Jeremiah 20 — Greek, Translation, Interlinear & Discourse

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

καὶ ἤκουσεν Πασχωρ υἱὸς Εμμηρ ὁ ἱερεύς καὶ οὗτος ἦν καθεσταμένος ἡγούμενος οἴκου κυρίου τοῦ Ιερεμιου προφητεύοντος τοὺς λόγους τούτους

And Pashhur son of Emmer the priest heard Jeremiah prophesying these words, and he had been appointed governor of the house of the Lord.

Narrative openingasyndeton

Begins by identifying Pashhur and linking his reaction directly to Jeremiah's prophecy.

Word-by-word analysis· 20 words

καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἤκουσενheardVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ΠασχωρPashhurN NSM · Πασχωρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΠασχωρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ΕμμηρEmmerN GSM · Εμμηρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕμμηρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἱερεύςpriestsN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

καθεσταμένοςappointedVM · χμπνσμ ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ ἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἡγούμενοςa prince / leaderV2 · πμπνσμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'a prince'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

προφητεύοντοςprophesyingV1 · παπγσμ προφητεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ προφητεύω: meaning 'prophesying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τούτουςtheseRD APM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτούτους: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐνέβαλεν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν καταρράκτην ὃς ἦν ἐν πύλῃ οἴκου ἀποτεταγμένου τοῦ ὑπερῴου ὃς ἦν ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου

And he struck him and put him into the stocks that were at the gate of the appointed upper house, which was in the house of the Lord.

Hostile responseasyndeton

The official answer to the oracle is violence and public restraint within the temple complex.

Word-by-word analysis· 22 words

ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνέβαλενcast / cut inVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

καταρράκτηνstocksN1M ASM · καταρράκτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαταρράκτης: meaning 'stocks'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

πύλῃgateN1 DSF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ἀποτεταγμένουappointedVK · χμπγσμ τάσσω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπγσμ τάσσω + ἀπο: meaning 'appointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὑπερῴουupper roomN2N GSN · ὑπερῷονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὑπερῷον: meaning 'upper room'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ὃςwhichRR NSN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

καὶ ἐξήγαγεν Πασχωρ τὸν Ιερεμιαν ἐκ τοῦ καταρράκτου καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ Ιερεμιας οὐχὶ Πασχωρ ἐκάλεσεν κύριος τὸ ὄνομά σου ἀλλ' ἢ μέτοικον

And Pashhur brought Jeremiah out of the stocks, and Jeremiah said to him, The Lord has not called your name Pashhur, but Exile.

Release and renamingasyndeton

Jeremiah answers the punishment with a prophetic renaming that turns Pashhur into a sign of judgment.

Word-by-word analysis· 22 words

ἐξήγαγενbrought outVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΙερεμιανieremiasN1T ASM · Ἰερεμίαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΙερεμιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

καταρράκτουstocksN1M GSM · καταρράκτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκαταρράκτης: meaning 'stocks'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ΙερεμιαςJeremiahN1T NSM · Ἰερεμίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΙερεμιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

οὐχὶnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχὶ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ΠασχωρPashhurN ASM · Πασχωρnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΠασχωρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

ἐκάλεσενcalledVAI AAI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἢorC · ἤconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μέτοικονexileN2 ASM · μέτοικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέτοικος: meaning 'exile'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

διότι τάδε λέγει κύριος ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ δίδωμί σε εἰς μετοικίαν σὺν πᾶσι τοῖς φίλοις σου καὶ πεσοῦνται ἐν μαχαίρᾳ ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου ὄψονται καὶ σὲ καὶ πάντα Ιουδαν δώσω εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος καὶ μετοικιοῦσιν αὐτοὺς καὶ κατακόψουσιν αὐτοὺς ἐν μαχαίραις

For thus says the Lord: Behold, I am giving you over to exile together with all your friends, and they shall fall by the sword of their enemies and your eyes shall see it; and I will give all Judah into the hands of the king of Babylon, and they will deport them and strike them with swords.

Judgment oracleasyndeton

The new name is explained through a sentence of exile, sword, and Babylonian domination.

Word-by-word analysis· 44 words

διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

δίδωμίdidomiV8 PAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'didomi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

μετοικίανexileN1A ASF · μετοικίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμετοικία: meaning 'exile'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

φίλοιςfriendA1 DPM · φίλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

πεσοῦνταιfellVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μαχαίρᾳswordN1A DSF · μάχαιραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ὄψονταιseeVF FMI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ΙουδανJudahN1T ASM · Ἰούδαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΙουδαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

μετοικιοῦσινthey will deportVF FAI3P · οἰκίζω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκίζω + μετα: meaning 'they will deport'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

κατακόψουσινcut downVF FAI3P · κόπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκόπτω + κατα: meaning 'cut down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μαχαίραιςswordN1 DPF · μάχαιραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

καὶ δώσω τὴν πᾶσαν ἰσχὺν τῆς πόλεως ταύτης καὶ πάντας τοὺς πόνους αὐτῆς καὶ πάντας τοὺς θησαυροὺς τοῦ βασιλέως Ιουδα εἰς χεῖρας ἐχθρῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἄξουσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς Βαβυλῶνα

And I will give all the strength of this city and all its labors and all the treasures of the king of Judah into the hands of his enemies, and they will carry them to Babylon.

