1
εἰ δὲ τοίνυν καὶ γυνὴ καὶ γεραιὰ καὶ ἑπτὰ παίδων μήτηρ ὑπέμεινεν τὰς μέχρι θανάτου βασάνους τῶν τέκνων ὁρῶσα ὁμολογουμένως αὐτοκράτωρ ἐστὶν τῶν παθῶν ὁ εὐσεβὴς λογισμός
If, then, even a woman, aged and the mother of seven children, endured while watching the death-bound tortures of her children, it is plain that devout reason is sovereign over the passions.
The narrator draws the argument to a pointed conclusion: the mother’s endurance proves that pious reason can govern even the strongest natural affections.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
εἰifC · εἰconnective or particle shaping the clause relationεἰ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'if' with its local discourse force.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
τοίνυνthereforeX · τοίνυνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationτοίνυν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'therefore' with its local discourse force.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγυνή: term rendered 'woman' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γεραιὰagedA1A NSF · γεραιόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγεραιός: term rendered 'aged' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
παίδωνchildN3D GPM · παῖςgenitive element qualifying another termπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπέμεινενunderVAI AAI3S · μένω + ὑποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'under' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μέχριuntilP · μέχριpreposition governing its complementμέχρι: preposition rendered 'until' according to its local construction.
θανάτουdeathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive element qualifying another termθάνατος: term rendered 'death' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βασάνουςtortureN2 APF · βάσανοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementβάσανος: term rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τέκνωνchildN2N GPN · τέκνονgenitive element qualifying another termτέκνον: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁρῶσαseeV3 · παπνσφ ὁράωverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'see' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁμολογουμένωςadmittedlyD · ὁμολογουμένωςadverbial modifier of the clauseὁμολογουμένως: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'admittedly' with its local discourse force.
αὐτοκράτωρsovereignN3R NSM · αὐτοκράτωρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateαὐτοκράτωρ: term rendered 'sovereign' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐστὶνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
παθῶνpassionN3E GPN · πάθοςgenitive element qualifying another termπάθος: term rendered 'passion' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐσεβὴςpiousA3H NSM · εὐσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateεὐσεβής: term rendered 'pious' with its contextual sense in this clause.
λογισμόςreasonN2 NSM · λογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateλογισμός: term rendered 'reason' with its contextual sense in this clause.
2
ἀπέδειξα οὖν ὅτι οὐ μόνον ἄνδρες τῶν παθῶν ἐκράτησαν ἀλλὰ καὶ γυνὴ τῶν μεγίστων βασάνων ὑπερεφρόνησεν
So I have shown that not only men mastered the passions, but that a woman also rose above the greatest torments.
The claim is summarized in aphoristic form before the narration turns to the mother’s internal trial.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἀπέδειξαawayVAI AAI1S · δεικνύω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'away' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὖν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'therefore' with its local discourse force.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'that' with its local discourse force.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverbial modifier of the clauseμόνον: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'only' with its local discourse force.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀνήρ: term rendered 'man' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
παθῶνpassionN3E GPN · πάθοςgenitive element qualifying another termπάθος: term rendered 'passion' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐκράτησανmasterVAI AAI3P · κρατέωverbal element carrying the clause actionκρατέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'master' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἀλλά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγυνή: term rendered 'woman' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μεγίστωνgreatA1 GPFS · μέγαςgenitive element qualifying another termμέγας: term rendered 'great' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βασάνωνtortureN2 GPF · βάσανοςgenitive element qualifying another termβάσανος: term rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπερεφρόνησενoverVAI AAI3S · φρονέω + ὑπερverbal element carrying the clause action+ ὑπερ: verbal lexeme rendered 'over' with its contextual sense in this clause.
3
καὶ οὐχ οὕτως οἱ περὶ Δανιηλ λέοντες ἦσαν ἄγριοι οὐδὲ ἡ Μισαηλ ἐκφλεγομένη κάμινος λαβροτάτῳ πυρί ὡς ἡ τῆς φιλοτεκνίας περιέκαιεν ἐκείνην φύσις ὁρῶσαν αὐτῆς οὕτως ποικίλως βασανιζομένους τοὺς ἑπτὰ υἱούς
And the lions surrounding Daniel were not so savage, nor the furnace blazing around Mishael with fiercest fire, as the inborn love of children burned around that woman when she saw her seven sons tortured in so many ways.
Daniel’s lions and the fiery furnace are invoked only to show that maternal grief was an even fiercer test.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clauseοὕτως: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'thus' with its local discourse force.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing its complementπερί: preposition rendered 'concerning' according to its local construction.
ΔανιηλDanielN GSM · Δανιηλproper-name element in the clauseΔανιηλ: proper name rendered 'Daniel' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
λέοντεςlionN3 NPM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject or predicateλέων: term rendered 'lion' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἦσανbeV9 IAI3P · εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἄγριοιwildA1A NPM · ἄγριοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἄγριος: term rendered 'wild' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὐδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'nor' with its local discourse force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΜισαηλMishaelN GSM · Μισαηλproper-name element in the clauseΜισαηλ: proper name rendered 'Mishael' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ἐκφλεγομένηblazeV1 · πμπνσφ φλέγω + ἐκparticiple supporting the clause actionφλέγω + ἐκ: verbal lexeme rendered 'blaze' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κάμινοςfurnaceN2 NSM · κάμινοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateκάμινος: term rendered 'furnace' with its contextual sense in this clause.
