1
τῷ ἑβδόμῳ μηνὶ μιᾷ καὶ εἰκάδι τοῦ μηνὸς ἐλάλησεν κύριος ἐν χειρὶ Αγγαιου τοῦ προφήτου λέγων
In the seventh month, on the twenty-first day of the month, the Lord spoke by the hand of Haggai the prophet, saying,
The verse carefully dates the second oracle and marks it as direct divine speech mediated through Haggai. The formal introduction signals a fresh response to the community’s present discouragement.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμῳseventhA1 DSM · ἕβδομοςordinal adjective in roster→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἕβδομος: meaning 'seventh'; it serves as ordinal adjective in roster.
μηνὶmonthN3 DSM · μήνdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
μιᾷoneA1A DSF · εἷςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμιᾷ: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰκάδιtwentiethN3D DSF · εἰκάςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰκάς: meaning 'twentieth'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependent→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΑγγαιουHaggaiN2 GSM · Αγγαιοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΑγγαιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτουprophetN1M GSM · προφήτηςgenitive dependent→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive dependent.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
2
εἰπὸν δὴ πρὸς Ζοροβαβελ τὸν τοῦ Σαλαθιηλ ἐκ φυλῆς Ιουδα καὶ πρὸς Ἰησοῦν τὸν τοῦ Ιωσεδεκ τὸν ἱερέα τὸν μέγαν καὶ πρὸς πάντας τοὺς καταλοίπους τοῦ λαοῦ λέγων
Speak now to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, of the tribe of Judah, and to Jesus son of Jozadak the great priest, and to all the remnant of the people, saying,
The addressees include both civil and priestly leadership together with the surviving community. The oracle is deliberately public and corporate rather than private.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
εἰπὸνspeak / sayVB AAD2S · εἶπονmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine imperative to Moses).
δὴnowX · δήparticle of urgency→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΖοροβαβελZerubbabelN ASM · Ζοροβαβελnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΖοροβαβελ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλαθιηλSalathielN GSM · Σαλαθιηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΣαλαθιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name within the list or clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἸησοῦνJoshuaN ASM · Ἰησοῦςaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἸησοῦν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (recipient of speech).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωσεδεκIosedekN GSM · Ιωσεδεκproper name within the returnee register or restoration narrative→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΙωσεδεκ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the returnee register or restoration narrative.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέαpriestN3V ASM · ἱερεύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέγανgreatA1P ASM · μέγαςadjectival modifier→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάνταςall / everyA1S APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλοίπουςremnantA1B APM · κατάλοιποςaccusative object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκατάλοιπος: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
3
τίς ἐξ ὑμῶν ὃς εἶδεν τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ τῇ ἔμπροσθεν καὶ πῶς ὑμεῖς βλέπετε αὐτὸν νῦν καθὼς οὐχ ὑπάρχοντα ἐνώπιον ὑμῶν
Who is there among you that saw this house in its former glory? And how do you see it now? Is it not as though it were nothing before you?
The prophet gives voice to the painful comparison between Solomon’s temple and the present structure. The question legitimizes grief without allowing it to become paralysis.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦτονtheseRD ASM · οὗτοςpronoun→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦτον: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξῃgloryN1S DSF · δόξαdative complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as dative complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔμπροσθενformerly / beforeD · ἔμπροσθενnominal element in the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'formerly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπῶς: meaning 'how'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
βλέπετεblepoV1 PAI2P · βλέπωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseβλέπω: meaning 'blepo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑπάρχονταὑποV1 · παπασμ ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the clause action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπασμ ἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
4
καὶ νῦν κατίσχυε Ζοροβαβελ λέγει κύριος καὶ κατίσχυε Ἰησοῦ ὁ τοῦ Ιωσεδεκ ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας καὶ κατισχυέτω πᾶς ὁ λαὸς τῆς γῆς λέγει κύριος καὶ ποιεῖτε διότι μεθ' ὑμῶν ἐγώ εἰμι λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
But now be strong, Zerubbabel, says the Lord, and be strong, Jesus son of Jozadak, the great priest, and let all the people of the land be strong, says the Lord, and work, because I am with you, says the Lord Almighty.
