1
ἔτους δευτέρου βασιλεύοντος Ἀρταξέρξου τοῦ μεγάλου τῇ μιᾷ τοῦ Νισα ἐνύπνιον εἶδεν Μαρδοχαῖος ὁ τοῦ Ιαϊρου τοῦ Σεμεϊου τοῦ Κισαιου ἐκ φυλῆς Βενιαμιν ἄνθρωπος Ιουδαῖος οἰκῶν ἐν Σούσοις τῇ πόλει ἄνθρωπος μέγας θεραπεύων ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ τοῦ βασιλέως ἦν δὲ ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἧς ᾐχμαλώτευσεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ ὁ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ μετὰ Ιεχονιου τοῦ βασιλέως τῆς Ιουδαίας καὶ τοῦτο αὐτοῦ τὸ ἐνύπνιον καὶ ἰδοὺ φωναὶ καὶ θόρυβος βρονταὶ καὶ σεισμός τάραχος ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἰδοὺ δύο δράκοντες μεγάλοι ἕτοιμοι προῆλθον ἀμφότεροι παλαίειν καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτῶν φωνὴ μεγάλη καὶ τῇ φωνῇ αὐτῶν ἡτοιμάσθη πᾶν ἔθνος εἰς πόλεμον ὥστε πολεμῆσαι δικαίων ἔθνος καὶ ἰδοὺ ἡμέρα σκότους καὶ γνόφου θλῖψις καὶ στενοχωρία κάκωσις καὶ τάραχος μέγας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐταράχθη δίκαιον πᾶν ἔθνος φοβούμενοι τὰ ἑαυτῶν κακὰ καὶ ἡτοιμάσθησαν ἀπολέσθαι καὶ ἐβόησαν πρὸς τὸν θεόν ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς βοῆς αὐτῶν ἐγένετο ὡσανεὶ ἀπὸ μικρᾶς πηγῆς ποταμὸς μέγας ὕδωρ πολύ φῶς καὶ ὁ ἥλιος ἀνέτειλεν καὶ οἱ ταπεινοὶ ὑψώθησαν καὶ κατέφαγον τοὺς ἐνδόξους καὶ διεγερθεὶς Μαρδοχαῖος ὁ ἑωρακὼς τὸ ἐνύπνιον τοῦτο καὶ τί ὁ θεὸς βεβούλευται ποιῆσαι εἶχεν αὐτὸ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ καὶ ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ ἤθελεν ἐπιγνῶναι αὐτὸ ἕως τῆς νυκτός καὶ ἡσύχασεν Μαρδοχαῖος ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ μετὰ Γαβαθα καὶ Θαρρα τῶν δύο εὐνούχων τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν φυλασσόντων τὴν αὐλὴν ἤκουσέν τε αὐτῶν τοὺς λογισμοὺς καὶ τὰς μερίμνας αὐτῶν ἐξηρεύνησεν καὶ ἔμαθεν ὅτι ἑτοιμάζουσιν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπιβαλεῖν Ἀρταξέρξῃ τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ ὑπέδειξεν τῷ βασιλεῖ περὶ αὐτῶν καὶ ἐξήτασεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοὺς δύο εὐνούχους καὶ ὁμολογήσαντες ἀπήχθησαν καὶ ἔγραψεν ὁ βασιλεὺς τοὺς λόγους τούτους εἰς μνημόσυνον καὶ Μαρδοχαῖος ἔγραψεν περὶ τῶν λόγων τούτων καὶ ἐπέταξεν ὁ βασιλεὺς Μαρδοχαίῳ θεραπεύειν ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ δόματα περὶ τούτων καὶ ἦν Αμαν Αμαδαθου Βουγαῖος ἔνδοξος ἐνώπιον τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐζήτησεν κακοποιῆσαι τὸν Μαρδοχαῖον καὶ τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ ὑπὲρ τῶν δύο εὐνούχων τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐγένετο μετὰ τοὺς λόγους τούτους ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἀρταξέρξου οὗτος ὁ Ἀρταξέρξης ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι ἑπτὰ χωρῶν ἐκράτησεν
In the second year of the reign of Artaxerxes the Great, on the first day of Nisan, Mordecai son of Jair son of Shimei son of Kish, a Jewish man of the tribe of Benjamin, dwelling in Susa the city, a great man serving in the king's court, saw a dream. He was from the captivity that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had carried away from Jerusalem with Jeconiah king of Judah. And this was his dream: behold, voices and uproar, thunders and earthquake, tumult upon the earth. And behold, two great dragons came forward, both ready to fight, and their cry was great. At their cry every nation was prepared for war, to make war against a nation of righteous men. And behold, a day of darkness and gloom, affliction and distress, suffering and great tumult upon the earth. And the whole righteous nation was troubled, fearing the evils that were theirs, and they prepared to perish, and they cried out to God. But from their cry there came, as it were from a little spring, a great river, abundant water; light and the sun arose, and the lowly were exalted and devoured the glorious. When Mordecai, who had seen this dream and what God had determined to do, was aroused, he kept it in his heart and wished in every matter to understand it until the night. Mordecai took his rest in the court with Gabatha and Tharra, the king's two eunuchs who guarded the court. He heard their schemes and investigated their anxieties, and learned that they were preparing to lay hands on King Artaxerxes, and he informed the king about them. The king examined the two eunuchs, and after they confessed they were led away. The king wrote these matters in a memorial, and Mordecai wrote concerning these matters. The king ordered Mordecai to serve in the court and gave him gifts for these things. And Haman son of Hamadathos the Bougaean was honored before the king, and he sought to harm Mordecai and his people because of the king's two eunuchs. And after these things, in the days of Artaxerxes, this Artaxerxes ruled over one hundred twenty-seven provinces from India onward.
The Septuagint opens with Mordecai's dream, the assassination plot, and Haman's resentment, so the book begins under a providential sign of conflict and reversal before the court narrative proper starts.
Word-by-word analysis· 321 words
ἔτουςyearN3E GSN · ἔτοςhead noun within the clauseἔτος: lexical item rendered 'year' in this chapter's immediate context.
δευτέρουsecondA1A GSN · δεύτεροςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseδεύτερος: lexical item rendered 'second' in this chapter's immediate context.
βασιλεύοντοςreigningV1 · παπγσμ βασιλεύωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπαπγσμ βασιλεύω: verbal form rendered 'reigning' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςproper name within the clause or listἈρταξέρξης: proper name rendered 'Artaxerxes' in the Esther court narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μιᾷoneA1A DSF · εἷςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseεἷς: lexical item rendered 'one' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΝισαNisanN GSM · Νισαproper name within the clause or listΝισα: proper name rendered 'Nisan' in the Esther court narrative.
ἐνύπνιονdreamN2N ASN · ἐνύπνιονhead noun within the clauseἐνύπνιον: lexical item rendered 'dream' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clauseὁράω: verbal form rendered 'saw' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ΜαρδοχαῖοςMordecaiN2 NSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςproper name within the clause or listΜαρδοχαῖος: proper name rendered 'Mordecai' in the Esther court narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙαϊρουJairN2 GSM · Ιαϊροςproper name within the clause or listΙαϊρος: proper name rendered 'Jair' in the Esther court narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΣεμεϊουShimeiN1M GSM · Σεμεϊαςproper name within the clause or listΣεμεϊας: proper name rendered 'Shimei' in the Esther court narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΚισαιουKishN1M GSM · Κισαιαςproper name within the clause or listΚισαιας: proper name rendered 'Kish' in the Esther court narrative.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's immediate context.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήhead noun within the clauseφυλή: lexical item rendered 'tribe' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνproper name within the clause or listΒενιαμίν: proper name rendered 'Benjamin' in the Esther court narrative.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςhead noun within the clauseἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'man / human being' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΙουδαῖοςJewN2 NSM · Ἰουδαῖοςproper name within the clause or listἸουδαῖος: proper name rendered 'Jew' in the Esther court narrative.
οἰκῶνdwellV2 · παπνσμ οἰκέωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπαπνσμ οἰκέω: verbal form rendered 'dwell' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΣούσοιςSusaN DPN · Σουσάproper name within the clause or listΣουσά: proper name rendered 'Susa' in the Esther court narrative.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςhead noun within the clauseπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςhead noun within the clauseἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'man / human being' in this chapter's immediate context.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's immediate context.
