1
καὶ ἦν ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς θαλάσσης ἣ οὐκ ἐκμετρηθήσεται οὐδὲ ἐξαριθμηθήσεται καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῷ τόπῳ οὗ ἐρρέθη αὐτοῖς οὐ λαός μου ὑμεῖς ἐκεῖ κληθήσονται υἱοὶ θεοῦ ζῶντος
And the number of the sons of Israel shall be like the sand of the sea, which shall not be measured nor numbered; and it shall be in the place where it was said to them, 'You are not my people,' there they shall be called sons of the living God.
The chapter opens not with accusation but with the reversal of rejection. The once-denied people are promised innumerable increase and renewed filial naming.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμμοςsandN2 NSF · ἄμμοςpredicate of the comparison→ participant prominenceἄμμος: meaning 'sand'; it serves as predicate of the comparison.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive element qualifying a related head term→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive element qualifying a related head term.
ἣwhichRR NSF · ὅςPronominal reference→ participant referenceἣ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐκμετρηθήσεταιshall be measuredVC FPI3S · μετρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseμετρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be measured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαριθμηθήσεταιshall be numberedVC FPI3S · ἀριθμέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀριθμέω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be numbered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial or discourse-marking modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial or discourse-marking modifier.
ἐρρέθηit was saidVCI API3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseεἶπον: meaning 'it was said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
κληθήσονταιthey shall be calledVC FPI3P · καλέωmain verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause→ passive verbal form emphasizing the subject's reception of the actionκαλέω: meaning 'they shall be called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the action or assertion of the clause.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ζῶντοςlivingV3 · παπγσμ ζάωparticipial verbal form qualifying or advancing the action→ verbal action framed by the clause contextπαπγσμ ζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying or advancing the action.
2
καὶ συναχθήσονται οἱ υἱοὶ Ιουδα καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ θήσονται ἑαυτοῖς ἀρχὴν μίαν καὶ ἀναβήσονται ἐκ τῆς γῆς ὅτι μεγάλη ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ Ιεζραελ
And the sons of Judah and the sons of Israel shall be gathered together in one place, and they shall appoint for themselves one ruler and shall go up from the land, because great is the day of Jezreel.
The divided people are imagined as gathered and reheaded under one rule, and Jezreel, once a name of blood and judgment, becomes the banner of a great day.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συναχθήσονταιthey will be gatheredVQ FPI3P · ἄγω + συνmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future force: points to action still aheadἄγω + συν: meaning 'they will be gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσονταιthey shall appointVF FMI3P · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseτίθημι: meaning 'they shall appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἑαυτοῖςhimself / themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀρχὴνbeginningN1 ASF · ἀρχήaccusative element functioning within the clause→ object specificationἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
μίανoneA1A ASF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ measure or countμίαν: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβήσονταιwent upVF FMI3P · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεζραελJezreelN GSM · Ιεζραελadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΙεζραελ: meaning 'Jezreel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
3
εἴπατε τῷ ἀδελφῷ ὑμῶν Λαόσ-μου καὶ τῇ ἀδελφῇ ὑμῶν Ἠλεημένη
Say to your brother, 'My-People,' and to your sister, 'Shown-Mercy.'
The prophetic household names are deliberately inverted: the rejected brother and sister are now addressed in restored covenant terms.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
εἴπατεsayVAI AAD2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῷbrotherN2 DSM · ἀδελφόςdative complement→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as dative complement.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
Λαόσ-μουMy-PeopleN NSM · λαόσ̈ἐγώadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΛαόσ-μου: meaning 'My-People'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφῇsisterN1 DSF · ἀδελφήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδελφή: meaning 'sister'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἨλεημένηShown-MercyVMI XPPNSFE)LEE/Wverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἨλεημένη: meaning 'Shown-Mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
4
κρίθητε πρὸς τὴν μητέρα ὑμῶν κρίθητε ὅτι αὐτὴ οὐ γυνή μου καὶ ἐγὼ οὐκ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐξαρῶ τὴν πορνείαν αὐτῆς ἐκ προσώπου μου καὶ τὴν μοιχείαν αὐτῆς ἐκ μέσου μαστῶν αὐτῆς
Contend with your mother, contend, because she is not my wife and I am not her husband; and I will remove her fornication from before me and her adultery from between her breasts.