The repeated command to be strong redirects the community from nostalgia to obedience. The ground of the exhortation is not visible success but the Lord’s own presence among them.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυεκαταV1 PAD2S · ἰσχύω + καταinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ΖοροβαβελZorobabelN VSM · Ζοροβαβελproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΖοροβαβελ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατίσχυεκαταV1 PAD2S · ἰσχύω + καταinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἸησοῦJeshuaN VSM · Ἰησοῦςproper name or indeclinable element within the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἸησοῦ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable element within the sequence.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωσεδεκIosedekN GSM · Ιωσεδεκproper name within the returnee register or restoration narrative→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΙωσεδεκ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the returnee register or restoration narrative.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestsN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative term in clause/list→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατισχυέτωκαταV1 PAD3S · ἰσχύω + καταinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
πᾶςeveryoneA1S NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 VSM · λαόςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςland / earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιεῖτεdidV2 PAD2P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰμιbeV9 PAI1S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
5
καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου ἐφέστηκεν ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν θαρσεῖτε
And my Spirit stands in your midst; take courage.
The short saying condenses the theological center of the encouragement. The community’s courage rests on the active, continuing presence of God’s Spirit.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμάspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαsubject of ἀνεζωπύρησεν→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as subject of ἀνεζωπύρησεν.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐφέστηκενἐπιVXI XAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσῳmesosA1 DSN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμέσος: meaning 'mesos'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
θαρσεῖτεtake courageV2 PAD2P · θαρρέωverbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseθαρρέω: meaning 'take courage'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element expressing action, process, or state within the clause.
6
διότι τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἔτι ἅπαξ ἐγὼ σείσω τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τὴν ξηράν
For thus says the Lord Almighty: Yet once more, in a little while, I will shake the heaven and the earth and the sea and the dry land,
The horizon widens abruptly from local discouragement to universal divine intervention. The restoration of the temple is placed within the Lord’s rule over the whole created order.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἅπαξonce moreD · ἅπαξadverbial modifier within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἅπαξ: meaning 'once more'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σείσωshakeVF FAI1S · σείωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσείω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ξηράνdry landA1A ASF · ξηρόςgenitive noun with ἐπί marking the landward sphere→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseξηρός: meaning 'dry land'; it serves as genitive noun with ἐπί marking the landward sphere.
7
καὶ συσσείσω πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ ἥξει τὰ ἐκλεκτὰ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν καὶ πλήσω τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον δόξης λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
and I will shake all the nations, and the choice things of all the nations shall come, and I will fill this house with glory, says the Lord Almighty.
The nations are not merely disturbed; their wealth or prized offerings are drawn into the Lord’s purpose. The rebuilt house will receive glory from God that transcends present appearances.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συσσείσωσυνVF FAI1S · σείω + συνfinite verb governing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσείω + συν: meaning 'συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
πάνταallA1S APN · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτὰchosenA1 APN · ἐκλεκτόςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
πάντωνeveryoneA1S GPN · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλήσωfillVF FAI1S · πίμπλημιmain verb (divine command to Samuel)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπίμπλημι: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine command to Samuel).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦτονtheseRD ASM · οὗτοςpronoun→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦτον: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
8
ἐμὸν τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ ἐμὸν τὸ χρυσίον λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
The silver is mine, and the gold is mine, says the Lord Almighty.
