1
ἐκύκλωσέν με ἐν ψεύδει Εφραιμ καὶ ἐν ἀσεβείαις οἶκος Ισραηλ καὶ Ιουδα νῦν ἔγνω αὐτοὺς ὁ θεός καὶ λαὸς ἅγιος κεκλήσεται θεοῦ
Ephraim surrounded me with falsehood, and the house of Israel with impieties; but now God knew them, and a holy people shall be called of God.
The chapter begins with deceit enveloping Israel, yet the closing clause preserves a tension between exposure and the remembered calling of holiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐκύκλωσένsurroundedVAI AAI3S · κυκλόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aorist (the abyss encircled in one moment)κυκλόω: meaning 'surrounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ψεύδειfalsehoodN3E DSN · ψεῦδοςhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ relational focusψεῦδος: meaning 'falsehood'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀσεβείαιςimpietyN1A DPF · ἀσέβειαdative element marking reference, means, or association→ sphere or referenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'impiety'; it serves as dative element marking reference, means, or association.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name functioning within the prophetic scene→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the prophetic scene.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse pivot to present applicationνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγνωlearnedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeγιγνώσκω: meaning 'learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἅγιοςholyA1A NSM · ἅγιοςnominative element functioning within the clause→ participant prominenceἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as nominative element functioning within the clause.
κεκλήσεταιshall be calledVFX FPI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseκαλέω: meaning 'shall be called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
2
ὁ δὲ Εφραιμ πονηρὸν πνεῦμα ἐδίωξεν καύσωνα ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν κενὰ καὶ μάταια ἐπλήθυνεν καὶ διαθήκην μετὰ Ἀσσυρίων διέθετο καὶ ἔλαιον εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐνεπορεύετο
And Ephraim pursued an evil wind, he chased the scorching east wind all day; he multiplied empty and vain things, made a covenant with the Assyrians, and oil was traded into Egypt.
Foreign policy is pictured as wind-chasing: frantic diplomacy multiplies emptiness rather than securing life.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
πονηρὸνevilA1A ASN · πονηρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
ἐδίωξενpursuedVAI AAI3S · διώκωmain verb of pursuit→ constative aorist of pursuitδιώκω: meaning 'pursued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of pursuit.
καύσωναscorching east windN3W ASM · καύσωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαύσων: meaning 'scorching east wind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅληνwholeA1 ASF · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κενὰempty thingsA1 APN · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endκενός: meaning 'empty things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μάταιαvain thingsA1A APN · μάταιοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ nominal, pronominal, or adjectival contribution to the oracle's imagery and argumentμάταιος: meaning 'vain things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἐπλήθυνενincreased / grew greatV1I IAI3S · πληθύνωmain verb (intensifying continuation)→ ongoing verbal processπληθύνω: meaning 'increased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (intensifying continuation).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαθήκηνcovenantN1 ASF · διαθήκηcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἈσσυρίωνAssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive dependent within the phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive dependent within the phrase.
διέθετοhe madeVEI AMI3S · τίθημι + διαfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι + δια: meaning 'he made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαιονoilN2N ASN · ἔλαιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning within the clause.
ἐνεπορεύετοwas tradedV1I IMI3S · πορεύομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπορεύομαι + ἐν: meaning 'was traded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
καὶ κρίσις τῷ κυρίῳ πρὸς Ιουδαν τοῦ ἐκδικῆσαι τὸν Ιακωβ κατὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ κατὰ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτοῦ ἀνταποδώσει αὐτῷ
And there is a judgment for the Lord against Judah, to avenge Jacob according to his ways; according to his practices he will repay him.
The Lord's case extends across the covenant people, and Jacob/Israel is measured by lived conduct rather than inherited status.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίσιςjudgmentN3I NSF · κρίσιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδικῆσαιἐκVA AAN · δικέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ oracle-specific judgment emphasisδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβJacobN ASM · Ἰακώβconnective or particle shaping the flow of the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: meaning 'Jacob'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοὺςwayN2 APF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδεύματαdeedN3M APN · ἐπιτήδευμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'deed'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀνταποδώσειwill repayVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποmain or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
4
ἐν τῇ κοιλίᾳ ἐπτέρνισεν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐν κόποις αὐτοῦ ἐνίσχυσεν πρὸς θεὸν
In the womb he grasped his brother's heel, and in his labors he prevailed with God.
