1
ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ ἔτει ἐπὶ Δαρείου τοῦ βασιλέως ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ἕκτῳ μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς ἐγένετο λόγος κύριου ἐν χειρὶ Αγγαιου τοῦ προφήτου λέγων εἰπὸν δὴ πρὸς Ζοροβαβελ τὸν τοῦ Σαλαθιηλ ἐκ φυλῆς Ιουδα καὶ πρὸς Ἰησοῦν τὸν τοῦ Ιωσεδεκ τὸν ἱερέα τὸν μέγαν λέγων
In the second year in the reign of Darius the king, in the sixth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came by the hand of Haggai the prophet, saying, Speak now to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, of the tribe of Judah, and to Jesus son of Josedek, the great priest, saying:
The chapter opens with a formal chronological heading and names both the governor and the high priest, presenting the oracle as a public word addressed to the restored community through its recognized leaders.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
δευτέρῳsecondA1A DSN · δεύτεροςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδεύτερος: 'second'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἔτος: 'year'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρείοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΔαρείος: Darius; Persian king whose regnal year supplies the historical frame for the oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceβασιλεύς: 'king'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμήν: 'month'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἕκτῳsixthA1 DSM · ἕκτοςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἕκτος: 'sixth'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
μιᾷoneA1A DSF · εἷςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἷς: 'one'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμήν: 'month'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἐγένετοcome to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceγίγνομαι: 'come to pass'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλόγος: 'word'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
κύριουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceχείρ: 'hand'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ΑγγαιουHaggaiN2 GSM · Αγγαιοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΑγγαιος: Haggai; the prophet through whom the dated divine word is delivered to the post-exilic community.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: 'prophet'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
λέγωνπαπνσμ λέγωV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαπνσμ λέγω: 'παπνσμ λέγω'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
εἰπὸνsayVB AAD2S · εἶπονimperative verbal form issuing a direct command→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἶπον: 'say'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
δὴnowX · δήparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδή: 'now'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπρός: 'to'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ΖοροβαβελZerubbabelN DSM · Ζοροβαβελnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΖοροβαβελ: Zerubbabel; Davidic governor of Judah and one of the chief addressees of the oracle.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΣαλαθιηλShealtielN GSM · Σαλαθιηλnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΣαλαθιηλ: 'Shealtiel'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐκ: 'from'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφυλή: 'tribe'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΙουδα: 'Judah'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπρός: 'to'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ἸησοῦνJesusN ASM · Ἰησοῦςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἸησοῦς: Jesus (Joshua); the high priest who receives and obeys the prophetic summons alongside Zerubbabel.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΙωσεδεκJosedekN GSM · Ιωσεδεκnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΙωσεδεκ: 'Josedek'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἱερέαpriestN3V ASM · ἱερεύςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἱερεύς: 'priest'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μέγανgreatA1P ASM · μέγαςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμέγας: 'great'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
λέγωνπαπνσμ λέγωV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαπνσμ λέγω: 'παπνσμ λέγω'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
2
τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ λέγων ὁ λαὸς οὗτος λέγουσιν οὐχ ἥκει ὁ καιρὸς τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι τὸν οἶκον κυρίου
Thus says the Lord Almighty: This people says, The time has not come to build the house of the Lord.
The people’s excuse is quoted before it is answered. Their delay is framed not as prudence but as a revealing speech-act that exposes their priorities.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τάδεthese thingsRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὅδε: 'these things'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλέγω: 'say'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
παντοκράτωρπαντοκράτωρN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαντοκράτωρ: Almighty; divine epithet stressing the Lord's universal authority over the community and its circumstances.
λέγωνπαπνσμ λέγωV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαπνσμ λέγω: 'παπνσμ λέγω'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλαός: people; the covenant community addressed, rebuked, and then stirred to obedience.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοὗτος: 'this'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
λέγουσινsayV1 PAI3P · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλέγω: 'say'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοὐ: standard marker of negation in declarative clauses.
