1
προσευχὴ Αμβακουμ τοῦ προφήτου μετὰ ᾠδῆς
A prayer of Habakkuk the prophet, with song.
The verse functions as a liturgical heading, marking the chapter as both prophetic prayer and sung performance rather than ordinary narrative speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
προσευχὴprayerN1 NSF · προσευχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑμβακουμHabakkukN GSM · Αμβακουμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑμβακουμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ᾠδῆςsongN1 GSF · ᾠδήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾠδή: meaning 'song'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
κύριε εἰσακήκοα τὴν ἀκοήν σου καὶ ἐφοβήθην κατενόησα τὰ ἔργα σου καὶ ἐξέστην ἐν μέσῳ δύο ζῴων γνωσθήσῃ ἐν τῷ ἐγγίζειν τὰ ἔτη ἐπιγνωσθήσῃ ἐν τῷ παρεῖναι τὸν καιρὸν ἀναδειχθήσῃ ἐν τῷ ταραχθῆναι τὴν ψυχήν μου ἐν ὀργῇ ἐλέους μνησθήσῃ
O Lord, I have heard your report and was afraid; I considered your works and was overwhelmed. In the midst of two living creatures you will be known; as the years draw near you will be recognized; when the appointed time is present you will be revealed; when my soul is troubled, in wrath you will remember mercy.
Habakkuk begins in remembered dread and petition. The prayer gathers memory, anticipation, and mercy into one plea that God's saving action become manifest again.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
εἰσακήκοαhearVX XAI1S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκοήνreportN1 ASF · ἀκοήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀκοή: meaning 'report'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφοβήθηνfearVCI API1S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατενόησαdownVAI AAI1S · νοέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνοέω + κατα: meaning 'down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworkN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέστηνbe overwhelmedVHI AAI1S · ἵστημι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'be overwhelmed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δύοtwoM · δύοadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζῴωνliving creatureN2 GPN · ζῷονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationζῷον: meaning 'living creature'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γνωσθήσῃknowVS FPI2S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγγίζεινdraw nearV1 PAN · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἐγγίζω: meaning 'draw near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτηyearN3E APN · ἔτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιγνωσθήσῃmountVS FPI2S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'mount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεῖναιbe presentV9 PAN · εἰμί + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί + παρα: meaning 'be present'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρὸνappointed timeN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀναδειχθήσῃ+ ἀναVQ FPI2S · δεικνύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδεικνύω + ἀνα: meaning '+ ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταραχθῆναιshakeVQ APN · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementταράσσω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀργῇwrathN1 DSF · ὀργήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐλέουςmercyN3E APN · ἔλεοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μνησθήσῃrememberVC FPI2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
ὁ θεὸς ἐκ Θαιμαν ἥξει καὶ ὁ ἅγιος ἐξ ὄρους κατασκίου δασέος διάψαλμα ἐκάλυψεν οὐρανοὺς ἡ ἀρετὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ αἰνέσεως αὐτοῦ πλήρης ἡ γῆ
God will come from Teman, and the Holy One from the shadowed, wooded mountain. Interlude. His majesty covered the heavens, and the earth was full of his praise.
The divine appearance is cast as a march from the southern wilderness. Heaven and earth become the stage on which the Holy One's glory and praise are revealed.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΘαιμανTemanN GS · Θαιμανnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΘαιμαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἥξειἥκωVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'ἥκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιοςHoly OneA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'Holy One'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄρουςmountainN3E GSN · ὄροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατασκίουshadowedA1B GSN · κατάσκιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκατάσκιος: meaning 'shadowed'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δασέοςwoodedA3U GSM · δασύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδασύς: meaning 'wooded'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκάλυψενcoverVAI AAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω: meaning 'cover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐρανοὺςheavenN2 APM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀρετὴmajestyN1 NSF · ἀρετήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀρετή: meaning 'majesty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰνέσεωςpraiseN3I GSF · αἴνεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἴνεσις: meaning 'praise'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πλήρηςfullA3H NSF · πλήρηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλήρης: meaning 'full'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
4
καὶ φέγγος αὐτοῦ ὡς φῶς ἔσται κέρατα ἐν χερσὶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔθετο ἀγάπησιν κραταιὰν ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ
And his radiance will be like the light; horns are in his hands, and there he placed the mighty love of his strength.