λαβροτάτῳviolentA1B DSNS · λάβροςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansλάβρος: term rendered 'violent' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πυρίfireN3 DSN · πῦρdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansπῦρ: term rendered 'fire' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὡς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'as' with its local discourse force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
φιλοτεκνίαςlove of childrenN1A GSF · φιλοτεκνίαgenitive element qualifying another termφιλοτεκνία: term rendered 'love of children' with its contextual sense in this clause.
περιέκαιενaroundV1I IAI3S · καίω + περιverbal element carrying the clause action+ περι: verbal lexeme rendered 'around' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐκείνηνthat womanRD ASF · ἐκεῖνοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐκεῖνος: term rendered 'that woman' with its contextual sense in this clause.
φύσιςnatureN3I NSF · φύσιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateφύσις: term rendered 'nature' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁρῶσανseeV3 · παπασφ ὁράωverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'see' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'her' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clauseοὕτως: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'thus' with its local discourse force.
ποικίλωςvariouslyD · ποικίλωςadverbial modifier of the clauseποικίλως: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'variously' with its local discourse force.
βασανιζομένουςtortureV1 · πππαπμ βασανίζωverbal element carrying the clause actionβασανίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
υἱούςsonN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementυἱός: term rendered 'son' with its contextual sense in this clause.
4
ἀλλὰ τῷ λογισμῷ τῆς εὐσεβείας κατέσβεσεν τὰ τοσαῦτα καὶ τηλικαῦτα πάθη ἡ μήτηρ
Yet with the reasoning of piety the mother quenched passions so many and so great.
The verse states the chapter’s thesis in compressed form: pious reasoning extinguished overwhelming passion.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἀλλά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
λογισμῷreasonN2 DSM · λογισμόςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansλογισμός: term rendered 'reason' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐσεβείαςpietyN1A GSF · εὐσέβειαgenitive element qualifying another termεὐσέβεια: term rendered 'piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κατέσβεσενdownVAI AAI3S · σβέννυμι + καταverbal element carrying the clause action+ κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'down' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τοσαῦταso manyRD APN · τοσοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτοσοῦτος: term rendered 'so many' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τηλικαῦταso greatRD APN · τηλικοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτηλικοῦτος: term rendered 'so great' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πάθηpassionN3E APN · πάθοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπάθος: term rendered 'passion' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
5
καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο ἐπιλογίσασθε ὅτι δειλόψυχος εἰ ἦν ἡ γυνὴ καίπερ μήτηρ οὖσα ὠλοφύρετο ἂν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς καὶ ἴσως ἂν ταῦτα εἶπεν
For consider this as well: if the woman had been fainthearted, though she was their mother, she would have lamented over them and perhaps would have spoken like this:
The narrator asks the audience to imagine what an ordinary, fearful mother would have said.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὗτος: term rendered 'this' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐπιλογίσασθεconsiderVA AMD2P · λογίζομαι + ἐπιverbal element carrying the clause actionλογίζομαι + ἐπι: verbal lexeme rendered 'consider' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'that' with its local discourse force.
δειλόψυχοςfaintheartedA1B NSF · δειλόψυχοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateδειλόψυχος: term rendered 'fainthearted' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰifC · εἰconnective or particle shaping the clause relationεἰ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'if' with its local discourse force.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγυνή: term rendered 'woman' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καίπερalthoughC · καίπερconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαίπερ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'although' with its local discourse force.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὖσαbeV9 · παπνσφ εἰμίverbal element carrying the clause actionεἰμί: verbal lexeme rendered 'be' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὠλοφύρετοlamentV1I IMI3S · ὀλοφύρομαιverbal element carrying the clause actionὀλοφύρομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'lament' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἂνwouldX · ἄνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἄν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'would' with its local discourse force.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansαὐτός: term rendered 'to them' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἴσωςperhapsD · ἴσωςadverbial modifier of the clauseἴσως: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'perhaps' with its local discourse force.
ἂνwouldX · ἄνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἄν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'would' with its local discourse force.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὗτος: term rendered 'these things' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal element carrying the clause actionεἶπον: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
6
ὦ μελέα ἔγωγε καὶ πολλάκις τρισαθλία ἥτις ἑπτὰ παῖδας τεκοῦσα οὐδενὸς μήτηρ γεγένημαι
‘Alas for me, thrice-wretched that I am, who bore seven sons and have become mother of none.
The imagined speech begins with self-pity and the sense of having lost all her children.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
μελέαwretchedA1A NSF · μέλεοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμέλεος: term rendered 'wretched' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἔγωγεI indeedRP+XNS · ἐγώmodifier or complement within the clauseἐγώ: term rendered 'I indeed' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
πολλάκιςoftenD · πολλάκιςadverbial modifier of the clauseπολλάκις: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'often' with its local discourse force.
