1
ἐν ἔτει τρίτῳ Κύρου βασιλέως Περσῶν λόγος ἀπεκαλύφθη τῷ Δανιηλ οὗ τὸ ὄνομα ἐπεκλήθη Βαλτασαρ καὶ ἀληθινὸς ὁ λόγος καὶ δύναμις μεγάλη καὶ σύνεσις ἐδόθη αὐτῷ ἐν τῇ ὀπτασίᾳ
In the third year of Cyrus king of the Persians, a word was revealed to Daniel, whose name had been called Belshazzar; and the word was true, and of great force, and understanding was given to him in the vision.
Opens with a dated notice in Cyrus’ reign and identifies Daniel as the recipient of a true and weighty revelation.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantἔτει: lexical item rendered here as “year”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τρίτῳthirdA1 DSN · τρίτοςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ descriptionτρίτῳ: lexical item rendered here as “third”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ΚύρουCyrusN2 GSM · Κῦροςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantΚύρου: lexical item rendered here as “Cyrus”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantβασιλέως: lexical item rendered here as “king”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN1M GPM · Πέρσηςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantΠέρσης: “Persians”; the reference to Persia here is not merely geopolitical but part of the chapter’s unveiling of heavenly conflict behind empire.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantλόγος: lexical item rendered here as “word”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἀπεκαλύφθηwas revealedVVI API3S · καλύπτω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἀπεκαλύφθη: verbal form of καλύπτω + ἀπο, rendered here as “was revealed”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῷ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ΔανιηλDanielN DSM · Δανιηλproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΔανιηλ: Daniel, the seer whose bodily weakness and repeated strengthening frame the reception of the chapter’s revelation.
οὗwho/whichRR GSM · ὅςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceοὗ: pronominal form rendered here as “who/which”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantὄνομα: lexical item rendered here as “name”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἐπεκλήθηcall/nameVCI API3S · καλέω + ἐπιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἐπεκλήθη: verbal form of καλέω + ἐπι, rendered here as “call/name”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ΒαλτασαρBelshazzarN NSM · Βαλτασαρproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΒαλτασαρ: proper name rendered here as “Belshazzar”; it identifies a person, people, or place central to Daniel 10’s visionary setting.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἀληθινὸςtrueA1 NSM · ἀληθινόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ descriptionἀληθινὸς: lexical item rendered here as “true”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationὁ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantλόγος: lexical item rendered here as “word”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
δύναμιςforceN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantδύναμις: lexical item rendered here as “force”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ descriptionμεγάλη: lexical item rendered here as “great”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
σύνεσιςunderstandingN3I NSF · σύνεσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantσύνεσις: lexical item rendered here as “understanding”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἐδόθηwas givenVCI API3S · δίδωμιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἐδόθη: verbal form of δίδωμι, rendered here as “was given”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
αὐτῷself/heRD DSM · αὐτόςdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceαὐτῷ: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῇ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὀπτασίᾳvisionN1A DSF · ὀπτασίαdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantὀπτασία: “vision”; the term marks this revelation as a direct supernatural disclosure that overwhelms Daniel’s ordinary capacities.
2
ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἐγὼ Δανιηλ ἤμην πενθῶν τρεῖς ἑβδομάδας ἡμερῶν
In those days I, Daniel, was mourning for three weeks of days.
Before the vision itself appears, Daniel is situated in an extended state of mourning.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationταῖς: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἡμέραιςdaysN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantἡμέραις: lexical item rendered here as “days”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἐκείναιςthatRD DPF · ἐκεῖνοςdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceἐκείναις: pronominal form rendered here as “that”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative pronominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ referenceἐγὼ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΔανιηλ: Daniel, the seer whose bodily weakness and repeated strengthening frame the reception of the chapter’s revelation.
ἤμηνbeV9I IMI1S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἤμην: verbal form of εἰμί, rendered here as “be”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
πενθῶνmourningV2 · παπνσμ πενθέωparticipial verbal form supplementing the clause with attendant circumstance or description→ circumstanceπενθῶν: verbal form of πενθέω, rendered here as “mourning”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τρεῖςthreeA3 APF · τρεῖςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ descriptionτρεῖς: lexical item rendered here as “three”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἑβδομάδαςweeksN3D APF · ἑβδομάςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantἑβδομάδας: lexical item rendered here as “weeks”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἡμερῶν: lexical item rendered here as “day”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
3
ἄρτον ἐπιθυμιῶν οὐκ ἔφαγον καὶ κρέας καὶ οἶνος οὐκ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸ στόμα μου καὶ ἄλειμμα οὐκ ἠλειψάμην ἕως πληρώσεως τριῶν ἑβδομάδων ἡμερῶν
I ate no bread of desire, and meat and wine did not enter my mouth, and I did not anoint myself with oil until the completion of three weeks of days.
The mourning is specified through fasting, abstinence, and the refusal of bodily comfort.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἄρτονbreadN2 ASM · ἄρτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantἄρτον: lexical item rendered here as “bread”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἐπιθυμιῶνof desireN1A GPF · ἐπιθυμίαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἐπιθυμία: “desires”; in “man of desires” the noun signals belovedness or preciousness in divine regard, not fleshly craving.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐκ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἔφαγονI ateVBI AAI1S · ἐσθίωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἔφαγον: verbal form of ἐσθίω, rendered here as “I ate”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
κρέαςmeatN3 NSN · κρέαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantκρέας: lexical item rendered here as “meat”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οἶνοςwineN2 NSM · οἶνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantοἶνος: lexical item rendered here as “wine”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐκ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἰσῆλθενenteredVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἰσῆλθεν: verbal form of ἔρχομαι + εἰς, rendered here as “entered”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
εἰςinto/forP · εἰςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationεἰς: preposition rendered here as “into/for”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantστόμα: lexical item rendered here as “mouth”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἄλειμμαoil/anointingN3M ASN · ἄλειμμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantἄλειμμα: lexical item rendered here as “oil/anointing”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐκ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἠλειψάμηνI anointed myselfVAI AMI1S · ἀλείφωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἠλειψάμην: verbal form of ἀλείφω, rendered here as “I anointed myself”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἕως: preposition rendered here as “until”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
πληρώσεωςcompletionN3I GSF · πλήρωσιςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantπληρώσεως: lexical item rendered here as “completion”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τριῶνthreeA3 GPF · τρεῖςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ descriptionτριῶν: lexical item rendered here as “three”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἑβδομάδωνweekN3D GPF · ἑβδομάςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἑβδομάδων: lexical item rendered here as “week”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἡμερῶν: lexical item rendered here as “day”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
4
ἐν ἡμέρᾳ εἰκοστῇ καὶ τετάρτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ πρώτου καὶ ἐγὼ ἤμην ἐχόμενα τοῦ ποταμοῦ τοῦ μεγάλου αὐτός ἐστιν Εδδεκελ
And on the twenty-fourth day of the first month, I was by the side of the great river; it is the Tigris.