θεραπεύωνservingV1 · παπνσμ θεραπεύωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπαπνσμ θεραπεύω: verbal form rendered 'serving' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήhead noun within the clauseαὐλή: lexical item rendered 'court' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'was' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseδέ: 'but'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαhead noun within the clauseαἰχμαλωσία: lexical item rendered 'captivity' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςhead noun within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'who / which' in this chapter's immediate context.
ᾐχμαλώτευσενtake captiveVAI AAI3S · αἰχμαλωτεύωfinite verb advancing the clauseαἰχμαλωτεύω: verbal form rendered 'take captive' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the clause or listΝαβουχοδονοσορ: proper name rendered 'Nebuchadnezzar' in the Esther court narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
Βαβυλῶνοςof BabylonN3W GSM · Βαβυλώνproper name within the clause or listΒαβυλών: proper name rendered 'of Babylon' in the Esther court narrative.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phraseἐκ: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name within the clause or listἸερουσαλήμ: proper name rendered 'Jerusalem' in the Esther court narrative.
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετά: 'after'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΙεχονιουJechoniasN GSM · Ιεχονιαςproper name within the clause or listΙεχονιας: proper name rendered 'Jechonias' in the Esther court narrative.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαproper name within the clause or listἸουδαία: proper name rendered 'Judea' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦthisRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐνύπνιονdreamN2N NSN · ἐνύπνιονhead noun within the clauseἐνύπνιον: lexical item rendered 'dream' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούelement contributing to the clause structureἰδού: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's immediate context.
φωναὶvoiceN1 NPF · φωνήhead noun within the clauseφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
θόρυβοςuproarN2 NSM · θόρυβοςhead noun within the clauseθόρυβος: lexical item rendered 'uproar' in this chapter's immediate context.
βρονταὶthunderN1 NPF · βροντήhead noun within the clauseβροντή: lexical item rendered 'thunder' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
σεισμόςearthquakeN2 NSM · σεισμόςhead noun within the clauseσεισμός: lexical item rendered 'earthquake' in this chapter's immediate context.
τάραχοςtumultN2 NSM · τάραχοςhead noun within the clauseτάραχος: lexical item rendered 'tumult' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: 'upon'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆhead noun within the clauseγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούelement contributing to the clause structureἰδού: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's immediate context.
δύοtwoM · δύοelement contributing to the clause structureδύο: lexical item rendered 'two' in this chapter's immediate context.
δράκοντεςdragonN3 NPM · δράκωνhead noun within the clauseδράκων: lexical item rendered 'dragon' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεγάλοιgreatA1 NPM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἕτοιμοιreadyA1 NPM · ἕτοιμοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἕτοιμος: lexical item rendered 'ready' in this chapter's immediate context.
προῆλθονcome forwardVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + προfinite verb advancing the clauseἔρχομαι + προ: verbal form rendered 'come forward' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἀμφότεροιbothA1A NPM · ἀμφότεροιadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἀμφότεροι: lexical item rendered 'both' in this chapter's immediate context.
παλαίεινwrestledVB AAN · παλαίωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultπαλαίω: verbal form rendered 'wrestled' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'it came to pass' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτῶνtheseRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
φωνὴvoiceN1 NSF · φωνήhead noun within the clauseφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice' in this chapter's immediate context.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήhead noun within the clauseφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῶνtheseRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἡτοιμάσθηprepareVCI API3S · ἑτοιμάζωfinite verb advancing the clauseἑτοιμάζω: verbal form rendered 'prepare' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔθνοςnationsN3E NSN · ἔθνοςhead noun within the clauseἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nations' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: 'into'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςhead noun within the clauseπόλεμος: lexical item rendered 'war' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseὥστε: 'so that'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
πολεμῆσαιmake war / fightVA AAN · πολεμέωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultπολεμέω: verbal form rendered 'make war / fight' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
δικαίωνrighteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseδίκαιος: lexical item rendered 'righteous' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςhead noun within the clauseἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούelement contributing to the clause structureἰδού: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραhead noun within the clauseἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's immediate context.
σκότουςdarknessN3E GSN · σκότοςhead noun within the clauseσκότος: lexical item rendered 'darkness' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
γνόφουgloomN2 GSM · γνόφοςhead noun within the clauseγνόφος: lexical item rendered 'gloom' in this chapter's immediate context.
θλῖψιςafflictionN3I NSF · θλῖψιςhead noun within the clauseθλῖψις: lexical item rendered 'affliction' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
στενοχωρίαdistressN1A NSF · στενοχωρίαhead noun within the clauseστενοχωρία: lexical item rendered 'distress' in this chapter's immediate context.
κάκωσιςafflictionN3I NSF · κάκωσιςhead noun within the clauseκάκωσις: lexical item rendered 'affliction' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τάραχοςtumultN2 NSM · τάραχοςhead noun within the clauseτάραχος: lexical item rendered 'tumult' in this chapter's immediate context.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: 'upon'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆhead noun within the clauseγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐταράχθηtroubleVQI API3S · ταράσσωfinite verb advancing the clauseταράσσω: verbal form rendered 'trouble' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
δίκαιονrighteousA1A NSN · δίκαιοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseδίκαιος: lexical item rendered 'righteous' in this chapter's immediate context.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔθνοςnationsN3E NSN · ἔθνοςhead noun within the clauseἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nations' in this chapter's immediate context.
φοβούμενοιphobeoV2 · πμπνπμ φοβέωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπμπνπμ φοβέω: verbal form rendered 'phobeo' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἑαυτῶνtheseRD GPM · ἑαυτοῦdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseἑαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
κακὰevils / calamityA1 APN · κακόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseκακός: lexical item rendered 'evils / calamity' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἡτοιμάσθησανpreparedVCI API3P · ἑτοιμάζωfinite verb advancing the clauseἑτοιμάζω: verbal form rendered 'prepared' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἀπολέσθαιperishVA AMN · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action of the clauseὀλλύω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'perish' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐβόησανcry outVAI AAI3P · βοάωfinite verb advancing the clauseβοάω: verbal form rendered 'cry out' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: 'to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: 'from'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
δὲbutX · δέcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseδέ: 'but'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βοῆςoutcryN1 GSF · βοήhead noun within the clauseβοή: lexical item rendered 'outcry' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῶνtheseRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'it came to pass' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὡσανεὶas ifD · ὡσανείadverb qualifying the clauseὡσανεί: 'as if'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: 'from'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
μικρᾶςsmall / insignificantA1A GSF · μικρόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμικρός: lexical item rendered 'small / insignificant' in this chapter's immediate context.
πηγῆςpegeN1 GSF · πηγήhead noun within the clauseπηγή: lexical item rendered 'pege' in this chapter's immediate context.
ποταμὸςriverN2 NSM · ποταμόςhead noun within the clauseποταμός: lexical item rendered 'river' in this chapter's immediate context.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμέγας: lexical item rendered 'great' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρhead noun within the clauseὕδωρ: lexical item rendered 'water' in this chapter's immediate context.
πολύmuchA1P NSN · πολύςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπολύς: lexical item rendered 'much' in this chapter's immediate context.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςhead noun within the clauseφῶς: lexical item rendered 'light' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςhead noun within the clauseἥλιος: lexical item rendered 'sun' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀνέτειλενgrow / riseVAI AAI3S · τέλλω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clauseτέλλω + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'grow / rise' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ταπεινοὶlowlyA1 NPM · ταπεινόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseταπεινός: lexical item rendered 'lowly' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὑψώθησανexaltVCI API3P · ὑψόωfinite verb advancing the clauseὑψόω: verbal form rendered 'exalt' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
κατέφαγονconsumeVBI AAI3P · ἐσθίω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseἐσθίω + κατα: verbal form rendered 'consume' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐνδόξουςhonored / held in honorA1B APM · ἔνδοξοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἔνδοξος: lexical item rendered 'honored / held in honor' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
διεγερθεὶςawakenedVC · αππνσμ ἐγείρω + διαparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveαππνσμ ἐγείρω + δια: verbal form rendered 'awakened' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ΜαρδοχαῖοςMordecaiN2 NSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςproper name within the clause or listΜαρδοχαῖος: proper name rendered 'Mordecai' in the Esther court narrative.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἑωρακὼςhaving seenVX · χαπνσμ ὁράωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveχαπνσμ ὁράω: verbal form rendered 'having seen' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐνύπνιονdreamN2N ASN · ἐνύπνιονhead noun within the clauseἐνύπνιον: lexical item rendered 'dream' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςhead noun within the clauseτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clauseθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' in this chapter's immediate context.