τρισαθλίαthrice-wretchedA1A NSF · τρισάθλιοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτρισάθλιος: term rendered 'thrice-wretched' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἥτιςwhoRX NSF · ὅστιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateὅστις: term rendered 'who' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
παῖδαςchildN3D APM · παῖςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τεκοῦσαbearVB · ααπνσφ τίκτωverbal element carrying the clause actionτίκτω: verbal lexeme rendered 'bear' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐδενὸςno oneA3 GSM · οὐδείςgenitive element qualifying another termοὐδείς: term rendered 'no one' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γεγένημαιbecomeVM XMI1S · γίγνομαιverbal element carrying the clause actionγίγνομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'become' with its contextual sense in this clause.
7
ὦ μάταιοι ἑπτὰ κυοφορίαι καὶ ἀνόνητοι ἑπτὰ δεκάμηνοι καὶ ἄκαρποι τιθηνίαι καὶ ταλαίπωροι γαλακτοτροφίαι
O vain seven pregnancies, useless seven ten-month terms, fruitless nursings, and wretched sucklings.
Pregnancy, gestation, and nursing are pictured as wasted labor in the hypothetical speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
μάταιοιvainA1B NPF · μάταιοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμάταιος: term rendered 'vain' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
κυοφορίαιpregnancyN1A NPF · κυοφορίαnominative element functioning as subject or predicateκυοφορία: term rendered 'pregnancy' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἀνόνητοιuselessA1B NPM · ἀνόνητοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀνόνητος: term rendered 'useless' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἑπτά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'seven' with its local discourse force.
δεκάμηνοιten-monthN2 NPM · δεκάμηνοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateδεκάμηνος: term rendered 'ten-month' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἄκαρποιfruitlessA1B NPF · ἄκαρποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἄκαρπος: term rendered 'fruitless' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τιθηνίαιnursingN1A NPF · τιθηνίαnominative element functioning as subject or predicateτιθηνία: term rendered 'nursing' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ταλαίπωροιwretchedA1B NPF · ταλαίπωροςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateταλαίπωρος: term rendered 'wretched' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γαλακτοτροφίαιmilk-feedingN1A NPF · γαλακτοτροφίαnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγαλακτοτροφία: term rendered 'milk-feeding' with its contextual sense in this clause.
8
μάτην δὲ ἐφ' ὑμῖν ὦ παῖδες πολλὰς ὑπέμεινα ὠδῖνας καὶ χαλεπωτέρας φροντίδας ἀνατροφῆς
In vain, O children, I endured many birth-pangs for you and the harder cares of your upbringing.
The imagined mother measures the sons’ deaths against the toil of birth and nurture.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
μάτηνin vainD · μάτηνadverbial modifier of the clauseμάτην: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'in vain' with its local discourse force.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansσύ: term rendered 'to you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
παῖδεςchildN3D VPM · παῖςvocative element used in direct addressπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πολλὰςmanyA1 APF · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπολύς: term rendered 'many' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπέμειναunderVAI AAI1S · μένω + ὑποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'under' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὠδῖναςbirth-pangN3 APF · ὠδίνaccusative element functioning as object or complementὠδίν: term rendered 'birth-pang' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
χαλεπωτέραςhardA1 APFC · χαλεπόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementχαλεπός: term rendered 'hard' with its contextual sense in this clause.
φροντίδαςcareN3D APF · φροντίςaccusative element functioning as object or complementφροντίς: term rendered 'care' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀνατροφῆςupbringingN1 GSF · ἀνατροφήgenitive element qualifying another termἀνατροφή: term rendered 'upbringing' with its contextual sense in this clause.
9
ὦ τῶν ἐμῶν παίδων οἱ μὲν ἄγαμοι οἱ δὲ γήμαντες ἀνόνητοι οὐκ ὄψομαι ὑμῶν τέκνα οὐδὲ μάμμη κληθεῖσα μακαρισθήσομαι
O my children, some unmarried and some married, I shall not see your children, nor when I am called grandmother shall I count myself blessed.
The sorrow extends beyond the sons themselves to the grandchildren she will never see.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐμῶνmyA1 GPM · ἐμόςgenitive element qualifying another termἐμός: term rendered 'my' with its contextual sense in this clause.
παίδωνchildN3D GPM · παῖςgenitive element qualifying another termπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μὲνon the one handX · μένconnective or particle shaping the clause relationμέν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' with its local discourse force.
ἄγαμοιunmarriedA1B NPM · ἄγαμοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἄγαμος: term rendered 'unmarried' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
γήμαντεςmarryVA · ααπνπμ γαμέωverbal element carrying the clause actionγαμέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'marry' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀνόνητοιuselessA1B NPM · ἀνόνητοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀνόνητος: term rendered 'useless' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ὄψομαιseeVF FMI1S · ὁράωverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'see' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύgenitive element qualifying another termσύ: term rendered 'your' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τέκναchildN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative element functioning as object or complementτέκνον: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὐδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'nor' with its local discourse force.
μάμμηgrandmotherN1 NSF · μάμμηnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμάμμη: term rendered 'grandmother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κληθεῖσαcallVC · αππνσφ καλέωverbal element carrying the clause actionκαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'call' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μακαρισθήσομαιcall blessedVS FPI1S · μακαρίζωverbal element carrying the clause actionμακαρίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'call blessed' with its contextual sense in this clause.
10
ὦ ἡ πολύπαις καὶ καλλίπαις ἐγὼ γυνὴ χήρα καὶ μόνη πολύθρηνος
O I, a woman rich in children and blessed with fair children, now widowed, alone, and full of lamentation.