The courtroom tone returns as the mother figure stands for corporate Israel. The issue is marital breach rendered as public religious infidelity.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
κρίθητεcontendVC APD2P · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκρίνω: meaning 'contend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητέραmotherN3 ASF · μήτηρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ object specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κρίθητεcontendVC APD2P · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκρίνω: meaning 'contend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴhe, she, itRD NSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argument→ participant referenceαὐτὴ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γυνήwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πορνείανprostitutionN1A ASF · πορνείαaccusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement→ object specificationπορνεία: meaning 'prostitution'; it serves as accusative nominal element functioning as object, extent, or complement.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοιχείανadulteryN1A ASF · μοιχείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalμοιχεία: meaning 'adultery'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσουthe midstA1 GSM · μέσοςsubstantival genitive after διά→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'the midst'; it serves as substantival genitive after διά.
μαστῶνbreastN2 GPM · μαστόςnominal element functioning within the clause→ relational specificationμαστός: meaning 'breast'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
5
ὅπως ἂν ἐκδύσω αὐτὴν γυμνὴν καὶ ἀποκαταστήσω αὐτὴν καθὼς ἡμέρᾳ γενέσεως αὐτῆς καὶ θήσομαι αὐτὴν ὡς ἔρημον καὶ τάξω αὐτὴν ὡς γῆν ἄνυδρον καὶ ἀποκτενῶ αὐτὴν ἐν δίψει
Lest I strip her naked and restore her as on the day of her birth, and make her like a wilderness and appoint her like a waterless land and kill her with thirst.
The threatened judgment is anti-creation and anti-exodus: she will be stripped back to exposed beginnings and left in barren desolation.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςcoordinating conjunction linking the next clause or item→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle with the subjunctive→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδύσωI stripVF FAI1S · δύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseδύω + ἐκ: meaning 'I strip'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
γυμνὴνnakedA1 ASF · γυμνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalγυμνός: meaning 'naked'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκαταστήσωI restoreVF FAI1S · ἵστημι + ἀπο + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀπο + κατα: meaning 'I restore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
γενέσεωςbirthN3I GSF · γένεσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγένεσις: meaning 'birth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσομαιplace / appointVF FMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἔρημονdesolateN2 ASF · ἔρημοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἔρημος: meaning 'desolate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάξωI appointVF FAI1S · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτάσσω: meaning 'I appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἄνυδρονwaterlessA1B ASF · ἄνυδροςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἄνυδρος: meaning 'waterless'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκτενῶawayVF2 FAI1S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause action→ futureκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δίψειdipseiN3E DSN · δίψοςnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ covenant witness, rebellion, and divine vindicationδίψος: meaning 'dipsei'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
6
καὶ τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ ἐλεήσω ὅτι τέκνα πορνείας ἐστίν
And upon her children I will certainly not have mercy, because they are children of fornication.
The offspring share the mother's covenant condition. The naming logic of Hosea's household continues to interpret the nation's state.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐλεήσωhave mercyVF FAI1S · ἐλεέωfinite verb carrying the clause's main action or assertion→ futureἐλεέω: meaning 'have mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb carrying the clause's main action or assertion.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέκναchildN2N NPN · τέκνονsubject of the verbal action→ participant prominenceτέκνον: meaning 'child'; it serves as subject of the verbal action.
πορνείαςsexual immoralityN1A GSF · πορνείαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ relational specificationπορνεία: meaning 'sexual immorality'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἐστίνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ present of general truthεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
7
ὅτι ἐξεπόρνευσεν ἡ μήτηρ αὐτῶν κατῄσχυνεν ἡ τεκοῦσα αὐτά εἶπεν γάρ ἀκολουθήσω ὀπίσω τῶν ἐραστῶν μου τῶν διδόντων μοι τοὺς ἄρτους μου καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ μου καὶ τὰ ἱμάτιά μου καὶ τὰ ὀθόνιά μου καὶ τὸ ἔλαιόν μου καὶ πάντα ὅσα μοι καθήκει
Because their mother committed fornication, she who bore them was shamed; for she said, 'I will go after my lovers, those who give me my breads and my water and my garments and my linens and my oil and everything that is fitting for me.'