ἥκειhave comeV1 PAI3S · ἥκωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἥκω: 'have come'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καιρὸςtimeN2 NSM · καιρόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαιρός: 'time'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἰκοδομῆσαιbuildVA AAN · οἰκοδομέωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἶκος: house; in this chapter the term moves between ordinary dwellings and, climactically, the Lord's temple that must be rebuilt.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
3
καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου ἐν χειρὶ Αγγαιου τοῦ προφήτου λέγων
And the word of the Lord came by the hand of Haggai the prophet, saying:
A fresh introduction marks the transition from the people’s slogan to the Lord’s direct rebuttal through the prophet.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐγένετοcome to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceγίγνομαι: 'come to pass'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλόγος: 'word'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceχείρ: 'hand'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ΑγγαιουHaggaiN2 GSM · Αγγαιοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΑγγαιος: Haggai; the prophet through whom the dated divine word is delivered to the post-exilic community.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: 'prophet'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
λέγωνπαπνσμ λέγωV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαπνσμ λέγω: 'παπνσμ λέγω'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
4
εἰ καιρὸς ὑμῖν μέν ἐστιν τοῦ οἰκεῖν ἐν οἴκοις ὑμῶν κοιλοστάθμοις ὁ δὲ οἶκος οὗτος ἐξηρήμωται
Is it time for you yourselves to dwell in your paneled houses while this house has been left desolate?
The rhetorical question sharpens the moral contrast between private comfort and cultic neglect. The people’s finished homes stand as visible evidence against them.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰ: 'if'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
καιρὸςtimeN2 NSM · καιρόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαιρός: 'time'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ὑμῖνyouRP DP · σύpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
μένindeedX · μένparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμέν: 'indeed'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐστινεἰμίV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰμί: 'εἰμί'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἰκεῖνdwellV2 PAN · οἰκέωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἰκέω: 'dwell'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
οἴκοιςhouseN2 DPM · οἶκοςdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἶκος: house; in this chapter the term moves between ordinary dwellings and, climactically, the Lord's temple that must be rebuilt.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
κοιλοστάθμοιςpaneled houseN2 DPM · κοιλόσταθμοςdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκοιλόσταθμος: 'paneled house'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
δὲbutX · δέparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδέ: 'but'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἶκος: house; in this chapter the term moves between ordinary dwellings and, climactically, the Lord's temple that must be rebuilt.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοὗτος: 'this'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
ἐξηρήμωταιlie desolateVM XMI3S · ἐρημόω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐρημόω + ἐκ: 'lie desolate'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
5
καὶ νῦν τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ τάξατε δὴ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς ὑμῶν
And now, thus says the Lord Almighty: Set your hearts, now, upon your ways.
The idiom calls for deliberate reflection. The people are summoned to interpret their circumstances morally rather than merely endure them.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceνῦν: 'now'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
τάδεthese thingsRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὅδε: 'these things'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλέγω: 'say'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
παντοκράτωρπαντοκράτωρN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαντοκράτωρ: Almighty; divine epithet stressing the Lord's universal authority over the community and its circumstances.
τάξατεsetVA AAD2P · τάσσωimperative verbal form issuing a direct command→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceτάσσω: 'set'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
δὴnowX · δήparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδή: 'now'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καρδίαςheartN1A APF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαρδία: heart; the interior center of thought and resolve, here summoned to moral reflection.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
εἰςtowardP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰς: 'toward'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὁδοὺςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁδός: 'way'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
6
ἐσπείρατε πολλὰ καὶ εἰσηνέγκατε ὀλίγα ἐφάγετε καὶ οὐκ εἰς πλησμονήν ἐπίετε καὶ οὐκ εἰς μέθην περιεβάλεσθε καὶ οὐκ ἐθερμάνθητε ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ ὁ τοὺς μισθοὺς συνάγων συνήγαγεν εἰς δεσμὸν τετρυπημένον
You sowed much and brought in little; you ate, but not to fullness; you drank, but not to drunken satisfaction; you clothed yourselves, but were not warmed by them; and the one gathering wages gathered them into a bag full of holes.
A chain of frustrated labors depicts life under covenantal futility. Every sphere of ordinary provision proves insufficient, culminating in wages that immediately disappear.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
ἐσπείρατεsowVAI AAI2P · σπείρωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσπείρω: 'sow'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
πολλὰmuchA1 APN · πολύςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπολύς: 'much'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
εἰσηνέγκατεbring inVAI AAI2P · φέρω + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφέρω + εἰς: 'bring in'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
ὀλίγαlittleA1 APN · ὀλίγοςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὀλίγος: 'little'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
ἐφάγετεeatVBI AAI2P · ἐσθίωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐσθίω: 'eat'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοὐ: standard marker of negation in declarative clauses.
εἰςtowardP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰς: 'toward'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
πλησμονήνfullnessN1 ASF · πλησμονήaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπλησμονή: 'fullness'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἐπίετεdrinkVBI AAI2P · πίνωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπίνω: 'drink'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοὐ: standard marker of negation in declarative clauses.