The verse rebukes any fear that material poverty limits God’s plan. Since all wealth already belongs to the Lord, the future splendor of the house depends on his will rather than human resources.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐμὸνmyA1 NSN · ἐμόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N NSN · ἀργύριονnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμὸνmyA1 NSN · ἐμόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐμός: meaning 'my'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldN2N NSN · χρυσίονnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
9
διότι μεγάλη ἔσται ἡ δόξα τοῦ οἴκου τούτου ἡ ἐσχάτη ὑπὲρ τὴν πρώτην λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ καὶ ἐν τῷ τόπῳ τούτῳ δώσω εἰρήνην λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ καὶ εἰρήνην ψυχῆς εἰς περιποίησιν παντὶ τῷ κτίζοντι τοῦ ἀναστῆσαι τὸν ναὸν τοῦτον
For the latter glory of this house shall be greater than the former, says the Lord Almighty, and in this place I will give peace, says the Lord Almighty, even peace of soul for preservation to everyone who builds to raise up this temple.
The oracle culminates in a reversal of the community’s comparison with the past. The house’s final significance lies not only in magnificence but in the peace bestowed there by God.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἔσταιyou wereV9 FMI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰμί: meaning 'you were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξαgloryN1S NSF · δόξαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τούτουthis / theseRD GSM · οὗτοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσχάτηlastA1 NSF · ἔσχατοςattributive adjective (with κακία: 'this last evil')→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔσχατος: meaning 'last'; it serves as attributive adjective (with κακία: 'this last evil').
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτηνfirstA1 ASF · πρῶτοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
τούτῳto himRD DSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτούτῳ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
δώσωI will giveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδίδωμι: meaning 'I will give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήobject of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as object of περί within the idiom περὶ ψυχῆς.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
περιποίησινsurvivorN3I ASF · περιποίησιςcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπεριποίησις: meaning 'survivor'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
παντὶeveryoneA1S DSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτίζοντιπαπδσμ κτίζωV1 · παπδσμ κτίζωverbal form carrying the clause action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπδσμ κτίζω: meaning 'παπδσμ κτίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναστῆσαιistemi + anaVA AAN · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'istemi + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναὸνtempleN2 ASM · ναόςgenitive dependent→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitive dependent.
τοῦτονtheseRD ASM · οὗτοςpronoun→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦτον: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
10
τετράδι καὶ εἰκάδι τοῦ ἐνάτου μηνὸς ἔτους δευτέρου ἐπὶ Δαρείου ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρὸς Αγγαιον τὸν προφήτην λέγων
On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, in the second year of Darius, the word of the Lord came to Haggai the prophet, saying,
A new date marks a shift from encouragement to diagnostic instruction. The prophetic sequence is structured carefully around historical moments in the rebuilding effort.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τετράδιtwenty-fourthM DSF · τετράςdative element marking reference, means, or association→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτετράς: meaning 'twenty-fourth'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰκάδιtwentiethN3D DSF · εἰκάςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰκάς: meaning 'twentieth'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνάτουninthA1 GSM · ἔνατοςordinal modifier of μηνὸς→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔνατος: meaning 'ninth'; it serves as ordinal modifier of μηνὸς.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependent→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἔτουςyearsN3E GSN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
δευτέρουsecondA1A GSM · δεύτεροςordinal adjective in roster→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδεύτερος: meaning 'second'; it serves as ordinal adjective in roster.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΔαρείουDariusN2 GSM · Δαρείοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΔαρείου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseγίγνομαι: meaning 'it happened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΑγγαιονHaggaiN2 ASN · Αγγαιοςnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΑγγαιον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηνprophetN1M ASM · προφήτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
11
τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἐπερώτησον τοὺς ἱερεῖς νόμον λέγων
Thus says the Lord Almighty: Ask the priests for a ruling, saying,
Haggai appeals to priestly expertise to interpret the people’s condition. The move links prophetic accusation with the categories of cultic law.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπερώτησονἐπιVA AAD2S · ἐρωτάω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐρωτάω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
12
ἐὰν λάβῃ ἄνθρωπος κρέας ἅγιον ἐν τῷ ἄκρῳ τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἅψηται τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ ἱματίου αὐτοῦ ἄρτου ἢ ἑψέματος ἢ οἴνου ἢ ἐλαίου ἢ παντὸς βρώματος εἰ ἁγιασθήσεται καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ εἶπαν οὔ
If someone carries holy meat in the fold of his garment, and the fold of his garment touches bread or cooked food or wine or oil or any other food, will it become holy? And the priests answered and said, “No.”