The narrative fixes the exact day and location, moving Daniel to the bank of the great river Tigris.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantἡμέρᾳ: lexical item rendered here as “day”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
εἰκοστῇtwentiethA1 DSF · εἰκοστόςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ descriptionεἰκοστῇ: lexical item rendered here as “twentieth”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
τετάρτῃfourthA1 DSF · τέταρτοςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ descriptionτετάρτῃ: lexical item rendered here as “fourth”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantμηνὸς: lexical item rendered here as “month”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSMS · πρῶτοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ descriptionπρώτου: lexical item rendered here as “first”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative pronominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ referenceἐγὼ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἤμηνbeV9I IMI1S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἤμην: verbal form of εἰμί, rendered here as “be”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐχόμεναbesideV1 · πμπνπν ἔχωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἐχόμενα: verbal form of πμπνπν ἔχω, rendered here as “beside”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantποταμοῦ: lexical item rendered here as “river”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ descriptionμεγάλου: lexical item rendered here as “great”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
αὐτόςself/heRD NSM · αὐτόςnominative pronominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ referenceαὐτός: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἐστιν: verbal form of εἰμί, rendered here as “be”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ΕδδεκελTigrisN NS · Εδδεκελproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΕδδεκελ: proper name rendered here as “Tigris”; it identifies a person, people, or place central to Daniel 10’s visionary setting.
5
καὶ ἦρα τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀνὴρ εἷς ἐνδεδυμένος βαδδιν καὶ ἡ ὀσφὺς αὐτοῦ περιεζωσμένη ἐν χρυσίῳ Ωφαζ
And I lifted up my eyes and saw, and behold, there was a man clothed in linen, and his loins were girded with gold of Uphaz.
Daniel lifts his eyes and sees the radiant human-like figure who will mediate the revelation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἦραI lifted upVAI AAI1S · αἴρωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἦρα: verbal form of αἴρω, rendered here as “I lifted up”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοὺς: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὀφθαλμούςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantὀφθαλμούς: lexical item rendered here as “eyes”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶδονsawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἶδον: verbal form of ὁράω, rendered here as “saw”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούindeclinable or specialized element functioning within the clause→ participantἰδοὺ: lexical item rendered here as “behold”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἀνὴρ: lexical item rendered here as “man”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
εἷςoneA3 NSM · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ descriptionεἷς: lexical item rendered here as “one”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἐνδεδυμένοςclothedVM · χππνσμ δύω + ἐνmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἐνδεδυμένος: verbal form of χππνσμ δύω + ἐν, rendered here as “clothed”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
βαδδινlinenN DPN · βαδδινindeclinable or specialized element functioning within the clause→ participantβαδδιν: lexical item rendered here as “linen”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationἡ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὀσφὺςloinsN3U NSF · ὀσφύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantὀσφὺς: lexical item rendered here as “loins”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
αὐτοῦself/heRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
περιεζωσμένηgirdedVT · χμπνσφ ζώννυμι + περιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventπεριεζωσμένη: verbal form of χμπνσφ ζώννυμι + περι, rendered here as “girded”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
χρυσίῳwith goldN2N DSN · χρυσίονdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantχρυσίῳ: lexical item rendered here as “with gold”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ΩφαζUphazN GS · Ωφαζproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΩφαζ: proper name rendered here as “Uphaz”; it identifies a person, people, or place central to Daniel 10’s visionary setting.
6
καὶ τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ θαρσις καὶ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ ὅρασις ἀστραπῆς καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ λαμπάδες πυρός καὶ οἱ βραχίονες αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ σκέλη ὡς ὅρασις χαλκοῦ στίλβοντος καὶ ἡ φωνὴ τῶν λόγων αὐτοῦ ὡς φωνὴ ὄχλου
And his body was like beryl, and his face like the appearance of lightning, and his eyes like lamps of fire, and his arms and legs like the appearance of gleaming bronze, and the sound of his words like the sound of a multitude.
