1
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ ταῖς τρισὶν ἀσεβείαις Μωαβ καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς τέσσαρσιν οὐκ ἀποστραφήσομαι αὐτόν ἀνθ' ὧν κατέκαυσαν τὰ ὀστᾶ βασιλέως τῆς Ιδουμαίας εἰς κονίαν
Thus says the Lord: For the three impieties of Moab, and for the four, I will not turn him away, because they burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime.
The Moab oracle closes the opening foreign-nation cycle with an act of desecrating vengeance. Burning a royal corpse into lime becomes a symbolic outrage that merits irreversible judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀσεβείαιςimpietyN1A DPF · ἀσέβειαdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
ΜωαβMoabN GSF · Μωαβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσινfourA3 DPF · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστραφήσομαιI will turn awayVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνθ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνθ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
κατέκαυσανκαίωVAI AAI3P · καίω + καταmain verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeκαίω + κατα: meaning 'καίω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause’s action or assertion.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙδουμαίαςIdumeaN1A GSF · Ιδουμαίαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationΙδουμαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κονίανtheN1A ASF · κονίαaccusative nominal functioning as object or affected elementκονία: meaning 'the'; it serves as accusative nominal functioning as object or affected element.
2
καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ πῦρ ἐπὶ Μωαβ καὶ καταφάγεται θεμέλια τῶν πόλεων αὐτῆς καὶ ἀποθανεῖται ἐν ἀδυναμίᾳ Μωαβ μετὰ κραυγῆς καὶ μετὰ φωνῆς σάλπιγγος
And I will send fire upon Moab, and it shall devour the foundations of its cities, and Moab shall die in weakness, with shouting and with the sound of a trumpet.
The announced fire is paired with public noise and civic collapse. Moab's fall is not private ruin but a national undoing heard in battle clamor and trumpet signal.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελῶsend outVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΜωαβMoabN ASF · Μωαβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N APN · θεμέλιονdirect object of φλέξει→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as direct object of φλέξει.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcityN3I GPF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποθανεῖταιhe diedVF2 FMI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ future middleθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀδυναμίᾳweaknessN1A DSF · ἀδυναμίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientἀδυναμία: meaning 'weakness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΜωαβMoabN NSF · Μωαβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κραυγῆςoutcryN1 GSF · κραυγήgenitive dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationκραυγή: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
σάλπιγγοςtrumpetN3G GSF · σάλπιγξgenitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifier→ relational specificationσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as genitive substantive functioning as a dependent or descriptive modifier.
3
καὶ ἐξολεθρεύσω κριτὴν ἐξ αὐτῆς καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἄρχοντας αὐτῆς ἀποκτενῶ μετ' αὐτοῦ λέγει κύριος
And I will destroy the judge from its midst, and I will kill all its rulers with him, says the Lord.
Judgment reaches the structures of rule. Judge and princes alike are removed, showing that the polity itself cannot survive the Lord's sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρεύσωdestroy utterlyVF FAI1S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
κριτὴνjudgeN1M ASM · κριτήςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ object focus or directional goalκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἀποκτενῶawayVF2 FAI1S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action→ futureκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
4
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ ταῖς τρισὶν ἀσεβείαις υἱῶν Ιουδα καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς τέσσαρσιν οὐκ ἀποστραφήσομαι αὐτόν ἕνεκα τοῦ ἀπώσασθαι αὐτοὺς τὸν νόμον κυρίου καὶ τὰ προστάγματα αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐφυλάξαντο καὶ ἐπλάνησεν αὐτοὺς τὰ μάταια αὐτῶν ἃ ἐποίησαν οἷς ἐξηκολούθησαν οἱ πατέρες αὐτῶν ὀπίσω αὐτῶν
Thus says the Lord: For the three impieties of the sons of Judah, and for the four, I will not turn him away, because they rejected the law of the Lord and did not keep his ordinances, and their vanities which they made led them astray, the things after which their fathers followed.