The hypothetical speech climaxes in the image of a mother left alone and bereaved.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πολύπαιςhaving many childrenN3 NSF · πολύπαιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπολύπαις: term rendered 'having many children' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
καλλίπαιςfair in childrenN3 NSF · καλλίπαιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateκαλλίπαις: term rendered 'fair in children' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἐγώ: term rendered 'I' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγυνή: term rendered 'woman' with its contextual sense in this clause.
χήραwidowN1A NSF · χήραnominative element functioning as subject or predicateχήρα: term rendered 'widow' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
μόνηaloneA1 NSF · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμόνος: term rendered 'alone' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πολύθρηνοςmuch-lamentingA1B NSF · πολύθρηνοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπολύθρηνος: term rendered 'much-lamenting' with its contextual sense in this clause.
11
οὐδ' ἂν ἀποθάνω θάπτοντα τῶν υἱῶν ἕξω τινά
Not even when I die shall I have any one of my sons to bury me.’
Even burial becomes part of the imagined sorrow: no son will survive to bury her.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
οὐδ'not evenC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὐδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not even' with its local discourse force.
ἂνwouldX · ἄνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἄν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'would' with its local discourse force.
ἀποθάνωawayVB AAS1S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'away' with its contextual sense in this clause.
θάπτονταburyV1 · παπασμ θάπτωverbal element carrying the clause actionθάπτω: verbal lexeme rendered 'bury' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element qualifying another termυἱός: term rendered 'son' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἕξωhaveVF FAI1S · ἔχωverbal element carrying the clause actionἔχω: verbal lexeme rendered 'have' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τινάsomeoneRI ASM · τιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτις: term rendered 'someone' with its contextual sense in this clause.
12
ἀλλὰ τούτῳ τῷ θρήνῳ οὐδένα ὠλοφύρετο ἡ ἱερὰ καὶ θεοσεβὴς μήτηρ οὐδ' ἵνα μὴ ἀποθάνωσιν ἀπέτρεπεν αὐτῶν τινα οὐδ' ὡς ἀποθνῃσκόντων ἐλυπήθη
But with such a lament the holy and God-fearing mother did not bewail any of them; nor did she turn any one of them aside so that they should not die, nor did she grieve for them as they were dying.
The narrator sharply contrasts the imagined complaint with the mother’s real conduct, which was free from mourning and retreat.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἀλλά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
τούτῳthisRD DSM · οὗτοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansοὗτος: term rendered 'this' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θρήνῳlamentN2 DSM · θρῆνοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansθρῆνος: term rendered 'lament' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐδέναno oneA3 ASM · οὐδείςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὐδείς: term rendered 'no one' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὠλοφύρετοlamentV1I IMI3S · ὀλοφύρομαιverbal element carrying the clause actionὀλοφύρομαι: verbal lexeme rendered 'lament' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἱερὰholyA1A NSF · ἱερόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἱερός: term rendered 'holy' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
θεοσεβὴςGod-fearingA3H NSF · θεοσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateθεοσεβής: term rendered 'God-fearing' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐδ'not evenC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὐδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not even' with its local discourse force.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἵνα: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'so that' with its local discourse force.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clauseμή: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ἀποθάνωσινawayVB AAS3P · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'away' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπέτρεπενawayV1I IAI3S · τρέπω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'away' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive element qualifying another termαὐτός: term rendered 'their' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τιναsomeoneRI ASM · τιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτις: term rendered 'someone' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐδ'not evenC · οὐδέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὐδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not even' with its local discourse force.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὡς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'as' with its local discourse force.
ἀποθνῃσκόντωνdieV1 · παπγπμ θνήσκω + ἀποparticiple supporting the clause actionθνήσκω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'die' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐλυπήθηgrieveVCI API3S · λυπέωverbal element carrying the clause actionλυπέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'grieve' with its contextual sense in this clause.
13
ἀλλ' ὥσπερ ἀδαμάντινον ἔχουσα τὸν νοῦν καὶ εἰς ἀθανασίαν ἀνατίκτουσα τὸν τῶν υἱῶν ἀριθμὸν μᾶλλον ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐσεβείας ἐπὶ τὸν θάνατον αὐτοὺς προετρέπετο ἱκετεύουσα
Instead, with a mind like adamant and by begetting anew the number of her sons into immortality, she rather urged them toward death for piety’s sake, imploring them.
Her mind is described as re-birthing the sons into immortality, turning maternal labor into martyrial victory.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἀλλά: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier of the clauseὥσπερ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'just as' with its local discourse force.
ἀδαμάντινονadamantineA1 ASM · ἀδαμάντινοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀδαμάντινος: term rendered 'adamantine' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἔχουσαhaveV1 · παπνσφ ἔχωparticiple supporting the clause actionἔχω: verbal lexeme rendered 'have' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
νοῦνmindN3 ASM · νοῦςaccusative element functioning as object or complementνοῦς: term rendered 'mind' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
ἀθανασίανimmortalityN1A ASF · ἀθανασίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀθανασία: term rendered 'immortality' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀνατίκτουσαbeget anewV1 · παπνσφ τίκτω + ἀναparticiple supporting the clause actionτίκτω + ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'beget anew' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element qualifying another termυἱός: term rendered 'son' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀριθμὸνnumberN2 ASM · ἀριθμόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀριθμός: term rendered 'number' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μᾶλλονratherD · μᾶλλονadverbial modifier of the clauseμᾶλλον: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'rather' with its local discourse force.
