Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Ezekiel, Chapter 8ΙΕΖΕΚΙΗΛ Η′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Hidden temple abominations provoke the Lord's jealous wrath.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Ezekiel 8 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as represented in the Rahlfs-Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft); the ancient text itself is public domain, while no critical apparatus is reproduced here. This vision inaugurates Ezekiel's temple-abominations vision in the sixth year, as the prophet is lifted in a divine vision from his house in exile to Jerusalem's sanctuary. The sequence is carefully staged: the prophet first sees the image at the north gate, then the hidden chamber with engraved creatures and seventy elders, then the women mourning Tammuz, and finally the men in the inner court worshiping the sun with their backs to the temple. The repeated refrain 'you will see still greater abominations' gives the chapter its stair-stepped rhetorical force, each scene worsening the previous one. The language of jealousy, hidden chambers, and cultic orientation makes the chapter central for understanding why the glory will depart in the chapters that follow: defilement has penetrated gate, chamber, and court. The final divine response shows that these acts are not isolated lapses but the filling up of violence and contempt throughout the land.

1

καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῷ ἕκτῳ ἔτει ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ μηνὶ πέμπτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς ἐγὼ ἐκαθήμην ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι Ιουδα ἐκάθηντο ἐνώπιόν μου καὶ ἐγένετο ἐπ' ἐμὲ χεὶρ κυρίου

And it came to pass in the sixth year, in the fifth month, on the fifth day of the month, while I was sitting in the house and the elders of Judah were sitting before me, that the hand of the Lord came upon me there.

Vision dated and the divine hand fallsΚαὶ
It begins with a precise date and with Judah's elders present before Ezekiel, framing the vision as a public prophetic disclosure in exile.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕκτῳsixthA1 DSN · ἕκτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἕκτος: meaning 'sixth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέμπτῳfifthA1 DSM · πέμπτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπέμπτος: meaning 'fifth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πέμπτῃfifthA1 DSF · πέμπτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπέμπτος: meaning 'fifth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκαθήμηνI was sittingV1I IMI1S · ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'I was sitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersA1A NPMC · πρεσβύτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐκάθηντοsatV1I IMI3P · ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'sat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνώπιόνenopionP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιόν: meaning 'enopion'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χεὶρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2

καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁμοίωμα ἀνδρός ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἕως κάτω πῦρ καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ ὑπεράνω ὡς ὅρασις ἠλέκτρου

And I looked, and behold, the likeness of a man; from his loins downward there was fire, and from his loins upward something like the appearance of amber.

Radiant figure appears before the transportΚαὶ
The fiery and amber-like figure recalls the theophanic imagery of Ezekiel 1 and marks the coming journey as a direct act of divine revelation.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁμοίωμαomoiomaN3M NSN · ὁμοίωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁμοίωμα: meaning 'omoioma'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρόςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφύοςloinsN3U GSF · ὀσφύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀσφύς: meaning 'loins'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςas far asD · ἕωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'as far as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κάτωlowerD · κάτωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκάτω: meaning 'lower'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀσφύοςloinsN3U GSF · ὀσφύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀσφύς: meaning 'loins'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπεράνωaboveD · ὑπεράνωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὑπεράνω: meaning 'above'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅρασιςvisionN3I NSF · ὅρασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅρασις: meaning 'vision'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἠλέκτρουamberN2N GSN · ἠλέκτρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἠλέκτρον: meaning 'amber'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
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καὶ ἐξέτεινεν ὁμοίωμα χειρὸς καὶ ἀνέλαβέν με τῆς κορυφῆς μου καὶ ἀνέλαβέν με πνεῦμα ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς γῆς καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἤγαγέν με εἰς Ιερουσαλημ ἐν ὁράσει θεοῦ ἐπὶ τὰ πρόθυρα τῆς πύλης τῆς ἐσωτέρας τῆς βλεπούσης πρὸς βορρᾶν οὗ ἦν ἡ στήλη τοῦ κτωμένου

And he stretched out the likeness of a hand and took me by the crown of my head, and the Spirit lifted me up between the earth and between heaven and brought me to Jerusalem in a vision of God, to the entrance of the inner gate that faces north, where was the pillar of the one that acquires.

