1
λόγος κυρίου ὃς ἐγενήθη πρὸς Ωσηε τὸν τοῦ Βεηρι ἐν ἡμέραις Οζιου καὶ Ιωαθαμ καὶ Αχαζ καὶ Εζεκιου βασιλέων Ιουδα καὶ ἐν ἡμέραις Ιεροβοαμ υἱοῦ Ιωας βασιλέως Ισραηλ
The word of the Lord that came to Hosea son of Beeri in the days of Uzziah and Jotham and Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam son of Joash, king of Israel.
The book opens with a double royal dating that places Hosea across the reigns of Judah while also anchoring his ministry in the northern kingdom under Jeroboam II.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ ingressive aorist middle/passiveγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΩσηεHoseaN ASM · Ωσηεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΩσηε: meaning 'Hosea'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒεηριBeeriN GSM · Βεηριadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΒεηρι: meaning 'Beeri'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ΟζιουUzziahN1T GSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωαθαμJothamN GSM · Ιωαθαμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙωαθαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑχαζAhazN GSM · Αχαζproper name functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΑχαζ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕζεκιουHezekiahN1T GSM · Εζεκιαςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ participant identificationΕζεκιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent within the phrase.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ΙεροβοαμJeroboamN GSM · Ιεροβοαμproper-name item in the genealogical chainΙεροβοαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive in the repeated 'son of' genealogy formula→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive in the repeated 'son of' genealogy formula.
Ιωαςof JoashN GSM · Ιωαςproper name or indeclinable itemΙωας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name or indeclinable item.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
2
ἀρχὴ λόγου κυρίου πρὸς Ωσηε καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς Ωσηε βάδιζε λαβὲ σεαυτῷ γυναῖκα πορνείας καὶ τέκνα πορνείας διότι ἐκπορνεύουσα ἐκπορνεύσει ἡ γῆ ἀπὸ ὄπισθεν τοῦ κυρίου
The beginning of the word of the Lord to Hosea. And the Lord said to Hosea, 'Go, take for yourself a wife of fornication and children of fornication, because the land in committing fornication will commit fornication away from following the Lord.'
The prophet's household is made an enacted oracle. The doubled fornication language pushes the personal sign into a diagnosis of the whole land.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἀρχὴdominionsN1 NSF · ἀρχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant prominenceἀρχή: meaning 'dominions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
λόγουwordN2 GSM · λόγοςgenitive object of περί→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as genitive object of περί.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΩσηεHoseaN ASM · Ωσηεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΩσηε: meaning 'Hosea'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΩσηεHoseaN ASM · Ωσηεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΩσηε: meaning 'Hosea'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βάδιζεgoV1 PAD2S · βαδίζωmain verb issuing command or summons→ verbal form contributing the clause's action or stateβαδίζω: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb issuing command or summons.
λαβὲtakeVB AAD2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ aorist imperativeλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form referring to the participant already in view→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant already in view.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
πορνείαςsexual immoralityN1A GSF · πορνείαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationπορνεία: meaning 'sexual immorality'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
πορνείαςsexual immoralityN1A GSF · πορνείαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationπορνεία: meaning 'sexual immorality'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκπορνεύουσαcommitting fornicationV1 · παπνσφ πορνεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπαπνσφ πορνεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'committing fornication'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκπορνεύσειwill commit fornicationVF FAI3S · πορνεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπορνεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'will commit fornication'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὄπισθενbehindD · ὄπισθενsubstantivized adverb indicating the back side→ discourse linkage or contrastὄπισθεν: meaning 'behind'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
3
καὶ ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἔλαβεν τὴν Γομερ θυγατέρα Δεβηλαιμ καὶ συνέλαβεν καὶ ἔτεκεν αὐτῷ υἱόν
And he went and took Gomer daughter of Diblaim, and she conceived and bore him a son.
