπτὰ παῖδες ἐγκεκήδευνται διὰ τυράννου βίαν τὴν Εβραίων πολιτείαν καταλῦσαι θέλοντος
‘Here lie buried an aged priest, an aged woman, and seven children, because of a tyrant’s violence when he wished to destroy the polity of the Hebrews.
The epitaph compresses priest, mother, sons, tyrant, and threatened polity into one commemorative statement.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐνταῦθαhereD · ἐνταῦθαadverbial modifier of the clauseἐνταῦθα: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'here' with its local discourse force.
γέρωνold manN3 NSM · γέρωνnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγέρων: term rendered 'old man' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἱερεύς: term rendered 'priest' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγυνή: term rendered 'woman' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γεραιὰagedA1A NSF · γεραιόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγεραιός: term rendered 'aged' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
παῖδεςchildN3D NPM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐγκεκήδευνταιbe buriedVM XPI3P · ἐγκηδεύομαιverbal element carrying the clause actionἐγκηδεύομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'be buried' with its contextual sense in this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τυράννουtyrantN2 GSM · τύραννοςgenitive element qualifying another termτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βίανviolenceN1A ASF · βίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementβία: term rendered 'violence' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΕβραίωνHebrewN2 GPM · Εβραῖοςproper-name genitive qualifierΕβραῖος: proper name rendered 'Hebrew' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
πολιτείανpolityN1A ASF · πολιτείαaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολιτεία: term rendered 'polity' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καταλῦσαιdownVA AAN · λύω + καταverbal element carrying the clause action+ κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'down' with its contextual sense in this clause.
θέλοντοςwishV1 · παπγσμ θέλωverbal element carrying the clause actionθέλω: verbal lexeme rendered 'wish' with its contextual sense in this clause.
10
οἳ καὶ ἐξεδίκησαν τὸ γένος εἰς θεὸν ἀφορῶντες καὶ μέχρι θανάτου τὰς βασάνους ὑπομείναντες
These avenged the nation by fixing their gaze on God and by enduring tortures unto death.’
Their deaths are interpreted as an act of national vindication achieved by steadfast endurance before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οἳwhoRR NPM · ὅςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateὅς: term rendered 'who' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἐξεδίκησανoutVAI AAI3P · δικέω + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'out' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
γένοςraceN3E ASN · γένοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementγένος: term rendered 'race' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀφορῶντεςlook towardV3 · παπνπμ ὁράω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'look toward' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριpreposition governing its complementμέχρι: preposition rendered 'until' according to its local construction.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive element qualifying another termθάνατος: term rendered 'death' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
βασάνουςtortureN2 APF · βάσανοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementβάσανος: term rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπομείναντεςendureVA · ααπνπμ μένω + ὑποverbal element carrying the clause actionμένω + ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'endure' with its contextual sense in this clause.
11
ἀληθῶς γὰρ ἦν ἀγὼν θεῖος ὁ δι' αὐτῶν γεγενημένος
For truly the contest accomplished through them was divine.
The contest is declared divine in character, not merely human suffering.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀληθῶςtrulyD · ἀληθῶςadverbial modifier of the clauseἀληθῶς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'truly' with its local discourse force.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀγὼνcontestN3W NSM · ἀγώνnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀγών: term rendered 'contest' with its contextual sense in this clause.
θεῖοςdivineA1A NSM · θεῖοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateθεῖος: term rendered 'divine' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'their' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γεγενημένοςbecomeVM · χμπνσμ γίγνομαιparticiple supporting the clause actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'become' with its contextual sense in this clause.
12
ἠθλοθέτει γὰρ τότε ἀρετὴ δι' ὑπομονῆς δοκιμάζουσα τὸ νῖκος ἀφθαρσία ἐν ζωῇ πολυχρονίῳ
For then virtue served as contest-judge through endurance, testing the victory whose prize was incorruptibility in everlasting life.
Endurance becomes the testing arena in which incorruptible life is the reward for victory.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἠθλοθέτειserve as contest-judgeV2I IAI3S · ἀθλοθετέωverbal element carrying the clause actionἀθλοθετέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'serve as contest-judge' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier of the clauseτότε: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'then' with its local discourse force.
