1
καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων
And the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
It begins with the standard formula that marks a fresh oracle from the Lord to Ezekiel.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου στήρισον τὸ πρόσωπόν σου ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη Ισραηλ καὶ προφήτευσον ἐπ' αὐτὰ
Son of man, set your face against the mountains of Israel and prophesy against them,
Ezekiel is commissioned to confront not merely the people but the landscape that hosted their false worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στήρισονsetVA AAD2S · στηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστηρίζω: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προφήτευσονprophesyVA AAD2S · προφητεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπροφητεύω: meaning 'prophesy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
καὶ ἐρεῖς τὰ ὄρη Ισραηλ ἀκούσατε λόγον κυρίου τάδε λέγει κύριος τοῖς ὄρεσιν καὶ τοῖς βουνοῖς καὶ ταῖς φάραγξιν καὶ ταῖς νάπαις ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπάγω ἐφ' ὑμᾶς ῥομφαίαν καὶ ἐξολεθρευθήσεται τὰ ὑψηλὰ ὑμῶν
and you shall say, Mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord. Thus says the Lord to the mountains and to the hills and to the ravines and to the valleys: Behold, I am bringing upon you a sword, and your high places shall be destroyed.
The mountains and valleys are personified as hearers because the judgment concerns the very places of Israel's illicit cult.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρεσινmountainsN3E DPN · ὄροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουνοῖςhillsN2 DPM · βουνόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβουνός: meaning 'hills'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγξινravinesN3G DPF · φάραγξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφάραγξ: meaning 'ravines'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νάπαιςvalleysN1 DPF · νάπηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνάπη: meaning 'valleys'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπάγωI am bringingV1 PAI1S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'I am bringing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρευθήσεταιshall be destroyedVC FPI3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλὰhighA1 NPN · ὑψηλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑψηλός: meaning 'high'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
καὶ συντριβήσονται τὰ θυσιαστήρια ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ τεμένη ὑμῶν καὶ καταβαλῶ τραυματίας ὑμῶν ἐνώπιον τῶν εἰδώλων ὑμῶν
And your altars shall be shattered, and your shrines shall be broken down, and I will cast down your wounded before your idols.
The destruction of the sanctuaries is inseparable from the fall of their worshipers, exposing the impotence of the idols.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντριβήσονταιshall be shatteredVD FPI3P · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'shall be shattered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριαaltarsN2N NPN · θυσιαστήριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altars'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεμένηshrinesN3E NPN · τέμενοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέμενος: meaning 'shrines'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταβαλῶI will cast downVF2 FAI1S · βάλλω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'I will cast down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τραυματίαςwoundedN1T APM · τραυματίαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδώλωνidolsN2N GPN · εἴδωλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἴδωλον: meaning 'idols'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
καὶ διασκορπιῶ τὰ ὀστᾶ ὑμῶν κύκλῳ τῶν θυσιαστηρίων ὑμῶν
And I will scatter your bones around your altars.
The image is deliberately defiling: bones are strewn around the altars that once promised life and blessing.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπιῶI will scatterVF2 FAI1S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'I will scatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'around'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίωνaltarN2N GPN · θυσιαστήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ἐν πάσῃ τῇ κατοικίᾳ ὑμῶν αἱ πόλεις ἐξερημωθήσονται καὶ τὰ ὑψηλὰ ἀφανισθήσεται ὅπως ἐξολεθρευθῇ τὰ θυσιαστήρια ὑμῶν καὶ συντριβήσονται τὰ εἴδωλα ὑμῶν καὶ ἐξαρθήσεται τὰ τεμένη ὑμῶν
In all your dwelling places the cities shall be laid waste, and the high places shall be obliterated, so that your altars may be destroyed, and your idols shall be broken, and your shrines shall be removed.
Judgment reaches from urban settlement to rural shrine, erasing both habitation and cultic infrastructure.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικίᾳdwelling placeN1A DSF · κατοικίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκατοικία: meaning 'dwelling place'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξερημωθήσονταιshall be laid wasteVC FPI3P · ἐρημόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐρημόω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be laid waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλὰhighA1 NPN · ὑψηλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑψηλός: meaning 'high'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀφανισθήσεταιshall be obliteratedVS FPI3S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'shall be obliterated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρευθῇἐξολεθρευθῇVC APS3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐξολεθρευθῇ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριαaltarsN2N NPN · θυσιαστήριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altars'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντριβήσονταιshall be shatteredVD FPI3P · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'shall be shattered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἴδωλαtermN2N NPN · εἴδωλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεἴδωλον: meaning 'term'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρθήσεταιshall be removedVC FPI3S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεμένηshrinesN3E NPN · τέμενοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτέμενος: meaning 'shrines'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
καὶ πεσοῦνται τραυματίαι ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν καὶ ἐπιγνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος
And the slain shall fall in your midst, and you shall know that I am the Lord.