βεβούλευταιtook counselVM XMI3S · βουλεύωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseβουλεύω: verbal form rendered 'took counsel' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ποιῆσαιdoVA AAN · ποιέωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
εἶχενpmpdsph echoV1I IAI3S · ἔχωfinite verb advancing the clauseἔχω: verbal form rendered 'pmpdsph echo' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτὸthisRD ASN · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαhead noun within the clauseκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'heart' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
λόγῳwordsN2 DSM · λόγοςhead noun within the clauseλόγος: lexical item rendered 'words' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἤθελενwilledV1I IAI3S · θέλωfinite verb advancing the clauseθέλω: verbal form rendered 'willed' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἐπιγνῶναιto find outVZ AAN · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'to find out' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτὸthisRD ASN · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phraseἕως: lexical item rendered 'until' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
νυκτόςnightN3 GSF · νύξhead noun within the clauseνύξ: lexical item rendered 'night' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἡσύχασενwas at rest / was quietVA AAI3S · ἡσυχάζωfinite verb advancing the clauseἡσυχάζω: verbal form rendered 'was at rest / was quiet' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ΜαρδοχαῖοςMordecaiN2 NSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςproper name within the clause or listΜαρδοχαῖος: proper name rendered 'Mordecai' in the Esther court narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήhead noun within the clauseαὐλή: lexical item rendered 'court' in this chapter's immediate context.
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετά: 'after'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΓαβαθαGabathaN GSM · Γαβαθαproper name within the clause or listΓαβαθα: proper name rendered 'Gabatha' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΘαρραTharraN GSM · Θαρραproper name within the clause or listΘαρρα: proper name rendered 'Tharra' in the Esther court narrative.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δύοtwoM · δύοelement contributing to the clause structureδύο: lexical item rendered 'two' in this chapter's immediate context.
εὐνούχωνeunuchN2 GPM · εὐνοῦχοςhead noun within the clauseεὐνοῦχος: lexical item rendered 'eunuch' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φυλασσόντωνguardingV1 · παπγπμ φυλάσσωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπαπγπμ φυλάσσω: verbal form rendered 'guarding' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αὐλὴνcourtN1 ASF · αὐλήhead noun within the clauseαὐλή: lexical item rendered 'court' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἤκουσένhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the clauseἀκούω: verbal form rendered 'hear' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τεandX TEcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseτε: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
αὐτῶνtheseRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λογισμοὺςschemesN2 APM · λογισμόςhead noun within the clauseλογισμός: lexical item rendered 'schemes' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
μερίμναςanxietiesN1A APF · μέριμναhead noun within the clauseμέριμνα: lexical item rendered 'anxieties' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῶνtheseRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐξηρεύνησενsearch outVAI AAI3S · ἐρευνάω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clauseἐρευνάω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'search out' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἔμαθενlearnVBI AAI3S · μανθάνωfinite verb advancing the clauseμανθάνω: verbal form rendered 'learn' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseὅτι: lexical item rendered 'that' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἑτοιμάζουσινpreparedV1 PAI3P · ἑτοιμάζωfinite verb advancing the clauseἑτοιμάζω: verbal form rendered 'prepared' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρhead noun within the clauseχείρ: lexical item rendered 'hands' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπιβαλεῖνcast / setVB AAN · βάλλω + ἐπιverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultβάλλω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'cast / set' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἈρταξέρξῃArtaxerxesN1M DSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςproper name within the clause or listἈρταξέρξης: proper name rendered 'Artaxerxes' in the Esther court narrative.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ὑπέδειξενreportVAI AAI3S · δεικνύω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the clauseδεικνύω + ὑπο: verbal form rendered 'report' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing the following phraseπερί: 'concerning'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
αὐτῶνtheseRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐξήτασενexamineVAI AAI3S · ἐτάζω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clauseἐτάζω + ἐκ: verbal form rendered 'examine' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δύοtwoM · δύοelement contributing to the clause structureδύο: lexical item rendered 'two' in this chapter's immediate context.
εὐνούχουςeunuchN2 APM · εὐνοῦχοςhead noun within the clauseεὐνοῦχος: lexical item rendered 'eunuch' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ὁμολογήσαντεςconfessingVA · ααπνπμ ὁμολογέωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseααπνπμ ὁμολογέω: verbal form rendered 'confessing' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἀπήχθησανbrought / led awayVQI API3P · ἄγω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clauseἄγω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'brought / led away' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἔγραψενwriteVAI AAI3S · γράφωfinite verb advancing the clauseγράφω: verbal form rendered 'write' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςhead noun within the clauseλόγος: lexical item rendered 'words' in this chapter's immediate context.
τούτουςtheseRD APM · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: 'into'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N ASN · μνημόσυνονhead noun within the clauseμνημόσυνον: lexical item rendered 'memorial' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΜαρδοχαῖοςMordecaiN2 NSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςproper name within the clause or listΜαρδοχαῖος: proper name rendered 'Mordecai' in the Esther court narrative.
ἔγραψενwriteVAI AAI3S · γράφωfinite verb advancing the clauseγράφω: verbal form rendered 'write' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing the following phraseπερί: 'concerning'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λόγωνwordsN2 GPM · λόγοςhead noun within the clauseλόγος: lexical item rendered 'words' in this chapter's immediate context.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐπέταξενcommandedVAI AAI3S · τάσσω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseτάσσω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'commanded' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΜαρδοχαίῳMordecaiN2 DSM · Μαρδοχαῖοςproper name within the clause or listΜαρδοχαῖος: proper name rendered 'Mordecai' in the Esther court narrative.
θεραπεύεινminister toV1 PAN · θεραπεύωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultθεραπεύω: verbal form rendered 'minister to' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήhead noun within the clauseαὐλή: lexical item rendered 'court' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the clauseδίδωμι: verbal form rendered 'give' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτῷthisRD DSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
δόματαdomaN3M APN · δόμαhead noun within the clauseδόμα: lexical item rendered 'doma' in this chapter's immediate context.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing the following phraseπερί: 'concerning'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τούτωνtheseRD GPN · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'was' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ΑμανHamanN NSM · Αμανproper name within the clause or listΑμαν: proper name rendered 'Haman' in the Esther court narrative.
ΑμαδαθουHamadathosN2 GSM · Αμαδαθοςproper name within the clause or listΑμαδαθος: proper name rendered 'Hamadathos' in the Esther court narrative.
ΒουγαῖοςBougaeanN2 NSM · Βουγαῖοςproper name within the clause or listΒουγαῖος: proper name rendered 'Bougaean' in the Esther court narrative.
ἔνδοξοςhonored / held in honorA1B NSM · ἔνδοξοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἔνδοξος: lexical item rendered 'honored / held in honor' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing the following phraseἐνώπιον: lexical item rendered 'before' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐζήτησενsoughtVAI AAI3S · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the clauseζητέω: verbal form rendered 'sought' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
κακοποιῆσαιdo harmVA AAN · κακοποιέωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultκακοποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do harm' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΜαρδοχαῖονMordecaiN2 ASM · Μαρδοχαῖοςproper name within the clause or listΜαρδοχαῖος: proper name rendered 'Mordecai' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςhead noun within the clauseλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦthisRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phraseὑπέρ: lexical item rendered 'for / on behalf of' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δύοtwoM · δύοelement contributing to the clause structureδύο: lexical item rendered 'two' in this chapter's immediate context.
εὐνούχωνeunuchN2 GPM · εὐνοῦχοςhead noun within the clauseεὐνοῦχος: lexical item rendered 'eunuch' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'it came to pass' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετά: 'after'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λόγουςwordsN2 APM · λόγοςhead noun within the clauseλόγος: lexical item rendered 'words' in this chapter's immediate context.
τούτουςtheseRD APM · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραhead noun within the clauseἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςproper name within the clause or listἈρταξέρξης: proper name rendered 'Artaxerxes' in the Esther court narrative.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἈρταξέρξηςArtaxerxesN1M NSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςproper name within the clause or listἈρταξέρξης: proper name rendered 'Artaxerxes' in the Esther court narrative.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: 'from'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἸνδικῆςIndiaN1 GSF · Ἰνδικήproper name within the clause or listἸνδική: proper name rendered 'India' in the Esther court narrative.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνelement contributing to the clause structureἑκατόν: lexical item rendered 'a hundred' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιelement contributing to the clause structureεἴκοσι: lexical item rendered 'twenty' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάelement contributing to the clause structureἑπτά: lexical item rendered 'seven' in this chapter's immediate context.