εἰςtowardP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰς: 'toward'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
μέθηνdrunkennessN1 ASF · μέθηaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμέθη: 'drunkenness'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
περιεβάλεσθεclothe yourselvesVBI AMI2P · βάλλω + περιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceβάλλω + περι: 'clothe yourselves'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοὐ: standard marker of negation in declarative clauses.
ἐθερμάνθητεbe warmedVCI API2P · θερμαίνωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceθερμαίνω: 'be warmed'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
αὐτοῖςitRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μισθοὺςwageN2 APM · μισθόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμισθός: 'wage'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
συνάγωνπαπνσμ ἄγω συνV1 · παπνσμ ἄγω + συνparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαπνσμ ἄγω + συν: 'παπνσμ ἄγω συν'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
συνήγαγενgatherVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + συνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἄγω + συν: 'gather'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
εἰςtowardP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰς: 'toward'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
δεσμὸνbagN2 ASM · δεσμόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδεσμός: 'bag'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τετρυπημένονχμπασμ τρυπάωVM · χμπασμ τρυπάωparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceχμπασμ τρυπάω: 'χμπασμ τρυπάω'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
7
τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ θέσθε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν εἰς τὰς ὁδοὺς ὑμῶν
Thus says the Lord Almighty: Set your hearts upon your ways.
The earlier summons is repeated for emphasis. Reflection is meant to lead beyond recognition of failure into responsive obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
τάδεthese thingsRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὅδε: 'these things'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλέγω: 'say'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
παντοκράτωρπαντοκράτωρN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαντοκράτωρ: Almighty; divine epithet stressing the Lord's universal authority over the community and its circumstances.
θέσθεsetVE AMD2P · τίθημιimperative verbal form issuing a direct command→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceτίθημι: 'set'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καρδίαςheartN1A APF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαρδία: heart; the interior center of thought and resolve, here summoned to moral reflection.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
εἰςtowardP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰς: 'toward'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὁδοὺςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁδός: 'way'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
8
ἀνάβητε ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος καὶ κόψατε ξύλα καὶ οἰκοδομήσατε τὸν οἶκον καὶ εὐδοκήσω ἐν αὐτῷ καὶ ἐνδοξασθήσομαι εἶπεν κύριος
Go up to the mountain, cut timber, and build the house; and I will take pleasure in it and will be glorified in it, says the Lord.
The rebuke turns practical. The Lord names both the concrete labor required and the theological end of the work: his pleasure and glory in the restored house.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἀνάβητεgo upVB AAS2P · βαίνω + ἀναimperative verbal form issuing a direct command→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceβαίνω + ἀνα: 'go up'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὄρος: 'mountain'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
κόψατεcutVA AAD2P · κόπτωimperative verbal form issuing a direct command→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκόπτω: 'cut'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ξύλαwoodN2N APN · ξύλονaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceξύλον: 'wood'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
οἰκοδομήσατεbuildVA AAD2P · οἰκοδομέωimperative verbal form issuing a direct command→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἰκοδομέω: 'build'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἶκος: house; in this chapter the term moves between ordinary dwellings and, climactically, the Lord's temple that must be rebuilt.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
εὐδοκήσωtake pleasureVF FAI1S · εὐδοκέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεὐδοκέω: 'take pleasure'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
αὐτῷitRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐνδοξασθήσομαιbe glorifiedVS FPI1S · δοξάζομαι + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδοξάζομαι + ἐν: 'be glorified'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἶπον: 'say'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
9
ἐπεβλέψατε εἰς πολλά καὶ ἐγένετο ὀλίγα καὶ εἰσηνέχθη εἰς τὸν οἶκον καὶ ἐξεφύσησα αὐτά διὰ τοῦτο τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἀνθ' ὧν ὁ οἶκός μού ἐστιν ἔρημος ὑμεῖς δὲ διώκετε ἕκαστος εἰς τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ
You looked for much, and it became little; and it was brought into the house, and I blew it away. For this reason, thus says the Lord Almighty: Because my house is desolate, while you each hurry to your own house.