ὑπὲρfor the sake ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: preposition rendered 'for the sake of' according to its local construction.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐσεβείαςpietyN1A GSF · εὐσέβειαgenitive element qualifying another termεὐσέβεια: term rendered 'piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθάνατος: term rendered 'death' with its contextual sense in this clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: term rendered 'them' with its contextual sense in this clause.
προετρέπετοbeforeV1I IMI3S · τρέπω + προverbal element carrying the clause action+ προ: verbal lexeme rendered 'before' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἱκετεύουσαimploreV1 · παπνσφ ἱκετεύωparticiple supporting the clause actionἱκετεύω: verbal lexeme rendered 'implore' with its contextual sense in this clause.
14
ὦ μῆτερ δι' εὐσέβειαν θεοῦ στρατιῶτι πρεσβῦτι καὶ γύναι διὰ καρτερίαν καὶ τύραννον ἐνίκησας καὶ ἔργοις δυνατωτέρα καὶ λόγοις εὑρέθης ἀνδρός
O mother, soldier for the piety of God, aged woman and yet more steadfast than a man through endurance, you conquered even a tyrant and were found stronger than a man in deeds and in words.
The narrator directly praises her as a victor over the tyrant and as stronger than male courage itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
μῆτερmotherN3 VSF · μήτηρvocative element used in direct addressμήτηρ: term rendered 'mother' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
εὐσέβειανpietyN1A ASF · εὐσέβειαaccusative element functioning as object or complementεὐσέβεια: term rendered 'piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying another termθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
στρατιῶτιfemale soldierN3I VSF · στρατιώτιςvocative element used in direct addressστρατιώτις: term rendered 'female soldier' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πρεσβῦτιold womanN3I VSF · πρεσβῦτιςvocative element used in direct addressπρεσβῦτις: term rendered 'old woman' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γύναιwomanN3 VSF · γυνήvocative element used in direct addressγυνή: term rendered 'woman' with its contextual sense in this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
καρτερίανenduranceN1A ASF · καρτερίαaccusative element functioning as object or complementκαρτερία: term rendered 'endurance' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τύραννονtyrantN2 ASM · τύραννοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementτύραννος: term rendered 'tyrant' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐνίκησαςconquerVAI AAI2S · νικάωparticiple supporting the clause actionνικάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'conquer' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἔργοιςdeedN2N DPN · ἔργονdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansἔργον: term rendered 'deed' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δυνατωτέραpowerfulA1 APNC · δυνατόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementδυνατός: term rendered 'powerful' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansλόγος: term rendered 'word' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εὑρέθηςfindVC API2S · εὑρίσκωverbal element carrying the clause actionεὑρίσκω: verbal lexeme rendered 'find' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive element qualifying another termἀνήρ: term rendered 'man' with its contextual sense in this clause.
15
καὶ γὰρ ὅτε συνελήμφθης μετὰ τῶν παίδων εἱστήκεις τὸν Ελεαζαρον ὁρῶσα βασανιζόμενον καὶ ἔλεγες τοῖς παισὶν ἐν τῇ Εβραί̈δι φωνῇ
For when you were seized together with your children, you stood watching Eleazar under torture and said to the boys in the Hebrew tongue:
The scene narrows to the decisive moment when she spoke to her sons while Eleazar was under torture.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial modifier of the clauseὅτε: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'when' with its local discourse force.
συνελήμφθηςwithVVI API2S · λαμβάνω + συνverbal element carrying the clause action+ συν: verbal lexeme rendered 'with' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complementμετά: preposition rendered 'with' according to its local construction.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
παίδωνchildN3D GPM · παῖςgenitive element qualifying another termπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἱστήκειςstandVXI YAI2S · ἵστημιverbal element carrying the clause actionἵστημι: verbal lexeme rendered 'stand' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ΕλεαζαρονEleazarN2 ASM · Ελεαζαροςproper-name object or complement elementΕλεαζαρος: proper name rendered 'Eleazar' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ὁρῶσαseeV3 · παπνσφ ὁράωverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'see' with its contextual sense in this clause.
βασανιζόμενονtortureV1 · πππασμ βασανίζωparticiple supporting the clause actionβασανίζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ἔλεγεςsayV1I IAI2S · λέγωverbal element carrying the clause actionλέγω: verbal lexeme rendered 'say' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
παισὶνchildN3D DPM · παῖςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complementἐν: preposition rendered 'in' according to its local construction.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
Εβραί̈διHebrewA3 DSF · Εβραί̈ςproper-name dative elementΕβραί̈ς: proper name rendered 'Hebrew' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansφωνή: term rendered 'voice' with its contextual sense in this clause.
16
ὦ παῖδες γενναῖος ὁ ἀγών ἐφ' ὃν κληθέντες ὑπὲρ τῆς διαμαρτυρίας τοῦ ἔθνους ἐναγωνίσασθε προθύμως ὑπὲρ τοῦ πατρῴου νόμου
‘O sons, noble is the contest to which, having been called for the witness of our nation, you must strive eagerly for the ancestral law.
Her exhortation frames the brothers’ suffering as an honorable athletic struggle for the nation and the law.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὦOI · ὦinterjection marking direct addressὦ: interjection rendered 'O', marking emotional direct address.