χωρῶνprovinceN1A GPF · χώραhead noun within the clauseχώρα: lexical item rendered 'province' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐκράτησενholding powerVAI AAI3S · κρατέωfinite verb advancing the clauseκρατέω: verbal form rendered 'holding power' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
2
ἐν αὐταῖς ταῖς ἡμέραις ὅτε ἐθρονίσθη ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀρταξέρξης ἐν Σούσοις τῇ πόλει
In those days, when King Artaxerxes was enthroned in Susa the city,
The narrative shifts from the compressed prologue to the historical court setting, placing Artaxerxes on the throne in Susa.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
αὐταῖςtheseRD DPF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραhead noun within the clauseἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverb qualifying the clauseὅτε: 'when'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐθρονίσθηwas enthronedVCI API3S · θρονίζωfinite verb advancing the clauseθρονίζω: verbal form rendered 'was enthroned' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἈρταξέρξηςArtaxerxesN1M NSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςproper name within the clause or listἈρταξέρξης: proper name rendered 'Artaxerxes' in the Esther court narrative.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΣούσοιςSusaN DPN · Σουσάproper name within the clause or listΣουσά: proper name rendered 'Susa' in the Esther court narrative.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςhead noun within the clauseπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' in this chapter's immediate context.
3
ἐν τῷ τρίτῳ ἔτει βασιλεύοντος αὐτοῦ δοχὴν ἐποίησεν τοῖς φίλοις καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν καὶ τοῖς Περσῶν καὶ Μήδων ἐνδόξοις καὶ τοῖς ἄρχουσιν τῶν σατραπῶν
in the third year of his reign he made a banquet for his friends and for the other nations, and for the nobles of the Persians and Medes and the rulers of the satrapies,
The king's banquet gathers imperial elites and publicly stages the breadth of his rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τρίτῳthe third (day)A1 DSN · τρίτοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτρίτος: lexical item rendered 'the third (day)' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔτειyearsN3E DSN · ἔτοςhead noun within the clauseἔτος: lexical item rendered 'years' in this chapter's immediate context.
βασιλεύοντοςreigningV1 · παπγσμ βασιλεύωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπαπγσμ βασιλεύω: verbal form rendered 'reigning' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτοῦthisRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
δοχὴνbanquetN1 ASF · δοχήhead noun within the clauseδοχή: lexical item rendered 'banquet' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐποίησενdoVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φίλοιςfriendA1 DPM · φίλοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseφίλος: lexical item rendered 'friend' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λοιποῖςthe restA1 DPN · λοιπόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseλοιπός: lexical item rendered 'the rest' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςhead noun within the clauseἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΠερσῶνPersianN1S GPM · Πέρσηςproper name within the clause or listΠέρσης: proper name rendered 'Persian' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΜήδωνMedeN2 GPM · Μῆδοιproper name within the clause or listΜῆδοι: proper name rendered 'Mede' in the Esther court narrative.
ἐνδόξοιςhonored / held in honorA1B DPM · ἔνδοξοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἔνδοξος: lexical item rendered 'honored / held in honor' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄρχουσινruler / commanderN3 DPM · ἄρχωνhead noun within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'ruler / commander' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
σατραπῶνsatrapiesN1M GPM · σατράπηςhead noun within the clauseσατράπης: lexical item rendered 'satrapies' in this chapter's immediate context.
4
καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα μετὰ τὸ δεῖξαι αὐτοῖς τὸν πλοῦτον τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν δόξαν τῆς εὐφροσύνης τοῦ πλούτου αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ ἡμέρας ἑκατὸν ὀγδοήκοντα
and after this, after showing them the wealth of his kingdom and the splendor of the gladness of his abundance, he did so for one hundred and eighty days.
The feast is interpreted as a sustained exhibition of wealth and royal splendor rather than a brief occasion.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετά: 'after'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ταῦταtheseRD APN · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετά: 'after'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δεῖξαιshowVA AAN · δεικνύωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultδεικνύω: verbal form rendered 'show' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτοῖςtheseRD DPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πλοῦτονrichesN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςhead noun within the clauseπλοῦτος: lexical item rendered 'riches' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαhead noun within the clauseβασιλεία: lexical item rendered 'kingdom' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦthisRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαhead noun within the clauseδόξα: lexical item rendered 'glory' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὐφροσύνηςgladnessN1 GSF · εὐφροσύνηhead noun within the clauseεὐφροσύνη: lexical item rendered 'gladness' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πλούτουwealthN2 GSM · πλοῦτοςhead noun within the clauseπλοῦτος: lexical item rendered 'wealth' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦthisRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: 'upon'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἡμέραςdayN1A APF · ἡμέραhead noun within the clauseἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνelement contributing to the clause structureἑκατόν: lexical item rendered 'a hundred' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὀγδοήκονταeightyM · ὀγδοήκονταelement contributing to the clause structureὀγδοήκοντα: lexical item rendered 'eighty' in this chapter's immediate context.
5
ὅτε δὲ ἀνεπληρώθησαν αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ γάμου ἐποίησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς πότον τοῖς ἔθνεσιν τοῖς εὑρεθεῖσιν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἐπὶ ἡμέρας ἓξ ἐν αὐλῇ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως
And when the days of the feast were completed, the king made a drinking banquet for the peoples who were present in the city for six days in the court of the king's house,
After the long display to imperial dignitaries, the king turns to a six-day drinking feast inside the palace court for those present in the city.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverb qualifying the clauseὅτε: 'when'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
δὲbutX · δέcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseδέ: 'but'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀνεπληρώθησανcompleteVCI API3P · πληρόω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clauseπληρόω + ἀνα: verbal form rendered 'complete' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραhead noun within the clauseἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γάμουbanquetN2 GSM · γάμοςhead noun within the clauseγάμος: lexical item rendered 'banquet' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐποίησενdoVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
πότονbanquetN2 ASM · πότοςhead noun within the clauseπότος: lexical item rendered 'banquet' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςhead noun within the clauseἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὑρεθεῖσινfoundVC · αππδπν εὑρίσκωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveαππδπν εὑρίσκω: verbal form rendered 'found' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: 'into'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςhead noun within the clauseπόλις: lexical item rendered 'city' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: 'upon'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἡμέραςdayN1A APF · ἡμέραhead noun within the clauseἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἓξsixM · ἕξelement contributing to the clause structureἕξ: lexical item rendered 'six' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
αὐλῇcourtN1 DSF · αὐλήhead noun within the clauseαὐλή: lexical item rendered 'court' in this chapter's immediate context.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clauseοἶκος: lexical item rendered 'house' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
6
κεκοσμημένῃ βυσσίνοις καὶ καρπασίνοις τεταμένοις ἐπὶ σχοινίοις βυσσίνοις καὶ πορφυροῖς ἐπὶ κύβοις χρυσοῖς καὶ ἀργυροῖς ἐπὶ στύλοις παρίνοις καὶ λιθίνοις κλῖναι χρυσαῖ καὶ ἀργυραῖ ἐπὶ λιθοστρώτου σμαραγδίτου λίθου καὶ πιννίνου καὶ παρίνου λίθου καὶ στρωμναὶ διαφανεῖς ποικίλως διηνθισμέναι κύκλῳ ῥόδα πεπασμένα
adorned with linen and cotton hangings stretched on linen and purple cords over golden and silver fittings, upon marble and stone pillars; there were gold and silver couches upon a pavement of emerald stone and pearl and marble stone, with transparent coverlets embroidered in many colors and roses strewn all around.
The verse lingers over fabrics, stonework, couches, and floral decoration in order to display the opulence of Persian court life.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
κεκοσμημένῃadornedVM · χμπδσφ κοσμέωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveχμπδσφ κοσμέω: verbal form rendered 'adorned' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
βυσσίνοιςlinenA1 DPM · βύσσινοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseβύσσινος: lexical item rendered 'linen' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
καρπασίνοιςcotton-whiteN2 DPM · καρπάσινοςhead noun within the clauseκαρπάσινος: lexical item rendered 'cotton-white' in this chapter's immediate context.