The Spirit transports Ezekiel to the inner gateΚαὶ
Ezekiel is seized and transported between earth and heaven, signaling that what follows is a divinely granted unveiling of Jerusalem's true cultic condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέτεινενstretched outVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁμοίωμαomoiomaN3M NSN · ὁμοίωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁμοίωμα: meaning 'omoioma'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέλαβένtook upVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'took up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κορυφῆςcrownN1 GSF · κορυφήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκορυφή: meaning 'crown'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέλαβένtook upVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'took up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγένbroughtVBI AAI3S · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'brought'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁράσειsightN3I DSF · ὅρασιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅρασις: meaning 'sight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόθυραentranceN2N APN · πρόθυρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόθυρον: meaning 'entrance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςπυληN1 GSF · πύληgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'πυλη'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσωτέραςinnerA1A GSF · ἐσώτεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐσώτερος: meaning 'inner'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βλεπούσηςfacingV1 · παπγσφ βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσφ βλέπω: meaning 'facing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶνnorthN1T ASM · βορέαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στήληpillarN1 NSF · στήληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστήλη: meaning 'pillar'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτωμένουone that acquiresV3 · πμπγσμ κτάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ κτάομαι: meaning 'one that acquires'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4

καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐκεῖ ἦν δόξα κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ κατὰ τὴν ὅρασιν ἣν εἶδον ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ

And behold, there was the glory of the Lord God of Israel there, according to the vision that I saw in the plain.

The divine glory is seen at the sanctuaryΚαὶ
The presence of the same glory once seen by the river shows that the Lord is still present at the temple even while the sanctuary is being exposed for judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρασινvisionN3I ASF · ὅρασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅρασις: meaning 'vision'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίῳfieldN2N DSN · πεδίονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπεδίον: meaning 'field'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
5

καὶ εἶπεν πρός με υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου ἀνάβλεψον τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς σου πρὸς βορρᾶν καὶ ἀνέβλεψα τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου πρὸς βορρᾶν καὶ ἰδοὺ ἀπὸ βορρᾶ ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τὴν πρὸς ἀνατολάς

And he said to me, Son of man, lift up your eyes toward the north. And I lifted up my eyes toward the north, and behold, from the north, by the gate that faces east.

The northward gaze exposes the first offenseΚαὶ
The gaze toward the north begins the guided tour of abominations, locating the first offense at a major temple approach.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνάβλεψονlook upVA AAD2S · βλέπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + ἀνα: meaning 'look up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶνnorthN1T ASM · βορέαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέβλεψαI looked upVAI AAI1S · βλέπω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + ἀνα: meaning 'I looked up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶνnorthN1T ASM · βορέαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνατολάςeastN1 APF · ἀνατολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνατολή: meaning 'east'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
6

καὶ εἶπεν πρός με υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου ἑώρακας τί οὗτοι ποιοῦσιν ἀνομίας μεγάλας ποιοῦσιν ὧδε τοῦ ἀπέχεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ἁγίων μου καὶ ἔτι ὄψει ἀνομίας μείζονας

And he said to me, Son of man, have you seen what these are doing? Great lawless deeds they are doing here, to make me withdraw from my holy things; and yet you will see still greater lawless deeds.

Jealous abominations interpreted as cause for departureΚαὶ
The purpose of the disclosure is explicit: these are not minor cultic irregularities but acts that drive the Lord away from his sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑώρακαςhave you seenVX XAI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'have you seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιοῦσινdo / makeV2 PAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεγάλαςgreatA1 APF · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιοῦσινdo / makeV2 PAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὧδεthis way / hereD · ὧδεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὧδε: meaning 'this way'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπέχεσθαιkeep awayV1 PMN · ἔχω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'keep away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνof holy thingsA1A GPM · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'of holy things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψειappearance / countenanceVF FMI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'appearance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μείζοναςgreaterA3C APF · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'greater'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
7

καὶ εἰσήγαγέν με ἐπὶ τὰ πρόθυρα τῆς αὐλῆς

And he brought me to the entrance of the court.