The first recognition formula appears after the announcement of slaughter: knowledge of the Lord comes through judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσοῦνταιshall fallVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'shall fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τραυματίαιslainN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'slain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιγνώσεσθεyou shall knowVF FMI2P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'you shall know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
8
ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι ἐξ ὑμῶν ἀνασῳζομένους ἐκ ῥομφαίας ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν καὶ ἐν τῷ διασκορπισμῷ ὑμῶν ἐν ταῖς χώραις
And it shall come to pass that some of you will be left escaping the sword among the nations, when you are scattered in the lands,
Judgment is severe but not total; a surviving remnant remains as the seed of later remembrance.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενέσθαιto becomeVB AMN · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγίγνομαι: meaning 'to become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνασῳζομένουςbeing savedV1 · πμπαπμ σώζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ σώζω + ἀνα: meaning 'being saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ῥομφαίαςswordN1A GSF · ῥομφαίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διασκορπισμῷscatteringN2 DSM · διασκορπισμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιασκορπισμός: meaning 'scattering'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χώραιςcountriesN1A DPF · χώραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχώρα: meaning 'countries'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
9
καὶ μνησθήσονταί μου οἱ ἀνασῳζόμενοι ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν οὗ ᾐχμαλωτεύθησαν ἐκεῖ ὀμώμοκα τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῶν τῇ ἐκπορνευούσῃ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ καὶ τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτῶν τοῖς πορνεύουσιν ὀπίσω τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων αὐτῶν καὶ κόψονται πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς βδελύγμασιν αὐτῶν
and those of you who escape will remember me among the nations where they were taken captive; there I swore against their heart that goes whoring away from me and against their eyes that prostitute themselves after their practices, and they shall strike their faces because of all their abominations.
The remnant's memory is penitential and self-loathing. The Greek of the Lord's relation to their whoring heart is difficult, but the outcome is clear: exile produces recognition of betrayal.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνησθήσονταίthey shall rememberVS FPI3P · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμιμνήσκω: meaning 'they shall remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνασῳζόμενοιthose escapingV1 · πμπνπμ σώζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ σώζω + ἀνα: meaning 'those escaping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ᾐχμαλωτεύθησανwere taken captiveVCI API3P · αἰχμαλωτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰχμαλωτεύω: meaning 'were taken captive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀμώμοκαI sworeVX XAI1S · ὄμνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὄμνυμι: meaning 'I swore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορνευούσῃgoing whoringV1 · παπδσφ πορνεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσφ πορνεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'going whoring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορνεύουσινcommit fornicationV1 · παπδπμ πορνεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ πορνεύω: meaning 'commit fornication'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδευμάτωνpracticesN3M GPN · ἐπιτήδευμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'practices'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόψονταιthey shall strikeVF FMI3P · κόπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκόπτω: meaning 'they shall strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπαfacesN2N APN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'faces'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσιallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βδελύγμασινabominationsN3M DPN · βδέλυγμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abominations'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
καὶ ἐπιγνώσονται διότι ἐγὼ κύριος λελάληκα
And they shall know that I am the Lord; I have spoken.
The remnant's new knowledge confirms that the Lord's warnings were real and effective, not empty rhetoric.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιγνώσονταιἐπιγνώσονταιVF FMI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπιγνώσονται'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λελάληκαλαλέωVX XAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαλέω: meaning 'λαλέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
11
τάδε λέγει κύριος κρότησον τῇ χειρὶ καὶ ψόφησον τῷ ποδὶ καὶ εἰπόν εὖγε εὖγε ἐπὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς βδελύγμασιν οἴκου Ισραηλ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ ἐν θανάτῳ καὶ ἐν λιμῷ πεσοῦνται
Thus says the Lord: Clap with your hand and stamp with your foot, and say, Alas, alas, for all the abominations of the house of Israel; by sword and by death and by famine they shall fall.