τεταμένοιςstretchedVM · χμπδπμ τείνωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveχμπδπμ τείνω: verbal form rendered 'stretched' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: 'upon'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
σχοινίοιςcordsN2 DPN · σχοινίονhead noun within the clauseσχοινίον: lexical item rendered 'cords' in this chapter's immediate context.
βυσσίνοιςlinenA1 DPN · βύσσινοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseβύσσινος: lexical item rendered 'linen' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
πορφυροῖςpurpleA1C DPN · πορφύρεοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπορφύρεος: lexical item rendered 'purple' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: 'upon'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
κύβοιςfittingsN2 DPM · κύβοςhead noun within the clauseκύβος: lexical item rendered 'fittings' in this chapter's immediate context.
χρυσοῖςgoldenA1C DPM · χρυσοῦςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseχρυσοῦς: lexical item rendered 'golden' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀργυροῖςsilverA1C DPM · ἀργυροῦςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἀργυροῦς: lexical item rendered 'silver' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: 'upon'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
στύλοιςpillarN2 DPM · στῦλοςhead noun within the clauseστῦλος: lexical item rendered 'pillar' in this chapter's immediate context.
παρίνοιςmarbleA1 DPM · πάρινοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπάρινος: lexical item rendered 'marble' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
λιθίνοιςstoneA1 DPM · λίθινοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseλίθινος: lexical item rendered 'stone' in this chapter's immediate context.
κλῖναιbedN1 NPF · κλίνηhead noun within the clauseκλίνη: lexical item rendered 'bed' in this chapter's immediate context.
χρυσαῖgoldenA1C NPF · χρυσοῦςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseχρυσοῦς: lexical item rendered 'golden' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀργυραῖsilverA1C NPF · ἀργυροῦςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἀργυροῦς: lexical item rendered 'silver' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phraseἐπί: 'upon'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
λιθοστρώτουpaved courtA1B GSM · λιθόστρωτοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseλιθόστρωτος: lexical item rendered 'paved court' in this chapter's immediate context.
σμαραγδίτουemeraldN1M GSM · σμαραγδίτηςhead noun within the clauseσμαραγδίτης: lexical item rendered 'emerald' in this chapter's immediate context.
λίθουstoneN2 GSM · λίθοςhead noun within the clauseλίθος: lexical item rendered 'stone' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
πιννίνουpearlN2 GSM · πίννινοςhead noun within the clauseπίννινος: lexical item rendered 'pearl' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
παρίνουmarbleN2N GSN · πάρινοςhead noun within the clauseπάρινος: lexical item rendered 'marble' in this chapter's immediate context.
λίθουstoneN2 GSM · λίθοςhead noun within the clauseλίθος: lexical item rendered 'stone' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
στρωμναὶcoverletsN1 NPF · στρωμνήhead noun within the clauseστρωμνή: lexical item rendered 'coverlets' in this chapter's immediate context.
διαφανεῖςtransparentA3H NPF · διαφανήςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseδιαφανής: lexical item rendered 'transparent' in this chapter's immediate context.
ποικίλωςvariouslyD · ποικίλωςadverb qualifying the clauseποικίλως: lexical item rendered 'variously' in this chapter's immediate context.
διηνθισμέναιembroideredVA · αμπνπφ ἀνθίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action of the clauseαμπνπφ ἀνθίζω + δια: verbal form rendered 'embroidered' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
κύκλῳall aroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςhead noun within the clauseκύκλος: lexical item rendered 'all around' in this chapter's immediate context.
ῥόδαrosesN2N APN · ῥόδονhead noun within the clauseῥόδον: lexical item rendered 'roses' in this chapter's immediate context.
πεπασμέναstrewnVM · χμπαπν πάσσωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveχμπαπν πάσσω: verbal form rendered 'strewn' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
7
ποτήρια χρυσᾶ καὶ ἀργυρᾶ καὶ ἀνθράκινον κυλίκιον προκείμενον ἀπὸ ταλάντων τρισμυρίων οἶνος πολὺς καὶ ἡδύς ὃν αὐτὸς ὁ βασιλεὺς ἔπινεν
There were golden and silver cups, and a carbuncle cup set out worth thirty thousand talents, and wine plentiful and sweet, such as the king himself drank.
Luxury extends to the drinking vessels and the abundance of royal wine.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ποτήριαcupsN2N NPN · ποτήριονhead noun within the clauseποτήριον: lexical item rendered 'cups' in this chapter's immediate context.
χρυσᾶgoldenA1C NPN · χρυσοῦςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseχρυσοῦς: lexical item rendered 'golden' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀργυρᾶsilverA1C NPN · ἀργυροῦςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἀργυροῦς: lexical item rendered 'silver' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀνθράκινονcarbuncle-redA1A NSN · ἀνθράκινοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἀνθράκινος: lexical item rendered 'carbuncle-red' in this chapter's immediate context.
κυλίκιονcupN2N NSN · κυλίκιονhead noun within the clauseκυλίκιον: lexical item rendered 'cup' in this chapter's immediate context.
προκείμενονset outV5 · πμπνσν κεῖμαι + προparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπμπνσν κεῖμαι + προ: verbal form rendered 'set out' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: 'from'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ταλάντωνtalentN2 GPN · τάλαντονhead noun within the clauseτάλαντον: lexical item rendered 'talent' in this chapter's immediate context.
τρισμυρίωνthirty-thousandA1 GPN · τρισμύριοιadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseτρισμύριοι: lexical item rendered 'thirty-thousand' in this chapter's immediate context.
οἶνοςwineN2 NSM · οἶνοςhead noun within the clauseοἶνος: lexical item rendered 'wine' in this chapter's immediate context.
πολὺςmuchA1P NSM · πολύςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπολύς: lexical item rendered 'much' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἡδύςsweetA3U NSM · ἡδύςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἡδύς: lexical item rendered 'sweet' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςhead noun within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτὸςthisRD NSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἔπινενdrinkV1I IAI3S · πίνωfinite verb advancing the clauseπίνω: verbal form rendered 'drink' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
8
ὁ δὲ πότος οὗτος οὐ κατὰ προκείμενον νόμον ἐγένετο οὕτως δὲ ἠθέλησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ἐπέταξεν τοῖς οἰκονόμοις ποιῆσαι τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων
And this drinking was not carried out according to any fixed rule; rather, the king so wished and commanded the stewards to do his will and the will of the men.
The narrator comments on the unusual freedom of the feast: the king suspends a fixed drinking rule and lets the revelers drink according to pleasure.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseδέ: 'but'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
πότοςbanquetN2 NSM · πότοςhead noun within the clauseπότος: lexical item rendered 'banquet' in this chapter's immediate context.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverb qualifying the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's immediate context.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατά: 'according to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
προκείμενονprescribedV5 · πμπασμ κεῖμαι + προparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπμπασμ κεῖμαι + προ: verbal form rendered 'prescribed' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςhead noun within the clauseνόμος: lexical item rendered 'law' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseγίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'it came to pass' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverb qualifying the clauseοὕτως: 'thus'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
δὲbutX · δέcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseδέ: 'but'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἠθέλησενwilledVAI AAI3S · θέλωfinite verb advancing the clauseθέλω: verbal form rendered 'willed' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐπέταξενcommandedVAI AAI3S · τάσσω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseτάσσω + ἐπι: verbal form rendered 'commanded' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οἰκονόμοιςstewardN2 DPM · οἰκονόμοςhead noun within the clauseοἰκονόμος: lexical item rendered 'steward' in this chapter's immediate context.
ποιῆσαιdoVA AAN · ποιέωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
θέλημαwillN3M ASN · θέλημαhead noun within the clauseθέλημα: lexical item rendered 'will' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦthisRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςhead noun within the clauseἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'man / human being' in this chapter's immediate context.
9
καὶ Αστιν ἡ βασίλισσα ἐποίησε πότον ταῖς γυναιξὶν ἐν τοῖς βασιλείοις ὅπου ὁ βασιλεὺς Ἀρταξέρξης
And Queen Astin also made a banquet for the women in the palace where King Artaxerxes was.