ἀρετὴvirtueN1 NSF · ἀρετήnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀρετή: term rendered 'virtue' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
ὑπομονῆςenduranceN1 GSF · ὑπομονήgenitive element qualifying another termὑπομονή: term rendered 'endurance' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δοκιμάζουσαtestV1 · παπνσφ δοκιμάζωparticiple supporting the clause actionδοκιμάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'test' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
νῖκοςvictoryN3E ASN · νῖκοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementνῖκος: term rendered 'victory' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀφθαρσίαincorruptibilityN1A NSF · ἀφθαρσίαnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀφθαρσία: term rendered 'incorruptibility' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'in' according to its local construction.
ζωῇlifeN1 DSF · ζωήdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansζωή: term rendered 'life' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πολυχρονίῳlong-lastingA1B DSF · πολυχρόνιοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansπολυχρόνιος: term rendered 'long-lasting' with its contextual sense in this clause.
13
Ελεαζαρ δὲ προηγωνίζετο ἡ δὲ μήτηρ τῶν ἑπτὰ παίδων ἐνήθλει οἱ δὲ ἀδελφοὶ ἠγωνίζοντο
Eleazar went forward as the first contestant, the mother of the seven children entered the games, and the brothers struggled.
Eleazar, the mother, and the brothers are each assigned their place within the sacred contest.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ΕλεαζαρEleazarN NSM · Ελεαζαροςproper-name element in the clauseΕλεαζαρος: proper name rendered 'Eleazar' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
προηγωνίζετοcontend eagerlyV1I IMI3S · ἀγωνίζομαι + προverbal element carrying the clause actionἀγωνίζομαι + προ: verbal lexeme rendered 'contend eagerly' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
παίδωνchildN3D GPM · παῖςgenitive element qualifying another termπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐνήθλειcompeteV2I IAI3S · ἀθλέω + ἐνverbal element carrying the clause actionἀθλέω + ἐν: verbal lexeme rendered 'compete' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ἀδελφοὶbrotherN2 NPM · ἀδελφόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀδελφός: term rendered 'brother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἠγωνίζοντοcontendV1I IMI3P · ἀγωνίζομαιverbal element carrying the clause actionἀγωνίζομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'contend' with its contextual sense in this clause.
14
ὁ τύραννος ἀντηγωνίζετο ὁ δὲ κόσμος καὶ ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος ἐθεώρει
The tyrant opposed them in the contest, while the world and the life of humankind stood watching.
The tyrant plays the adversary while the entire created order watches the struggle unfold.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τύραννοςtyrantN2 NSM · τύραννοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀντηγωνίζετοoppose in contestV1I IMI3S · ἀγωνίζομαι + ἀντιverbal element carrying the clause actionἀγωνίζομαι + ἀντι: verbal lexeme rendered 'oppose in contest' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
κόσμοςworldN2 NSM · κόσμοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateκόσμος: term rendered 'world' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀνθρώπωνhuman beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive element qualifying another termἄνθρωπος: term rendered 'human being' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βίοςlifeN2 NSM · βίοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateβίος: term rendered 'life' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐθεώρειwatchV2I IAI3S · θεωρέωverbal element carrying the clause actionθεωρέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'watch' with its contextual sense in this clause.
15
θεοσέβεια δὲ ἐνίκα τοὺς ἑαυτῆς ἀθλητὰς στεφανοῦσα
And godliness prevailed, crowning its own athletes.
Godliness is personified as the victor who crowns her own athletes.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
θεοσέβειαgodlinessN1A NSF · θεοσεβείαnominative element functioning as subject or predicateθεοσεβεία: term rendered 'godliness' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ἐνίκαconquerV3I IAI3S · νικάωverbal element carrying the clause actionνικάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'conquer' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἑαυτῆςhimselfRD GSF · ἑαυτοῦgenitive element qualifying another termἑαυτοῦ: term rendered 'himself' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀθλητὰςathleteN1M APM · ἀθλητήςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀθλητής: term rendered 'athlete' with its contextual sense in this clause.
στεφανοῦσαcrownV4 · παπνσφ στεφανόωverbal element carrying the clause actionστεφανόω: verbal lexeme rendered 'crown' with its contextual sense in this clause.