The question establishes an asymmetry in ritual contagion. Mere contact with what is holy does not automatically sanctify ordinary things.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
λάβῃtookVB AAS3S · λαμβάνωmain verb→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'took'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κρέαςfleshN3 ASN · κρέαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκρέας: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἅγιονholyA1A ASN · ἅγιοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρῳtips / endsA1A DSM · ἄκροςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἄκρος: meaning 'tips'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱματίουgarmentsN2N GSN · ἱμάτιονnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅψηταιtouchVA AMS3S · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἅπτομαι: meaning 'touch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκρονtips / endsA1A NSN · ἄκροςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἄκρος: meaning 'tips'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱματίουgarmentsN2N GSN · ἱμάτιονnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἄρτουbreadN2 GSM · ἄρτοςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑψέματοςἕψεμαN3M GSN · ἕψεμαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἕψεμα: meaning 'ἕψεμα'; it serves as genitive modifier within the phrase.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαίουoilN2N GSN · ἔλαιονcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὸςeveryoneA1S GSN · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
βρώματοςfoodN3M GSN · βρῶμαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseβρῶμα: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁγιασθήσεταιconsecrateVS FPI3S · ἁγιάζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἁγιάζω: meaning 'consecrate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθησανanswerVCI API3P · κρίνω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οὔnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὔ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
13
καὶ εἶπεν Αγγαιος ἐὰν ἅψηται μεμιαμμένος ἐπὶ ψυχῇ ἀπὸ παντὸς τούτων εἰ μιανθήσεται καὶ ἀπεκρίθησαν οἱ ἱερεῖς καὶ εἶπαν μιανθήσεται
And Haggai said, “If one defiled by a corpse touches any of these things, will it become defiled?” And the priests answered and said, “It will become defiled.”
The paired ruling completes the contrast. Uncleanness proves more transmissible than holiness, preparing the prophet’s application to the nation.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΑγγαιοςHaggaiN2 NSM · Αγγαιοςnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΑγγαιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἅψηταιtouchVA AMS3S · ἅπτομαιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἅπτομαι: meaning 'touch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
μεμιαμμένοςbeing defiledVM · χμπνσμ μιαίνωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseχμπνσμ μιαίνω: meaning 'being defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying or advancing the action.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
παντὸςeveryoneA1S GSN · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τούτωνtheseRD GPN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτούτων: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μιανθήσεταιthey had defiledVC FPI3S · μιαίνωverb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμιαίνω: meaning 'they had defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθησανanswerVCI API3P · κρίνω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
μιανθήσεταιthey had defiledVC FPI3S · μιαίνωverb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμιαίνω: meaning 'they had defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder).
14
καὶ ἀπεκρίθη Αγγαιος καὶ εἶπεν οὕτως ὁ λαὸς οὗτος καὶ οὕτως τὸ ἔθνος τοῦτο ἐνώπιον ἐμοῦ λέγει κύριος καὶ οὕτως πάντα τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν καὶ ὃς ἐὰν ἐγγίσῃ ἐκεῖ μιανθήσεται ἕνεκεν τῶν λημμάτων αὐτῶν τῶν ὀρθρινῶν ὀδυνηθήσονται ἀπὸ προσώπου πόνων αὐτῶν καὶ ἐμισεῖτε ἐν πύλαις ἐλέγχοντας
And Haggai answered and said, “So is this people, and so is this nation before me, says the Lord, and so are all the works of their hands; and whatever they bring near there shall be defiled. Because of their gains from the morning they will suffer pain from before their labors, and you hated those who reproved in the gates.”