παῖδεςchildN3D VPM · παῖςvocative element used in direct addressπαῖς: term rendered 'child' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γενναῖοςnobleA1A NSM · γενναῖοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateγενναῖος: term rendered 'noble' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἀγώνcontestN3W NSM · ἀγώνnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀγών: term rendered 'contest' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: term rendered 'whom' with its contextual sense in this clause.
κληθέντεςcallVC · αππνπμ καλέωparticiple supporting the clause actionκαλέω: verbal lexeme rendered 'call' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπὲρfor the sake ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: preposition rendered 'for the sake of' according to its local construction.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
διαμαρτυρίαςtestimonyN1A GSF · διαμαρτυρίαgenitive element qualifying another termδιαμαρτυρία: term rendered 'testimony' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἔθνουςnationN3E GSN · ἔθνοςgenitive element qualifying another termἔθνος: term rendered 'nation' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐναγωνίσασθεcontend inVA AMD2P · αγωνίζομαι + ἐνverbal element carrying the clause actionαγωνίζομαι + ἐν: verbal lexeme rendered 'contend in' with its contextual sense in this clause.
προθύμωςeagerlyD · προθύμωςadverbial modifier of the clauseπροθύμως: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'eagerly' with its local discourse force.
ὑπὲρfor the sake ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complementὑπέρ: preposition rendered 'for the sake of' according to its local construction.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατρῴουancestralA1A GSM · πατρῷοςgenitive element qualifying another termπατρῷος: term rendered 'ancestral' with its contextual sense in this clause.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςgenitive element qualifying another termνόμος: term rendered 'law' with its contextual sense in this clause.
17
καὶ γὰρ αἰσχρὸν τὸν μὲν γέροντα τοῦτον ὑπομένειν τὰς διὰ τὴν εὐσέβειαν ἀλγηδόνας ὑμᾶς δὲ τοὺς νεανίσκους καταπλαγῆναι τὰς βασάνους
For it is shameful that this old man should endure the sufferings that come through piety, while you who are young shrink back from the torments.
The older martyr becomes the moral benchmark that should keep the younger men from shrinking back.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
αἰσχρὸνshamefulA1A ASM · αἰσχρόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαἰσχρός: term rendered 'shameful' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
μὲνon the one handX · μένconnective or particle shaping the clause relationμέν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'on the one hand' with its local discourse force.
γέρονταold manN3 ASM · γέρωνaccusative element functioning as object or complementγέρων: term rendered 'old man' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὗτος: term rendered 'this' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπομένεινunderV1 PAN · μένω + ὑποinfinitive complement within the clause+ ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'under' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
εὐσέβειανpietyN1A ASF · εὐσέβειαaccusative element functioning as object or complementεὐσέβεια: term rendered 'piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀλγηδόναςpainN3N APF · ἀλγηδώνaccusative element functioning as object or complementἀλγηδών: term rendered 'pain' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύaccusative element functioning as object or complementσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
νεανίσκουςyoung manN2 APM · νεανίσκοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementνεανίσκος: term rendered 'young man' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καταπλαγῆναιdownVD APN · πλήσσω + καταverbal element carrying the clause action+ κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'down' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
βασάνουςtortureN2 APF · βάσανοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementβάσανος: term rendered 'torture' with its contextual sense in this clause.
18
ἀναμνήσθητε ὅτι διὰ τὸν θεὸν τοῦ κόσμου μετελάβετε καὶ τοῦ βίου ἀπελαύσατε
Remember that it was because of the God of the world that you received your life and enjoyed it.
She recalls that life itself is a gift received from God and therefore belongs back to him.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀναμνήσθητεupVS APS2P · μιμνήσκω + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀνα: verbal lexeme rendered 'up' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'that' with its local discourse force.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
κόσμουworldN2 GSM · κόσμοςgenitive element qualifying another termκόσμος: term rendered 'world' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μετελάβετεwithVBI AAI2P · λαμβάνω + μεταverbal element carrying the clause action+ μετα: verbal lexeme rendered 'with' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
βίουlifeN2 GSM · βίοςgenitive element qualifying another termβίος: term rendered 'life' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπελαύσατεawayVAI AAI2P · λαύω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'away' with its contextual sense in this clause.
19
καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ὀφείλετε πάντα πόνον ὑπομένειν διὰ τὸν θεόν
And for this reason you owe it to endure every pain for the sake of God,
Because God is the giver of life, every pain owed in his service becomes morally fitting.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὗτος: term rendered 'this' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὀφείλετεoweV1 PAI2P · ὀφείλωverbal element carrying the clause actionὀφείλω: verbal lexeme rendered 'owe' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπᾶς: term rendered 'all' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πόνονpainN2 ASM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπόνος: term rendered 'pain' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὑπομένεινunderV1 PAN · μένω + ὑποinfinitive complement within the clause+ ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'under' with its contextual sense in this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
20
δι' ὃν καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἡμῶν Αβρααμ ἔσπευδεν τὸν ἐθνοπάτορα υἱὸν σφαγιάσαι Ισαακ καὶ τὴν πατρῴαν χεῖρα ξιφηφόρον καταφερομένην ἐπ' αὐτὸν ὁρῶν οὐκ ἔπτηξεν
for whose sake also our father Abraham hastened to sacrifice Isaac, the forefather of the nation; and Isaac, seeing the ancestral hand carrying the sword down upon him, did not flinch.