The figure is described through a cascade of luminous and metallic comparisons that convey overwhelming heavenly glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
σῶμαbodyN3M NSN · σῶμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantσῶμα: lexical item rendered here as “body”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
αὐτοῦself/heRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ὡσεὶlikeD · ὡσείconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ comparisonὡσεὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “like”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
θαρσιςberylN NS · θαρσιςindeclinable or specialized element functioning within the clause→ participantθαρσις: lexical item rendered here as “beryl”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered here as “face”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
αὐτοῦself/heRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ὡσεὶlikeD · ὡσείconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ comparisonὡσεὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “like”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ὅρασιςappearanceN3I NSF · ὅρασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantὅρασις: lexical item rendered here as “appearance”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἀστραπῆςof lightningN1 GSF · ἀστραπήgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἀστραπῆς: lexical item rendered here as “of lightning”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationοἱ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantὀφθαλμοὶ: lexical item rendered here as “eye”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
αὐτοῦself/heRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ὡσεὶlikeD · ὡσείconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ comparisonὡσεὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “like”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
λαμπάδεςlampsN3D NPF · λαμπάςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantλαμπάδες: lexical item rendered here as “lamps”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
πυρόςof fireN3 GSN · πῦρgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantπυρός: lexical item rendered here as “of fire”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationοἱ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
βραχίονεςarmsN3N NPM · βραχίωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantβραχίονες: lexical item rendered here as “arms”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
αὐτοῦself/heRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὰ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
σκέληlegsN3E NPN · σκέλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantσκέλη: lexical item rendered here as “legs”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ comparisonὡς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “as”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ὅρασιςappearanceN3I NSF · ὅρασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantὅρασις: lexical item rendered here as “appearance”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
χαλκοῦbronzeA1C GSM · χαλκοῦςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ descriptionχαλκοῦ: lexical item rendered here as “bronze”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
στίλβοντοςgleamingV1 · παπγσμ στίλβωparticipial verbal form supplementing the clause with attendant circumstance or description→ circumstanceστίλβοντος: verbal form of στίλβω, rendered here as “gleaming”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationἡ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
φωνὴsound/voiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantφωνὴ: lexical item rendered here as “sound/voice”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῶν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λόγωνwordsN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantλόγων: lexical item rendered here as “words”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
αὐτοῦself/heRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ comparisonὡς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “as”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
φωνὴsound/voiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantφωνὴ: lexical item rendered here as “sound/voice”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ὄχλουmultitudeN2 GSM · ὄχλοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantὄχλου: lexical item rendered here as “multitude”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
7
καὶ εἶδον ἐγὼ Δανιηλ μόνος τὴν ὀπτασίαν καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ μετ' ἐμοῦ οὐκ εἶδον τὴν ὀπτασίαν ἀλλ' ἢ ἔκστασις μεγάλη ἐπέπεσεν ἐπ' αὐτούς καὶ ἔφυγον ἐν φόβῳ
And I, Daniel, alone saw the vision, and the men who were with me did not see the vision; but a great terror fell upon them, and they fled in fear.
Daniel alone sees the vision, while his companions experience only terror and flee.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶδονsawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἶδον: verbal form of ὁράω, rendered here as “saw”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative pronominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ referenceἐγὼ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ΔανιηλDanielN NSM · Δανιηλproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΔανιηλ: Daniel, the seer whose bodily weakness and repeated strengthening frame the reception of the chapter’s revelation.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ descriptionμόνος: lexical item rendered here as “alone”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὴν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὀπτασίανvisionN1A ASF · ὀπτασίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantὀπτασίαν: lexical item rendered here as “vision”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationοἱ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἄνδρες: lexical item rendered here as “men”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationοἱ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
μετ'withP · μετάprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationμετ': preposition rendered here as “with”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceἐμοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐκ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶδονsawVBI AAI3P · ὁράωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionεἶδον: verbal form of ὁράω, rendered here as “saw”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὴν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὀπτασίανvisionN1A ASF · ὀπτασίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantὀπτασίαν: lexical item rendered here as “vision”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ contrastἀλλ': connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “but”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἢor/exceptC · ἤconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageἢ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “or/except”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἔκστασιςterrorN3I NSF · ἔκστασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἔκστασις: lexical item rendered here as “terror”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ descriptionμεγάλη: lexical item rendered here as “great”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἐπέπεσενfellVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + ἐπιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἐπέπεσεν: verbal form of πίπτω + ἐπι, rendered here as “fell”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐπ': preposition rendered here as “upon”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
αὐτούςself/heRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceαὐτούς: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἔφυγονfledVBI AAI3P · φεύγωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἔφυγον: verbal form of φεύγω, rendered here as “fled”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
φόβῳfearN2 DSM · φόβοςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantφόβῳ: lexical item rendered here as “fear”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
8
καὶ ἐγὼ ὑπελείφθην μόνος καὶ εἶδον τὴν ὀπτασίαν τὴν μεγάλην ταύτην καὶ οὐχ ὑπελείφθη ἐν ἐμοὶ ἰσχύς καὶ ἡ δόξα μου μετεστράφη εἰς διαφθοράν καὶ οὐκ ἐκράτησα ἰσχύος
And I was left alone and saw this great vision, and no strength was left in me, and my glory was turned into corruption, and I retained no strength.
Left alone before the vision, Daniel’s strength and dignity collapse under its force.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative pronominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ referenceἐγὼ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ὑπελείφθηνwas leftVVI API1S · λείπω + ὑποmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionὑπελείφθην: verbal form of λείπω + ὑπο, rendered here as “was left”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μόνοςaloneA1 NSM · μόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ descriptionμόνος: lexical item rendered here as “alone”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶδονsawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἶδον: verbal form of ὁράω, rendered here as “saw”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὴν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὀπτασίανvisionN1A ASF · ὀπτασίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantὀπτασίαν: lexical item rendered here as “vision”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὴν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
μεγάληνgreatA1 ASF · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ descriptionμεγάλην: lexical item rendered here as “great”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceταύτην: pronominal form rendered here as “this”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οὐχnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐχ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ὑπελείφθηbe leftVVI API3S · λείπω + ὑποmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionὑπελείφθη: verbal form of λείπω + ὑπο, rendered here as “be left”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐμοὶIRP DS · ἐγώdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceἐμοὶ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἰσχύςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἰσχύς: lexical item rendered here as “strength”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationἡ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantδόξα: lexical item rendered here as “glory”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
μετεστράφηwas turnedVDI API3S · στρέφω + μεταmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionμετεστράφη: verbal form of στρέφω + μετα, rendered here as “was turned”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
εἰςinto/forP · εἰςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationεἰς: preposition rendered here as “into/for”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
διαφθοράνcorruptionN1A ASF · διαφθοράaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantδιαφθοράν: lexical item rendered here as “corruption”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐκ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐκράτησαretainedVAI AAI1S · κρατέωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἐκράτησα: verbal form of κρατέω, rendered here as “retained”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἰσχύοςstrengthN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἰσχύος: lexical item rendered here as “strength”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
9
καὶ ἤκουσα τὴν φωνὴν τῶν λόγων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν τῷ ἀκοῦσαί με αὐτοῦ ἤμην κατανενυγμένος καὶ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν
And I heard the sound of his words, and when I heard him, I was lying stunned with my face upon the ground.