The patriarchal recollection begins with grasping and striving, presenting Jacob as a figure of tenacious but troubled encounter.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίᾳwombN1A DSF · κοιλίαnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceκοιλία: meaning 'womb'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἐπτέρνισενgrasped the heelVAI AAI3S · πτερνίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπτερνίζω: meaning 'grasped the heel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφὸνbrotherN2 ASM · ἀδελφόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κόποιςlaborsN2 DPM · κόποςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκόπος: meaning 'labors'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνίσχυσενhad grown strongVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + ἐνverb of the content clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeἰσχύω + ἐν: meaning 'had grown strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the content clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
5
καὶ ἐνίσχυσεν μετὰ ἀγγέλου καὶ ἠδυνάσθη ἔκλαυσαν καὶ ἐδεήθησάν μου ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ Ων εὕροσάν με καὶ ἐκεῖ ἐλαλήθη πρὸς αὐτόν
And he prevailed with an angel and was strong; they wept and made supplication to me; in the house of On they found me, and there it was spoken to him.
The Jacob story turns from strength to tears and supplication, shifting the memory toward encounter, dependence, and divine speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνίσχυσενhad grown strongVAI AAI3S · ἰσχύω + ἐνverb of the content clause→ aorist verbal form presenting the action as a wholeἰσχύω + ἐν: meaning 'had grown strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the content clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἀγγέλουangel / messengerN2 GSM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clause→ electing love, polluted worship, and priestly contemptἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠδυνάσθηwas ableVSI API3S · δύναμαιfinite verb expressing failed capability→ aorist of unsuccessful attemptδύναμαι: meaning 'was able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb expressing failed capability.
ἔκλαυσανweptVAI AAI3P · κλαίωmain verb of lament→ constative aoristκλαίω: meaning 'wept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of lament.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδεήθησάνmade supplicationVCI API3P · δέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseδέω: meaning 'made supplication'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΩνOnN GS · Ωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΩν: meaning 'On'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕροσάνfoundVA AAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ adverbial nuanceἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἐλαλήθηspeakVCI API3S · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
6
ὁ δὲ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ παντοκράτωρ ἔσται μνημόσυνον αὐτοῦ
And the Lord God almighty shall be his memorial.
The point of the recollection is not antiquarian memory but covenant remembrance centered on the Lord himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἔσταιbeV9 FMI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
μνημόσυνονmemorialN2N NSN · μνημόσυνονhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ participant prominenceμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memorial'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
7
καὶ σὺ ἐν θεῷ σου ἐπιστρέψεις ἔλεον καὶ κρίμα φυλάσσου καὶ ἔγγιζε πρὸς τὸν θεόν σου διὰ παντός
And you shall return by your God; keep mercy and judgment, and draw near to your God continually.
Jacob's story becomes a direct summons: true return means sustained justice, mercy, and nearness to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπιστρέψειςstrepho + epiVF FAI2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'strepho + epi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ἔλεονmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
φυλάσσουkeepV1 PMD2S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφυλάσσω: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγγιζεdraw nearV1 PAD2S · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἐγγίζω: meaning 'draw near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
παντόςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
8
Χανααν ἐν χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ζυγὸς ἀδικίας καταδυναστεύειν ἠγάπησε
Canaan! In his hand is a balance of injustice; he loved to oppress.
The nation is renamed by the character of its trade: unjust scales reveal a market formed by exploitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ΧαναανCanaanN NS · Χαναανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΧανααν: meaning 'Canaan'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ζυγὸςyokeN2 NSM · ζυγόςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceζυγός: meaning 'yoke'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἀδικίαςinjusticeN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive object of ὑπέρ→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as genitive object of ὑπέρ.
καταδυναστεύεινto oppressV1 PAN · δυναστεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ darkness, fear, and imprisoned conscienceδυναστεύω + κατα: meaning 'to oppress'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἠγάπησεlovedVAI AAI3S · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἀγαπάω: meaning 'loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
καὶ εἶπεν Εφραιμ πλὴν πεπλούτηκα εὕρηκα ἀναψυχὴν ἐμαυτῷ πάντες οἱ πόνοι αὐτοῦ οὐχ εὑρεθήσονται αὐτῷ δι' ἀδικίας ἃς ἥμαρτεν
And Ephraim said, 'Yet I have become rich; I found relief for myself; all his labors shall not be found for him among the injustices by which he sinned.'