Astin's separate banquet for women parallels the king's feast and prepares for the conflict that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΑστινAstinN NSF · Αστινproper name within the clause or listΑστιν: proper name rendered 'Astin' in the Esther court narrative.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασίλισσαqueenN1A NSF · βασίλισσαhead noun within the clauseβασίλισσα: lexical item rendered 'queen' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐποίησεdoVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
πότονbanquetN2 ASM · πότοςhead noun within the clauseπότος: lexical item rendered 'banquet' in this chapter's immediate context.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γυναιξὶνwomanN3K DPF · γυνήhead noun within the clauseγυνή: lexical item rendered 'woman' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλείοιςpalaceN2N DPN · βασίλειονhead noun within the clauseβασίλειον: lexical item rendered 'palace' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὅπουwhereX · ὅπουcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseὅπου: lexical item rendered 'where' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἈρταξέρξηςArtaxerxesN1M NSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςproper name within the clause or listἈρταξέρξης: proper name rendered 'Artaxerxes' in the Esther court narrative.
10
ἐν δὲ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ἡδέως γενόμενος ὁ βασιλεὺς εἶπεν τῷ Αμαν καὶ Βαζαν καὶ Θαρρα καὶ Βωραζη καὶ Ζαθολθα καὶ Αβαταζα καὶ Θαραβα τοῖς ἑπτὰ εὐνούχοις τοῖς διακόνοις τοῦ βασιλέως Ἀρταξέρξου
On the seventh day, when the king had become merry, he said to Haman and Bazzan and Tharra and Boraze and Zatholtha and Abataza and Tharaba, the seven eunuchs who served King Artaxerxes,
On the climactic seventh day the king's cheerfulness issues in the summons that will trigger the crisis.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
δὲbutX · δέcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseδέ: 'but'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραhead noun within the clauseἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἑβδόμῃseventhA1 DSF · ἕβδομοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseἕβδομος: lexical item rendered 'seventh' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἡδέωςmerrilyD · ἡδέωςadverb qualifying the clauseἡδέως: lexical item rendered 'merrily' in this chapter's immediate context.
γενόμενοςhaving becomeVB · αμπνσμ γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action of the clauseαμπνσμ γίγνομαι: verbal form rendered 'having become' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΑμανHamanN DSM · Αμανproper name within the clause or listΑμαν: proper name rendered 'Haman' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΒαζανBazzanN DSM · Βαζανproper name within the clause or listΒαζαν: proper name rendered 'Bazzan' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΘαρραTharraN DSM · Θαρραproper name within the clause or listΘαρρα: proper name rendered 'Tharra' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΒωραζηBorazeN DSM · Βωραζηproper name within the clause or listΒωραζη: proper name rendered 'Boraze' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΖαθολθαZatholthaN DSM · Ζαθολθαproper name within the clause or listΖαθολθα: proper name rendered 'Zatholtha' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΑβαταζαAbatazaN DSM · Αβαταζαproper name within the clause or listΑβαταζα: proper name rendered 'Abataza' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΘαραβαTharabaN DSM · Θαραβαproper name within the clause or listΘαραβα: proper name rendered 'Tharaba' in the Esther court narrative.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἑπτὰsevenM · ἑπτάelement contributing to the clause structureἑπτά: lexical item rendered 'seven' in this chapter's immediate context.
εὐνούχοιςeunuchN2 DPM · εὐνοῦχοςhead noun within the clauseεὐνοῦχος: lexical item rendered 'eunuch' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
διακόνοιςattendantsN2 DPM · διάκονοςhead noun within the clauseδιάκονος: lexical item rendered 'attendants' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἈρταξέρξουArtaxerxesN1M GSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςproper name within the clause or listἈρταξέρξης: proper name rendered 'Artaxerxes' in the Esther court narrative.
11
εἰσαγαγεῖν τὴν βασίλισσαν πρὸς αὐτὸν βασιλεύειν αὐτὴν καὶ περιθεῖναι αὐτῇ τὸ διάδημα καὶ δεῖξαι αὐτὴν πᾶσιν τοῖς ἄρχουσιν καὶ τοῖς ἔθνεσιν τὸ κάλλος αὐτῆς ὅτι καλὴ ἦν
to bring the queen in before him, to present her in royal state and to place the diadem on her, and to show her beauty to all the rulers and the nations, because she was beautiful.
The queen is summoned as a spectacle of royal beauty and honor before the assembled rulers and peoples.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
εἰσαγαγεῖνbring inVB AAN · ἄγω + εἰςverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultἄγω + εἰς: verbal form rendered 'bring in' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασίλισσανqueenN1A ASF · βασίλισσαhead noun within the clauseβασίλισσα: lexical item rendered 'queen' in this chapter's immediate context.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: 'to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
αὐτὸνthisRD ASM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
βασιλεύεινto be kingV1 PAN · βασιλεύωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultβασιλεύω: verbal form rendered 'to be king' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτὴνthisRD ASF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
περιθεῖναιplace uponVE AAN · τίθημι + περιverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultτίθημι + περι: verbal form rendered 'place upon' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτῇthisRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
διάδημαdiademN3M ASN · διάδημαhead noun within the clauseδιάδημα: lexical item rendered 'diadem' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
δεῖξαιshowVA AAN · δεικνύωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultδεικνύω: verbal form rendered 'show' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτὴνthisRD ASF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄρχουσινruler / commanderN3 DPM · ἄρχωνhead noun within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'ruler / commander' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςhead noun within the clauseἔθνος: lexical item rendered 'nation' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E ASN · κάλλοςhead noun within the clauseκάλλος: lexical item rendered 'beauty' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῆςthisRD GSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseὅτι: lexical item rendered 'that' in this chapter's immediate context.
καλὴbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseκαλός: lexical item rendered 'beautiful' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clauseεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'was' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
12
καὶ οὐκ εἰσήκουσεν αὐτοῦ Αστιν ἡ βασίλισσα ἐλθεῖν μετὰ τῶν εὐνούχων καὶ ἐλυπήθη ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ ὠργίσθη
But Queen Astin did not obey him to come with the eunuchs, and the king was grieved and became angry.
Astin's refusal punctures the performance of royal control and turns pleasure into anger.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverb qualifying the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰσήκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clauseἀκούω + εἰς: verbal form rendered 'hear' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτοῦthisRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΑστινAstinN NSF · Αστινproper name within the clause or listΑστιν: proper name rendered 'Astin' in the Esther court narrative.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασίλισσαqueenN1A NSF · βασίλισσαhead noun within the clauseβασίλισσα: lexical item rendered 'queen' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultἔρχομαι: verbal form rendered 'to come' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
μετὰafterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phraseμετά: 'after'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὐνούχωνeunuchN2 GPM · εὐνοῦχοςhead noun within the clauseεὐνοῦχος: lexical item rendered 'eunuch' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐλυπήθηgrievedVCI API3S · λυπέωfinite verb advancing the clauseλυπέω: verbal form rendered 'grieved' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ὠργίσθηwas angryVSI API3S · ὀργίζωfinite verb advancing the clauseὀργίζω: verbal form rendered 'was angry' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
13
καὶ εἶπεν τοῖς φίλοις αὐτοῦ κατὰ ταῦτα ἐλάλησεν Αστιν ποιήσατε οὖν περὶ τούτου νόμον καὶ κρίσιν
And he said to his friends, "Since Astin has spoken in this way, therefore make concerning this a law and a judgment."
The king immediately moves from wounded emotion to legal consultation, seeking to translate insult into policy.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
φίλοιςfriendA1 DPM · φίλοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseφίλος: lexical item rendered 'friend' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦthisRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατά: 'according to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ταῦταtheseRD APN · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the clauseλαλέω: verbal form rendered 'spoke' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ΑστινAstinN NSF · Αστινproper name within the clause or listΑστιν: proper name rendered 'Astin' in the Esther court narrative.
ποιήσατεdoVA AAD2P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseοὖν: 'therefore'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition governing the following phraseπερί: 'concerning'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τούτουthisRD GSN · οὗτοςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςhead noun within the clauseνόμος: lexical item rendered 'law' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
κρίσινjudgmentN3I ASF · κρίσιςhead noun within the clauseκρίσις: lexical item rendered 'judgment' in this chapter's immediate context.