Israel misreads all provision as the gift of lovers rather than of the Lord, turning material dependence into theological adultery.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεπόρνευσενπορνεύωVAI AAI3S · πορνεύω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπορνεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'πορνεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατῄσχυνενwas shamedV1I IAI3S · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'was shamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τεκοῦσαbearVB · ααπνσφ τίκτωverbal element carrying the clause actionααπνσφ τίκτω: meaning 'bear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argument→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
γάρforX · γάρconnective or particle shaping the clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκολουθήσωI will go afterVF FAI1S · ἀκολουθέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀκολουθέω: meaning 'I will go after'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐραστῶνloversN1M GPM · ἐραστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐραστής: meaning 'lovers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διδόντωνgivingV8 · παπγπμ δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ local semantic contributionπαπγπμ δίδωμι: meaning 'giving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρτουςbreadN2 APM · ἄρτοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιάgarmentsN2N APN · ἱμάτιονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀθόνιάlinensN2N APN · ὀθόνιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalὀθόνιον: meaning 'linens'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιόνoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καθήκειit is fittingV1 PAI3S · ἥκω + καταfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥκω + κατα: meaning 'it is fitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
8
διὰ τοῦτο ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ φράσσω τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτῆς ἐν σκόλοψιν καὶ ἀνοικοδομήσω τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν τρίβον αὐτῆς οὐ μὴ εὕρῃ
Therefore, behold, I am fencing up her way with thorns, and I will rebuild her roads, and she shall certainly not find her path.
Divine judgment takes the form of frustrated mobility: the Lord obstructs the adulterous chase so that the false path becomes impassable.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
φράσσωI am fencing upV1 PAI1S · φράσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφράσσω: meaning 'I am fencing up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σκόλοψινthornsN3P DPM · σκόλοψdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipientσκόλοψ: meaning 'thorns'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοικοδομήσωoikodomeo + anaVF FAI1S · οἰκοδομέω + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ futureοἰκοδομέω + ἀνα: meaning 'oikodomeo + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίβονpathN2 ASF · τρίβοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτρίβος: meaning 'path'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὕρῃshe findsVB AAS3S · εὑρίσκωverb of nested protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'she finds'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of nested protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν).
9
καὶ καταδιώξεται τοὺς ἐραστὰς αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ μὴ καταλάβῃ αὐτούς καὶ ζητήσει αὐτοὺς καὶ οὐ μὴ εὕρῃ αὐτούς καὶ ἐρεῖ πορεύσομαι καὶ ἐπιστρέψω πρὸς τὸν ἄνδρα μου τὸν πρότερον ὅτι καλῶς μοι ἦν τότε ἢ νῦν
And she shall pursue her lovers and certainly not overtake them, and she shall seek them and certainly not find them; and she shall say, 'I will go and return to my former husband, because it was better for me then than now.'
The futility of the pursuit becomes pedagogical. Frustration creates the first genuine recognition that her former relation was better.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταδιώξεταιshall pursueVF FMI3S · διώκω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ correction, truth, and diligent stabilityδιώκω + κατα: meaning 'shall pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐραστὰςloversN1M APM · ἐραστήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐραστής: meaning 'lovers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
καταλάβῃlambanokataVB AAS3S · λαμβάνω + καταparticiple modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description→ subjunctive verbal form marking contingency, purpose, or exhortationλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'lambanokata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause and supplying circumstance or description.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζητήσειshall seekVF FAI3S · ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardζητέω: meaning 'shall seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὕρῃshe findsVB AAS3S · εὑρίσκωverb of nested protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν)→ subjunctive contingencyεὑρίσκω: meaning 'she finds'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of nested protasis (subjunctive with ἐάν).