The paradigmatic patriarchal test grounds the sons’ obedience in the memory of Israel’s fathers.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςaccusative element functioning as object or complementὅς: term rendered 'whom' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπατήρ: term rendered 'father' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive element qualifying another termἐγώ: term rendered 'our' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΑβρααμAbrahamN NSM · Ἀβραάμproper-name element in the clauseἈβραάμ: proper name rendered 'Abraham' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ἔσπευδενhastenV1I IAI3S · σπεύδωverbal element carrying the clause actionσπεύδω: verbal lexeme rendered 'hasten' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐθνοπάτοραfather of the nationN3R ASM · ἐθνοπάτωρaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐθνοπάτωρ: term rendered 'father of the nation' with its contextual sense in this clause.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementυἱός: term rendered 'son' with its contextual sense in this clause.
σφαγιάσαιslaughterVA AAN · σφαγιάζωverbal element carrying the clause actionσφαγιάζω: verbal lexeme rendered 'slaughter' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ΙσαακIsaacN ASM · Ισαακproper-name element in the clauseΙσαακ: proper name rendered 'Isaac' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατρῴανancestralA1A ASF · πατρῷοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπατρῷος: term rendered 'ancestral' with its contextual sense in this clause.
χεῖραhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object or complementχείρ: term rendered 'hand' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ξιφηφόρονsword-bearingA1B ASF · ξιφηφόροςaccusative element functioning as object or complementξιφηφόρος: term rendered 'sword-bearing' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καταφερομένηνbring downV1 · πμπασφ φέρω + καταverbal element carrying the clause actionφέρω + κατα: verbal lexeme rendered 'bring down' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complementἐπί: preposition rendered 'upon' according to its local construction.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: term rendered 'him' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὁρῶνseeV3 · παπνσμ ὁράωverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'see' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clauseοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ἔπτηξενcowerVAI AAI3S · πτήσσωverbal element carrying the clause actionπτήσσω: verbal lexeme rendered 'cower' with its contextual sense in this clause.
21
καὶ Δανιηλ ὁ δίκαιος εἰς λέοντας ἐβλήθη καὶ Ανανιας καὶ Αζαριας καὶ Μισαηλ εἰς κάμινον πυρὸς ἀπεσφενδονήθησαν καὶ ὑπέμειναν διὰ τὸν θεόν
And righteous Daniel was thrown to the lions, and Hananiah and Azariah and Mishael were hurled into the furnace of fire and endured it for the sake of God.
Other scriptural exempla broaden the pattern of endurance under trial for God’s sake.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλproper-name element in the clauseΔανιηλ: proper name rendered 'Daniel' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateδίκαιος: term rendered 'righteous' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
λέονταςlionN3 APM · λέωνaccusative element functioning as object or complementλέων: term rendered 'lion' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἐβλήθηthrowVCI API3S · βάλλωverbal element carrying the clause actionβάλλω: verbal lexeme rendered 'throw' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ΑνανιαςHananiahN1T NSM · Ανανιαςproper-name subject or predicate elementΑνανιας: proper name rendered 'Hananiah' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ΑζαριαςAzariahN1T NSM · Αζαριαςproper-name subject or predicate elementΑζαριας: proper name rendered 'Azariah' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ΜισαηλMishaelN NSM · Μισαηλproper-name element in the clauseΜισαηλ: proper name rendered 'Mishael' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complementεἰς: preposition rendered 'into' according to its local construction.
κάμινονfurnaceN2 ASM · κάμινοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementκάμινος: term rendered 'furnace' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πυρὸςfireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive element qualifying another termπῦρ: term rendered 'fire' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀπεσφενδονήθησανhurlVCI API3P · σφενδονάω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause actionσφενδονάω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'hurl' with its contextual sense in this clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ὑπέμεινανunderVAI AAI3P · μένω + ὑποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ὑπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'under' with its contextual sense in this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
22
καὶ ὑμεῖς οὖν τὴν αὐτὴν πίστιν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἔχοντες μὴ χαλεπαίνετε
So you also, since you have the same faith toward God, do not lose heart.
The mother presses the analogies home by demanding the same faith from her sons.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύnominative element functioning as subject or predicateσύ: term rendered 'you' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνconnective or particle shaping the clause relationοὖν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'therefore' with its local discourse force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
αὐτὴνhe, she, itRD ASF · αὐτόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementαὐτός: term rendered 'he, she, it' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πίστινfaithN3I ASF · πίστιςaccusative element functioning as object or complementπίστις: term rendered 'faith' with its contextual sense in this clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing its complementπρός: preposition rendered 'toward' according to its local construction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἔχοντεςhaveV1 · παπνπμ ἔχωparticiple supporting the clause actionἔχω: verbal lexeme rendered 'have' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clauseμή: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
χαλεπαίνετεbe troubledV1 PAD2P · χαλεπαίνωverbal element carrying the clause actionχαλεπαίνω: verbal lexeme rendered 'be troubled' with its contextual sense in this clause.
23
ἀλόγιστον γὰρ εἰδότας εὐσέβειαν μὴ ἀνθίστασθαι τοῖς πόνοις
For it is irrational, when one knows piety, not to withstand pains.’