Ezekiel is brought to the court entranceΚαὶ
The movement inward gives the scene a progressive structure, carrying Ezekiel closer to hidden and more severe forms of corruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήγαγένbrought inVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'brought in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόθυραentranceN2N APN · πρόθυρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόθυρον: meaning 'entrance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῆςcourtN1 GSF · αὐλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαὐλή: meaning 'court'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
8

καὶ εἶπεν πρός με υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου ὄρυξον καὶ ὤρυξα καὶ ἰδοὺ θύρα μία

And he said to me, Son of man, dig. And I dug, and behold, one door.

The hidden doorway is uncoveredΚαὶ
The act of digging dramatizes revelation: the concealed door suggests that the abominations flourish behind secrecy and concealment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὄρυξονdigVA AAD2S · ὀρύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὀρύσσω: meaning 'dig'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὤρυξαI dugVAI AAI1S · ὀρύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀρύσσω: meaning 'I dug'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θύραdoorN1A NSF · θύραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθύρα: meaning 'door'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countμία: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
9

καὶ εἶπεν πρός με εἴσελθε καὶ ἰδὲ τὰς ἀνομίας ἃς οὗτοι ποιοῦσιν ὧδε

And he said to me, Enter and see the lawless deeds that these men are doing here.

The prophet is invited to inspect the secret deedsΚαὶ
The command to enter emphasizes that prophetic vision must confront what ordinary sight cannot see.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἴσελθεgo intoVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'go into'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδὲseeVB AAD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἃςwhichRR APF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιοῦσινdo / makeV2 PAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὧδεthis way / hereD · ὧδεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὧδε: meaning 'this way'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
10

καὶ εἰσῆλθον καὶ εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ μάταια βδελύγματα καὶ πάντα τὰ εἴδωλα οἴκου Ισραηλ διαγεγραμμένα ἐπ' αὐτοῦ κύκλῳ

And I entered and saw, and behold, vain abominations and all the idols of the house of Israel engraved upon it all around.

Engraved idols fill the hidden chamberΚαὶ
The walls themselves are covered with idol imagery, turning the hidden chamber into a counterfeit sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθονεἰσῆλθονVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'εἰσῆλθον'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάταιαvainA1A NPN · μάταιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάταιος: meaning 'vain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βδελύγματαabominationsN3M NPN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abominations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἴδωλαtermN2N NPN · εἴδωλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεἴδωλον: meaning 'term'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
διαγεγραμμέναengravedVP · χππνπν γράφω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπν γράφω + δια: meaning 'engraved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύκλῳaroundN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'around'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
11

καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα ἄνδρες ἐκ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων οἴκου Ισραηλ καὶ Ιεζονιας ὁ τοῦ Σαφαν ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν εἱστήκει πρὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν καὶ ἕκαστος θυμιατήριον αὐτοῦ εἶχεν ἐν τῇ χειρί καὶ ἡ ἀτμὶς τοῦ θυμιάματος ἀνέβαινεν

And seventy men from the elders of the house of Israel, and Jaazaniah the son of Shaphan standing in their midst, were standing before them, and each man had his censer in his hand, and the vapor of the incense was rising.