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πορεύσομαιI will travelVF FMI1S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'I will travel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστρέψωreturnVF FAI1S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρότερονformerA1 ASM · πρότεροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalπρότερος: meaning 'former'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλῶςwellD · καλῶςadverb modifying ποιήσετε→ discourse linkage or contrastκαλῶς: meaning 'well'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ imperfective past: portrays continuing or repeated actionἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial modifier within the clause→ adverbial nuanceτότε: meaning 'then'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
10
καὶ αὐτὴ οὐκ ἔγνω ὅτι ἐγὼ δέδωκα αὐτῇ τὸν σῖτον καὶ τὸν οἶνον καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον καὶ ἀργύριον ἐπλήθυνα αὐτῇ αὐτὴ δὲ ἀργυρᾶ καὶ χρυσᾶ ἐποίησεν τῇ Βααλ
And she did not know that I gave her the grain and the wine and the oil, and I multiplied silver for her; but she made silver and gold for Baal.
The Lord names the core misrecognition: the gifts were always his, yet they were transferred into Baal's service.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴhe, she, itRD NSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argument→ participant referenceαὐτὴ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeγιγνώσκω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coordinationὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δέδωκαgiveVX XAI1S · δίδωμιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ resultative/stativeδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῖτονgrain / wheatN2 ASM · σῖτοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative complement→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative complement.
ἐπλήθυναI multipliedVAI AAI1S · πληθύνωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateπληθύνω: meaning 'I multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
αὐτὴhe, she, itRD NSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argument→ participant referenceαὐτὴ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργυρᾶsilver thingsA1A APN · ἀργυροῦςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalἀργυροῦς: meaning 'silver things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσᾶgoldenA1C APN · χρυσοῦςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλBaalN DSF · Βααλproper name within the narrative sequence→ participant identificationΒααλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative sequence.
11
διὰ τοῦτο ἐπιστρέψω καὶ κομιοῦμαι τὸν σῖτόν μου καθ' ὥραν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸν οἶνόν μου ἐν καιρῷ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀφελοῦμαι τὰ ἱμάτιά μου καὶ τὰ ὀθόνιά μου τοῦ μὴ καλύπτειν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην αὐτῆς
Therefore I will return and recover my grain in its season and my wine in its time, and I will take away my garments and my linens so that her shame may not be covered.
Because the gifts were misused, the giver reclaims them. Judgment is portrayed as the withdrawal of falsely attributed abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπιστρέψωreturnVF FAI1S · στρέφω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κομιοῦμαιI will recoverVF2 FMI1S · κομίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκομίζω: meaning 'I will recover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῖτόνgrainN2 ASM · σῖτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὥρανhourN1A ASF · ὥραaccusative element functioning within the clause→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterὥρα: meaning 'hour'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶνόνwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ mortality, daily joy, and fragile wisdomοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφελοῦμαιI will take awayVF2 FMI1S · αἱρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will take away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιάgarmentsN2N APN · ἱμάτιονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀθόνιάlinensN2N APN · ὀθόνιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalὀθόνιον: meaning 'linens'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
καλύπτεινto coverV1 PAN · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκαλύπτω: meaning 'to cover'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσχημοσύνηνdishonorN1 ASF · ἀσχημοσύνηhead noun within the clause→ object specificationἀσχημοσύνη: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
12
καὶ νῦν ἀποκαλύψω τὴν ἀκαθαρσίαν αὐτῆς ἐνώπιον τῶν ἐραστῶν αὐτῆς καὶ οὐδεὶς οὐ μὴ ἐξέληται αὐτὴν ἐκ χειρός μου
And now I will uncover her uncleanness before her lovers, and no one shall rescue her from my hand.
The lovers before whom she postured become the audience of her humiliation, and no rival power can deliver her from the Lord's hand.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποκαλύψωἀποVF FAI1S · καλύπτω + ἀποverb of the content clause→ futureκαλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the content clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκαθαρσίανuncleannessN1A ASF · ἀκαθαρσίαpredicate nominative ('this is his uncleanness')→ prudence, diligence, and shunning follyἀκαθαρσία: meaning 'uncleanness'; it serves as predicate nominative ('this is his uncleanness').