Knowing piety but refusing suffering is declared contrary to reason itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἀλόγιστονirrationalA1B NSN · ἀλόγιστοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἀλόγιστος: term rendered 'irrational' with its contextual sense in this clause.
γὰρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relationγάρ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'for' with its local discourse force.
εἰδόταςseeV3 · παπαπμ ὁράωverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'see' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εὐσέβειανpietyN1A ASF · εὐσέβειαaccusative element functioning as object or complementεὐσέβεια: term rendered 'piety' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier of the clauseμή: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'not' with its local discourse force.
ἀνθίστασθαιwithstandV6 PMN · ἵστημι + ἀντιinfinitive complement within the clauseἵστημι + ἀντι: verbal lexeme rendered 'withstand' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πόνοιςpainN2 DPM · πόνοςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansπόνος: term rendered 'pain' with its contextual sense in this clause.
24
διὰ τούτων τῶν λόγων ἡ ἑπταμήτωρ ἕνα ἕκαστον τῶν υἱῶν παρακαλοῦσα ἀποθανεῖν ἔπεισεν μᾶλλον ἢ παραβῆναι τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ θεοῦ
By these words the mother of seven, encouraging each one of her sons, persuaded them to die rather than transgress the commandment of God.
The narrator explicitly records that her exhortation moved each son toward death rather than apostasy.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςgenitive element qualifying another termοὗτος: term rendered 'these' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
λόγωνwordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive element qualifying another termλόγος: term rendered 'word' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἑπταμήτωρmother of sevenN3R NSF · ἑπταμήτωρnominative element functioning as subject or predicateἑπταμήτωρ: term rendered 'mother of seven' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἕναoneA3 ASM · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object or complementεἷς: term rendered 'one' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἕκαστονeachA1 ASM · ἕκαστοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementἕκαστος: term rendered 'each' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive element qualifying another termυἱός: term rendered 'son' with its contextual sense in this clause.
παρακαλοῦσαencourageV2 · παπνσφ καλέω + παραverbal element carrying the clause actionκαλέω + παρα: verbal lexeme rendered 'encourage' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀποθανεῖνawayVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action+ ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'away' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἔπεισενpersuadeVAI AAI3S · πείθωverbal element carrying the clause actionπείθω: verbal lexeme rendered 'persuade' with its contextual sense in this clause.
μᾶλλονratherD · μᾶλλονadverbial modifier of the clauseμᾶλλον: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'rather' with its local discourse force.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or particle shaping the clause relationἤ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'or' with its local discourse force.
παραβῆναιalongsideVZ AAN · βαίνω + παραverbal element carrying the clause action+ παρα: verbal lexeme rendered 'alongside' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
ἐντολὴνcommandmentN1 ASF · ἐντολήaccusative element functioning as object or complementἐντολή: term rendered 'commandment' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying another termθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
25
ἔτι δὲ καὶ ταῦτα εἰδότες ὅτι οἱ διὰ τὸν θεὸν ἀποθνῄσκοντες ζῶσιν τῷ θεῷ ὥσπερ Αβρααμ καὶ Ισαακ καὶ Ιακωβ καὶ πάντες οἱ πατριάρχαι
And besides this they knew that those who die for God live to God, as do Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the patriarchs.
The chapter ends by locating the dead among the living patriarchs before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clauseἔτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'still' with its local discourse force.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or particle shaping the clause relationδέ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'but' with its local discourse force.
καὶandD · καίadverbial modifier of the clauseκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςaccusative element functioning as object or complementοὗτος: term rendered 'these things' with its contextual sense in this clause.
εἰδότεςseeV3 · παπνπμ ὁράωverbal element carrying the clause actionὁράω: verbal lexeme rendered 'see' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or particle shaping the clause relationὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'that' with its local discourse force.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complementδιά: preposition rendered 'through' according to its local construction.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or complementθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ἀποθνῄσκοντεςdieV1 · παπνπμ θνήσκω + ἀποparticiple supporting the clause actionθνήσκω + ἀπο: verbal lexeme rendered 'die' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ζῶσινliveV3 PAI3P · ζάωverbal element carrying the clause actionζάω: verbal lexeme rendered 'live' with its contextual sense in this clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as indirect object, reference, or meansθεός: term rendered 'God' with its contextual sense in this clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial modifier of the clauseὥσπερ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'just as' with its local discourse force.
ΑβρααμAbrahamN NSM · Ἀβραάμproper-name element in the clauseἈβραάμ: proper name rendered 'Abraham' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ΙσαακIsaacN NSM · Ισαακproper-name element in the clauseΙσαακ: proper name rendered 'Isaac' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
ΙακωβJacobN NSM · Ἰακώβproper-name element in the clauseἸακώβ: proper name rendered 'Jacob' in this chapter's scriptural or historical setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective or particle shaping the clause relationκαί: connective, particle, or adverb rendered 'and' with its local discourse force.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπᾶς: term rendered 'all' with its contextual sense in this clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle with the following noun or adjectiveὁ: article marking the noun or adjective with which it is paired in this clause.
πατριάρχαιpatriarchN1M NPM · πατριάρχηςnominative element functioning as subject or predicateπατριάρχης: term rendered 'patriarch' with its contextual sense in this clause.