Seventy elders offer incense in concealed worshipΚαὶ
The presence of elders and Jaazaniah shows that leadership is implicated; the rising incense marks their ritual devotion to forbidden images.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyM · ἑβδομήκονταadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἑβδομήκοντα: meaning 'seventy'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρωνπρεσβύτεροςA1A GPMC · πρεσβύτεροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'πρεσβύτερος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙεζονιαςJaazaniahN1T NSM · Ιεζονιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΙεζονιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Σαφανof ShaphanN GSM · Σαφανnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαφαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἱστήκειstoodVXI YAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θυμιατήριονthymiaterionN2N ASN · θυμιατήριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμιατήριον: meaning 'thymiaterion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶχενpmpdsph echoV1I IAI3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'pmpdsph echo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρίhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀτμὶςvaporN3D NSF · ἀτμίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτμίς: meaning 'vapor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμιάματοςof incenseN3M GSN · θυμίαμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυμίαμα: meaning 'of incense'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνέβαινενwas risingV1I IAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'was rising'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12

καὶ εἶπεν πρός με υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου ἑώρακας ἃ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι τοῦ οἴκου Ισραηλ ποιοῦσιν ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ κοιτῶνι τῷ κρυπτῷ αὐτῶν διότι εἶπαν οὐχ ὁρᾷ ὁ κύριος ἐγκαταλέλοιπεν κύριος τὴν γῆν

And he said to me, Son of man, have you seen what the elders of the house of Israel are doing, each man in his hidden chamber? For they said, The Lord does not see us; the Lord has forsaken the land.

The elders deny the Lord's sight and presenceΚαὶ
The elders' explanation reveals the theological root of the abomination: they act as though the Lord neither sees nor remains attached to the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑώρακαςhave you seenVX XAI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'have you seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
whichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersA1A NPMC · πρεσβύτεροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ποιοῦσινdo / makeV2 PAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιτῶνιchamberN3W DSM · κοιτώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκοιτών: meaning 'chamber'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρυπτῷhiddenA1 DSM · κρυπτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκρυπτός: meaning 'hidden'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁρᾷseeV3 PAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐγκαταλέλοιπενhas forsakenVX XAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'has forsaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13

καὶ εἶπεν πρός με ἔτι ὄψει ἀνομίας μείζονας ἃς οὗτοι ποιοῦσιν

And he said to me, You will still see greater lawless deeds that these men are doing.

Greater abominations are promisedΚαὶ
The repeated formula structures the chapter as an escalating exposure of defilement.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψειappearance / countenanceVF FMI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'appearance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μείζοναςgreaterA3C APF · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'greater'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἃςwhichRR APF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιοῦσινdo / makeV2 PAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14

καὶ εἰσήγαγέν με ἐπὶ τὰ πρόθυρα τῆς πύλης οἴκου κυρίου τῆς βλεπούσης πρὸς βορρᾶν καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐκεῖ γυναῖκες καθήμεναι θρηνοῦσαι τὸν Θαμμουζ

And he brought me to the entrance of the gate of the house of the Lord that faces north, and behold, there women were sitting, lamenting Tammuz.

Women lament Tammuz at the gateΚαὶ
The lament for Tammuz introduces an imported fertility cult within the temple gates, deepening the apostasy.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήγαγένbrought inVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'brought in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόθυραentranceN2N APN · πρόθυρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόθυρον: meaning 'entrance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληςπυληN1 GSF · πύληgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'πυλη'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βλεπούσηςfacingV1 · παπγσφ βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσφ βλέπω: meaning 'facing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶνnorthN1T ASM · βορέαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναῖκεςwomanN3K NPF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καθήμεναιsittingV5 · πμπνπφ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπφ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'sitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θρηνοῦσαιθρηνοῦσαιV2 · παπνπφ θρηνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπφ θρηνέω: meaning 'θρηνοῦσαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΘαμμουζTammuzN ASM · Θαμμουζnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΘαμμουζ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
15

καὶ εἶπεν πρός με υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου ἑώρακας καὶ ἔτι ὄψει ἐπιτηδεύματα μείζονα τούτων

And he said to me, Son of man, have you seen? You will still see practices greater than these.