Radiance, horn-like power, and hidden strength continue the portrayal of God in dazzling and dangerous majesty.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φέγγοςradianceN3 NSN · φέγγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφέγγος: meaning 'radiance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κέραταhornN3T NPN · κέραςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκέρας: meaning 'horn'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χερσὶνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθετοplaceVEI AMI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγάπησινaffectionN3I ASF · ἀγάπησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀγάπησις: meaning 'affection'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κραταιὰνmightyA1A ASF · κραταιόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκραταιός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἰσχύοςstrengthN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ πορεύσεται λόγος καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ἐν πεδίλοις οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ
Before his face a word will go forth, and at his feet it will go out in sandals.
The divine march is described through messenger and footstep imagery, suggesting that judgment and command proceed directly before the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πορεύσεταιgoVF FMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσεταιcomeVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πεδίλοιςsandalN2N DPN · πέδιλονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπέδιλον: meaning 'sandal'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδεςfootN3D NPM · πούςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ἔστη καὶ ἐσαλεύθη ἡ γῆ ἐπέβλεψεν καὶ διετάκη ἔθνη διεθρύβη τὰ ὄρη βίᾳ ἐτάκησαν βουνοὶ αἰώνιοι
He stood, and the earth was shaken; he looked, and nations were dissolved; the mountains were shattered by force, and the everlasting hills melted.
Creation itself convulses under the Lord's gaze. Mountains and hills, symbols of permanence, yield before his ancient power.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἔστηstandVHI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσαλεύθηshakeVCI API3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπέβλεψενmountVAI AAI3S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'mount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διετάκηdissolveVDI API3S · τήκω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτήκω + δια: meaning 'dissolve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διεθρύβηdissolveVDI API3S · θρύπτω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθρύπτω + δια: meaning 'dissolve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βίᾳforceN1A DSF · βίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβία: meaning 'force'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐτάκησανmeltVDI API3P · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτήκω: meaning 'melt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βουνοὶhillN2 NPM · βουνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουνός: meaning 'hill'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἰώνιοιeverlastingA1B NPM · αἰώνιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἰώνιος: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
7
πορείας αἰωνίας αὐτοῦ ἀντὶ κόπων εἶδον σκηνώματα Αἰθιόπων πτοηθήσονται καὶ αἱ σκηναὶ γῆς Μαδιαμ
I saw the camps of the Ethiopians in distress instead of his everlasting march, and the tents of the land of Midian will be terrified.
The vision's effects spread outward to Cush and Midian. Distant peoples are drawn into the fear generated by the Lord's coming.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
πορείαςmarchN1A APF · πορείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπορεία: meaning 'march'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰωνίαςeverlastingA1A APF · αἰώνιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰώνιος: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κόπωνdistressN2 GPM · κόποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκόπος: meaning 'distress'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἶδονseeVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκηνώματαcampN3M NPN · σκήνωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκήνωμα: meaning 'camp'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑἰθιόπωνEthiopiansN GPM · Αἰθίοψnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑἰθιόπων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
πτοηθήσονταιterrifyVC FPI3P · πτοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπτοέω: meaning 'terrify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηναὶtentN1 NPF · σκηνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΜαδιαμMidianN GS · Μαδιαμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜαδιαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
8
μὴ ἐν ποταμοῖς ὠργίσθης κύριε ἢ ἐν ποταμοῖς ὁ θυμός σου ἢ ἐν θαλάσσῃ τὸ ὅρμημά σου ὅτι ἐπιβήσῃ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἵππους σου καὶ ἡ ἱππασία σου σωτηρία
Was it against rivers, O Lord, that you were angered, or is your wrath against rivers, or your assault against the sea, because you will mount your horses and your cavalry is salvation?
The prophet interprets the divine advance through questions about river and sea, implying that the Lord's true target is not nature alone but the foes opposed to salvation.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
μὴwhetherD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'whether'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ποταμοῖςriverN2 DPM · ποταμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὠργίσθηςbe angryVSI API2S · ὀργίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀργίζω: meaning 'be angry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ποταμοῖςriverN2 DPM · ποταμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμόςfuryN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'fury'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θαλάσσῃseaN1S DSF · θάλασσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅρμημάassaultN3M NSN · ὅρμημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅρμημα: meaning 'assault'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβήσῃmountVF FMI2S · βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'mount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππουςhorseN2 APM · ἵπποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱππασίαcavalryN1A NSF · ἱππασίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱππασία: meaning 'cavalry'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σωτηρίαsalvationN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
ἐντείνων ἐντενεῖς τὸ τόξον σου ἐπὶ τὰ σκῆπτρα λέγει κύριος διάψαλμα ποταμῶν ῥαγήσεται γῆ
Stretching, you will stretch your bow over the scepters, says the Lord. Interlude. The earth will be split by rivers.