Wealth produces moral self-deception: prosperity is treated as proof of innocence rather than as occasion for scrutiny.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
πλὴνexceptD · πλήνpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλὴν: meaning 'except'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
πεπλούτηκαI have become richVX XAI1S · πλουτέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseπλουτέω: meaning 'I have become rich'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εὕρηκαI have foundVX XAI1S · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὑρίσκω: meaning 'I have found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
ἀναψυχὴνreliefN1 ASF · ἀναψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goalἀναψυχή: meaning 'relief'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμαυτῷfor myselfRD DSM · ἐμαυτοῦdative reflexive pronoun of advantage→ participant focusἐμαυτῷ: meaning 'for myself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative reflexive pronoun of advantage.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόνοιlaborsN2 NPM · πόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipπόνος: meaning 'labors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ simple negationοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὑρεθήσονταιshall be foundVC FPI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'shall be found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement→ relation marked by the governing prepositionδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
ἀδικίαςiniquitiesN1A APF · ἀδικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀδικία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἃςwhichRR APF · ὅςdemonstrative or relative element tying the register together→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative or relative element tying the register together.
ἥμαρτενsinVBI AAI3S · ἁμαρτάνωfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ aoristἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'sin'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
10
ἐγὼ δὲ κύριος ὁ θεός σου ἀνήγαγόν σε ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ἔτι κατοικιῶ σε ἐν σκηναῖς καθὼς ἡμέρᾳ ἑορτῆς
But I am the Lord your God, the one who brought you up from the land of Egypt; I will yet make you dwell in tents as in the days of the feast.
The Lord reasserts the primal exodus identity and threatens a return to tent-dwelling, whether as judgment, pilgrimage, or both.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνήγαγόνI brought upVBI AAI1S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'I brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
κατοικιῶsettleVF2 FAI1S · οἰκίζω + καταmain verbal form advancing the clause→ future verbal form projecting a coming actionοἰκίζω + κατα: meaning 'settle'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σκηναῖςbooth / tentN1 DPF · σκηνήnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: meaning 'booth'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ adverbial nuanceκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἑορτῆςa feastN1 GSF · ἑορτήobject of πρό→ relational specificationἑορτή: meaning 'a feast'; it serves as object of πρό.
11
καὶ λαλήσω πρὸς προφήτας καὶ ἐγὼ ὁράσεις ἐπλήθυνα καὶ ἐν χερσὶν προφητῶν ὡμοιώθην
And I will speak to prophets, and I multiplied visions, and by the hands of prophets I was made known in likenesses.
Israel cannot claim ignorance: God has spoken repeatedly and variously through prophetic revelation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλήσωI will speakVF FAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action or command of the clause→ predictive future (the speech-act about to begin)λαλέω: meaning 'I will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action or command of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
προφήταςprophetN1M APM · προφήτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁράσειςvisionsN3I APF · ὅρασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ accusative element marking object or goalὅρασις: meaning 'visions'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπλήθυναI multipliedVAI AAI1S · πληθύνωfinite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or stateπληθύνω: meaning 'I multiplied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb carrying the clause's action, process, speech, or state.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χερσὶνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
προφητῶνprophetN1M GPM · προφήτηςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ὡμοιώθηνwas made known in likenessesVCI API1S · ὁμοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁμοιόω: meaning 'was made known in likenesses'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
εἰ μὴ Γαλααδ ἔστιν ἄρα ψευδεῖς ἦσαν ἐν Γαλγαλ ἄρχοντες θυσιάζοντες καὶ τὰ θυσιαστήρια αὐτῶν ὡς χελῶναι ἐπὶ χέρσον ἀγροῦ
If Gilead is not, then they were surely false; in Gilgal rulers were sacrificing, and their altars were like heaps upon the dry ground of a field.