The legal analogy becomes an indictment: the people’s impurity contaminates their offerings and labor. The Septuagintal expansion underscores social injustice and resistance to correction alongside cultic failure.
Word-by-word analysis· 48 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκρίθηansweredVCI API3S · κρίνω + ἀποmain verb of the reply formula→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκρίνω + ἀπο: meaning 'answered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the reply formula.
ΑγγαιοςHaggaiN2 NSM · Αγγαιοςnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΑγγαιος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὕτως: meaning 'so'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandD · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὕτως: meaning 'so'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνοςnationsN3E NSN · ἔθνοςnominative term in clause/list→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
τοῦτοthisRD NSN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςsoD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὕτως: meaning 'so'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
πάνταallA1S NPN · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἐγγίσῃthey came nearVA AAS3S · ἐγγίζωmain verb of the temporal clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐγγίζω: meaning 'they came near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the temporal clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial modifier within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
μιανθήσεταιthey had defiledVC FPI3S · μιαίνωverb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμιαίνω: meaning 'they had defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb in relative clause (the narrator's stated justification for the plunder).
ἕνεκενenekenP · ἕνεκενpreposition introducing its complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἕνεκεν: meaning 'eneken'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λημμάτωνgainN3M GPN · λῆμμαgenitive modifier within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλῆμμα: meaning 'gain'; it serves as genitive modifier within the phrase.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρθρινῶνmorningA1 GPN · ὀρθρινόςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὀρθρινός: meaning 'morning'; it serves as genitive modifier within the phrase.
ὀδυνηθήσονταιsuffer painVC FPI3P · ὀδυνάωverbal element carrying the clause action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὀδυνάω: meaning 'suffer pain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πόνωνpainN2 GPM · πόνοςgenitive dependent phrase within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπόνος: meaning 'pain'; it serves as genitive dependent phrase within the clause.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμισεῖτεhateV2I IAI2P · μισέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμισέω: meaning 'hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐλέγχονταςπαπαπμ ἐλέγχωV1 · παπαπμ ἐλέγχωverbal form carrying the clause action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπαπμ ἐλέγχω: meaning 'παπαπμ ἐλέγχω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
15
καὶ νῦν θέσθε δὴ εἰς τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης καὶ ὑπεράνω πρὸ τοῦ θεῖναι λίθον ἐπὶ λίθον ἐν τῷ ναῷ κυρίου
And now, set this in your hearts from this day and upward, before stone was set upon stone in the temple of the Lord,
The people are summoned to interpret their recent past in light of covenant discipline. Recollection is itself part of repentance and renewed obedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θέσθεset / considerVE AMD2P · τίθημιmain verb (first of the closing triple imperative)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτίθημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (first of the closing triple imperative).
δὴnowX · δήparticle of urgency→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A APF · καρδίαcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπεράνωaboveD · ὑπεράνωpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑπεράνω: meaning 'above'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
πρὸformer / beforeP · πρόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρὸ: meaning 'former'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῖναιto makeVE AAN · τίθημιarticular infinitive dependent on προφθάσωμεν→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτίθημι: meaning 'to make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive dependent on προφθάσωμεν.
λίθονstonesN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
λίθονstonesN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναῷtempleN2 DSM · ναόςgenitive dependent→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitive dependent.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
16
τίνες ἦτε ὅτε ἐνεβάλλετε εἰς κυψέλην κριθῆς εἴκοσι σάτα καὶ ἐγένετο κριθῆς δέκα σάτα καὶ εἰσεπορεύεσθε εἰς τὸ ὑπολήνιον ἐξαντλῆσαι πεντήκοντα μετρητάς καὶ ἐγένοντο εἴκοσι
what were you like? When you put grain into a heap expecting twenty seahs, there came to be ten seahs of grain; and when you went into the wine vat to draw fifty measures, there came to be twenty.