The bow is unsheathed and royal scepters are addressed. The interlude marks a liturgical pause within a scene of unleashed judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐντείνωνstretchV1 · παπνσμ τείνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τείνω + ἐν: meaning 'stretch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντενεῖςfullyVF2 FAI2S · τείνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτείνω + ἐν: meaning 'fully'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόξονbowN2N ASN · τόξονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκῆπτραscepterN2N APN · σκῆπτρονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκῆπτρον: meaning 'scepter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ποταμῶνriverN2 GPM · ποταμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ῥαγήσεταιsplitVD FPI3S · ῥήγνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥήγνυμι: meaning 'split'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
10
ὄψονταί σε καὶ ὠδινήσουσιν λαοί σκορπίζων ὕδατα πορείας αὐτοῦ ἔδωκεν ἡ ἄβυσσος φωνὴν αὐτῆς ὕψος φαντασίας αὐτῆς
Peoples will see you and writhe; scattering waters, his course advanced; the abyss gave its voice, the height of its form lifted itself up.
Waters, abyss, and peoples all react to the theophany. The imagery compresses natural and human trembling into one response to God's passage.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὄψονταίseeVF FMI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεσύRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠδινήσουσινwritheV1 FAI3P · ὠδίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὠδίνω: meaning 'writhe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαοίpeopleN2 NPM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σκορπίζωνscatterV1 · παπνσμ σκορπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ σκορπίζω: meaning 'scatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδαταwaterN3T APN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πορείαςmarchN1A GSF · πορείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπορεία: meaning 'march'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄβυσσοςabyssN2 NSF · ἄβυσσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄβυσσος: meaning 'abyss'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὕψοςheightN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'height'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φαντασίαςappearanceN1A GSF · φαντασίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφαντασία: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
ἐπήρθη ὁ ἥλιος καὶ ἡ σελήνη ἔστη ἐν τῇ τάξει αὐτῆς εἰς φῶς βολίδες σου πορεύσονται εἰς φέγγος ἀστραπῆς ὅπλων σου
The sun was lifted up, and the moon stood in its order; at the light your missiles will go forth, at the flash of your weapons.
Sun, moon, and flashing weapons situate the Lord's victory in cosmic terms, as even the heavenly bodies halt before his warlike brightness.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐπήρθηlift upVCI API3S · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'lift up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σελήνηmoonN1 NSF · σελήνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσελήνη: meaning 'moon'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔστηstandVHI AAI3S · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τάξειorderN3I DSF · τάξιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτάξις: meaning 'order'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βολίδεςmissileN3D NPF · βολίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβολίς: meaning 'missile'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πορεύσονταιgoVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φέγγοςradianceN3E ASN · φέγγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφέγγος: meaning 'radiance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀστραπῆςlightningN1 GSF · ἀστραπήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀστραπή: meaning 'lightning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅπλωνweaponN2N GPN · ὅπλονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅπλον: meaning 'weapon'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ἐν ἀπειλῇ ὀλιγώσεις γῆν καὶ ἐν θυμῷ κατάξεις ἔθνη
In menace you will diminish the earth, and in anger you will bring down nations.
The Lord's advance is now explicitly directed against the nations. The verse interprets the cosmic scene as historical judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπειλῇthreatN1 DSF · ἀπειλήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀπειλή: meaning 'threat'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὀλιγώσειςdiminishV4 FAI2S · ὀλιγόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλιγόω: meaning 'diminish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυμῷfuryN2 DSM · θυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'fury'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατάξειςbring downVF FAI2S · ἄγω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω + κατα: meaning 'bring down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
ἐξῆλθες εἰς σωτηρίαν λαοῦ σου τοῦ σῶσαι τοὺς χριστούς σου ἔβαλες εἰς κεφαλὰς ἀνόμων θάνατον ἐξήγειρας δεσμοὺς ἕως τραχήλου διάψαλμα
You went out for the salvation of your people, to save your anointed ones; you cast death upon the heads of the lawless; you raised up bonds as far as the neck. Interlude.