Regional sanctuaries and their leaders are emptied of legitimacy; what looked stable is reduced to field-heaps.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
εἰifC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ conditional / interrogative markerεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ prohibitive / negativeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ΓαλααδGileadN NS · Γαλαάδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: meaning 'Gilead'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ present/imperfective aspect: portrays the action as ongoing or in progressεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἄραperhapsX · ἄραparticle softening the expectation→ discourse linkage or contrastἄρα: meaning 'perhaps'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψευδεῖςfalseA3H NPM · ψευδήςnominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as nominative nominal element functioning as subject or predicate within the clause.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ imperfect of identification or stateεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΓαλγαλGilgalN DS · Γαλγαλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΓαλγαλ: meaning 'Gilgal'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
θυσιάζοντεςthey were sacrificingV1 · παπνπμ θυσιάζωparticiple functioning verbally to describe the ongoing actionπαπνπμ θυσιάζω: meaning 'they were sacrificing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle functioning verbally to describe the ongoing action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσιαστήριαaltarsN2N NPN · θυσιαστήριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altars'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coordinationὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χελῶναιheapsN1 NPF · χελώνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionχελώνη: meaning 'heaps'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
χέρσονwastelandN2 ASF · χέρσοςaccusative element functioning as object or complement→ object specificationχέρσος: meaning 'wasteland'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or complement.
ἀγροῦfieldN2 GSM · ἀγρόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
13
καὶ ἀνεχώρησεν Ιακωβ εἰς πεδίον Συρίας καὶ ἐδούλευσεν Ισραηλ ἐν γυναικὶ καὶ ἐν γυναικὶ ἐφυλάξατο
And Jacob withdrew into the plain of Syria, and Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept watch.
The patriarch whose descendants boast of wealth is recalled first as fugitive and servant, dependent upon patient labor.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεχώρησενwithdrewVAI AAI3S · χωρέω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ assertion or appealχωρέω + ἀνα: meaning 'withdrew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙακωβJacobN NSM · Ἰακώβproper name functioning within the clause or phrase→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name functioning within the clause or phrase.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πεδίονplainN2N ASN · πεδίονaccusative (coordinate zone)→ object specificationπεδίον: meaning 'plain'; it serves as accusative (coordinate zone).
ΣυρίαςSyriaN GS · Συρίαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phraseΣυρίας: meaning 'Syria'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδούλευσενservedVAI AAI3S · δουλεύωmain verb (the people's faithful service)→ constative aoristδουλεύω: meaning 'served'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the people's faithful service).
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γυναικὶwifeN3K DSF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
γυναικὶwifeN3K DSF · γυνήnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
ἐφυλάξατοkept watchVAI AMI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeφυλάσσω: meaning 'kept watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
καὶ ἐν προφήτῃ ἀνήγαγεν κύριος τὸν Ισραηλ ἐξ Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἐν προφήτῃ διεφυλάχθη
And by a prophet the Lord brought Israel up out of Egypt, and by a prophet he was guarded.
Israel's national life is framed not by autonomous power but by prophetic mediation from beginning to preservation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προφήτῃprophetN1M DSM · προφήτηςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ sphere or referenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
ἀνήγαγενbrought upVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἀναmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προφήτῃprophetN1M DSM · προφήτηςdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ sphere or referenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
διεφυλάχθηwas guardedVQI API3S · φυλάσσω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseφυλάσσω + δια: meaning 'was guarded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
ἐθύμωσεν Εφραιμ καὶ παρώργισεν καὶ τὸ αἷμα αὐτοῦ ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐκχυθήσεται καὶ τὸν ὀνειδισμὸν αὐτοῦ ἀνταποδώσει αὐτῷ κύριος
Ephraim provoked wrath and embittered; his blood shall be poured out upon him, and the Lord will repay his reproach to him.
The chapter closes with certain reciprocity: provocation returns upon the provoker, and insult is answered by the Lord himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐθύμωσενprovoked wrathVAI AAI3S · θυμόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clauseθυμόω: meaning 'provoked wrath'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΕφραιμEphraimN NSM · Ἐφράιμname-item in the genealogical register→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as name-item in the genealogical register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρώργισενhe provokedVAI AAI3S · ὀργίζω + παραverb of relative clause (the provoking of God)ὀργίζω + παρα: meaning 'he provoked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause (the provoking of God).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμαbloodN3M NSN · αἷμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐκχυθήσεταιshall be poured outVC FPI3S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ humiliation, mockery, and divine assaultχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be poured out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ coordinationκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνειδισμὸνreproach / disgraceN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςsecond predicate accusative with ἐγενήθην→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as second predicate accusative with ἐγενήθην.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀνταποδώσειwill repayVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποmain or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'will repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main or subordinate verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participial force supplying attendant circumstance or descriptionαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as head noun within the clause.