The turn to Judah is morally piercing because it focuses on covenant rejection rather than military cruelty. Judah's sin lies in refusing the Lord's teaching and following inherited falsehoods.
Word-by-word analysis· 44 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀσεβείαιςimpietyN1A DPF · ἀσέβειαdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσινfourA3 DPF · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστραφήσομαιI will turn awayVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἕνεκαfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκαpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκα: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its object within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπώσασθαιto rejectVA AMN · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'to reject'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προστάγματαcommandmentN3M APN · πρόσταγμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπρόσταγμα: meaning 'commandment'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφυλάξαντοthey keptVAI AMI3P · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυλάσσω: meaning 'they kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλάνησενled astrayVAI AAI3S · πλανάωmain verb (Manasseh's seduction of the people)→ constative aoristπλανάω: meaning 'led astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Manasseh's seduction of the people).
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάταιαvain thingsA1A APN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ nominal, pronominal, or adjectival contribution to the oracle's imagery and argumentμάταιος: meaning 'vain things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξηκολούθησανfollow afterVAI AAI3P · ἀκολουθέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ aorist active indicativeἀκολουθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'follow after'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
5
καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ πῦρ ἐπὶ Ιουδαν καὶ καταφάγεται θεμέλια Ιερουσαλημ
And I will send fire upon Judah, and it shall devour the foundations of Jerusalem.
The Judah oracle is brief but severe. Fire upon Jerusalem's foundations signals that even the covenant city is not exempt from judgment when it rejects divine instruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελῶsend outVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
θεμέλιαfoundationsN2N APN · θεμέλιονdirect object of φλέξει→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundations'; it serves as direct object of φλέξει.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
6
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ ταῖς τρισὶν ἀσεβείαις Ισραηλ καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς τέσσαρσιν οὐκ ἀποστραφήσομαι αὐτόν ἀνθ' ὧν ἀπέδοντο ἀργυρίου δίκαιον καὶ πένητα ἕνεκεν ὑποδημάτων
Thus says the Lord: For the three impieties of Israel, and for the four, I will not turn him away, because they sold the righteous for silver and the poor for the sake of sandals.
With Israel the accusation expands. Economic exploitation is named first: the righteous and the poor are reduced to marketable goods under predatory social arrangements.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρισὶνthreeA3 DPF · τρεῖςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀσεβείαιςimpietyN1A DPF · ἀσέβειαdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαρσινfourA3 DPF · τέσσαρεςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέσσαρες: meaning 'four'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστραφήσομαιI will turn awayVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνθ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀνθ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
ἀπέδοντοthey soldVOI AMI3P · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'they sold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀργυρίουsilverN2N GSN · ἀργύριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πένηταpoor manN3T ASM · πένηςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπένης: meaning 'poor man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἕνεκενenekenP · ἕνεκενpreposition introducing its complement→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: meaning 'eneken'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement.
ὑποδημάτωνsandalN3M GPN · ὑπόδημαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ relational specificationὑπόδημα: meaning 'sandal'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
7
τὰ πατοῦντα ἐπὶ τὸν χοῦν τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐκονδύλιζον εἰς κεφαλὰς πτωχῶν καὶ ὁδὸν ταπεινῶν ἐξέκλιναν καὶ υἱὸς καὶ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ εἰσεπορεύοντο πρὸς τὴν αὐτὴν παιδίσκην ὅπως βεβηλώσωσιν τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτῶν
They were trampling upon the dust of the earth and striking it upon the heads of the poor, and they turned aside the way of the humble; and son and father were going in to the same servant-girl so as to profane the name of their God.