The sound of the figure’s words leaves Daniel face-down and stunned upon the ground.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἤκουσαhearVAI AAI1S · ἀκούωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἤκουσα: verbal form of ἀκούω, rendered here as “hear”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὴν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantφωνὴν: lexical item rendered here as “voice”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῶν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λόγωνwordsN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantλόγων: lexical item rendered here as “words”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
αὐτοῦself/heRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῷ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἀκοῦσαίhearingVA AAN · ἀκούωinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementἀκοῦσαί: verbal form of ἀκούω, rendered here as “hearing”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceμε: pronominal form rendered here as “me”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
αὐτοῦself/heRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceαὐτοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἤμηνbeV9I IMI1S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἤμην: verbal form of εἰμί, rendered here as “be”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
κατανενυγμένοςstunnedVM · χππνσμ νύσσω + καταmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventκατανενυγμένος: verbal form of χππνσμ νύσσω + κατα, rendered here as “stunned”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantπρόσωπόν: lexical item rendered here as “face”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐπὶ: preposition rendered here as “upon”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὴν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
γῆνgroundN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantγῆν: lexical item rendered here as “ground”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
10
καὶ ἰδοὺ χεὶρ ἁπτομένη μου καὶ ἤγειρέν με ἐπὶ τὰ γόνατά μου
And behold, a hand touched me and raised me upon my knees.
A touch from the heavenly side interrupts Daniel’s collapse and begins his restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούindeclinable or specialized element functioning within the clause→ participantἰδοὺ: lexical item rendered here as “behold”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantχεὶρ: lexical item rendered here as “hand”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἁπτομένηtouchingV1 · πμπνσφ ἅπτομαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἁπτομένη: verbal form of πμπνσφ ἅπτομαι, rendered here as “touching”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἤγειρένraisedV1I IAI3S · ἀγείρωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἤγειρέν: verbal form of ἀγείρω, rendered here as “raised”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceμε: pronominal form rendered here as “me”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐπὶ: preposition rendered here as “upon”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὰ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
γόνατάkneesN3 APN · γόνυaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantγόνατά: lexical item rendered here as “knees”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
11
καὶ εἶπεν πρός με Δανιηλ ἀνὴρ ἐπιθυμιῶν σύνες ἐν τοῖς λόγοις οἷς ἐγὼ λαλῶ πρὸς σέ καὶ στῆθι ἐπὶ τῇ στάσει σου ὅτι νῦν ἀπεστάλην πρὸς σέ καὶ ἐν τῷ λαλῆσαι αὐτὸν πρός με τὸν λόγον τοῦτον ἀνέστην ἔντρομος
And he said to me, “Daniel, man of desires, understand the words that I am speaking to you, and stand in your place, because I have now been sent to you.” And when he spoke this word to me, I stood trembling.
The messenger names Daniel as beloved, commands him to understand, and identifies the present encounter as a sending.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἶπεν: verbal form of εἶπον, rendered here as “say”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
πρόςtoP · πρόςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationπρός: preposition rendered here as “to”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceμε: pronominal form rendered here as “me”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ΔανιηλDanielN VSM · Δανιηλproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΔανιηλ: Daniel, the seer whose bodily weakness and repeated strengthening frame the reception of the chapter’s revelation.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἀνὴρ: lexical item rendered here as “man”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἐπιθυμιῶνof desireN1A GPF · ἐπιθυμίαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἐπιθυμία: “desires”; in “man of desires” the noun signals belovedness or preciousness in divine regard, not fleshly craving.
σύνεςunderstandVH AAD2S · ἵημι + συνmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventσύνες: verbal form of ἵημι + συν, rendered here as “understand”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῖς: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantλόγοις: lexical item rendered here as “word”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
οἷςwho/whichRR DPM · ὅςdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceοἷς: pronominal form rendered here as “who/which”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative pronominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ referenceἐγὼ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
λαλῶI speakV2 PAI1S · λαλέωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionλαλῶ: verbal form of λαλέω, rendered here as “I speak”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationπρὸς: preposition rendered here as “to”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
σέyouRP AS · σύaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceσέ: pronominal form rendered here as “you”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
στῆθιstandVH AAD2S · ἵστημιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventστῆθι: verbal form of ἵστημι, rendered here as “stand”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐπὶ: preposition rendered here as “upon”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῇ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
στάσειstanding placeN3I DSF · στάσιςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantστάσει: lexical item rendered here as “standing place”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceσου: pronominal form rendered here as “your”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ groundὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “because”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
νῦνnowD · νῦνconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageνῦν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “now”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἀπεστάληνI was sentVDI API1S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἀπεστάλην: verbal form of στέλλω + ἀπο, rendered here as “I was sent”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationπρὸς: preposition rendered here as “to”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
σέyouRP AS · σύaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceσέ: pronominal form rendered here as “you”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῷ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λαλῆσαιto speakVA AAN · λαλέωinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementλαλῆσαι: verbal form of λαλέω, rendered here as “to speak”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
αὐτὸνself/heRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
πρόςtoP · πρόςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationπρός: preposition rendered here as “to”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceμε: pronominal form rendered here as “me”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantλόγον: lexical item rendered here as “word”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceτοῦτον: pronominal form rendered here as “this”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἀνέστηνI stoodVHI AAI1S · ἵστημι + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἀνέστην: verbal form of ἵστημι + ἀνα, rendered here as “I stood”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἔντρομοςtremblingA1B NSM · ἔντρομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ descriptionἔντρομος: lexical item rendered here as “trembling”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
12
καὶ εἶπεν πρός με μὴ φοβοῦ Δανιηλ ὅτι ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἧς ἔδωκας τὴν καρδίαν σου τοῦ συνιέναι καὶ κακωθῆναι ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ σου ἠκούσθησαν οἱ λόγοι σου καὶ ἐγὼ ἦλθον ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου
And he said to me, “Do not fear, Daniel, because from the first day on which you set your heart to understand and to humble yourself before your God, your words were heard, and I have come because of your words.
