1
λόγοι Αμως οἳ ἐγένοντο ἐν νακκαριμ ἐκ Θεκουε οὓς εἶδεν ὑπὲρ Ιερουσαλημ ἐν ἡμέραις Οζιου βασιλέως Ιουδα καὶ ἐν ἡμέραις Ιεροβοαμ τοῦ Ιωας βασιλέως Ισραηλ πρὸ δύο ἐτῶν τοῦ σεισμοῦ
The words of Amos, which came among the shepherds from Tekoa, which he saw concerning Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah king of Judah and in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash, king of Israel, two years before the earthquake.
The superscription identifies Amos by social location, place, royal chronology, and the remembered earthquake. The opening frames the book as a visionary word anchored in concrete historical memory.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
Αμωςof AmosN GSM · Αμωςgenitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic)→ participant identificationΑμως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable patronymic).
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeγίγνομαι: meaning 'came to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
νακκαριμshepherdsN DPM · νακκαριμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseνακκαριμ: meaning 'shepherds'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΘεκουεTekoaN GS · Θεκουεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΘεκουε: meaning 'Tekoa'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ΟζιουUzziahN1T GSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamN GSM · Ιεροβοαμproper-name item in the genealogical chainΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιωαςof JoashN GSM · Ιωαςproper name or indeclinable itemΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἐτῶνyearsN3E GPN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σεισμοῦearthquakeN2 GSM · σεισμόςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ genitive element marking relation or specificationσεισμός: meaning 'earthquake'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
2
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος ἐκ Σιων ἐφθέγξατο καὶ ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ ἔδωκεν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπένθησαν αἱ νομαὶ τῶν ποιμένων καὶ ἐξηράνθη ἡ κορυφὴ τοῦ Καρμήλου
And he said: The Lord spoke out from Zion, and from Jerusalem he gave his voice; and the pastures of the shepherds mourned, and the summit of Carmel dried up.
The voice from Zion is not merely speech but judgment that affects the land itself. Even the fertile summit of Carmel and the shepherds' pastures wither under the force of the Lord's roar.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΣιωνZionN GS · Σιωνproper name in apposition to ὄρος→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in apposition to ὄρος.
ἐφθέγξατοspoke outVAI AMI3S · φθέγγομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ event or state assertionφθέγγομαι: meaning 'spoke out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήhead noun within the clause→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπένθησανmournedVAI AAI3P · πενθέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπενθέω: meaning 'mourned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
νομαὶpastureN1 NPF · νομήnominative head term or subject complement→ participant prominenceνομή: meaning 'pasture'; it serves as nominative head term or subject complement.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιμένωνshepherdN3 GPM · ποιμήνgenitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause→ relational specificationποιμήν: meaning 'shepherd'; it serves as genitive substantive dependent within the phrase or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξηράνθηdried upVCI API3S · ξηραίνωparticiple modifying the clause with verbal force→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationξηραίνω: meaning 'dried up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with verbal force.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κορυφὴsummitN1 NSF · κορυφήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionκορυφή: meaning 'summit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαρμήλουCarmelN2 GSM · Καρμήλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityΚαρμήλου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
3
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος ἐπὶ ταῖς τρισὶν ἀσεβείαις Δαμασκοῦ καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς τέσσαρσιν οὐκ ἀποστραφήσομαι αὐτόν ἀνθ' ὧν ἔπριζον πρίοσιν σιδηροῖς τὰς ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσας τῶν ἐν Γαλααδ
And the Lord said: For three impieties of Damascus, and for four, I will not turn it away, because they were sawing with iron saws the women in Gilead who were with child.