The charges intensify into bodily humiliation and sexual profanation. Violence against the poor and the abuse of a servant-girl are treated as direct desecration of God's name.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατοῦνταtramplingV2 · παπαπν πατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπαπν πατέω: meaning 'trampling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χοῦνdustN3 ASM · χοῦςaccusative noun naming mortal origin and end→ object specificationχοῦς: meaning 'dust'; it serves as accusative noun naming mortal origin and end.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκονδύλιζονthey were strikingV1I IAI3P · κονδυλίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκονδυλίζω: meaning 'they were striking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κεφαλὰςhead / capitalN1 APF · κεφαλήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
πτωχῶνof the poorN2 GPM · πτωχόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ relational specificationπτωχός: meaning 'of the poor'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπεινῶνhumbleA1 GPM · ταπεινόςGenitive modifier→ integrity, generosity, and social orderταπεινός: meaning 'humble'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἐξέκλινανturned awayVAI AAI3P · κλίνω + ἐκfinite verb stating withdrawal→ constative aorist of retreating movementκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb stating withdrawal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰσεπορεύοντοwere coming in to / went intoV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαι + εἰςverb of iterative clause (iterative imperfect)→ iterative imperfect (repeatedly entering, on each occasion)πορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'were coming in to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of iterative clause (iterative imperfect).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
παιδίσκηνservant-girlN1 ASF · παιδίσκηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαιδίσκη: meaning 'servant-girl'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βεβηλώσωσινmight profaneVA AAS3P · βεβηλόωsubjunctive verb in the second purpose clauseβεβηλόω: meaning 'might profane'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as subjunctive verb in the second purpose clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
8
καὶ τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτῶν δεσμεύοντες σχοινίοις παραπετάσματα ἐποίουν ἐχόμενα τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου καὶ οἶνον ἐκ συκοφαντιῶν ἔπινον ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτῶν
And binding their garments with cords, they made hangings near the altar, and they were drinking wine from acts of extortion in the house of their God.
Cultic space has been corrupted by unjust gain. What should be worship becomes a display of garments taken in pledge and wine acquired through extortion.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsN2N APN · ἱμάτιονdirect object of πλυνεῖ→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as direct object of πλυνεῖ.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
δεσμεύοντεςbindingV1 · παπνπμ δεσμεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνπμ δεσμεύω: meaning 'binding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σχοινίοιςwith cordsN2N DPN · σχοινίονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ dative element locating the statementσχοινίον: meaning 'with cords'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παραπετάσματαhangingsN3M APN · παραπέτασμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalπαραπέτασμα: meaning 'hangings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίουνdo / makeV2I IAI3P · ποιέωmain verbal predicate→ verbal action in summary styleποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
ἐχόμεναechoV1 · πμπαπν ἔχωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ participial/imperfectiveπμπαπν ἔχω: meaning 'echo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarN2N GSN · θυσιαστήριονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
συκοφαντιῶνacts of extortionN1A GPF · συκοφαντίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityσυκοφαντία: meaning 'acts of extortion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἔπινονthey drankV1I IAI3P · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ core verbal force advancing the narrative, interpretation, or royal responseπίνω: meaning 'they drank'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
9
ἐγὼ δὲ ἐξῆρα τὸν Αμορραῖον ἐκ προσώπου αὐτῶν οὗ ἦν καθὼς ὕψος κέδρου τὸ ὕψος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἰσχυρὸς ἦν ὡς δρῦς καὶ ἐξῆρα τὸν καρπὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπάνωθεν καὶ τὰς ῥίζας αὐτοῦ ὑποκάτωθεν
Yet I destroyed the Amorite from before them, whose height was like the height of a cedar and who was strong like an oak; and I destroyed his fruit from above and his roots from beneath.