Daniel is told not to fear because his prayerful humbling was heard from the first day.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἶπεν: verbal form of εἶπον, rendered here as “say”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
πρόςtoP · πρόςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationπρός: preposition rendered here as “to”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceμε: pronominal form rendered here as “me”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
μὴnotD · μήconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageμὴ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionφοβοῦ: verbal form of φοβέω, rendered here as “fear”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ΔανιηλDanielN VSM · Δανιηλproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΔανιηλ: Daniel, the seer whose bodily weakness and repeated strengthening frame the reception of the chapter’s revelation.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ groundὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “because”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἀπὸ: preposition rendered here as “from”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῆς: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
πρώτηςfirstA1 GSFS · πρῶτοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ descriptionπρώτης: lexical item rendered here as “first”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἡμέρας: lexical item rendered here as “days”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἧςwho/whichRR GSF · ὅςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceἧς: pronominal form rendered here as “who/which”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἔδωκαςyou setVAI AAI2S · δίδωμιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἔδωκας: verbal form of δίδωμι, rendered here as “you set”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὴν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantκαρδίαν: lexical item rendered here as “heart”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceσου: pronominal form rendered here as “your”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
συνιέναιto understandV7 PAN · ἵημι + συνinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementσυνιέναι: verbal form of ἵημι + συν, rendered here as “to understand”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
κακωθῆναιto humble yourselfVC APN · κακόωinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementκακόω: here “to humble yourself, afflict yourself”; the verb names Daniel’s self-humbling before God as a posture of prayerful dependence.
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐναντίον: preposition rendered here as “before”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantθεοῦ: lexical item rendered here as “God”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceσου: pronominal form rendered here as “your”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἠκούσθησανwere heardVSI API3P · ἀκούωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἠκούσθησαν: verbal form of ἀκούω, rendered here as “were heard”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationοἱ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λόγοιwordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantλόγοι: lexical item rendered here as “word”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceσου: pronominal form rendered here as “your”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative pronominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ referenceἐγὼ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἦλθονI cameVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἦλθον: verbal form of ἔρχομαι, rendered here as “I came”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῖς: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantλόγοις: lexical item rendered here as “word”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceσου: pronominal form rendered here as “your”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
13
καὶ ὁ ἄρχων βασιλείας Περσῶν εἱστήκει ἐξ ἐναντίας μου εἴκοσι καὶ μίαν ἡμέραν καὶ ἰδοὺ Μιχαηλ εἷς τῶν ἀρχόντων τῶν πρώτων ἦλθεν βοηθῆσαί μοι καὶ αὐτὸν κατέλιπον ἐκεῖ μετὰ τοῦ ἄρχοντος βασιλείας Περσῶν
But the prince of the kingdom of the Persians stood opposing me for twenty-one days, and behold, Michael, one of the chief princes, came to help me, and I left him there with the prince of the kingdom of the Persians.
The delay in the messenger’s arrival is explained by conflict with the prince of Persia until Michael intervened.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationὁ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἄρχωνprinceN3 NSM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἄρχων: lexical item rendered here as “prince”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantβασιλείας: lexical item rendered here as “kingdom”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN1M GPM · Πέρσηςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantΠέρσης: “Persians”; the reference to Persia here is not merely geopolitical but part of the chapter’s unveiling of heavenly conflict behind empire.
εἱστήκειstoodVXI YAI3S · ἵστημιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἱστήκει: verbal form of ἵστημι, rendered here as “stood”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐξfromP · ἐκprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐξ: preposition rendered here as “from”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐναντίαςopposedA1A GSF · ἐναντίοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ descriptionἐναντίας: lexical item rendered here as “opposed”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιindeclinable or specialized element functioning within the clause→ participantεἴκοσι: lexical item rendered here as “twenty”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
μίανoneA1A ASF · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ descriptionμίαν: lexical item rendered here as “one”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantἡμέραν: lexical item rendered here as “day”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούindeclinable or specialized element functioning within the clause→ participantἰδοὺ: lexical item rendered here as “behold”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ΜιχαηλMichaelN NSM · Μιχαηλproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΜιχαηλ: Michael, one of the chief princes and the special heavenly protector associated with Daniel’s people.
εἷςoneA3 NSM · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ descriptionεἷς: lexical item rendered here as “one”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῶν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἀρχόντωνprince/rulerN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἀρχόντων: lexical item rendered here as “prince/ruler”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῶν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
πρώτωνfirstA1 GPMS · πρῶτοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ descriptionπρώτων: lexical item rendered here as “first”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἦλθεν: verbal form of ἔρχομαι, rendered here as “come”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
βοηθῆσαίto helpVA AAN · βοηθέωinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementβοηθῆσαί: verbal form of βοηθέω, rendered here as “to help”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceμοι: pronominal form rendered here as “to me”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
αὐτὸνself/heRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
κατέλιπονleftVBI AAI1S · λείπω + καταmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventκατέλιπον: verbal form of λείπω + κατα, rendered here as “left”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageἐκεῖ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “there”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
μετὰwithP · μετάprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationμετὰ: preposition rendered here as “with”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἄρχοντοςprince/rulerN3 GSM · ἄρχωνgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἄρχοντος: lexical item rendered here as “prince/ruler”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantβασιλείας: lexical item rendered here as “kingdom”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN1M GPM · Πέρσηςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantΠέρσης: “Persians”; the reference to Persia here is not merely geopolitical but part of the chapter’s unveiling of heavenly conflict behind empire.
14
καὶ ἦλθον συνετίσαι σε ὅσα ἀπαντήσεται τῷ λαῷ σου ἐπ' ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν ὅτι ἔτι ἡ ὅρασις εἰς ἡμέρας
And I came to make you understand what shall meet your people in the latter days, for the vision is still for days.”