The recurring numerical formula marks accumulated guilt that has now reached its limit. Damascus is condemned for a particularly savage war-crime, making the coming fire a response to atrocity rather than arbitrary wrath.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀσεβείαιςimpietyN1A DPF · ἀσέβειαdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
ΔαμασκοῦDamascusN2 GS · Δαμασκόςnominal element functioning within the clauseΔαμασκοῦ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσινfourA3 DPF · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστραφήσομαιI will turn awayVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνθ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνθ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
ἔπριζονthey were sawingV1I IAI3P · πρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπρίζω: meaning 'they were sawing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρίοσινsawsN3N DPM · πρίωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientπρίων: meaning 'saws'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σιδηροῖςironA1C DPM · σιδηροῦςdative element functioning within the clauseσιδηροῦς: meaning 'iron'; it serves as dative element functioning within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γαστρὶwombN3 DSF · γαστήρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ sphere or referenceγαστήρ: meaning 'womb'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἐχούσαςhavingV1 · παπαπφ ἔχωparticiple modifying ἐπιστολὰς and introducing their form→ verbal verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationπαπαπφ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying ἐπιστολὰς and introducing their form.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΓαλααδGileadN DS · Γαλαάδsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextΓαλααδ: meaning 'Gilead'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
4
καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ πῦρ εἰς τὸν οἶκον Αζαηλ καὶ καταφάγεται θεμέλια υἱοῦ Αδερ
And I will send fire into the house of Hazael, and it shall devour the foundations of the son of Hadad.
The punishment narrows from the people to the ruling house. Fire consumes not only the visible structure but the foundations, signaling dynastic undoing at its roots.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελῶsend outVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΑζαηλHazaelN GSM · Αζαηλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΑζαηλ: meaning 'Hazael'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N APN · θεμέλιονdirect object of φλέξει→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as direct object of φλέξει.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive in the repeated 'son of' genealogy formula→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive in the repeated 'son of' genealogy formula.
ΑδερAderN GSM · Αδερsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΑδερ: meaning 'Ader'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
5
καὶ συντρίψω μοχλοὺς Δαμασκοῦ καὶ ἐξολεθρεύσω κατοικοῦντας ἐκ πεδίου Ων καὶ κατακόψω φυλὴν ἐξ ἀνδρῶν Χαρραν καὶ αἰχμαλωτευθήσεται λαὸς Συρίας ἐπίκλητος λέγει κύριος
And I will shatter the bars of Damascus and destroy the inhabitants from the plain of On, and I will cut off a tribe from the men of Charran; and the famed people of Syria shall be led away captive, says the Lord.
The city is imagined as a barred enclosure that God breaks open. Inhabitants, ruling line, and finally the people themselves all fall under the announced dismantling and exile.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντρίψωwas crushedVF FAI1S · τρίβω + συνfinite verb governing the clause→ constative aorist passiveτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
μοχλοὺςbars / crossbarsN2 APM · μοχλόςaccusative (object of ἤνεγκαν)→ object specificationμοχλός: meaning 'bars'; it serves as accusative (object of ἤνεγκαν).
ΔαμασκοῦDamascusN2 GS · Δαμασκόςnominal element functioning within the clauseΔαμασκοῦ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρεύσωdestroy utterlyVF FAI1S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πεδίουfield / plainN2N GSN · πεδίονgenitive (with κόχλαξιν: 'flints of the field')→ relational specificationπεδίον: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive (with κόχλαξιν: 'flints of the field').
ΩνOnN GS · Ωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΩν: meaning 'On'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακόψωI will cut offVF FAI1S · κόπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκόπτω + κατα: meaning 'I will cut off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυλὴνtribeN1 ASF · φυλήaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀνδρῶνmenN3 GPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΧαρρανCharranN GS · Χαρρανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΧαρραν: meaning 'Charran'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰχμαλωτευθήσεταιshall be led captiveVC FPI3S · αἰχμαλωτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseαἰχμαλωτεύω: meaning 'shall be led captive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · Συρίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationΣυρίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐπίκλητοςfamedA1B NSM · ἐπίκλητοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἐπίκλητος: meaning 'famed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
6
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ ταῖς τρισὶν ἀσεβείαις Γάζης καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς τέσσαρσιν οὐκ ἀποστραφήσομαι αὐτούς ἕνεκεν τοῦ αἰχμαλωτεῦσαι αὐτοὺς αἰχμαλωσίαν τοῦ Σαλωμων τοῦ συγκλεῖσαι εἰς τὴν Ιδουμαίαν
Thus says the Lord: For three impieties of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn them away, because they carried away captive a whole captivity of Solomon to hand them over to Idumea.