The Lord interrupts accusation with remembrance. Israel's present corruption is set against the past grace by which God removed a foe as lofty and strong as cedar and oak.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆραI destroyedVAI AAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραῖονAmoriteN2 ASM · Ἀμορραῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalΑμορραῖον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὕψοςexaltationN3E NSN · ὕψοςnominative element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceὕψος: meaning 'exaltation'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
κέδρουcedarN2 GSF · κέδροςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationκέδρος: meaning 'cedar'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψοςexaltationN3E NSN · ὕψοςnominative element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceὕψος: meaning 'exaltation'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰσχυρὸςmightyA1A NSM · ἰσχυρόςpredicate adjective describing Judas's strength→ participant prominenceἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as predicate adjective describing Judas's strength.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δρῦςoakN3U NSF · δρῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionδρῦς: meaning 'oak'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆραI destroyedVAI AAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςdirect object understood with ἐδίδου→ object specificationκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as direct object understood with ἐδίδου.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπάνωθενEpanothenD · ἐπάνωθενadverb→ lexical contribution shaped by local syntaxἐπάνωθεν: meaning 'Epanothen'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥίζαςrootsN1S APF · ῥίζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥίζα: meaning 'roots'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὑποκάτωθενfrom beneathP · ὑποκάτωθενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterὑποκάτωθεν: meaning 'from beneath'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
10
καὶ ἐγὼ ἀνήγαγον ὑμᾶς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ περιήγαγον ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τεσσαράκοντα ἔτη τοῦ κατακληρονομῆσαι τὴν γῆν τῶν Αμορραίων
And I brought you up out of the land of Egypt and led you about in the wilderness forty years, so as to inherit the land of the Amorites.
Exodus and wilderness are recalled as acts of divine patience and purpose. The land Israel occupies is shown to be received gift, not self-made possession.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνήγαγονI brought upVBI AAI1S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'I brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιήγαγονI led aboutVBI AAI1S · ἄγω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἄγω + περι: meaning 'I led about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessN2 DSF · ἔρημοςnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
τεσσαράκονταfortyM · τεσσαράκονταindeclinable or proper-name element functioning in the clause as written→ discourse linkage or contrastτεσσαράκοντα: meaning 'forty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατακληρονομῆσαιto seize as inheritanceVA AAN · κληρονομέω + καταpurpose infinitive→ infinitival complementκληρονομέω + κατα: meaning 'to seize as inheritance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as purpose infinitive.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμορραίωναmorraionN2 GPM · Ἀμορραῖοςnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ relational specificationΑμορραίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
11
καὶ ἔλαβον ἐκ τῶν υἱῶν ὑμῶν εἰς προφήτας καὶ ἐκ τῶν νεανίσκων ὑμῶν εἰς ἁγιασμόν μὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ταῦτα υἱοὶ Ισραηλ λέγει κύριος
And I took from your sons for prophets and from your young men for consecration. Is this not so, sons of Israel? says the Lord.
Prophets and consecrated youths are named as internal covenant gifts. The rhetorical question presses Israel to admit the Lord's long pattern of gracious provision.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβονI tookVBI AAI1S · λαμβάνωfinite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion→ aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'I took'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προφήταςprophetN1M APM · προφήτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεανίσκωνyoung menN2 GPM · νεανίσκοςobject of ὀπίσω→ relational specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young men'; it serves as object of ὀπίσω.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἁγιασμόνconsecrationN2 ASM · ἁγιασμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalἁγιασμός: meaning 'consecration'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ταῦταtheseRD NPN · οὗτοςpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
12
καὶ ἐποτίζετε τοὺς ἡγιασμένους οἶνον καὶ τοῖς προφήταις ἐνετέλλεσθε λέγοντες οὐ μὴ προφητεύσητε
But you were giving the consecrated ones wine to drink, and you were commanding the prophets, saying, 'You shall certainly not prophesy.'
The people answered those gifts by corruption and suppression. They made the consecrated break their calling and ordered the prophets into silence.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποτίζετεyou were giving drinkV1I IAI2P · ποτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseποτίζω: meaning 'you were giving drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγιασμένουςconsecrated onesVT · χμπαπμ ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseχμπαπμ ἁγιάζω: meaning 'consecrated ones'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήταιςprophetN1M DPM · προφήτηςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐνετέλλεσθεyou were commandingV1I IMI2P · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'you were commanding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ present participle introducing direct proposalπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
προφητεύσητεyou should prophesyVA AAS2P · προφητεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπροφητεύω: meaning 'you should prophesy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
13
διὰ τοῦτο ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ κυλίω ὑποκάτω ὑμῶν ὃν τρόπον κυλίεται ἡ ἅμαξα ἡ γέμουσα καλάμης
Therefore behold, I am rolling beneath you just as a wagon full of straw rolls along.