The messenger states that he has come to explain what will befall Daniel’s people in the latter days.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἦλθονI cameVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἦλθον: verbal form of ἔρχομαι, rendered here as “I came”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
συνετίσαιto make understandVA AAN · συνετίζωinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementσυνετίσαι: verbal form of συνετίζω, rendered here as “to make understand”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceσε: pronominal form rendered here as “you”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ὅσαwhat thingsA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ descriptionὅσα: lexical item rendered here as “what things”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἀπαντήσεταιwill happenVF FMI3S · ἀντάω + ἀποmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ future assertionἀπαντήσεται: verbal form of ἀντάω + ἀπο, rendered here as “will happen”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῷ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantλαῷ: lexical item rendered here as “people”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceσου: pronominal form rendered here as “your”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐπ': preposition rendered here as “upon”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐσχάτωνlatterA1 GPF · ἔσχατοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ descriptionἐσχάτων: lexical item rendered here as “latter”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῶν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἡμερῶν: lexical item rendered here as “day”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ groundὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “because”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageἔτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “still”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationἡ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὅρασιςappearanceN3I NSF · ὅρασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantὅρασις: lexical item rendered here as “appearance”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
εἰςinto/forP · εἰςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationεἰς: preposition rendered here as “into/for”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantἡμέρας: lexical item rendered here as “days”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
15
καὶ ἐν τῷ λαλῆσαι αὐτὸν μετ' ἐμοῦ κατὰ τοὺς λόγους τούτους ἔδωκα τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ κατενύγην
And while he was speaking with me according to these words, I set my face to the ground and was struck dumb.
The explanation again overwhelms Daniel, who lowers his face and is struck silent.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῷ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λαλῆσαιto speakVA AAN · λαλέωinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementλαλῆσαι: verbal form of λαλέω, rendered here as “to speak”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
αὐτὸνself/heRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
μετ'withP · μετάprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationμετ': preposition rendered here as “with”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceἐμοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationκατὰ: preposition rendered here as “according to”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοὺς: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantλόγους: lexical item rendered here as “word”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τούτουςthisRD APM · οὗτοςaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceτούτους: pronominal form rendered here as “this”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἔδωκαgiveVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἔδωκα: verbal form of δίδωμι, rendered here as “give”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantπρόσωπόν: lexical item rendered here as “face”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐπὶ: preposition rendered here as “upon”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὴν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
γῆνgroundN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantγῆν: lexical item rendered here as “ground”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
κατενύγηνwas struck dumbVDI API1S · νύσσω + καταmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionκατενύγην: verbal form of νύσσω + κατα, rendered here as “was struck dumb”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
16
καὶ ἰδοὺ ὡς ὁμοίωσις υἱοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἥψατο τῶν χειλέων μου καὶ ἤνοιξα τὸ στόμα μου καὶ ἐλάλησα καὶ εἶπα πρὸς τὸν ἑστῶτα ἐναντίον ἐμοῦ κύριε ἐν τῇ ὀπτασίᾳ σου ἐστράφη τὰ ἐντός μου ἐν ἐμοί καὶ οὐκ ἔσχον ἰσχύν
And behold, one like the likeness of a son of man touched my lips, and I opened my mouth and spoke and said to the one standing before me, “My lord, because of the vision my inward parts were turned within me, and I had no strength.
A human-like touch opens Daniel’s mouth so that he can finally voice his distress.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούindeclinable or specialized element functioning within the clause→ participantἰδοὺ: lexical item rendered here as “behold”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ comparisonὡς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “as”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ὁμοίωσιςlikenessN3I NSF · ὁμοίωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantὁμοίωσις: lexical item rendered here as “likeness”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantυἱοῦ: lexical item rendered here as “son”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἀνθρώπουof manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἀνθρώπου: lexical item rendered here as “of man”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἥψατοtouchedVAI AMI3S · ἅπτομαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἥψατο: verbal form of ἅπτομαι, rendered here as “touched”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῶν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
χειλέωνlipsN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantχειλέων: lexical item rendered here as “lips”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἤνοιξαI openedVAI AAI1S · οἴγω + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἤνοιξα: verbal form of οἴγω + ἀνα, rendered here as “I opened”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
στόμαmouthN3M ASN · στόμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantστόμα: lexical item rendered here as “mouth”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐλάλησαI spokeVAI AAI1S · λαλέωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἐλάλησα: verbal form of λαλέω, rendered here as “I spoke”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶπαsayVAI AAI1S · εἶπονmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἶπα: verbal form of εἶπον, rendered here as “say”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationπρὸς: preposition rendered here as “to”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἑστῶταone standingVXI XAPASMI(/STHMImain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἑστῶτα: verbal form of VXI XAPASMI(/STHMI, rendered here as “one standing”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐναντίον: preposition rendered here as “before”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceἐμοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
κύριεlordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative term used for direct address→ participantκύριε: lexical item rendered here as “lord”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῇ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ὀπτασίᾳvisionN1A DSF · ὀπτασίαdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantὀπτασία: “vision”; the term marks this revelation as a direct supernatural disclosure that overwhelms Daniel’s ordinary capacities.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceσου: pronominal form rendered here as “your”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐστράφηwas turnedVDI API3S · στρέφωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἐστράφη: verbal form of στρέφω, rendered here as “was turned”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὰ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἐντόςinward partsP · ἐντόςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐντός: preposition rendered here as “inward parts”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceἐμοί: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐκ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἔσχονI hadVBI AAI1S · ἔχωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἔσχον: verbal form of ἔχω, rendered here as “I had”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἰσχύνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ participantἰσχύν: lexical item rendered here as “strength”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
17
καὶ πῶς δυνήσεται ὁ παῖς σου κύριε λαλῆσαι μετὰ τοῦ κυρίου μου τούτου καὶ ἐγὼ ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν οὐ στήσεται ἐν ἐμοὶ ἰσχύς καὶ πνοὴ οὐχ ὑπελείφθη ἐν ἐμοί
And how shall this servant of my lord be able to speak with this my lord? And as for me, from now on no strength will stand in me, and no breath was left in me.”