The Philistine crime is mass deportation for the sake of sale or transfer. The formula emphasizes that Gaza's commerce in human beings has become a matter for divine reckoning.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀσεβείαιςimpietyN1A DPF · ἀσέβειαdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
Γάζηςof GazaN1S GSF · Γάζαnominal element functioning within the clauseΓάζης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσινfourA3 DPF · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστραφήσομαιI will turn awayVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἕνεκενenekenP · ἕνεκενpreposition introducing its complement→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: meaning 'eneken'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωτεῦσαιto carry away captiveVA AAN · αἰχμαλωτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseαἰχμαλωτεύω: meaning 'to carry away captive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)→ object specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as subject in apposition (the captives also purified).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ wakeful praise and righteous enduranceΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγκλεῖσαιto shut upVA AAN · κλείω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκλείω + συν: meaning 'to shut up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙδουμαίανEdomN1A ASF · Ιδουμαίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ lexical contribution to the oracleΙδουμαίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
7
καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ πῦρ ἐπὶ τὰ τείχη Γάζης καὶ καταφάγεται θεμέλια αὐτῆς
And I will send fire upon the walls of Gaza, and it shall devour its foundations.
As in the Damascus oracle, fire attacks both wall and foundation. The city's defenses cannot shield it from the one who judges the deed behind them.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελῶsend outVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχηwallsN3E APN · τεῖχοςpredicate nominative (in simile)→ judgment emphasis within the oracleτεῖχος: meaning 'walls'; it serves as predicate nominative (in simile).
Γάζηςof GazaN1S GSF · Γάζαnominal element functioning within the clauseΓάζης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N APN · θεμέλιονdirect object of φλέξει→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as direct object of φλέξει.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
8
καὶ ἐξολεθρεύσω κατοικοῦντας ἐξ Ἀζώτου καὶ ἐξαρθήσεται φυλὴ ἐξ Ἀσκαλῶνος καὶ ἐπάξω τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπὶ Ακκαρων καὶ ἀπολοῦνται οἱ κατάλοιποι τῶν ἀλλοφύλων λέγει κύριος
And I will destroy the inhabitants from Azotus, and a tribe shall be removed from Ascalon, and I will bring my hand upon Accaron, and the remnant of the foreigners shall perish, says the Lord.
The judgment widens from Gaza to the other Philistine centers. The sequence presents the whole Philistine world as liable to removal once its violence has been exposed.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρεύσωdestroy utterlyVF FAI1S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἈζώτουAzotusN2 GSM · Ἄζωτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἈζώτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρθήσεταιshall be removedVC FPI3S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυλὴtribeN1 NSF · φυλήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
Ἀσκαλῶνοςof AshkelonN3W GSF · Ἀσκαλώνgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ repentance summons and judgment on the nationsἈσκαλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάξωbringVF FAI1S · ἄγω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist indicative summaryἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΑκκαρωνAccaronN AS · Ακκαρωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΑκκαρων: meaning 'Accaron'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολοῦνταιperishVF2 FMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάλοιποιrestA1B NPM · κατάλοιποςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceκατάλοιπος: meaning 'rest'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοφύλωνforeignersA1B GPM · ἀλλόφυλοςgenitive modifier of γῆν→ relational specificationἀλλόφυλος: meaning 'foreigners'; it serves as genitive modifier of γῆν.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
9
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ ταῖς τρισὶν ἀσεβείαις Τύρου καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς τέσσαρσιν οὐκ ἀποστραφήσομαι αὐτήν ἀνθ' ὧν συνέκλεισαν αἰχμαλωσίαν τοῦ Σαλωμων εἰς τὴν Ιδουμαίαν καὶ οὐκ ἐμνήσθησαν διαθήκης ἀδελφῶν
Thus says the Lord: For three impieties of Tyre, and for four, I will not turn it away, because they shut up the captivity of Solomon into Idumea and did not remember a covenant of brothers.