Hosea obeys without narrative delay; the marriage itself becomes the platform for the prophetic naming that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθηgoVCI API3S · πορεύομαιmovement predicate→ verbal action in summary styleπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as movement predicate.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓομερGomerN ASF · Γομερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΓομερ: meaning 'Gomer'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal notice→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as daughter-term in a marital or maternal notice.
ΔεβηλαιμDiblaimN GSM · Δεβηλαιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΔεβηλαιμ: meaning 'Diblaim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέλαβενseizedVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + συνmain verb of arrest→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of arrest.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementτίκτω: meaning 'bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
υἱόνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
4
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρὸς αὐτόν κάλεσον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ιεζραελ διότι ἔτι μικρὸν καὶ ἐκδικήσω τὸ αἷμα τοῦ Ιεζραελ ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ιου καὶ καταπαύσω βασιλείαν οἴκου Ισραηλ
And the Lord said to him, 'Call his name Jezreel, because yet a little while and I will avenge the blood of Jezreel upon the house of Jehu, and I will put an end to the kingdom of the house of Israel.'
The first symbolic name ties present judgment to remembered royal bloodshed and announces the coming collapse of the northern monarchy.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κάλεσονcallVA AAD2S · καλέωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ imperative force: expresses a command or exhortationκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ΙεζραελJezreelN NSM · Ιεζραελadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΙεζραελ: meaning 'Jezreel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μικρὸνsmall / insignificantA1A ASM · μικρόςadjectival modifier→ object specificationμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικήσωI will punishVF FAI1S · δικέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will punish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodN3M ASN · αἷμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεζραελJezreelN GSM · Ιεζραελadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΙεζραελ: meaning 'Jezreel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουJehuN GSM · Ιηουadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΙου: meaning 'Jehu'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταπαύσωI will put an end toVF FAI1S · παύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαύω + κατα: meaning 'I will put an end to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βασιλείανkingdomN1A ASF · βασιλείαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
5
καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ συντρίψω τὸ τόξον τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐν τῇ κοιλάδι τοῦ Ιεζραελ
And it shall be in that day that I will break the bow of Israel in the valley of Jezreel.
The threatened end of the kingdom is concretized as the shattering of Israel's martial strength in the very place whose name embodies the oracle.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
συντρίψωwas crushedVF FAI1S · τρίβω + συνfinite verb governing the clause→ constative aorist passiveτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόξονbowN2N ASN · τόξονaccusative object or complement→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλάδιvalleyN3D DSF · κοιλάςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ nations judged and zion securedκοιλάς: meaning 'valley'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεζραελJezreelN GSM · Ιεζραελadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΙεζραελ: meaning 'Jezreel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
6
καὶ συνέλαβεν ἔτι καὶ ἔτεκεν θυγατέρα καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ κάλεσον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτῆς Οὐκ-ἠλεημένη διότι οὐ μὴ προσθήσω ἔτι ἐλεῆσαι τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ισραηλ ἀλλ' ἢ ἀντιτασσόμενος ἀντιτάξομαι αὐτοῖς
And she conceived again and bore a daughter. And he said to him, 'Call her name Not-Shown-Mercy, because I will no longer continue to have mercy on the house of Israel, but in opposing I will oppose them.'