The divine warrior goes forth not merely to destroy but to save his own people and anointed ones, while striking the lawless at their head.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐξῆλθεςcomeVBI AAI2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σωτηρίανsalvationN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶσαιsaveVA AAN · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χριστούςanointed oneA1 APM · χριστόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχριστός: meaning 'anointed one'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔβαλεςcastVBI AAI2S · βάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω: meaning 'cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κεφαλὰςheadN1 APF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνόμωνlawlessA1B GPM · ἄνομοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θάνατονdeathN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξήγειραςraiseVAI AAI2S · ἀγείρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'raise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δεσμοὺςbondN2 APM · δεσμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδεσμός: meaning 'bond'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἕωςas far asP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'as far as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τραχήλουneckN2 GSM · τράχηλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
14
διέκοψας ἐν ἐκστάσει κεφαλὰς δυναστῶν σεισθήσονται ἐν αὐτῇ διανοίξουσιν χαλινοὺς αὐτῶν ὡς ἔσθων πτωχὸς λάθρᾳ
You cut apart in astonishment the heads of rulers; they will be shaken in it; they will open their bridles like a poor man eating in secret.
The proud rulers are broken in panic. Their own movement and equipment become signs of instability under divine attack.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
διέκοψαςdissolveVAI AAI2S · κόπτω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκόπτω + δια: meaning 'dissolve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐκστάσειastonishmentN3I DSF · ἔκστασιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔκστασις: meaning 'astonishment'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κεφαλὰςheadN1 APF · κεφαλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δυναστῶνrulerN1M GPM · δυνάστηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδυνάστης: meaning 'ruler'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σεισθήσονταισείωVC FPI3P · σείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσείω: meaning 'σείω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇhisRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διανοίξουσινopen wideVF FAI3P · οἴγω + δια + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἴγω + δια + ἀνα: meaning 'open wide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χαλινοὺςbridleN2 APM · χαλινόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχαλινός: meaning 'bridle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσθωνeatV1 · παπνσμ ἐσθίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐσθίω: meaning 'eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτωχὸςpoorN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λάθρᾳsecretlyD · λάθραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastλάθρᾳ: meaning 'secretly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
15
καὶ ἐπεβίβασας εἰς θάλασσαν τοὺς ἵππους σου ταράσσοντας ὕδωρ πολύ
And you drove your horses into the sea, troubling the great waters.
The horse imagery returns to depict the Lord's mastery over the sea itself, reinforcing his freedom over primordial chaos and earthly threats alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεβίβασαςmountVAI AAI2S · βιβάζω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβιβάζω + ἐπι: meaning 'mount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππουςhorseN2 APM · ἵπποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ταράσσονταςshakeV1 · παπαπμ ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ ταράσσω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πολύgreatA1P ASN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'great'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
16
ἐφυλαξάμην καὶ ἐπτοήθη ἡ κοιλία μου ἀπὸ φωνῆς προσευχῆς χειλέων μου καὶ εἰσῆλθεν τρόμος εἰς τὰ ὀστᾶ μου καὶ ὑποκάτωθέν μου ἐταράχθη ἡ ἕξις μου ἀναπαύσομαι ἐν ἡμέρᾳ θλίψεως τοῦ ἀναβῆναι εἰς λαὸν παροικίας μου
I kept watch, and my belly was terrified at the sound of the prayer of my lips; trembling entered into my bones, and beneath me my very frame was disturbed. I will rest in the day of affliction, when I go up to the people of my sojourning.