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐραστῶνloversN1M GPM · ἐραστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐραστής: meaning 'lovers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐξέληταιhe might rescueVB AMS3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverb of purpose clause→ subjunctive verbal form marking contingency, purpose, or exhortationαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'he might rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of purpose clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
13
καὶ ἀποστρέψω πάσας τὰς εὐφροσύνας αὐτῆς ἑορτὰς αὐτῆς καὶ τὰς νουμηνίας αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ σάββατα αὐτῆς καὶ πάσας τὰς πανηγύρεις αὐτῆς
And I will turn away all her gladness, her feasts and her new moons and her sabbaths and all her festivals.
Cultic calendar and social joy alike are suspended. Liturgical rhythm cannot continue unchanged under covenant breach.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστρέψωreturnedVF FAI1S · στρέφω + ἀποmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐφροσύναςgladnessesN1 APF · εὐφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladnesses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἑορτὰςfeastsN1 APF · ἑορτήdirect object coordinated with σάββατα→ object specificationἑορτή: meaning 'feasts'; it serves as direct object coordinated with σάββατα.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νουμηνίαςnew moonsN1A APF · νεομηνίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalνεομηνία: meaning 'new moons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάββαταa sabbathN2N APN · σάββατονpredicate nominative (apposition: the technical term)σάββατον: meaning 'a sabbath'; it serves as predicate nominative (apposition: the technical term).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πανηγύρειςfestivalsN3I APF · πανήγυριςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalπανήγυρις: meaning 'festivals'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
14
καὶ ἀφανιῶ ἄμπελον αὐτῆς καὶ τὰς συκᾶς αὐτῆς ὅσα εἶπεν μισθώματά μου ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ ἔδωκάν μοι οἱ ἐρασταί μου καὶ θήσομαι αὐτὰ εἰς μαρτύριον καὶ καταφάγεται αὐτὰ τὰ θηρία τοῦ ἀγροῦ καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τὰ ἑρπετὰ τῆς γῆς
And I will destroy her vine and her fig trees, of which she said, 'These are my wages that my lovers gave me'; and I will make them a testimony, and the beasts of the field and the birds of the sky and the creeping things of the earth shall devour them.
Her cherished fertility signs are shown to be unstable and wrongly interpreted. The land's produce becomes witness against her reading of blessing.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφανιῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or state advancing the oracle's claim, warning, or expositionἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'I will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄμπελονvineN2 ASF · ἄμπελοςobject of ὑπὸ in the first security image→ object specificationἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as object of ὑπὸ in the first security image.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συκᾶςfig treeN1 APF · συκῆaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ locust devastation and communal lamentσυκῆ: meaning 'fig tree'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μισθώματάwagesN3M NPN · μίσθωμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionμίσθωμα: meaning 'wages'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ταῦτάhe, she, itRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal modifier / argument→ participant referenceταῦτά: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
ἔδωκάνgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρασταίloversN1M NPM · ἐραστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐραστής: meaning 'lovers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσομαιplace / appointVF FMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μαρτύριονwitnessN2N ASN · μαρτύριονaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationμαρτύριον: meaning 'witness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θηρίαwild beastsN2N NPN · θηρίονcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθηρίον: meaning 'wild beasts'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγροῦfieldN2 GSM · ἀγρόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινὰbirdsN2N NPN · πετεινόνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπετεινόν: meaning 'birds'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑρπετὰcreeping thingsN2N NPN · ἑρπετόνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ subject or predicate term within the clauseἑρπετόν: meaning 'creeping things'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
15
καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπ' αὐτὴν τὰς ἡμέρας τῶν Βααλιμ ἐν αἷς ἐπέθυεν αὐτοῖς καὶ περιετίθετο τὰ ἐνώτια αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ καθόρμια αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπορεύετο ὀπίσω τῶν ἐραστῶν αὐτῆς ἐμοῦ δὲ ἐπελάθετο λέγει κύριος
And I will avenge upon her the days of the Baals, in which she was sacrificing to them and adorning herself with her earrings and her necklaces and going after her lovers, but she forgot me, says the Lord.