The Lord explicitly claims agency in the people’s losses. Material disappointment is interpreted as judgment proportionate to their misplaced urgency for private interests.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ἐπεβλέψατεlook forVAI AAI2P · βλέπω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceβλέπω + ἐπι: 'look for'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
εἰςtowardP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰς: 'toward'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
πολλάmuchA1 APN · πολύςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπολύς: 'much'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐγένετοcome to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceγίγνομαι: 'come to pass'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ὀλίγαlittleA1 NPN · ὀλίγοςadjectival element describing a noun or functioning substantivally in the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὀλίγος: 'little'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
εἰσηνέχθηbring inVQI API3S · φέρω + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφέρω + εἰς: 'bring in'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
εἰςtowardP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰς: 'toward'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἶκος: house; in this chapter the term moves between ordinary dwellings and, climactically, the Lord's temple that must be rebuilt.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐξεφύσησαblow awayVAI AAI1S · φυσάω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφυσάω + ἐκ: 'blow away'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
αὐτάitRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδιά: 'because of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοὗτος: 'this'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
τάδεthese thingsRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὅδε: 'these things'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλέγω: 'say'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
παντοκράτωρπαντοκράτωρN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαντοκράτωρ: Almighty; divine epithet stressing the Lord's universal authority over the community and its circumstances.
ἀνθ'because ofP · ἀντίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἀντί: 'because of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ὧνὅςRR GPN · ὅςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὅς: 'ὅς'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἶκόςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἶκος: house; in this chapter the term moves between ordinary dwellings and, climactically, the Lord's temple that must be rebuilt.
μούIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐγώ: 'I'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
ἐστινεἰμίV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰμί: 'εἰμί'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἔρημοςdesolateN2 NSF · ἔρημοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἔρημος: 'desolate'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
δὲbutX · δέparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδέ: 'but'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
διώκετεhurryV1 PAI2P · διώκωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδιώκω: 'hurry'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςadjectival element describing a noun or functioning substantivally in the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἕκαστος: 'each'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
εἰςtowardP · εἰςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰς: 'toward'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἶκος: house; in this chapter the term moves between ordinary dwellings and, climactically, the Lord's temple that must be rebuilt.
αὐτοῦitRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
10
διὰ τοῦτο ἀνέξει ὁ οὐρανὸς ἀπὸ δρόσου καὶ ἡ γῆ ὑποστελεῖται τὰ ἐκφόρια αὐτῆς
Therefore the sky will hold back its dew, and the earth will withhold its produce.
The judgment extends through creation itself: heaven and earth are depicted as restrained, signaling that agricultural scarcity answers human neglect.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδιά: 'because of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοὗτος: 'this'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
ἀνέξειhold backVF FAI3S · ἔχω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἔχω + ἀνα: 'hold back'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οὐρανὸςskyN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοὐρανός: 'sky'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἀπό: 'from'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
δρόσουdewN2 GSF · δρόσοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδρόσος: 'dew'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆγῆN1 NSF · γῆnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceγῆ: 'γῆ'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ὑποστελεῖταιwithholdVF2 FMI3S · στέλλω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceστέλλω + ὑπο: 'withhold'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἐκφόριαproduceN2N APN · ἐκφόριονaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐκφόριον: 'produce'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
αὐτῆςitRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
11
καὶ ἐπάξω ῥομφαίαν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν σῖτον καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶνον καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἔλαιον καὶ ὅσα ἐκφέρει ἡ γῆ καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ ἐπὶ τὰ κτήνη καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς πόνους τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν
And I will bring a sword upon the land and upon the mountains and upon the grain and upon the wine and upon the oil and upon whatever the earth brings forth and upon human beings and upon cattle and upon all the labors of their hands.
The LXX wording broadens the threat into a sweeping visitation that touches produce, livestock, and human work alike. The judgment is comprehensive rather than narrowly symbolic.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐπάξωbringVF FAI1S · ἄγω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἄγω + ἐπι: 'bring'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceῥομφαία: sword; the LXX form of judgment imagery here extending divine visitation over the land and its produce.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆνγῆN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceγῆ: 'γῆ'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ὄρηmountainN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὄρος: 'mountain'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
σῖτονgrainN2 ASM · σῖτοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσῖτος: 'grain'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἶνος: 'wine'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἔλαιον: 'oil'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ὅσαwhateverA1 APN · ὅσοςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὅσος: 'whatever'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
ἐκφέρειbring forthV1 PAI3S · φέρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφέρω + ἐκ: 'bring forth'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
γῆγῆN1 NSF · γῆnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceγῆ: 'γῆ'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίD · καίparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἀνθρώπουςhuman beingN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἄνθρωπος: 'human being'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κτήνηcattleN3E APN · κτῆνοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκτῆνος: 'cattle'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
πάνταςallA1S APM · πᾶςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπᾶς: 'all'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πόνουςlaborN2 APM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπόνος: 'labor'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
χειρῶνhandN3 GPF · χείρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceχείρ: 'hand'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
αὐτῶνitRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
12
καὶ ἤκουσεν Ζοροβαβελ ὁ τοῦ Σαλαθιηλ ἐκ φυλῆς Ιουδα καὶ Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ιωσεδεκ ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας καὶ πάντες οἱ κατάλοιποι τοῦ λαοῦ τῆς φωνῆς κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν λόγων Αγγαιου τοῦ προφήτου καθότι ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτὸν κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτῶν πρὸς αὐτούς καὶ ἐφοβήθη ὁ λαὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου
And Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, of the tribe of Judah, and Jesus son of Josedek, the great priest, and all the remnant of the people listened to the voice of the Lord their God and to the words of Haggai the prophet, because the Lord their God had sent him to them; and the people feared before the Lord.