Daniel confesses his weakness and inability to sustain speech in the presence of such a lordly figure.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
πῶςhowD · πῶςconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageπῶς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “how”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
δυνήσεταιwill be ableVF FMI3S · δύναμαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ future assertionδυνήσεται: verbal form of δύναμαι, rendered here as “will be able”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationὁ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
παῖςservantN3D NSM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantπαῖς: lexical item rendered here as “servant”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceσου: pronominal form rendered here as “your”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
κύριεlordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative term used for direct address→ participantκύριε: lexical item rendered here as “lord”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
λαλῆσαιto speakVA AAN · λαλέωinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementλαλῆσαι: verbal form of λαλέω, rendered here as “to speak”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μετὰwithP · μετάprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationμετὰ: preposition rendered here as “with”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
κυρίουlordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantκυρίου: lexical item rendered here as “lord”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
τούτουthisRD GSM · οὗτοςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceτούτου: pronominal form rendered here as “this”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative pronominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ referenceἐγὼ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἀπὸ: preposition rendered here as “from”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
νῦνnowD · νῦνconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageνῦν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “now”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οὐnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
στήσεταιwill standVF FMI3S · ἵστημιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ future assertionστήσεται: verbal form of ἵστημι, rendered here as “will stand”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐμοὶIRP DS · ἐγώdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceἐμοὶ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἰσχύςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἰσχύς: lexical item rendered here as “strength”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
πνοὴbreathN1 NSF · πνοήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantπνοὴ: lexical item rendered here as “breath”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
οὐχnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐχ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ὑπελείφθηbe leftVVI API3S · λείπω + ὑποmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionὑπελείφθη: verbal form of λείπω + ὑπο, rendered here as “be left”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐμοίIRP DS · ἐγώdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceἐμοί: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
18
καὶ προσέθετο καὶ ἥψατό μου ὡς ὅρασις ἀνθρώπου καὶ ἐνίσχυσέν με
And he touched me again, like the appearance of a man, and strengthened me.
A second touch restores Daniel’s capacity and prepares him to continue.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
προσέθετοcontinued againVEI AMI3S · τίθημι + προςmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventπροσέθετο: verbal form of τίθημι + προς, rendered here as “continued again”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἥψατόtouchVAI AMI3S · ἅπτομαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἥψατό: verbal form of ἅπτομαι, rendered here as “touch”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ comparisonὡς: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “as”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ὅρασιςappearanceN3I NSF · ὅρασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantὅρασις: lexical item rendered here as “appearance”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἀνθρώπουof manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἀνθρώπου: lexical item rendered here as “of man”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐνίσχυσένstrengthenedVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + ἐνmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἐνίσχυσέν: verbal form of ἰσχύω + ἐν, rendered here as “strengthened”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceμε: pronominal form rendered here as “me”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
19
καὶ εἶπέν μοι μὴ φοβοῦ ἀνὴρ ἐπιθυμιῶν εἰρήνη σοι ἀνδρίζου καὶ ἴσχυε καὶ ἐν τῷ λαλῆσαι αὐτὸν μετ' ἐμοῦ ἴσχυσα καὶ εἶπα λαλείτω ὁ κύριός μου ὅτι ἐνίσχυσάς με
And he said to me, “Do not fear, man of desires; peace be to you. Be strong and prevail.” And while he was speaking with me, I gained strength and said, “Let my lord speak, because you have strengthened me.”
The messenger’s peace-greeting and command to be strong effect the very strengthening Daniel needs.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶπένsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἶπέν: verbal form of εἶπον, rendered here as “said”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceμοι: pronominal form rendered here as “to me”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
μὴnotD · μήconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageμὴ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionφοβοῦ: verbal form of φοβέω, rendered here as “fear”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἀνὴρ: lexical item rendered here as “man”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἐπιθυμιῶνof desireN1A GPF · ἐπιθυμίαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἐπιθυμία: “desires”; in “man of desires” the noun signals belovedness or preciousness in divine regard, not fleshly craving.
εἰρήνηpeaceN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantεἰρήνη: lexical item rendered here as “peace”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceσοι: pronominal form rendered here as “to you”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἀνδρίζουbe strongV1 PMD2S · ἀνδρίζομαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἀνδρίζου: verbal form of ἀνδρίζομαι, rendered here as “be strong”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἴσχυεprevailV1 PAD2S · ἰσχύωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἴσχυε: verbal form of ἰσχύω, rendered here as “prevail”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῷ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
λαλῆσαιto speakVA AAN · λαλέωinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementλαλῆσαι: verbal form of λαλέω, rendered here as “to speak”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
αὐτὸνself/heRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceαὐτὸν: pronominal form rendered here as “self/he”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
μετ'withP · μετάprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationμετ': preposition rendered here as “with”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceἐμοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἴσχυσαI gained strengthVAI AAI1S · ἰσχύωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἴσχυσα: verbal form of ἰσχύω, rendered here as “I gained strength”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶπαsayVAI AAI1S · εἶπονmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἶπα: verbal form of εἶπον, rendered here as “say”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
λαλείτωlet speakV2 PAD3S · λαλέωmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionλαλείτω: verbal form of λαλέω, rendered here as “let speak”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationὁ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
κύριόςlordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantκύριός: lexical item rendered here as “lord”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceμου: pronominal form rendered here as “my”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ groundὅτι: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “because”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐνίσχυσάςyou strengthenedVA AAI2S · ἰσχύω + ἐνmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἐνίσχυσάς: verbal form of ἰσχύω + ἐν, rendered here as “you strengthened”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceμε: pronominal form rendered here as “me”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
20
καὶ εἶπεν εἰ οἶδας ἵνα τί ἦλθον πρὸς σέ καὶ νῦν ἐπιστρέψω τοῦ πολεμῆσαι μετὰ ἄρχοντος Περσῶν καὶ ἐγὼ ἐξεπορευόμην καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἤρχετο
And he said, “Do you know why I have come to you? And now I will return to fight against the prince of the Persians; and as I was going out, behold, the prince of the Greeks was coming.