Tyre is indicted not only for trafficking in captives but for violating remembered brotherhood. Commercial calculation has overridden covenantal obligation, and that betrayal becomes the center of the charge.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀσεβείαιςimpietyN1A DPF · ἀσέβειαdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
ΤύρουTyreN2 GSF · Τύροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΤύρου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσινfourA3 DPF · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστραφήσομαιI will turn awayVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἀνθ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνθ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
συνέκλεισανblockedVAI AAI3P · κλείω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative→ constative aoristκλείω + συν: meaning 'blocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivityN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)→ object specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as subject in apposition (the captives also purified).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλωμωνSolomonN GSM · Σαλωμώνproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ wakeful praise and righteous enduranceΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙδουμαίανEdomN1A ASF · Ιδουμαίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ lexical contribution to the oracleΙδουμαίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐμνήσθησανrememberedVSI API3P · μιμνήσκωmain verb of recollection with ethical force→ constative aoristμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remembered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of recollection with ethical force.
διαθήκηςcovenantN1 GSF · διαθήκηgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἀδελφῶνbrothersN2 GPM · ἀδελφόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brothers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
10
καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ πῦρ ἐπὶ τὰ τείχη Τύρου καὶ καταφάγεται θεμέλια αὐτῆς
And I will send fire upon the walls of Tyre, and it shall devour its foundations.
The punishment against Tyre is brief and formulaic, which gives it added force. The city famed for security and trade is reduced to the common fate of judged fortresses.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελῶsend outVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχηwallsN3E APN · τεῖχοςpredicate nominative (in simile)→ judgment emphasis within the oracleτεῖχος: meaning 'walls'; it serves as predicate nominative (in simile).
ΤύρουTyreN2 GSF · Τύροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΤύρου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N APN · θεμέλιονdirect object of φλέξει→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as direct object of φλέξει.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
11
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ ταῖς τρισὶν ἀσεβείαις τῆς Ιδουμαίας καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς τέσσαρσιν οὐκ ἀποστραφήσομαι αὐτούς ἕνεκα τοῦ διῶξαι αὐτοὺς ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐλυμήνατο μήτραν ἐπὶ γῆς καὶ ἥρπασεν εἰς μαρτύριον φρίκην αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ὅρμημα αὐτοῦ ἐφύλαξεν εἰς νεῖκος
Thus says the Lord: For three impieties of Idumea, and for four, I will not turn them away, because he pursued his brother with the sword and ravaged the womb upon the earth and seized his horror as a witness, and kept his onrush for strife.
Edom's sin is framed as violence against a brother, making the offense kinship betrayal as much as military cruelty. The language piles image upon image to portray fury preserved and cultivated rather than restrained.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀσεβείαιςimpietyN1A DPF · ἀσέβειαdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙδουμαίαςIdumeaN1A GSF · Ιδουμαίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationΙδουμαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσινfourA3 DPF · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστραφήσομαιI will turn awayVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἕνεκαfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκαpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκα: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its object within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διῶξαιto pursueVA AAN · διώκωinfinitive of purpose (with ἐξῆλθαν)→ aorist aspect presenting the action as a wholeδιώκω: meaning 'to pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (with ἐξῆλθαν).
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλυμήνατοmistreat / oppressVAI AMI3S · λυμαίνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλυμαίνω: meaning 'mistreat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
μήτρανμήτραN1A ASF · μήτραObject / complement→ object specificationμήτρα: meaning 'μήτρα'; it serves as Object / complement.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥρπασενsnatchedVAI AAI3S · ἁρπάζωmain verb (Banaias seizes the spear)→ aoristἁρπάζω: meaning 'snatched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Banaias seizes the spear).
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μαρτύριονwitnessN2N ASN · μαρτύριονaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationμαρτύριον: meaning 'witness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
φρίκηνhorrorN1 ASF · φρίκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalφρίκη: meaning 'horror'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρμημαassaultN3M ASN · ὅρμημαobject of δειλωθῆτε by senseὅρμημα: meaning 'assault'; it serves as object of δειλωθῆτε by sense.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐφύλαξενhe keptVAI AAI3S · φυλάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristφυλάσσω: meaning 'he kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
νεῖκοςstrifeN3E ASN · νεῖκοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ content focusνεῖκος: meaning 'strife'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
12
καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ πῦρ εἰς Θαιμαν καὶ καταφάγεται θεμέλια τειχέων αὐτῆς
And I will send fire into Thaiman, and it shall devour the foundations of its walls.