The leaders and remnant answer the oracle with obedient hearing and reverent fear. The prophet’s authority is recognized precisely as a divine sending.
Word-by-word analysis· 52 words
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἤκουσενlistenVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἀκούω: 'listen'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ΖοροβαβελZerubbabelN NSM · Ζοροβαβελnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΖοροβαβελ: Zerubbabel; Davidic governor of Judah and one of the chief addressees of the oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΣαλαθιηλShealtielN GSM · Σαλαθιηλnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΣαλαθιηλ: 'Shealtiel'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐκ: 'from'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφυλή: 'tribe'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΙουδα: 'Judah'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἸησοῦςJesusN NSM · Ἰησοῦςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἸησοῦς: Jesus (Joshua); the high priest who receives and obeys the prophetic summons alongside Zerubbabel.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΙωσεδεκJosedekN GSM · Ιωσεδεκnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΙωσεδεκ: 'Josedek'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἱερεύς: 'priest'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival element describing a noun or functioning substantivally in the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμέγας: 'great'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
πάντεςallA1S NPM · πᾶςadjectival element describing a noun or functioning substantivally in the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπᾶς: 'all'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
κατάλοιποιremnantA1B NPM · κατάλοιποςadjectival element describing a noun or functioning substantivally in the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκατάλοιπος: 'remnant'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλαός: people; the covenant community addressed, rebuked, and then stirred to obedience.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφωνή: 'voice'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceθεός: 'God'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
αὐτῶνitRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λόγωνwordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλόγος: 'word'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ΑγγαιουHaggaiN2 GSM · Αγγαιοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΑγγαιος: Haggai; the prophet through whom the dated divine word is delivered to the post-exilic community.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπροφήτης: 'prophet'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καθότιbecauseD · καθότιparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαθότι: 'because'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐξαπέστειλενsend outVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: 'send out'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
αὐτὸνitRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceθεός: 'God'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
αὐτῶνitRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπρός: 'to'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
αὐτούςitRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐφοβήθηfearVCI API3S · φοβέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφοβέω: 'fear'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλαός: people; the covenant community addressed, rebuked, and then stirred to obedience.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἀπό: 'from'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
προσώπουpresenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπρόσωπον: 'presence'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
13
καὶ εἶπεν Αγγαιος ὁ ἄγγελος κυρίου τῷ λαῷ ἐγώ εἰμι μεθ' ὑμῶν λέγει κύριος
And Haggai, the messenger of the Lord, said to the people with the Lord’s message, I am with you, says the Lord.
After fear comes assurance. The prophetic role is briefly described as messenger, and the decisive promise is the Lord’s own presence with the community.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἶπον: 'say'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ΑγγαιοςHaggaiN NSM · Αγγαιοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΑγγαιος: Haggai; the prophet through whom the dated divine word is delivered to the post-exilic community.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἄγγελοςmessengerN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἄγγελος: 'messenger'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λαῷpeopleN2 DSM · λαόςdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλαός: people; the covenant community addressed, rebuked, and then stirred to obedience.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐγώ: 'I'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
εἰμιεἰμίV9 PAI1S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰμί: 'εἰμί'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
μεθ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμετά: 'with'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ὑμῶνyouRP GP · σύpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceσύ: 'you'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλέγω: 'say'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
14
καὶ ἐξήγειρεν κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα Ζοροβαβελ τοῦ Σαλαθιηλ ἐκ φυλῆς Ιουδα καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα Ἰησοῦ τοῦ Ιωσεδεκ τοῦ ἱερέως τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τῶν καταλοίπων παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ εἰσῆλθον καὶ ἐποίουν ἔργα ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ κυρίου παντοκράτορος θεοῦ αὐτῶν
And the Lord stirred up the spirit of Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, of the tribe of Judah, and the spirit of Jesus son of Josedek, the great priest, and the spirit of all the remnant of the people; and they entered and were doing work in the house of the Lord Almighty, their God.