The messenger explains his mission’s next phase: renewed conflict with Persia and the approach of Greece.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventεἶπεν: verbal form of εἶπον, rendered here as “say”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
εἰifC · εἰconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ conditionεἰ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “if”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οἶδαςyou knowVX XAI2S · οἶδαmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventοἶδας: verbal form of οἶδα, rendered here as “you know”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
ἵναthat/whyC · ἵναconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ purposeἵνα: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “that/why”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
τίwho/whichRI ASN · τίςaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceτί: pronominal form rendered here as “who/which”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἦλθονI cameVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἦλθον: verbal form of ἔρχομαι, rendered here as “I came”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationπρὸς: preposition rendered here as “to”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
σέyouRP AS · σύaccusative pronominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ referenceσέ: pronominal form rendered here as “you”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
νῦνnowD · νῦνconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageνῦν: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “now”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐπιστρέψωI will returnVF FAI1S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ future assertionἐπιστρέψω: verbal form of στρέφω + ἐπι, rendered here as “I will return”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτοῦ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
πολεμῆσαιto fightVA AAN · πολεμέωinfinitival verbal form expressing action, purpose, or complement→ complementπολεμῆσαι: verbal form of πολεμέω, rendered here as “to fight”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μετὰwithP · μετάprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationμετὰ: preposition rendered here as “with”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἄρχοντοςprince/rulerN3 GSM · ἄρχωνgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἄρχοντος: lexical item rendered here as “prince/ruler”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ΠερσῶνPersiansN1M GPM · Πέρσηςgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantΠέρσης: “Persians”; the reference to Persia here is not merely geopolitical but part of the chapter’s unveiling of heavenly conflict behind empire.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative pronominal element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ referenceἐγὼ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἐξεπορευόμηνI was going outV1I IMI1S · πορεύομαι + ἐκmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἐξεπορευόμην: verbal form of πορεύομαι + ἐκ, rendered here as “I was going out”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationὁ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἄρχωνprinceN3 NSM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἄρχων: lexical item rendered here as “prince”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτῶν: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἙλλήνωνGreeksN3 GPM · Ἕλληνgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἝλλην: “Greeks”; the coming prince of Greece extends the chapter’s horizon beyond Persia into the next imperial struggle.
ἤρχετοwas comingV1I IMI3S · ἔρχομαιmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventἤρχετο: verbal form of ἔρχομαι, rendered here as “was coming”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
21
ἀλλ' ἢ ἀναγγελῶ σοι τὸ ἐντεταγμένον ἐν γραφῇ ἀληθείας καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν εἷς ἀντεχόμενος μετ' ἐμοῦ περὶ τούτων ἀλλ' ἢ Μιχαηλ ὁ ἄρχων ὑμῶν
But I will tell you what has been inscribed in the writing of truth, and there is no one who holds fast with me concerning these things except Michael, your prince.”
Closes by appealing to the writing of truth and naming Michael as Daniel’s sole princely ally in this conflict.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ contrastἀλλ': connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “but”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἢor/exceptC · ἤconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageἢ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “or/except”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἀναγγελῶI will tellVF2 FAI1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ future assertionἀναγγελῶ: verbal form of ἀγγέλλω + ἀνα, rendered here as “I will tell”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative pronominal element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ referenceσοι: pronominal form rendered here as “to you”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationτὸ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἐντεταγμένονwhat has been inscribedVK · χμπασν τάσσω + ἐνmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ eventτάσσω + ἐν: “what has been inscribed/appointed”; the phrase points to the fixed heavenly decree recorded in the writing of truth.
ἐνinP · ἐνprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationἐν: preposition rendered here as “in”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
γραφῇwritingN1 DSF · γραφήdative element marking sphere, means, reference, or recipient→ participantγραφῇ: lexical item rendered here as “writing”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἀληθείαςof truthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitive element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ participantἀληθείας: lexical item rendered here as “of truth”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
καὶandC · καίconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ additionκαὶ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “and”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ negationοὐκ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “not”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal element carrying the clause’s action, assertion, or report→ present assertionἔστιν: verbal form of εἰμί, rendered here as “there is”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
εἷςoneA3 NSM · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ descriptionεἷς: lexical item rendered here as “one”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ἀντεχόμενοςholding fastV1 · πμπνσμ ἔχω + ἀντιparticipial verbal form supplementing the clause with attendant circumstance or description→ circumstanceἀντεχόμενος: verbal form of ἔχω + ἀντι, rendered here as “holding fast”; it advances the movement of mourning, revelation, strengthening, or conflict in Daniel 10.
μετ'withP · μετάprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationμετ': preposition rendered here as “with”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceἐμοῦ: pronominal form rendered here as “I”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
περὶconcerningP · περίprepositional element governing its complement and marking relation→ relationπερὶ: preposition rendered here as “concerning”; it marks spatial, temporal, or logical relation within Daniel 10.
τούτωνthese thingsRD GPM · οὗτοςgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceτούτων: pronominal form rendered here as “these things”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ contrastἀλλ': connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “but”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ἢor/exceptC · ἤconnective, particle, or adverb shaping the clause’s flow, nuance, or emphasis→ linkageἢ: connective, particle, or adverb rendered here as “or/except”; it shapes the movement of vision report, reassurance, or explanation in this chapter.
ΜιχαηλMichaelN NSM · Μιχαηλproper name identifying a key heavenly figure, ruler, or place in the vision narrative→ participantΜιχαηλ: Michael, one of the chief princes and the special heavenly protector associated with Daniel’s people.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ determinationὁ: form of the Greek article, rendered here as “the”; it marks the neighboring phrase as definite or otherwise delimited in context.
ἄρχωνprinceN3 NSM · ἄρχωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participantἄρχων: lexical item rendered here as “prince”; in context it contributes a participant, image, or theological category to Daniel 10.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύgenitive pronominal element marking relation, source, possession, or description→ referenceὑμῶν: pronominal form rendered here as “your”; it tracks persons, peoples, and divine reference within the chapter.