The memory of cultic adornment and pursuit is gathered up into a single divine recollection: underneath all the ritual beauty stood forgetfulness of the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικήσωI will punishVF FAI1S · δικέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will punish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλιμBaalsN GP · Βααλιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΒααλιμ: meaning 'Baals'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αἷςwhichRR DPF · ὅςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestαἷς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐπέθυενwas sacrificingV1I IAI3S · θύω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseθύω + ἐπι: meaning 'was sacrificing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιετίθετοwas adorning herselfV7I IMI3S · τίθημι + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseτίθημι + περι: meaning 'was adorning herself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνώτιαearringsN2N APN · ἐνώτιονdirect object of ἔδωκαν (second item surrendered)ἐνώτιον: meaning 'earrings'; it serves as direct object of ἔδωκαν (second item surrendered).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθόρμιαnecklacesN2N APN · καθόρμιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalκαθόρμιον: meaning 'necklaces'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύετοgoV1I IMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ imperfect of repeated movementπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ὀπίσωafter / behindP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐραστῶνloversN1M GPM · ἐραστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐραστής: meaning 'lovers'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπελάθετοuponVBI AMI3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal element carrying the clause action→ wild creatures and limits of masteryλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause action.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
16
διὰ τοῦτο ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ πλανῶ αὐτὴν καὶ τάξω αὐτὴν εἰς ἔρημον καὶ λαλήσω ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτῆς
Therefore, behold, I will lead her astray and set her in the wilderness and speak to her heart.
The chapter pivots here from lawsuit to restoration. The wilderness, once threat, becomes the place of intimate divine speech again.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse markerἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πλανῶI will lead astrayVF2 FAI1S · πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπλανάω: meaning 'I will lead astray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάξωI appointVF FAI1S · τάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτάσσω: meaning 'I appoint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἔρημονdesolateN2 ASF · ἔρημοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἔρημος: meaning 'desolate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσωI will speakVF FAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ predictive future (the speech-act about to begin)λαλέω: meaning 'I will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
17
καὶ δώσω αὐτῇ τὰ κτήματα αὐτῆς ἐκεῖθεν καὶ τὴν κοιλάδα Αχωρ διανοῖξαι σύνεσιν αὐτῆς καὶ ταπεινωθήσεται ἐκεῖ κατὰ τὰς ἡμέρας νηπιότητος αὐτῆς καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἡμέρας ἀναβάσεως αὐτῆς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου
And I will give her her possessions from there, and the valley of Achor to open her understanding; and she shall be humbled there according to the days of her youth and according to the days of her coming up from the land of Egypt.
A place associated with trouble becomes the site of understanding and humbled renewal, linked back to the formative memory of the exodus.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future force: points to action still aheadδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήματαestatesN3M APN · κτῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ locust devastation and communal lamentκτῆμα: meaning 'estates'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereD · ἐκεῖθενadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖθεν: meaning 'from there'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλάδαvalleyN3D ASF · κοιλάςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκοιλάς: meaning 'valley'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΑχωρAchorN GS · Αχωρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΑχωρ: meaning 'Achor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διανοῖξαιto openVA AAN · οἴγω + δια + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἴγω + δια + ἀνα: meaning 'to open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύνεσινunderstandingN3I ASF · σύνεσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσύνεσις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινωθήσεταιhumbleVC FPI3S · ταπεινόωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristταπεινόω: meaning 'humble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
νηπιότητοςyouthN3T GSF · νηπιότηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or qualityνηπιότης: meaning 'youth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀναβάσεωςascentN3I GSF · ἀνάβασιςgenitive dependentἀνάβασις: meaning 'ascent'; it serves as genitive dependent.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
18
καὶ ἔσται ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ λέγει κύριος καλέσει με ὁ ἀνήρ μου καὶ οὐ καλέσει με ἔτι Βααλιμ
And it shall be in that day, says the Lord, she will call me, 'My husband,' and will no longer call me, 'Baal.'