The daughter's name turns divine compassion itself into the announced loss. The Greek sharpens the verdict with a combative formulation: God will set himself against them.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέλαβενseizedVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + συνmain verb of arrest→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of arrest.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementτίκτω: meaning 'bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
θυγατέραdaughterN3 ASF · θυγάτηρdaughter-term in a marital or maternal notice→ object specificationθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as daughter-term in a marital or maternal notice.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
κάλεσονcallVA AAD2S · καλέωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ imperative force: expresses a command or exhortationκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
Οὐκ-ἠλεημένηNot-Shown-MercyN NSF · οὐ̈ἐλεέωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΟὐκ-ἠλεημένη: meaning 'Not-Shown-Mercy'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
προσθήσωaddVF FAI1S · τίθημι + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionτίθημι + προς: meaning 'add'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐλεῆσαιshow mercyVA AAN · ἐλεέωinfinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea→ aoristἐλεέω: meaning 'show mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement completing the governing verbal idea.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀντιτασσόμενοςopposingV1 · πμπνσμ τάσσω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπμπνσμ τάσσω + ἀντι: meaning 'opposing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀντιτάξομαιI will opposeVF FMI1S · τάσσω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseτάσσω + ἀντι: meaning 'I will oppose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
7
τοὺς δὲ υἱοὺς Ιουδα ἐλεήσω καὶ σώσω αὐτοὺς ἐν κυρίῳ θεῷ αὐτῶν καὶ οὐ σώσω αὐτοὺς ἐν τόξῳ οὐδὲ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ οὐδὲ ἐν πολέμῳ οὐδὲ ἐν ἅρμασιν οὐδὲ ἐν ἵπποις οὐδὲ ἐν ἱππεῦσιν
But the sons of Judah I will have mercy on, and I will save them in the Lord their God; and I will not save them by bow or by sword or by war or by chariots or by horses or by horsemen.
Judah is temporarily distinguished from Israel, and the means of salvation are explicitly de-militarized so that deliverance is traced to the Lord alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
ἐλεήσωhave mercyVF FAI1S · ἐλεέωfinite verb carrying the clause's main action or assertion→ futureἐλεέω: meaning 'have mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb carrying the clause's main action or assertion.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σώσωsaveVF FAI1S · σώζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
σώσωsaveVF FAI1S · σώζωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τόξῳbowN2N DSN · τόξονdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πολέμῳbattleN2 DSM · πόλεμοςobject of ἐν→ sphere or referenceπόλεμος: meaning 'battle'; it serves as object of ἐν.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἅρμασινchariotsN3M DPN · ἅρμαdative with σύν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceἅρμα: meaning 'chariots'; it serves as dative with σύν (accompaniment).
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἵπποιςhorseN2 DPM · ἵπποςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἱππεῦσινhorsemenN3V DPM · ἱππεύςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceἱππεύς: meaning 'horsemen'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
8
καὶ ἀπεγαλάκτισεν τὴν Οὐκ-ἠλεημένην καὶ συνέλαβεν ἔτι καὶ ἔτεκεν υἱόν
And she weaned Not-Shown-Mercy, and she conceived again and bore a son.
The narrative advances tersely from the daughter to the third child, preparing the final and starkest symbolic name.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεγαλάκτισενweanedVAI AAI3S · γαλακτίζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseγαλακτίζω + ἀπο: meaning 'weaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Οὐκ-ἠλεημένηνNot-Shown-MercyN ASF · οὐ̈ἐλεέωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΟὐκ-ἠλεημένην: meaning 'Not-Shown-Mercy'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέλαβενseizedVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + συνmain verb of arrest→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of arrest.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔτεκενboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωverbal element advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementτίκτω: meaning 'bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element advancing the clause.
υἱόνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
9
καὶ εἶπεν κάλεσον τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Οὐ-λαόσ-μου διότι ὑμεῖς οὐ λαός μου καὶ ἐγὼ οὔκ εἰμι ὑμῶν
And he said, 'Call his name Not-My-People, because you are not my people, and I am not yours.'
The chapter culminates in a direct reversal of covenant identity. The breach is stated in the language of belonging itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κάλεσονcallVA AAD2S · καλέωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ imperative force: expresses a command or exhortationκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
Οὐ-λαόσ-μουNot-My-PeopleN NSM · οὐ̈λαόσ̈ἐγώadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΟὐ-λαόσ-μου: meaning 'Not-My-People'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coordinationδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὔκnotD · οὐparticle or adverb qualifying the clause or verbal action→ adverbial nuanceοὔκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ verbal form carrying the clause's action forwardεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.