Haggai recalls the pattern of frustrated expectation that marked the community before renewed temple work. Economic shortage is read theologically rather than merely agriculturally.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
τίνεςwho? / what?RI NPM · τίςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτίνες: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation.
ἦτεbeV9 IAI2P · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flow→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὅτε: meaning 'when'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐνεβάλλετεἐνV1I IAI2P · βάλλω + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'ἐν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυψέληνheapN1 ASF · κυψέληaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκυψέλη: meaning 'heap'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
κριθῆςof barleyN1 GSF · κριθήcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκριθή: meaning 'of barley'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
σάταseahN2N APN · σάτονaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσάτον: meaning 'seah'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseγίγνομαι: meaning 'it happened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
κριθῆςof barleyN1 GSF · κριθήcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκριθή: meaning 'of barley'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
δέκαtenM · δέκαlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδέκα: meaning 'ten'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
σάταseahN2N APN · σάτονaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσάτον: meaning 'seah'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσεπορεύεσθεεἰςV1I IMI2P · πορεύομαι + εἰςparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'εἰς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπολήνιονwine vatN2N ASN · ὑπολήνιονaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑπολήνιον: meaning 'wine vat'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
ἐξαντλῆσαιἐκVA AAN · ἀντλέω + ἐκinfinitive complement within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀντλέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
πεντήκονταfiftyM APM · πεντήκονταlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπεντήκοντα: meaning 'fifty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
μετρητάςmeasureN1M APM · μετρητήςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμετρητής: meaning 'measure'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοcame to beVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseγίγνομαι: meaning 'came to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
17
ἐπάταξα ὑμᾶς ἐν ἀφορίᾳ καὶ ἐν ἀνεμοφθορίᾳ καὶ ἐν χαλάζῃ πάντα τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν ὑμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἐπεστρέψατε πρός με λέγει κύριος
I struck you with blight and mildew and hail, all the works of your hands, yet you did not turn back to me, says the Lord.
The losses were not random misfortune but purposeful discipline from God. The verse exposes the deeper issue as failure to return to the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἐπάταξαstrikeVAI AAI1S · πατάσσωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπατάσσω: meaning 'strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀφορίᾳblightN1A DSF · ἀφορίαdative term marking relation, means, or advantage→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀφορία: meaning 'blight'; it serves as dative term marking relation, means, or advantage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀνεμοφθορίᾳἀνεμοφθορίαN1A DSF · ἀνεμοφθορίαhead noun or nominative element within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀνεμοφθορία: meaning 'ἀνεμοφθορία'; it serves as head noun or nominative element within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χαλάζῃχαλάζηN1 DSF · χαλάζηdative term marking relation, means, or advantage→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseχαλάζη: meaning 'χαλάζη'; it serves as dative term marking relation, means, or advantage.
πάνταallA1S APN · πᾶςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπεστρέψατεἐπιVAI AAI2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρόςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρός: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
18
ὑποτάξατε δὴ τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης καὶ ἐπέκεινα ἀπὸ τῆς τετράδος καὶ εἰκάδος τοῦ ἐνάτου μηνὸς καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἐθεμελιώθη ὁ ναὸς κυρίου θέσθε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν
Apply your hearts, then, from this day onward, from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, and from the day on which the temple of the Lord was founded; set it in your hearts.
The repetition presses the community to treat this date as a theological hinge. The temple foundation becomes the point from which blessing must now be re-read.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ὑποτάξατεὑποVA AAD2P · τάσσω + ὑποfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτάσσω + ὑπο: meaning 'ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
δὴnowX · δήparticle of urgency→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A APF · καρδίαcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέκειναbeyondD · ἐπέκειναadverb of continuation→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐπέκεινα: meaning 'beyond'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετράδοςtwenty-fourthM GSF · τετράςdative element marking reference, means, or association→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτετράς: meaning 'twenty-fourth'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰκάδοςtwentieth dayN3D GSF · εἰκάςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰκάς: meaning 'twentieth day'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνάτουninthA1 GSM · ἔνατοςordinal modifier of μηνὸς→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔνατος: meaning 'ninth'; it serves as ordinal modifier of μηνὸς.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependent→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive dependent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐθεμελιώθηhe foundedVCI API3S · θεμελιόωmain verb (laying the foundation)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseθεμελιόω: meaning 'he founded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (laying the foundation).