The prophet is warned of a still worse sceneΚαὶ
The escalation continues, preparing the reader for the climactic profanation in the inner court itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἑώρακαςhave you seenVX XAI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'have you seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψειappearance / countenanceVF FMI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'appearance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπιτηδεύματαpracticesN3M APN · ἐπιτήδευμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'practices'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μείζοναμείζοναA3C APN · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'μείζονα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τούτωνtheseRD GPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16

καὶ εἰσήγαγέν με εἰς τὴν αὐλὴν οἴκου κυρίου τὴν ἐσωτέραν καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐπὶ τῶν προθύρων τοῦ ναοῦ κυρίου ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν αιλαμ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου ὡς εἴκοσι ἄνδρες τὰ ὀπίσθια αὐτῶν πρὸς τὸν ναὸν τοῦ κυρίου καὶ τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ἀπέναντι καὶ οὗτοι προσκυνοῦσιν τῷ ἡλίῳ

And he brought me into the inner court of the house of the Lord, and behold, at the entrances of the temple of the Lord, between the porch and between the altar, were about twenty men, with their backs toward the temple of the Lord and their faces opposite, and these men were worshiping the sun.

Sun worship in the inner court completes the indictmentΚαὶ
Sun worship with backs turned to the temple visually enacts covenant reversal: the worshipers reject the Lord's house while honoring creation instead of the Creator.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήγαγένbrought inVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'brought in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλὴνcourtN1 ASF · αὐλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαὐλή: meaning 'court'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσωτέρανinnerA1A ASF · ἐσώτεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐσώτερος: meaning 'inner'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προθύρωνπροθύρωνN2N GPN · πρόθυρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόθυρον: meaning 'προθύρων'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναοῦtempleN2 GSM · ναόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αιλαμporchN GPN · αιλαμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastαιλαμ: meaning 'porch'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASN · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστηρίουaltarN2N GSN · θυσιαστήριονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπίσθιαopisthiosA1A NPN · ὀπίσθιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀπίσθιος: meaning 'opisthios'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναὸνtempleN2 ASM · ναόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπαface / presenceN2N NPN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeD · ἀπέναντιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσκυνοῦσινare worshipingV2 PAI3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυνέω + προς: meaning 'are worshiping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡλίῳhelioN2 DSM · ἥλιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἥλιος: meaning 'helio'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
17

καὶ εἶπεν πρός με ἑώρακας υἱὲ ἀνθρώπου μὴ μικρὰ τῷ οἴκῳ Ιουδα τοῦ ποιεῖν τὰς ἀνομίας ἃς πεποιήκασιν ὧδε διότι ἔπλησαν τὴν γῆν ἀνομίας καὶ ἰδοὺ αὐτοὶ ὡς μυκτηρίζοντες

And he said to me, Have you seen, son of man? Is it a small thing for the house of Judah to commit the lawless deeds that they have committed here? For they have filled the land with lawlessness, and behold, they are as those who mock.

The Lord explains the gravity of Judah's corruptionΚαὶ
The Lord interprets the whole sequence as part of a land already filled with violence and contempt, not as isolated ceremonial missteps.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρός: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἑώρακαςhave you seenVX XAI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'have you seen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱὲSonN2 VSM · υἱόςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressυἱός: meaning 'Son'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μικρὰa littleA1A APN · μικρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμικρός: meaning 'a little'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιεῖνdo / makeV2 PAN · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἃςwhichRR APF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεποιήκασινthey have committedVX XAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'they have committed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὧδεthis way / hereD · ὧδεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὧδε: meaning 'this way'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπλησανfillVAI AAI3P · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνομίαςlawlessnessN1A APF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μυκτηρίζοντεςmockingV1 · πππνπμ μυκτηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππνπμ μυκτηρίζω: meaning 'mocking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18

καὶ ἐγὼ ποιήσω αὐτοῖς μετὰ θυμοῦ οὐ φείσεται ὁ ὀφθαλμός μου οὐδὲ μὴ ἐλεήσω

And I also will act against them with wrath; my eye will not spare, nor will I show mercy.

Wrath without pity concludes the visionΚαὶ
It ends with the same unsparing resolve that will govern the execution vision of the next chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυμοῦangerN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'anger'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φείσεταιφείδομαιVF FMI3S · φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφείδομαι: meaning 'φείδομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεήσωhave mercyVF FAI1S · ἐλεέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐλεέω: meaning 'have mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.