The vision leaves Habakkuk bodily shaken, yet his fear settles into a posture of waiting. The verse is both confession of weakness and discipline of trust.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ἐφυλαξάμηνkeep watchVAI AMI1S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυλάσσω: meaning 'keep watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπτοήθηterrifyVCI API3S · πτοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπτοέω: meaning 'terrify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίαbellyN1A NSF · κοιλίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προσευχῆςprayerN1 GSF · προσευχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χειλέωνχεῖλοςN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχεῖλος: meaning 'χεῖλος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενenterVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τρόμοςtremblingN2 NSM · τρόμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτρόμος: meaning 'trembling'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀστᾶboneN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀστέον: meaning 'bone'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑποκάτωθένbeneathP · ὑποκάτωθενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑποκάτωθέν: meaning 'beneath'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐταράχθηshakeVQI API3S · ταράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕξιςframeN3I NSF · ἕξιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕξις: meaning 'frame'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀναπαύσομαι+ ἀναVF FMI1S · παύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαύω + ἀνα: meaning '+ ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θλίψεωςafflictionN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναβῆναι+ ἀναVB AAN · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning '+ ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παροικίαςsojourningN1A GSF · παροικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαροικία: meaning 'sojourning'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
διότι συκῆ οὐ καρποφορήσει καὶ οὐκ ἔσται γενήματα ἐν ταῖς ἀμπέλοις ψεύσεται ἔργον ἐλαίας καὶ τὰ πεδία οὐ ποιήσει βρῶσιν ἐξέλιπον ἀπὸ βρώσεως πρόβατα καὶ οὐχ ὑπάρχουσιν βόες ἐπὶ φάτναις
For the fig tree will not bear fruit, and there will be no produce on the vines; the work of the olive will fail, and the fields will yield no food; sheep have vanished from pasture, and there are no cattle at the mangers.
The prophet imagines total economic and agricultural collapse. Every ordinary source of sustenance is stripped away.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
διότιforC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συκῆfig treeN1 NSF · συκῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυκῆ: meaning 'fig tree'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρποφορήσειbear fruitVF FAI3S · καρποφορέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαρποφορέω: meaning 'bear fruit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γενήματαproduceN3M NPN · γένημαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγένημα: meaning 'produce'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμπέλοιςvineN2 DPF · ἄμπελοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ψεύσεταιfailVF FMI3S · ψεύδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureψεύδω: meaning 'fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργονworkN2N NSN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'work'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλαίαςoliveN1A GSF · ἐλαίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐλαία: meaning 'olive'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίαfieldN2N NPN · πεδίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπεδίον: meaning 'field'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειmakeVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βρῶσινfoodN3I ASF · βρῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβρῶσις: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξέλιπονvanishVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'vanish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βρώσεωςfoodN3I GSF · βρῶσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβρῶσις: meaning 'food'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πρόβαταsheepN2N NPN · πρόβατονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπάρχουσινbe presentV1 PAI3P · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'be present'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βόεςcattleN3 NPM · βοῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβοῦς: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φάτναιςmangerN1 DPF · φάτνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφάτνη: meaning 'manger'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
18
ἐγὼ δὲ ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ ἀγαλλιάσομαι χαρήσομαι ἐπὶ τῷ θεῷ τῷ σωτῆρί μου
Yet I will rejoice in the Lord; I will exult in God my savior.
Against that backdrop of loss, Habakkuk chooses joy in God alone. The verse states the theological heart of faithful endurance.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀγαλλιάσομαιrejoiceVF FMI1S · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χαρήσομαιexultVD FPI1S · χαίρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχαίρω: meaning 'exult'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτῆρίsaviorN3H DSM · σωτήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσωτήρ: meaning 'savior'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
κύριος ὁ θεὸς δύναμίς μου καὶ τάξει τοὺς πόδας μου εἰς συντέλειαν ἐπὶ τὰ ὑψηλὰ ἐπιβιβᾷ με τοῦ νικῆσαι ἐν τῇ ᾠδῇ αὐτοῦ
The Lord God is my strength, and he will set my feet toward the end; upon the heights he causes me to ride, so that I may conquer in his song.
The chapter closes with a personal confession of strength and elevation in the Lord, returning the prayer-hymn to confidence and musical triumph.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δύναμίςstrengthN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάξειsetVF FAI3S · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτάσσω: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαςfootN3D APM · πούςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συντέλειανcompletionN1A ASF · συντέλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'completion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλὰheightA1 APN · ὑψηλόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑψηλός: meaning 'height'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιβιβᾷmountVF2 FAI3S · βιβάζω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβιβάζω + ἐπι: meaning 'mount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεIRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νικῆσαιconquerVA AAN · νικάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementνικάω: meaning 'conquer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾠδῇsongN1 DSF · ᾠδήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceᾠδή: meaning 'song'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.