Spoilation sentenceasyndeton

The judgment widens from Pashhur to the city's wealth, labor, and royal treasure.

Word-by-word analysis· 29 words

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ταύτηςthisRD GSF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πόνουςpainN2 APM · πόνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόνος: meaning 'pain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

θησαυροὺςthesaurosN2 APM · θησαυρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.

αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἄξουσινleadVF FAI3P · ἄγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἄγω: meaning 'lead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶ σὺ καὶ πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου πορεύσεσθε ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ καὶ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι ἀποθανῇ καὶ ἐκεῖ ταφήσῃ σὺ καὶ πάντες οἱ φίλοι σου οἷς ἐπροφήτευσας αὐτοῖς ψευδῆ

And you and all those dwelling in your house shall go into captivity, and in Babylon you shall die, and there you shall be buried, you and all your friends to whom you prophesied lies.

Personal applicationasyndeton

The oracle returns to Pashhur personally and seals his fate together with his household and false-prophetic circle.

Word-by-word analysis· 30 words

σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πορεύσεσθεyou shall goVF FMI2P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'you shall go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αἰχμαλωσίᾳcaptivity / captivesN1A DSF · αἰχμαλωσίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ΒαβυλῶνιBabylonN3W DSF · Βαβυλώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ἀποθανῇἀποθανῇVF2 FMI2S · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀποθανῇ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ταφήσῃyou will be buriedVF FMI2S · θάπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureθάπτω: meaning 'you will be buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

φίλοιfriendsA1 NPM · φίλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφίλος: meaning 'friends'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

οἷςwho / whichRR DPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐπροφήτευσαςyou prophesiedVAI AAI2S · προφητεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπροφητεύω: meaning 'you prophesied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ψευδῆfalseA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἠπάτησάς με κύριε καὶ ἠπατήθην ἐκράτησας καὶ ἠδυνάσθης ἐγενόμην εἰς γέλωτα πᾶσαν ἡμέραν διετέλεσα μυκτηριζόμενος

You deceived me, O Lord, and I was deceived; you were stronger and prevailed. I became a laughingstock all day long; I was continually mocked.

Confessional complaintasyndeton

The poem shifts inward as Jeremiah accuses the Lord of overpowering him into a disgraced vocation.

Word-by-word analysis· 15 words

ἠπάτησάςyou deceivedVAI AAI2S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀπατάω: meaning 'you deceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.

ἠπατήθηνI was deceivedVCI API1S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀπατάω: meaning 'I was deceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐκράτησαςyou took hold ofVAI AAI2S · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρατέω: meaning 'you took hold of'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἠδυνάσθηςprevailedVSI API2S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδύναμαι: meaning 'prevailed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐγενόμηνI becameVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'I became'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

γέλωταgelosN3T ASM · γέλωςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγέλως: meaning 'gelos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

διετέλεσαI continuedVAI AAI1S · τελέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτελέω + δια: meaning 'I continued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

μυκτηριζόμενοςbeing mockedV1 · πππνσμ μυκτηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππνσμ μυκτηρίζω: meaning 'being mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὅτι πικρῷ λόγῳ μου γελάσομαι ἀθεσίαν καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι ὅτι ἐγενήθη λόγος κυρίου εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν ἐμοὶ καὶ εἰς χλευασμὸν πᾶσαν ἡμέραν μου

For with my bitter word I will laugh; I will call out lawlessness and misery, because the word of the Lord became for me reproach and derision all my days.

Reason for lamentasyndeton

His public message of violence and misery has turned the word itself into constant ridicule.