The Edomite oracle culminates in fire against Teman. What seemed fortified and stable will be opened and consumed from below.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελῶsend outVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΘαιμανThaimanN AS · Θαιμανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΘαιμαν: meaning 'Thaiman'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N APN · θεμέλιονdirect object of φλέξει→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as direct object of φλέξει.
τειχέωνwallN3E GPN · τεῖχοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ relational specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
13
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ ταῖς τρισὶν ἀσεβείαις υἱῶν Αμμων καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς τέσσαρσιν οὐκ ἀποστραφήσομαι αὐτόν ἀνθ' ὧν ἀνέσχιζον τὰς ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσας τῶν Γαλααδιτῶν ὅπως ἐμπλατύνωσιν τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν
Thus says the Lord: For three impieties of the sons of Ammon, and for four, I will not turn it away, because they were ripping open the women with child of the Gileadites so that they might widen their borders.
The Ammonite accusation joins atrocity with territorial greed. Expansion is exposed as the motive behind violence against the most vulnerable bodies in war.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀσεβείαιςimpietyN1A DPF · ἀσέβειαdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΑμμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσινfourA3 DPF · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστραφήσομαιI will turn awayVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνθ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνθ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
ἀνέσχιζονthey were ripping openV1I IAI3P · σχίζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseσχίζω + ἀνα: meaning 'they were ripping open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γαστρὶwombN3 DSF · γαστήρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ sphere or referenceγαστήρ: meaning 'womb'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἐχούσαςhavingV1 · παπαπφ ἔχωparticiple modifying ἐπιστολὰς and introducing their form→ verbal verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationπαπαπφ ἔχω: meaning 'having'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying ἐπιστολὰς and introducing their form.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Γαλααδιτῶνof the GileaditesN3 GPM · Γαλααδῖτιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityΓαλααδιτῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλατύνωσινthey might widenV1 PAS3P · πλατύνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπλατύνω + ἐν: meaning 'they might widen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
14
καὶ ἀνάψω πῦρ ἐπὶ τὰ τείχη Ραββα καὶ καταφάγεται θεμέλια αὐτῆς μετὰ κραυγῆς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ πολέμου καὶ σεισθήσεται ἐν ἡμέρᾳ συντελείας αὐτῆς
And I will kindle fire upon the walls of Rabbah, and it shall devour its foundations with a cry in the day of war, and it shall be shaken in the day of its end.
Rabbah's fall is pictured amid battle-noise and final convulsion. The city's own end becomes a public echo of the violence it once inflicted.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάψωI will kindleVF FAI1S · ἅπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἅπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'I will kindle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχηwallsN3E APN · τεῖχοςpredicate nominative (in simile)→ judgment emphasis within the oracleτεῖχος: meaning 'walls'; it serves as predicate nominative (in simile).
ΡαββαRabbahN GS · Ραββαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΡαββα: meaning 'Rabbah'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N APN · θεμέλιονdirect object of φλέξει→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as direct object of φλέξει.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κραυγῆςoutcryN1 GSF · κραυγήgenitive dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationκραυγή: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σεισθήσεταιshakeVC FPI3S · σείωfinite verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardσείω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
συντελείαςsynteleiaN1A GSF · συντέλειαgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'synteleia'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
15
καὶ πορεύσονται οἱ βασιλεῖς αὐτῆς ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ οἱ ἱερεῖς αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό λέγει κύριος
And its kings shall go into captivity, its priests and its rulers together, says the Lord.
The final note makes the judgment total by including political and cultic leadership alike. Royal power, priestly authority, and civic rule all share the same exile.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορεύσονταιporeyomaiVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίᾳcaptivity / captivesN1A DSF · αἰχμαλωσίαsubject in apposition (the captives also purified)→ sphere or referenceαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as subject in apposition (the captives also purified).
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτόitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτό: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.