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναὸςtempleN2 NSM · ναόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θέσθεset / considerVE AMD2P · τίθημιmain verb (first of the closing triple imperative)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτίθημι: meaning 'set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (first of the closing triple imperative).
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςthe onesRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαιςheartN1A DPF · καρδίαdative complement within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
19
εἰ ἔτι ἐπιγνωσθήσεται ἐπὶ τῆς ἅλω καὶ εἰ ἔτι ἡ ἄμπελος καὶ ἡ συκῆ καὶ ἡ ῥόα καὶ τὰ ξύλα τῆς ἐλαίας τὰ οὐ φέροντα καρπόν ἀπὸ τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης εὐλογήσω
Is seed still to be recognized on the threshing floor? And as for the vine and the fig tree and the pomegranate and the olive trees that have not borne fruit, from this day I will bless.
The question lingers over the visible absence of fruit only to overturn it with promise. Divine blessing is announced before the signs of fertility have yet appeared.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐπιγνωσθήσεταιἐπιVS FPI3S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιinfinitive verbal complement expressing purpose, result, or dependent action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive verbal complement expressing purpose, result, or dependent action.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅλωthreshing floorN3 GSF · ἅλωςgenitive modifier within the phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἅλως: meaning 'threshing floor'; it serves as genitive modifier within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμπελοςvineN2 NSF · ἄμπελοςobject of ὑπὸ in the first security image→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as object of ὑπὸ in the first security image.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συκῆfig treeN1 NSF · συκῆsecond object of ὑπὸ by ellipsis→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσυκῆ: meaning 'fig tree'; it serves as second object of ὑπὸ by ellipsis.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥόαpomegranateN1A NSF · ῥόαnominative term functioning in the clause core→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseῥόα: meaning 'pomegranate'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ξύλαtree / woodN2N NPN · ξύλονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseξύλον: meaning 'tree'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίαςelaiasN1A GSF · ἐλαίαnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐλαία: meaning 'elaias'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
φέρονταπαπνπν φέρωV1 · παπνπν φέρωverbal form carrying the clause action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπνπν φέρω: meaning 'παπνπν φέρω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
καρπόνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςdirect object understood with ἐδίδου→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as direct object understood with ἐδίδου.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronoun in genitival dependence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εὐλογήσωblessedVA AAS1S · εὐλογέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεὐλογέω: meaning 'blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
20
καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου ἐκ δευτέρου πρὸς Αγγαιον τὸν προφήτην τετράδι καὶ εἰκάδι τοῦ μηνὸς λέγων
And the word of the Lord came a second time to Haggai the prophet on the twenty-fourth day of the month, saying,
The same date now yields a further word, but this time directed more narrowly. The chapter’s close shifts from the people generally to Zerubbabel specifically.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseγίγνομαι: meaning 'it happened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δευτέρουsecondA1A GSN · δεύτεροςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδεύτερος: meaning 'second'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΑγγαιονHaggaiN2 ASM · Αγγαιοςnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΑγγαιον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτηνprophetN1M ASM · προφήτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τετράδιtwenty-fourthM DSF · τετράςdative element marking reference, means, or association→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτετράς: meaning 'twenty-fourth'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰκάδιtwentiethN3D DSF · εἰκάςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἰκάς: meaning 'twentieth'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependent→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive dependent.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
21
εἰπὸν πρὸς Ζοροβαβελ τὸν τοῦ Σαλαθιηλ ἐκ φυλῆς Ιουδα λέγων ἐγὼ σείω τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν καὶ τὴν ξηρὰν
Speak to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, of the tribe of Judah, saying: I am shaking the heaven and the earth and the sea and the dry land,
Zerubbabel is addressed within the same eschatological horizon announced earlier. His significance is bound up with the Lord’s overthrow of the wider political order.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
εἰπὸνspeak / sayVB AAD2S · εἶπονmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseεἶπον: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine imperative to Moses).