Language itself is healed. The relation is recast away from Baalic idiom and back into true covenant intimacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καλέσειhe will callVF FAI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationκαλέω: meaning 'he will call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνήρa manN3 NSM · ἀνήρpredicate nominative in the subordinate clause→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'a man'; it serves as predicate nominative in the subordinate clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
καλέσειhe will callVF FAI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form presenting the action as a complete predicationκαλέω: meaning 'he will call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ΒααλιμBaalsN NP · Βααλιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΒααλιμ: meaning 'Baals'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
19
καὶ ἐξαρῶ τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν Βααλιμ ἐκ στόματος αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ μὴ μνησθῶσιν οὐκέτι τὰ ὀνόματα αὐτῶν
And I will remove the names of the Baals from her mouth, and their names shall no longer be remembered.
The restoration is not superficial coexistence; rival names are expelled from memory and speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the announced resultαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesN3M APN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'names'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒααλιμBaalsN GP · Βααλιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΒααλιμ: meaning 'Baals'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ simple negationοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
μνησθῶσινrememberVS APS3P · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal formμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverb qualifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesN3M APN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'names'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
20
καὶ διαθήσομαι αὐτοῖς ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ διαθήκην μετὰ τῶν θηρίων τοῦ ἀγροῦ καὶ μετὰ τῶν πετεινῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ μετὰ τῶν ἑρπετῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ τόξον καὶ ῥομφαίαν καὶ πόλεμον συντρίψω ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς καὶ κατοικιῶ σε ἐπ' ἐλπίδι
And I will make for them in that day a covenant with the beasts of the field and with the birds of the sky and with the creeping things of the earth; and I will shatter bow and sword and war from the land, and I will settle you in hope.
The restoration widens from marriage to creation. Violence is broken and the whole order is reshaped toward security and hope.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθήσομαιmake a covenantVF FMI1S · τίθημι + διαmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future middle indicativeτίθημι + δια: meaning 'make a covenant'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θηρίωνbeastsN2N GPN · θηρίονpartitive genitive with ἓν→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterθηρίον: meaning 'beasts'; it serves as partitive genitive with ἓν.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγροῦfieldN2 GSM · ἀγρόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινῶνbirdsN2N GPN · πετεινόνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπετεινόν: meaning 'birds'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑρπετῶνcreeping thingsN2N GPN · ἑρπετόνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileἑρπετόν: meaning 'creeping things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τόξονbowN2N ASN · τόξονaccusative object or complement→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥομφαίανswordN1A ASF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
συντρίψωwas crushedVF FAI1S · τρίβω + συνfinite verb governing the clause→ constative aorist passiveτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικιῶsettleVF2 FAI1S · οἰκίζω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionοἰκίζω + κατα: meaning 'settle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐλπίδιin confidenceN3D DSF · ἐλπίςdative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation→ sphere or referenceἐλπίς: meaning 'in confidence'; it serves as dative substantive functioning in location, means, manner, or relation.
21
καὶ μνηστεύσομαί σε ἐμαυτῷ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ μνηστεύσομαί σε ἐμαυτῷ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ἐν κρίματι καὶ ἐν ἐλέει καὶ ἐν οἰκτιρμοῖς
And I will betroth you to myself forever, and I will betroth you to myself in righteousness and in judgment and in mercy and in compassions.
The repeated betrothal language gives legal, emotional, and covenantal density to the restoration promise.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνηστεύσομαίI will betrothVF FMI1S · μνηστεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseμνηστεύομαι: meaning 'I will betroth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦdative reflexive pronoun of advantage→ participant focusἐμαυτῷ: meaning 'for myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative reflexive pronoun of advantage.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνηστεύσομαίI will betrothVF FMI1S · μνηστεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseμνηστεύομαι: meaning 'I will betroth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦdative reflexive pronoun of advantage→ participant focusἐμαυτῷ: meaning 'for myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative reflexive pronoun of advantage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative complement marking reference, sphere, means, or relation→ sphere or referenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as dative complement marking reference, sphere, means, or relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κρίματιcustom / mannerN3M DSN · κρίμαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceκρίμα: meaning 'custom'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐλέειmercyN3E DSN · ἔλεοςdative noun in an idiomatic expression of divine favor→ sphere or referenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as dative noun in an idiomatic expression of divine favor.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
οἰκτιρμοῖςcompassionN2 DPM · οἰκτιρμόςnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ content term contributing imagery, participants, or setting within the chapterοἰκτιρμός: meaning 'compassion'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
22
καὶ μνηστεύσομαί σε ἐμαυτῷ ἐν πίστει καὶ ἐπιγνώσῃ τὸν κύριον
And I will betroth you to myself in faithfulness, and you shall know the Lord.