14
καὶ προσῆλθεν αὐτῷ Αρκεσαιος καὶ Σαρσαθαιος καὶ Μαλησεαρ οἱ ἄρχοντες Περσῶν καὶ Μήδων οἱ ἐγγὺς τοῦ βασιλέως οἱ πρῶτοι παρακαθήμενοι τῷ βασιλεῖ
And Arkesaios and Sarsathaios and Malesear, the rulers of the Persians and Medes, those near the king who sat in the first places beside the king, approached him,
The named Persian and Median grandees come forward as the advisers who will formalize the response.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
προσῆλθενapproachedVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + προςfinite verb advancing the clauseἔρχομαι + προς: verbal form rendered 'approached' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτῷthisRD DSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΑρκεσαιοςArkesaiosN NSM · Αρκεσαιοςproper name within the clause or listΑρκεσαιος: proper name rendered 'Arkesaios' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΣαρσαθαιοςSarsathaiosN NSM · Σαρσαθαιοςproper name within the clause or listΣαρσαθαιος: proper name rendered 'Sarsathaios' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΜαλησεαρMalesearN NSM · Μαλησεαρproper name within the clause or listΜαλησεαρ: proper name rendered 'Malesear' in the Esther court narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνhead noun within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'rulers' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΠερσῶνPersianN1M GPM · Πέρσηςproper name within the clause or listΠέρσης: proper name rendered 'Persian' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΜήδωνMedeN2 GPM · Μῆδοιproper name within the clause or listΜῆδοι: proper name rendered 'Mede' in the Esther court narrative.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἐγγὺςnearD · ἐγγύςadverb qualifying the clauseἐγγύς: lexical item rendered 'near' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
πρῶτοιfirstA1 NPMS · πρῶτοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπρῶτος: lexical item rendered 'first' in this chapter's immediate context.
παρακαθήμενοιseated besideV5 · πμπνπμ ἧμαι + παρα + καταparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπμπνπμ ἧμαι + παρα + κατα: verbal form rendered 'seated beside' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
15
καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν αὐτῷ κατὰ τοὺς νόμους ὡς δεῖ ποιῆσαι Αστιν τῇ βασιλίσσῃ ὅτι οὐκ ἐποίησεν τὰ ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως προσταχθέντα διὰ τῶν εὐνούχων
and they reported to him, according to the laws, what ought to be done to Queen Astin, because she had not done what was commanded by the king through the eunuchs.
Vashti's refusal is now restated as a matter for law rather than merely a personal offense.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀπήγγειλανreportVAI AAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clauseἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered 'report' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτῷthisRD DSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατά: 'according to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
νόμουςlawN2 APM · νόμοςhead noun within the clauseνόμος: lexical item rendered 'law' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseὡς: 'as'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
δεῖit is necessaryV2 PAI3S · δέωfinite verb advancing the clauseδέω: verbal form rendered 'it is necessary' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ποιῆσαιdoVA AAN · ποιέωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ΑστινAstinN DSF · Αστινproper name within the clause or listΑστιν: proper name rendered 'Astin' in the Esther court narrative.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλίσσῃqueenN1A DSF · βασίλισσαhead noun within the clauseβασίλισσα: lexical item rendered 'queen' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseὅτι: lexical item rendered 'that' in this chapter's immediate context.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverb qualifying the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐποίησενdoVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phraseὑπό: 'under'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
προσταχθένταcommandedVQ · αππαπν τάσσω + προςparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveαππαπν τάσσω + προς: verbal form rendered 'commanded' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phraseδιά: 'through'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
εὐνούχωνeunuchN2 GPM · εὐνοῦχοςhead noun within the clauseεὐνοῦχος: lexical item rendered 'eunuch' in this chapter's immediate context.
16
καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Μουχαιος πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα καὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας οὐ τὸν βασιλέα μόνον ἠδίκησεν Αστιν ἡ βασίλισσα ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἄρχοντας καὶ τοὺς ἡγουμένους τοῦ βασιλέως
And Muchaios said to the king and the rulers, "Queen Astin has wronged not the king only but also all the rulers and the leaders of the king."
Muchaios broadens the charge: the queen's act injures the whole governing order, not only the king.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον: verbal form rendered 'said' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΜουχαιοςMuchaiosN2 NSM · Μουχαιοςproper name within the clause or listΜουχαιος: proper name rendered 'Muchaios' in the Esther court narrative.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: 'to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνhead noun within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'ruler / chief' in this chapter's immediate context.
οὐnotD · οὐadverb qualifying the clauseοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverb qualifying the clauseμόνον: lexical item rendered 'only' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἠδίκησενyou have wrongedVAI AAI3S · ἀδικέωfinite verb advancing the clauseἀδικέω: verbal form rendered 'you have wronged' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ΑστινAstinN NSF · Αστινproper name within the clause or listΑστιν: proper name rendered 'Astin' in the Esther court narrative.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασίλισσαqueenN1A NSF · βασίλισσαhead noun within the clauseβασίλισσα: lexical item rendered 'queen' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseἀλλά: lexical item rendered 'but' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandD · καίadverb qualifying the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄρχονταςruler / chiefN3 APM · ἄρχωνhead noun within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'ruler / chief' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἡγουμένουςleadersV2 · πμπαπμ ἡγέομαιparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveπμπαπμ ἡγέομαι: verbal form rendered 'leaders' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
17
καὶ γὰρ διηγήσατο αὐτοῖς τὰ ῥήματα τῆς βασιλίσσης καὶ ὡς ἀντεῖπεν τῷ βασιλεῖ ὡς οὖν ἀντεῖπεν τῷ βασιλεῖ Ἀρταξέρξῃ
"For he recounted to them the words of the queen and how she answered back to the king; therefore, since she contradicted King Artaxerxes,
The adviser justifies the broader charge by projecting Astin's example outward as a dangerous precedent.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
γὰρforX · γάρcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseγάρ: lexical item rendered 'for' in this chapter's immediate context.
διηγήσατοrecountVAI AMI3S · ἡγέομαι + διαfinite verb advancing the clauseἡγέομαι + δια: verbal form rendered 'recount' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
αὐτοῖςtheseRD DPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαhead noun within the clauseῥῆμα: lexical item rendered 'words' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλίσσηςqueenN1S GSF · βασίλισσαhead noun within the clauseβασίλισσα: lexical item rendered 'queen' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseὡς: 'as'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀντεῖπενanswer backVBI AAI3S · εἶπον + ἀντιfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον + ἀντι: verbal form rendered 'answer back' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὡςasC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseὡς: 'as'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseοὖν: 'therefore'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀντεῖπενanswer backVBI AAI3S · εἶπον + ἀντιfinite verb advancing the clauseεἶπον + ἀντι: verbal form rendered 'answer back' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἈρταξέρξῃArtaxerxesN1M DSM · Ἀρταξέρξηςproper name within the clause or listἈρταξέρξης: proper name rendered 'Artaxerxes' in the Esther court narrative.
18
οὕτως σήμερον αἱ τυραννίδες αἱ λοιπαὶ τῶν ἀρχόντων Περσῶν καὶ Μήδων ἀκούσασαι τὰ τῷ βασιλεῖ λεχθέντα ὑπ' αὐτῆς τολμήσουσιν ὁμοίως ἀτιμάσαι τοὺς ἄνδρας αὐτῶν
so today the other noblewomen of the rulers of the Persians and Medes, when they hear what was spoken to the king by her, will likewise dare to dishonor their husbands.
The feared social consequence is that elite women across the empire will imitate the queen's defiance.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverb qualifying the clauseοὕτως: 'thus'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverb qualifying the clauseσήμερον: lexical item rendered 'today' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τυραννίδεςnoblewomenN3D NPF · τυραννίςhead noun within the clauseτυραννίς: lexical item rendered 'noblewomen' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λοιπαὶthe restA1 NPF · λοιπόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseλοιπός: lexical item rendered 'the rest' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνhead noun within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'of rulers' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΠερσῶνPersianN1M GPM · Πέρσηςproper name within the clause or listΠέρσης: proper name rendered 'Persian' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΜήδωνMedeN2 GPM · Μῆδοιproper name within the clause or listΜῆδοι: proper name rendered 'Mede' in the Esther court narrative.
ἀκούσασαιhaving heardVA · ααπνπφ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseααπνπφ ἀκούω: verbal form rendered 'having heard' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
λεχθένταspokenVQ · αππαπν λέγωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveαππαπν λέγω: verbal form rendered 'spoken' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὑπ'underP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phraseὑπό: 'under'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
αὐτῆςthisRD GSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
τολμήσουσινdareVF FAI3P · τολμάωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseτολμάω: verbal form rendered 'dare' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁμοίωςlikewiseD · ὁμοίωςadverb qualifying the clauseὁμοίως: lexical item rendered 'likewise' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀτιμάσαιdespisedVA AAN · ἀτιμάζωverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultἀτιμάζω: verbal form rendered 'despised' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρhead noun within the clauseἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'man' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῶνtheseRD GPF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
19
εἰ οὖν δοκεῖ τῷ βασιλεῖ προσταξάτω βασιλικόν καὶ γραφήτω κατὰ τοὺς νόμους Μήδων καὶ Περσῶν καὶ μὴ ἄλλως χρησάσθω μηδὲ εἰσελθάτω ἔτι ἡ βασίλισσα πρὸς αὐτόν καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτῆς δότω ὁ βασιλεὺς γυναικὶ κρείττονι αὐτῆς
If therefore it seems good to the king, let him issue a royal decree, and let it be written according to the laws of the Medes and Persians and not altered: let the queen no longer come in to him, and let the king give her royal dignity to a woman better than she.