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΖοροβαβελZerubbabelN ASM · Ζοροβαβελnominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΖοροβαβελ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal or adjectival term functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλαθιηλSalathielN GSM · Σαλαθιηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΣαλαθιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
φυλῆςtribeN1 GSF · φυλήgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
Ιουδαof JudahN GSF · Ιουδαproper name within the list or clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σείωshakeV1 PAI1S · σείωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσείω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ξηρὰνdry landA1A ASF · ξηρόςgenitive noun with ἐπί marking the landward sphere→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseξηρός: meaning 'dry land'; it serves as genitive noun with ἐπί marking the landward sphere.
22
καὶ καταστρέψω θρόνους βασιλέων καὶ ὀλεθρεύσω δύναμιν βασιλέων τῶν ἐθνῶν καὶ καταστρέψω ἅρματα καὶ ἀναβάτας καὶ καταβήσονται ἵπποι καὶ ἀναβάται αὐτῶν ἕκαστος ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ
and I will overthrow the thrones of kings, and I will destroy the power of the kings of the nations, and I will overthrow chariots and riders, and horses and their riders shall come down, each by the sword against his brother.
The language evokes the collapse of military empires under divine action. Human power turns destructively upon itself when the Lord rises to judge.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταστρέψωκαταVF FAI1S · στρέφω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseστρέφω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
θρόνουςθρόνοςN2 APM · θρόνοςObject / complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseθρόνος: meaning 'θρόνος'; it serves as Object / complement.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀλεθρεύσωthey will destroyVF FAI1S · ὀλεθρεύωfuture verb stating the feared consequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὀλεθρεύω: meaning 'they will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future verb stating the feared consequence.
δύναμινarmy / forceN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδύναμις: meaning 'army'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθνῶνnationN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταστρέψωκαταVF FAI1S · στρέφω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseστρέφω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἅρματαchariotN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβάταςἀναβάτηςN1M APM · ἀναβάτηςdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀναβάτης: meaning 'ἀναβάτης'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταβήσονταικαταVF FMI3P · βαίνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἵπποιhorsesN2 NPM · ἵπποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἵππος: meaning 'horses'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβάταιἀναβάτηςN1M NPM · ἀναβάτηςdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀναβάτης: meaning 'ἀναβάτης'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
23
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ λήμψομαί σε Ζοροβαβελ τὸν τοῦ Σαλαθιηλ τὸν δοῦλόν μου λέγει κύριος καὶ θήσομαί σε ὡς σφραγῖδα διότι σὲ ᾑρέτισα λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
On that day, says the Lord Almighty, I will take you, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, my servant, says the Lord, and I will make you like a signet ring, because I have chosen you, says the Lord Almighty.
The final promise gives Zerubbabel symbolic royal significance. The image of the signet ring conveys divine choice, representative authority, and durable covenant favor within the restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
λήμψομαίseizedVF FMI1S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλαμβάνω: meaning 'seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΖοροβαβελZorobabelN VSM · Ζοροβαβελproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΖοροβαβελ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαλαθιηλSalathielN GSM · Σαλαθιηλproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseΣαλαθιηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλόνservantN2 ASM · δοῦλοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσομαίplace / appointVF FMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σφραγῖδαsealsN3D ASF · σφραγίςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσφραγίς: meaning 'seals'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ᾑρέτισαchooseVAI AAI1S · αἱρετίζωfinite verb advancing the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseαἱρετίζω: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ future glory, holiness, and zerubbabelic promiseπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.