16
τίνες οὐκ ἐθαύμασαν τοὺς τῆς θείας νομοθεσίας ἀθλητάς τίνες οὐκ ἐξεπλάγησαν
Who did not marvel at the athletes of the divine legislation? Who was not astonished?
The excellence of the martyrs is framed as something no witness could fail to marvel at.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
τίνεςwho?RI NPM · τίςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτίς: term rendered 'who?' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ἐθαύμασανmarvelVAI AAI3P · θαυμάζωverbal element carrying the clause actionθαυμάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'marvel' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θείαςdivineA1A GSF · θεῖοςgenitive element qualifying another termθεῖος: term rendered 'divine' with its contextual sense in this clause.
νομοθεσίαςlegislationN1A GSF · νομοθεσίαgenitive element qualifying another termνομοθεσία: term rendered 'legislation' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀθλητάςathleteN1M APM · ἀθλητήςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀθλητής: term rendered 'athlete' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τίνεςwho?RI NPM · τίςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτίς: term rendered 'who?' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ἐξεπλάγησανoutVDI API3P · πλήσσω + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'out' with its contextual sense in this clause.
17
αὐτός γέ τοι ὁ τύραννος καὶ ὅλον τὸ συμβούλιον ἐθαύμασαν αὐτῶν τὴν ὑπομονήν
The tyrant himself and his whole council marveled at their endurance,
The tyrant and his council unwillingly confirm the greatness of the sufferers.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
αὐτόςselfRD NSM · αὐτόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateαὐτός: term rendered 'self' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γέindeedX · γέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'indeed' with its local discourse force.
τοιindeedX TOIconnective or particle shaping the clause relationTOI: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'indeed' with its local discourse force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τύραννοςtyrantN2 NSM · τύραννοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ὅλονwholeA1 ASN · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅλος: term rendered 'whole' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
συμβούλιονcouncilN2N ASN · συμβούλιονaccusative element functioning as object or complementσυμβούλιον: term rendered 'council' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐθαύμασανmarvelVAI AAI3P · θαυμάζωverbal element carrying the clause actionθαυμάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'marvel' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'their' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ὑπομονήνenduranceN1 ASF · ὑπομονήaccusative element functioning as object or complementὑπομονή: term rendered 'endurance' with its contextual sense in this clause.
18
δι' ἣν καὶ τῷ θείῳ νῦν παρεστήκασιν θρόνῳ καὶ τὸν μακάριον βιοῦσιν αἰῶνα
because of which they now stand beside the divine throne and live out the blessed age.
Their present status beside the divine throne interprets endurance as entrance into blessed life.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
ἣνwhichRR ASF · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: term rendered 'which' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θείῳdivineA1A DSM · θεῖοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansθεῖος: term rendered 'divine' with its contextual sense in this clause.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial modifier of the clauseνῦν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'now' with its local discourse force.
παρεστήκασινstand besideVXI XAI3P · ἵστημι + παραverbal element carrying the clause actionἵστημι + παρα: verbal lexeme rendered 'stand beside' with its contextual sense in this clause.
θρόνῳthroneN2 DSM · θρόνοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansθρόνος: term rendered 'throne' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μακάριονblessedA1A ASM · μακάριοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementμακάριος: term rendered 'blessed' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βιοῦσινliveV4 PAI3P · βιόωverbal element carrying the clause actionβιόω: verbal lexeme rendered 'live' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αἰῶναageN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object or complementαἰών: term rendered 'age' with its contextual sense in this clause.
19
καὶ γάρ φησιν ὁ Μωυσῆς καὶ πάντες οἱ ἡγιασμένοι ὑπὸ τὰς χεῖράς σου
For Moses says, ‘And all the sanctified ones are under your hands.’