Ezekiel's bodily gestures make him participate emotionally and prophetically in the announced catastrophe.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κρότησονclapVA AAD2S · κροτέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκροτέω: meaning 'clap'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψόφησονstampVA AAD2S · ψοφέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateψοφέω: meaning 'stamp'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδὶποδὶN3D DSM · πούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'ποδὶ'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰπόνεἰπόνVB AAD2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἶπον: meaning 'εἰπόν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὖγεalasD · εὖγεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖγε: meaning 'alas'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὖγεalasD · εὖγεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖγε: meaning 'alas'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσινallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βδελύγμασινabominationsN3M DPN · βδέλυγμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abominations'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θανάτῳdeathN2 DSM · θάνατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λιμῷfamineN2 DSM · λιμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλιμός: meaning 'famine'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πεσοῦνταιshall fallVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'shall fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ὁ ἐγγὺς ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ πεσεῖται ὁ δὲ μακρὰν ἐν θανάτῳ τελευτήσει καὶ ὁ περιεχόμενος ἐν λιμῷ συντελεσθήσεται καὶ συντελέσω τὴν ὀργήν μου ἐπ' αὐτούς
He who is near shall fall by the sword, and he who is far away shall die by pestilence, and he who is hemmed in shall be finished by famine; and I will complete my wrath upon them.
The threefold distribution of death shows that no geographic position offers safety from the completed wrath of God.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγγὺςnearD · ἐγγύςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐγγὺς: meaning 'near'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πεσεῖταιfallVF2 FMI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fall'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μακρὰνfar awayD · μακράνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρὰν: meaning 'far away'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θανάτῳdeathN2 DSM · θάνατοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τελευτήσειshall dieVF FAI3S · τελευτάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτελευτάω: meaning 'shall die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περιεχόμενοςbeing hemmed inV1 · πμπνσμ ἔχω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἔχω + περι: meaning 'being hemmed in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λιμῷfamineN2 DSM · λιμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλιμός: meaning 'famine'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
συντελεσθήσεταιshall be finishedVS FPI3S · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτελέω + συν: meaning 'shall be finished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντελέσωI will completeVF FAI1S · τελέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτελέω + συν: meaning 'I will complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργήνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
καὶ γνώσεσθε διότι ἐγὼ κύριος ἐν τῷ εἶναι τοὺς τραυματίας ὑμῶν ἐν μέσῳ τῶν εἰδώλων ὑμῶν κύκλῳ τῶν θυσιαστηρίων ὑμῶν ἐπὶ πάντα βουνὸν ὑψηλὸν καὶ ὑποκάτω δένδρου συσκίου οὗ ἔδωκαν ἐκεῖ ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας πᾶσι τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν
And you shall know that I am the Lord when your slain lie in the midst of your idols, around your altars, on every high hill and under every shady tree where they offered there a sweet-smelling odor to all their idols.
The places once thick with offerings become public memorials of judgment, so that the land itself testifies against idolatry.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσεσθεyou shall knowVF FMI2P · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'you shall know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραυματίαςwoundedN1T APM · τραυματίαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδώλωνidolsN2N GPN · εἴδωλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεἴδωλον: meaning 'idols'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'around'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίωνaltarN2N GPN · θυσιαστήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βουνὸνhillN2 ASM · βουνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβουνός: meaning 'hill'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑψηλὸνypselosA1 ASM · ὑψηλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑψηλός: meaning 'ypselos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποκάτωunderP · ὑποκάτωpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δένδρουtreeN2N GSN · δένδρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδένδρον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συσκίουshadyA1B GSN · συσκίοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσυσκίος: meaning 'shady'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀσμὴνodorN1 ASF · ὀσμήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀσμή: meaning 'odor'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐωδίαςsweet-smellingN1A GSF · εὐωδίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐωδία: meaning 'sweet-smelling'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πᾶσιallA3 DPN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδώλοιςidolsN2N DPN · εἴδωλονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἴδωλον: meaning 'idols'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
καὶ ἐκτενῶ τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπ' αὐτοὺς καὶ θήσομαι τὴν γῆν εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ εἰς ὄλεθρον ἀπὸ τῆς ἐρήμου Δεβλαθα ἐκ πάσης τῆς κατοικίας καὶ ἐπιγνώσεσθε ὅτι ἐγὼ κύριος
And I will stretch out my hand against them and make the land a desolation and a ruin, from the wilderness to Deblatha, throughout all their dwelling places; and they shall know that I am the Lord.
The closing stretch of the divine hand universalizes the ruin and ends again with the recognition formula that frames the whole oracle.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτενῶI will stretch outVF2 FAI1S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will stretch out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσομαιplace / appointVF FMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφανισμὸνdesolationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'desolation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄλεθρονruinN2 ASM · ὄλεθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄλεθρος: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμουwildernessN2 GSF · ἔρημοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΔεβλαθαDeblathaN GS · Δεβλαθαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΔεβλαθα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικίαςhabitationN1A GSF · κατοικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκατοικία: meaning 'habitation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιγνώσεσθεyou shall knowVF FMI2P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'you shall know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.