The counselors recommend an irrevocable royal decree that removes Astin and gives her status to another woman.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseεἰ: 'if'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
οὖνthereforeX · οὖνcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseοὖν: 'therefore'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
δοκεῖseem goodV2 PAI3S · δοκέωfinite verb advancing the clauseδοκέω: verbal form rendered 'seem good' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
προσταξάτωcommandVA AAD3S · τάσσω + προςverbal form carrying the action of the clauseτάσσω + προς: verbal form rendered 'command' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
βασιλικόνroyalA1 ASN · βασιλικόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseβασιλικός: lexical item rendered 'royal' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
γραφήτωwriteVD APD3S · γράφωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseγράφω: verbal form rendered 'write' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατά: 'according to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
νόμουςlawN2 APM · νόμοςhead noun within the clauseνόμος: lexical item rendered 'law' in this chapter's immediate context.
ΜήδωνMedeN2 GPM · Μῆδοιproper name within the clause or listΜῆδοι: proper name rendered 'Mede' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ΠερσῶνPersianN1M GPM · Πέρσηςproper name within the clause or listΠέρσης: proper name rendered 'Persian' in the Esther court narrative.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
μὴnotD · μήadverb qualifying the clauseμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἄλλωςotherwiseD · ἄλλωςadverb qualifying the clauseἄλλως: 'otherwise'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
χρησάσθωactedVA AMD3S · χράωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseχράω: verbal form rendered 'acted' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
μηδὲand do not / norC · μηδέcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseμηδέ: lexical item rendered 'and do not / nor' in this chapter's immediate context.
εἰσελθάτωwent inVA AAD3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action of the clauseἔρχομαι + εἰς: verbal form rendered 'went in' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverb qualifying the clauseἔτι: lexical item rendered 'still / moreover' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασίλισσαqueenN1A NSF · βασίλισσαhead noun within the clauseβασίλισσα: lexical item rendered 'queen' in this chapter's immediate context.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phraseπρός: 'to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
αὐτόνthisRD ASM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαhead noun within the clauseβασιλεία: lexical item rendered 'kingdom' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῆςthisRD GSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
δότωgiveVO AAD3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action of the clauseδίδωμι: verbal form rendered 'give' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
γυναικὶwomanN3K DSF · γυνήhead noun within the clauseγυνή: lexical item rendered 'woman' in this chapter's immediate context.
κρείττονιbetterA3C DSF · κρείσσωνadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseκρείσσων: lexical item rendered 'better' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῆςthisRD GSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
20
καὶ ἀκουσθήτω ὁ νόμος ὁ ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως ὃν ἐὰν ποιῇ ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ οὕτως πᾶσαι αἱ γυναῖκες περιθήσουσιν τιμὴν τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ἑαυτῶν ἀπὸ πτωχοῦ ἕως πλουσίου
And let the law that the king shall make be heard throughout his kingdom; and thus all women will render honor to their husbands, from poor to rich."
The decree is supposed to secure household honor throughout the empire, regardless of class.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀκουσθήτωhearVC APD3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseἀκούω: verbal form rendered 'hear' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
νόμοςlawN2 NSM · νόμοςhead noun within the clauseνόμος: lexical item rendered 'law' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ὑπὸunderP · ὑπόpreposition governing the following phraseὑπό: 'under'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςhead noun within the clauseὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseἐάν: 'if'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ποιῇdoV2 PAS3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλείᾳkingdomN1A DSF · βασιλείαhead noun within the clauseβασιλεία: lexical item rendered 'kingdom' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῦthisRD GSM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverb qualifying the clauseοὕτως: 'thus'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
πᾶσαιallA1S NPF · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
γυναῖκεςwomanN3K NPF · γυνήhead noun within the clauseγυνή: lexical item rendered 'woman' in this chapter's immediate context.
περιθήσουσινplace uponVF FAI3P · τίθημι + περιverbal form carrying the action of the clauseτίθημι + περι: verbal form rendered 'place upon' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
τιμὴνa priceN1 ASF · τιμήhead noun within the clauseτιμή: lexical item rendered 'a price' in this chapter's immediate context.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἀνδράσινmanN3 DPM · ἀνήρhead noun within the clauseἀνήρ: lexical item rendered 'man' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἑαυτῶνtheseRD GPF · ἑαυτοῦdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseἑαυτοῦ: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phraseἀπό: 'from'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
πτωχοῦpoorN2 GSM · πτωχόςhead noun within the clauseπτωχός: lexical item rendered 'poor' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phraseἕως: lexical item rendered 'until' in this chapter's immediate context.
πλουσίουrich manA1A GSF · πλούσιοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπλούσιος: lexical item rendered 'rich man' in this chapter's immediate context.
21
καὶ ἤρεσεν ὁ λόγος τῷ βασιλεῖ καὶ τοῖς ἄρχουσι καὶ ἐποίησεν ὁ βασιλεὺς καθὰ ἐλάλησεν ὁ Μουχαιος
And the word pleased the king and the rulers, and the king did as Muchaios had said.
The king accepts the counsel without resistance and acts on the adviser's proposal.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἤρεσενis pleasingVAI AAI3S · ἀρέσκωfinite verb advancing the clauseἀρέσκω: verbal form rendered 'is pleasing' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λόγοςwordsN2 NSM · λόγοςhead noun within the clauseλόγος: lexical item rendered 'words' in this chapter's immediate context.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ἄρχουσιrulerN3 DPM · ἄρχωνhead noun within the clauseἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'ruler' in this chapter's immediate context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἐποίησενdoVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω: verbal form rendered 'do' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clauseβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'king' in this chapter's immediate context.
καθὰjust asD · καθάadverb qualifying the clauseκαθά: lexical item rendered 'just as' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐλάλησενspokeVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the clauseλαλέω: verbal form rendered 'spoke' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
ΜουχαιοςMuchaiosN2 NSM · Μουχαῖοςproper name within the clause or listΜουχαῖος: proper name rendered 'Muchaios' in the Esther court narrative.
22
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν βασιλείαν κατὰ χώραν κατὰ τὴν λέξιν αὐτῶν ὥστε εἶναι φόβον αὐτοῖς ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις αὐτῶν
And he sent throughout all the kingdom, province by province according to their language, so that there might be fear of them in their houses.
The closing decree universalizes the court's anxiety by broadcasting household submission across every province and language group.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseκαί: 'and'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ἀπέστειλεν+ apoVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clauseστέλλω + ἀπο: verbal form rendered '+ apo' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phraseεἰς: 'into'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's immediate context.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαhead noun within the clauseβασιλεία: lexical item rendered 'kingdom' in this chapter's immediate context.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατά: 'according to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
χώρανprovinceN1A ASF · χώραhead noun within the clauseχώρα: lexical item rendered 'province' in this chapter's immediate context.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phraseκατά: 'according to'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
λέξινlanguageN3I ASF · λέξιςhead noun within the clauseλέξις: lexical item rendered 'language' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῶνtheseRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
ὥστεso thatC · ὥστεcoordinating conjunction or particle linking the clauseὥστε: 'so that'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
εἶναιbeV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal infinitive expressing purpose or resultεἰμί: verbal form rendered 'be' in this chapter's local context, carrying the action or process of the clause.
φόβονfearN2 ASM · φόβοςhead noun within the clauseφόβος: lexical item rendered 'fear' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτοῖςtheseRD DPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phraseἐν: 'in'; a common connective or prepositional item that structures the movement of the clause in this chapter.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phraseὁ: the Greek article, marking substantives and signaling their case, number, and gender within the phrase.
οἰκίαιςhouseholdN1A DPF · οἰκίαhead noun within the clauseοἰκία: lexical item rendered 'household' in this chapter's immediate context.
αὐτῶνtheseRD GPM · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phraseαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'these' in this chapter's immediate context.