The theological reading is grounded in Moses’ language about the sanctified ones in God’s care.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γάρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
φησινsayV6 PAI3S · φημίverbal element carrying the clause actionφημί: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΜωυσῆςMosesN1M NSM · Μωυσῆςproper-name subject or predicate elementΜωυσῆς: proper name rendered 'Moses' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπᾶς: term rendered 'all' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἡγιασμένοιsanctifyVT · χμπνπμ ἁγιάζωverbal element carrying the clause action→ verbal form carrying the discourse forwardἁγιάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'sanctify' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complementὑπό: preposition rendered 'under' according to its local construction.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
χεῖράςhandN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or complementχείρ: term rendered 'hand' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgenitive element qualifying another termσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
20
καὶ οὗτοι οὖν ἁγιασθέντες διὰ θεὸν τετίμηνται οὐ μόνον ταύτῃ τῇ τιμῇ ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ δι' αὐτοὺς τὸ ἔθνος ἡμῶν τοὺς πολεμίους μὴ ἐπικρατῆσαι
Therefore these also, having been sanctified through God, have been honored not only with this honor,
The verse extends that scriptural category directly to the seven brothers and their mother.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
οὗτοιthisRD NPM · οὗτοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateοὗτος: term rendered 'this' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὖν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'therefore' with its local discourse force.
ἁγιασθέντεςsanctifyVS · αππνπμ ἁγιάζωparticiple supporting the clause actionἁγιάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'sanctify' with its contextual sense in this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τετίμηνταιhonorVM XPI3P · τιμάωverbal element carrying the clause actionτιμάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'honor' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverbial modifier of the clauseμόνον: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'only' with its local discourse force.
ταύτῃthisRD DSF · οὗτοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansοὗτος: term rendered 'this' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τιμῇhonorN1 DSF · τιμήdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansτιμή: term rendered 'honor' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἀλλά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: term rendered 'them' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἔθνος: term rendered 'nation' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element qualifying another termἐγώ: term rendered 'our' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πολεμίουςenemyA1A APM · πολέμιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολέμιος: term rendered 'enemy' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clauseμή: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ἐπικρατῆσαιuponVA AAN · κρατέω + ἐπιverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'upon' with its contextual sense in this clause.
21
καὶ τὸν τύραννον τιμωρηθῆναι καὶ τὴν πατρίδα καθαρισθῆναι ὥσπερ ἀντίψυχον γεγονότας τῆς τοῦ ἔθνους ἁμαρτίας
but also because through them our nation did not allow the enemies to prevail, the tyrant was punished, and the fatherland was cleansed, since they became a ransom for the sin of the nation.
Their martyrdom is described as ransom, cleansing, and protection for the whole people.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τύραννονtyrantN2 ASM · τύραννοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τιμωρηθῆναιpunishVC APN · τιμωρέωverbal element carrying the clause actionτιμωρέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'punish' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατρίδαfatherlandN3D ASF · πατρίςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπατρίς: term rendered 'fatherland' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καθαρισθῆναιcleanseVS APN · καθαρίζωverbal element carrying the clause actionκαθαρίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'cleanse' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier of the clauseὥσπερ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'just as' with its local discourse force.
ἀντίψυχονransomA1B NSN · ἀντίψυχοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀντίψυχος: term rendered 'ransom' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γεγονόταςbecomeVX · χαπαπμ γίγνομαιverbal element carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'become' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive element qualifying another termἔθνος: term rendered 'nation' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἁμαρτίαςsinN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive element qualifying another termἁμαρτία: term rendered 'sin' with its contextual sense in this clause.
22
καὶ διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τῶν εὐσεβῶν ἐκείνων καὶ τοῦ ἱλαστηρίου τοῦ θανάτου αὐτῶν ἡ θεία πρόνοια τὸν Ισραηλ προκακωθέντα διέσωσεν
And through the blood of those devout ones and through the propitiatory power of their death, divine providence preserved Israel, though it had been cruelly afflicted before.
Their blood and death are presented as the means through which providence preserved afflicted Israel.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
αἵματοςbloodN3M GSN · αἷμαgenitive element qualifying another termαἷμα: term rendered 'blood' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐσεβῶνpiousA3H GPM · εὐσεβήςgenitive element qualifying another termεὐσεβής: term rendered 'pious' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐκείνωνthatRD GPM · ἐκεῖνοςgenitive element qualifying another termἐκεῖνος: term rendered 'that' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἱλαστηρίουatoning meansN2 GSN · ἱλαστήριονgenitive element qualifying another termἱλαστήριον: term rendered 'atoning means' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive element qualifying another termθάνατος: term rendered 'death' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'their' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θείαdivineA1A NSF · θεῖοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateθεῖος: term rendered 'divine' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πρόνοιαprovidenceN1A NSF · πρόνοιαnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπρόνοια: term rendered 'providence' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper-name element in the clauseἸσραήλ: proper name rendered 'Israel' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
προκακωθένταmistreat beforehandVC · αππασμ κακόω + προverbal element carrying the clause actionκακόω + προ: verbal lexeme rendered 'mistreat beforehand' with its contextual sense in this clause.