Obedience is attributed not only to human resolve but to divine stirring. The verse joins leadership and remnant in a single Spirit-awakened movement toward temple labor.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐξήγειρενstir upV1I IAI3S · ἀγείρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἀγείρω + ἐκ: 'stir up'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπνεῦμα: spirit; the animating inner disposition that the Lord himself arouses for obedience.
ΖοροβαβελZerubbabelN GSM · Ζοροβαβελnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΖοροβαβελ: Zerubbabel; Davidic governor of Judah and one of the chief addressees of the oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΣαλαθιηλShealtielN GSM · Σαλαθιηλnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΣαλαθιηλ: 'Shealtiel'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐκ: 'from'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceφυλή: 'tribe'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΙουδα: 'Judah'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπνεῦμα: spirit; the animating inner disposition that the Lord himself arouses for obedience.
ἸησοῦJesusN GSM · Ἰησοῦςnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἸησοῦς: Jesus (Joshua); the high priest who receives and obeys the prophetic summons alongside Zerubbabel.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ΙωσεδεκJosedekN GSM · Ιωσεδεκnominal element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΙωσεδεκ: 'Josedek'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἱερέωςpriestN3V GSM · ἱερεύςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἱερεύς: 'priest'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμέγας: 'great'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπνεῦμα: spirit; the animating inner disposition that the Lord himself arouses for obedience.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
καταλοίπωνremnantA1B GPM · κατάλοιποςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκατάλοιπος: 'remnant'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
παντὸςallA1S GSM · πᾶςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπᾶς: 'all'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceλαός: people; the covenant community addressed, rebuked, and then stirred to obedience.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
εἰσῆλθονenterVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἔρχομαι + εἰς: 'enter'; compound verbal or prepositional lexeme whose prefixed form sharpens the action in context.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
ἐποίουνdoV2I IAI3P · ποιέωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceποιέω: 'do'; verbal lexeme used here in the form demanded by the clause.
ἔργαworkN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἔργον: 'work'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐν: 'in'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceοἶκος: house; in this chapter the term moves between ordinary dwellings and, climactically, the Lord's temple that must be rebuilt.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκύριος: Lord; the covenantal divine title used throughout the oracle for Israel's God as speaker and actor.
παντοκράτοροςπαντοκράτωρN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceπαντοκράτωρ: Almighty; divine epithet stressing the Lord's universal authority over the community and its circumstances.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceθεός: 'God'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
αὐτῶνitRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to a participant, referent, or discourse link within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceαὐτός: 'it'; pronominal lexeme identifying a participant or linking the discourse.
15
τῇ τετράδι καὶ εἰκάδι τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ ἕκτου τῷ δευτέρῳ ἔτει ἐπὶ Δαρείου τοῦ βασιλέως
On the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month, in the second year in the reign of Darius the king.
The closing date records how quickly the response took form, anchoring the renewed labor in public time and underlining the historical concreteness of the account.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
τετράδιfourthN3D DSF · τετράςdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceτετράς: 'fourth'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
καὶκαίC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking words, phrases, or clauses→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceκαί: 'καί'; lexical item interpreted according to its immediate role in the prophetic discourse.
εἰκάδιtwentiethN3D DSF · εἰκάςdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceεἰκάς: 'twentieth'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceμήν: 'month'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
ἕκτουsixthA1 GSM · ἕκτοςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἕκτος: 'sixth'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
δευτέρῳsecondA1A DSN · δεύτεροςadjectival form qualifying a substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceδεύτερος: 'second'; adjectival lexeme qualifying a noun or functioning substantivally in context.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative element functioning within the clause→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἔτος: 'year'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.
ἐπὶin the time ofP · ἐπίpreposition governing its object within the phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceἐπί: 'in the time of'; prepositional lexeme marking the relation of its object to the clause.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρείοςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceΔαρείος: Darius; Persian king whose regnal year supplies the historical frame for the oracle.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following substantive or phrase→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceὁ: Greek article marking the substantive or substantival phrase in its local case, number, and gender.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ temple neglect, covenant chastening, and renewed obedienceβασιλεύς: 'king'; nominal lexeme naming a participant, object, place, or abstract concept in the oracle.