Judgment is pictured as downward crushing weight. The image of a wagon loaded with straw conveys inescapable pressure gathering beneath the guilty people.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κυλίωI am rollingV1 PAI1S · κυλίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκυλίω: meaning 'I am rolling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑποκάτωunderP · ὑποκάτωpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ object specificationτρόπος: meaning 'manner'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
κυλίεταιrollsV1 PPI3S · κυλίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκυλίω: meaning 'rolls'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅμαξαwagonN1S NSF · ἅμαξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἅμαξα: meaning 'wagon'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γέμουσαfullV1 · παπνσφ γέμωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνσφ γέμω: meaning 'full'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καλάμηςstrawN1 GSF · καλάμηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningκαλάμη: meaning 'straw'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
καὶ ἀπολεῖται φυγὴ ἐκ δρομέως καὶ ὁ κραταιὸς οὐ μὴ κρατήσῃ τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ καὶ ὁ μαχητὴς οὐ μὴ σώσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ
And flight shall perish from the runner, and the strong man shall certainly not hold fast to his strength, and the warrior shall certainly not save his own life.
The first consequence is the collapse of trusted capacities. Speed and strength cannot preserve life when the Lord's judgment removes every avenue of escape.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολεῖταιdestroyedVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
φυγὴflightN1 NSF · φυγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφυγή: meaning 'flight'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δρομέωςrunnerN3V GSM · δρομεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceδρομεύς: meaning 'runner'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κραταιὸςstrong manA1A NSM · κραταιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκραταιός: meaning 'strong man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
κρατήσῃhold fastVA AAS3S · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκρατέω: meaning 'hold fast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive dependent within the phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαχητὴςwarriorN1M NSM · μαχητήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαχητής: meaning 'warrior'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
σώσῃsaveVA AAS3S · σώζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
15
καὶ ὁ τοξότης οὐ μὴ ὑποστῇ καὶ ὁ ὀξὺς τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ διασωθῇ οὐδὲ ὁ ἱππεὺς οὐ μὴ σώσῃ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ
And the archer shall certainly not stand, and the swift with his feet shall certainly not escape, nor shall the horseman save his own life.
The dismantling of security continues across military roles. Archer, runner, and horseman all fail alike, leveling human skill before divine sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοξότηςarcherN1M NSM · τοξότηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionτοξότης: meaning 'archer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑποστῇwithstandVH AAS3S · ἵστημι + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἵστημι + ὑπο: meaning 'withstand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀξὺςswiftA3U NSM · ὀξύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ wisdom as companion, ruler, and teacherὀξύς: meaning 'swift'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποσὶνfeetN3D DPM · πούςdative in idiom of manner→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as dative in idiom of manner.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
διασωθῇ+ diaVC APS3S · σώζω + διαfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseσώζω + δια: meaning '+ dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱππεὺςhorsemanN3V NSM · ἱππεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionἱππεύς: meaning 'horseman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
σώσῃsaveVA AAS3S · σώζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
16
καὶ εὑρήσει τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ἐν δυναστείαις ὁ γυμνὸς διώξεται ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ λέγει κύριος
And the naked man shall find his heart among powers and flee in that day, says the Lord.
The final image is shameful and absolute. Even the one stripped bare and desperate will flee in that day, underscoring the total undoing of confidence.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὑρήσειwill findVF FAI3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δυναστείαιςpowersN1A DPF · δυναστείαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδυναστεία: meaning 'powers'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυμνὸςto the nakedA1 NSM · γυμνόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceγυμνός: meaning 'to the naked'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
διώξεταιpursueVF FMI3S · διώκωfinite verb governing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardδιώκω: meaning 'pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.