διέσωσενthroughVAI AAI3S · σώζω + διαverbal element carrying the clause action+ δια: verbal lexeme rendered 'through' with its contextual sense in this clause.
23
πρὸς γὰρ τὴν ἀνδρείαν αὐτῶν τῆς ἀρετῆς καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ ταῖς βασάνοις αὐτῶν ὑπομονὴν ὁ τύραννος ἀπιδὼν ἀνεκήρυξεν ὁ Ἀντίοχος τοῖς στρατιώταις αὐτοῦ εἰς ὑπόδειγμα τὴν ἐκείνων ὑπομονὴν
For when Antiochus the tyrant looked upon their manly excellence in virtue and their endurance under tortures, he proclaimed their endurance to his soldiers as an example.
Antiochus himself becomes a witness who advertises their endurance to his troops.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'toward' according to its local construction.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀνδρείανcourageousA1A ASF · ἀνδρεῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀνδρεῖος: term rendered 'courageous' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'their' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀρετῆςvirtueN1 GSF · ἀρετήgenitive element qualifying another termἀρετή: term rendered 'virtue' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
βασάνοιςtortureN2 DPF · βάσανοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansβάσανος: term rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'their' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπομονὴνenduranceN1 ASF · ὑπομονήaccusative element functioning as object or complementὑπομονή: term rendered 'endurance' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τύραννοςtyrantN2 NSM · τύραννοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπιδὼνlook towardVB · ααπνσμ ὁράω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'look toward' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀνεκήρυξενupVAI AAI3S · κηρύσσω + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'up' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἈντίοχοςAntiochusN NSM · Ἀντίοχοςproper-name element in the clauseἈντίοχος: proper name rendered 'Antiochus' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
στρατιώταιςsoldierN1M DPM · στρατιώτηςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansστρατιώτης: term rendered 'soldier' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'his' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
ὑπόδειγμαexampleN3M ASN · ὑπόδειγμαaccusative element functioning as object or complementὑπόδειγμα: term rendered 'example' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐκείνωνthatRD GPM · ἐκεῖνοςgenitive element qualifying another termἐκεῖνος: term rendered 'that' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπομονὴνenduranceN1 ASF · ὑπομονήaccusative element functioning as object or complementὑπομονή: term rendered 'endurance' with its contextual sense in this clause.
24
ἔσχεν τε αὐτοὺς γενναίους καὶ ἀνδρείους εἰς πεζομαχίαν καὶ πολιορκίαν καὶ ἐκπορθήσας ἐνίκησεν πάντας τοὺς πολεμίους
And so they proved noble and courageous in infantry battle and siege, and after storming the enemy he conquered them all.
The closing line claims that their model produced courage with tangible military consequences.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἔσχενhaveVBI AAI3S · ἔχωverbal element carrying the clause actionἔχω: verbal lexeme rendered 'have' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τεandX TEconnective or particle shaping the clause relationTE: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: term rendered 'them' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γενναίουςnobleA1A APM · γενναῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementγενναῖος: term rendered 'noble' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἀνδρείουςcourageousA1A APM · ἀνδρεῖοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀνδρεῖος: term rendered 'courageous' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
πεζομαχίανinfantry battleN1A ASF · πεζομαχίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementπεζομαχία: term rendered 'infantry battle' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
πολιορκίανsiegeN1A ASF · πολιορκίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολιορκία: term rendered 'siege' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἐκπορθήσαςplunder utterlyVA · ααπνσμ πορθέω + ἐκparticiple supporting the clause actionπορθέω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'plunder utterly' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐνίκησενconquerVAI AAI3S · νικάωverbal element carrying the clause actionνικάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'conquer' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπᾶς: term rendered 'all' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πολεμίουςenemyA1A APM · πολέμιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολέμιος: term rendered 'enemy' with its contextual sense in this clause.