The renewed marriage is ordered toward real knowledge of the Lord, undoing the ignorance named earlier in the book.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνηστεύσομαίI will betrothVF FMI1S · μνηστεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseμνηστεύομαι: meaning 'I will betroth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦdative reflexive pronoun of advantage→ participant focusἐμαυτῷ: meaning 'for myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative reflexive pronoun of advantage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πίστειgood faith / faithfulnessN3I DSF · πίστιςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceπίστις: meaning 'good faith'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιγνώσῃknowVF FMI2S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
23
καὶ ἔσται ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ λέγει κύριος ἐπακούσομαι τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς ἐπακούσεται τῇ γῇ
And it shall be in that day, says the Lord, I will listen to the heaven, and the heaven shall listen to the earth.
The restoration promise becomes a chain of responsiveness: heaven, earth, and life-giving provision are rejoined under divine hearing.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun marking reference, means, or location→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun marking reference, means, or location.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoingλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπακούσομαιlistenVF FMI1S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future middle verbal form projecting a coming actionἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'listen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανῷheavenN2 DSM · οὐρανόςdative complement→ sphere or referenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸςheavenN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἐπακούσεταιwill listenVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιfinite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion→ futureἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'will listen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
24
καὶ ἡ γῆ ἐπακούσεται τὸν σῖτον καὶ τὸν οἶνον καὶ τὸ ἔλαιον καὶ αὐτὰ ἐπακούσεται τῷ Ιεζραελ
And the earth shall listen to the grain and the wine and the oil, and they shall listen to Jezreel.
The answer moves downward through creation into agricultural blessing, and Jezreel is transformed into a sign of fruitful sowing.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐπακούσεταιwill listenVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιfinite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion→ futureἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'will listen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῖτονgrain / wheatN2 ASM · σῖτοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD NPN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ appointed times and creaturely limitsαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐπακούσεταιwill listenVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιfinite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion→ futureἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'will listen'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal form advancing the clause action or assertion.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙεζραελJezreelN DSM · Ιεζραελadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΙεζραελ: meaning 'Jezreel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
25
καὶ σπερῶ αὐτὴν ἐμαυτῷ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐλεήσω τὴν Οὐκ-ἠλεημένην καὶ ἐρῶ τῷ Οὐ-λαῷ-μου λαός μου εἶ σύ καὶ αὐτὸς ἐρεῖ κύριος ὁ θεός μου εἶ σύ
And I will sow her for myself upon the earth, and I will have mercy on Not-Shown-Mercy, and I will say to Not-My-People, 'You are my people,' and he shall say, 'You are the Lord my God.'
The chapter closes by overturning the names of rejection with sowing, mercy, and reciprocal confession. What was broken in Hosea's first sign-act is here restored in full covenant speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπερῶsowVF2 FAI1S · σπείρωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionσπείρω: meaning 'sow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦdative reflexive pronoun of advantage→ participant focusἐμαυτῷ: meaning 'for myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative reflexive pronoun of advantage.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεήσωhave mercyVF FAI1S · ἐλεέωfinite verb carrying the clause's main action or assertion→ futureἐλεέω: meaning 'have mercy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb carrying the clause's main action or assertion.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Οὐκ-ἠλεημένηνNot-Shown-MercyN ASF · οὐ̈ἐλεέωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΟὐκ-ἠλεημένην: meaning 'Not-Shown-Mercy'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρῶI will tellVF2 FAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'I will tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Οὐ-λαῷ-μουNot-My-PeopleN DSM · οὐ̈λαόσ̈ἐγώadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΟὐ-λαῷ-μου: meaning 'Not-My-People'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
σύyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ present verbal form portraying the action as ongoing or immediateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
σύyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.