Word-by-word analysis· 22 words

ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πικρῷbitterA1A DSM · πικρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπικρός: meaning 'bitter'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

λόγῳwordN2 DSM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

γελάσομαιI will laughVF FMI1S · γελάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγελάω: meaning 'I will laugh'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἀθεσίανlawlessnessN1A ASF · ἀθεσίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθεσία: meaning 'lawlessness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ταλαιπωρίανmiseryN1A ASF · ταλαιπωρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταλαιπωρία: meaning 'misery'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐπικαλέσομαιI will call uponVF FMI1S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'I will call upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐγενήθηbecome / happenVCI API3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ὀνειδισμὸνreproach / disgraceN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

χλευασμὸνderisionN2 ASM · χλευασμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχλευασμός: meaning 'derision'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καὶ εἶπα οὐ μὴ ὀνομάσω τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου καὶ οὐ μὴ λαλήσω ἔτι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς πῦρ καιόμενον φλέγον ἐν τοῖς ὀστέοις μου καὶ παρεῖμαι πάντοθεν καὶ οὐ δύναμαι φέρειν

And I said, I will certainly not name the name of the Lord, and I will certainly not speak any longer in his name. But it became like burning fire flaming in my bones; I am worn out on every side, and I cannot bear it.

Compelled speechasyndeton

Even when Jeremiah resolves to keep silent, the word burns within him and forces expression.

Word-by-word analysis· 34 words

εἶπαI saidVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὀνομάσωI will nameVF FAI1S · ὀνομάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀνομάζω: meaning 'I will name'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

λαλήσωI will speakVF FAI1S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαλέω: meaning 'I will speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὀνόματιnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

καιόμενονburningV1 · πμπνσν καίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσν καίω: meaning 'burning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

φλέγονburningV1 · παπνσν φλέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσν φλέγω: meaning 'burning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὀστέοιςbonesN2N DPN · ὀστέονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀστέον: meaning 'bones'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

παρεῖμαιI am worn outVM XMI1S · ἵημι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵημι + παρα: meaning 'I am worn out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

πάντοθενon every sideD · πάντοθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπάντοθεν: meaning 'on every side'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

δύναμαιI am ableV6 PMI1S · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδύναμαι: meaning 'I am able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

φέρεινbearV1 PAN · φέρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementφέρω: meaning 'bear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ὅτι ἤκουσα ψόγον πολλῶν συναθροιζομένων κυκλόθεν ἐπισύστητε καὶ ἐπισυστῶμεν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄνδρες φίλοι αὐτοῦ τηρήσατε τὴν ἐπίνοιαν αὐτοῦ εἰ ἀπατηθήσεται καὶ δυνησόμεθα αὐτῷ καὶ λημψόμεθα τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ἡμῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ

For I heard the reproach of many gathering around: Rally yourselves, and let us rally together against him. All the men who are his friends say, Watch his purpose; perhaps he will be deceived, and we shall prevail against him and take our vengeance on him.

Enemy conspiracyasyndeton

The prophet reports the surrounding slander and the coordinated hope that he will stumble.

Word-by-word analysis· 30 words

ἤκουσαheardVAI AAI1S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ψόγονreproachN2 ASM · ψόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψόγος: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

πολλῶνmanyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

συναθροιζομένωνgathering togetherV1 · πμπγπμ ἀθροίζω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ ἀθροίζω + συν: meaning 'gathering together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κυκλόθενall aroundD · κυκλόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'all around'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐπισύστητεrally yourselvesVH AAD2P · ἵστημι + ἐπι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἐπι + συν: meaning 'rally yourselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐπισυστῶμενlet us rally againstVH AAS1P · ἵστημι + ἐπι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἐπι + συν: meaning 'let us rally against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

τηρήσατεwatchVA AAD2P · τηρέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτηρέω: meaning 'watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐπίνοιανpurposeN1A ASF · ἐπίνοιαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπίνοια: meaning 'purpose'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

εἰifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἀπατηθήσεταιhe will be deceivedVC FPI3S · ἀπατάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀπατάω: meaning 'he will be deceived'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

δυνησόμεθαshall we be ableVF FMI1P · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύναμαι: meaning 'shall we be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

λημψόμεθαseized / took hold ofVF FMI1P · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐκδίκησινvengeanceN3I ASF · ἐκδίκησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

καὶ κύριος μετ' ἐμοῦ καθὼς μαχητὴς ἰσχύων διὰ τοῦτο ἐδίωξαν καὶ νοῆσαι οὐκ ἠδύναντο ᾐσχύνθησαν σφόδρα ὅτι οὐκ ἐνόησαν ἀτιμίας αὐτῶν αἳ δι' αἰῶνος οὐκ ἐπιλησθήσονται

But the Lord is with me like a mighty warrior; therefore they persecuted me, but they were not able to understand. They were put to great shame because they did not perceive their everlasting dishonor, which shall never be forgotten.

Confidence in the Lordasyndeton

The lament turns upward as Jeremiah confesses the Lord as a powerful ally and predicts the shame of his persecutors.

Word-by-word analysis· 26 words

μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὼς: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μαχητὴςwarriorN1M NSM · μαχητήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαχητής: meaning 'warrior'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἰσχύωνbe strongN3U GPF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'be strong'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐδίωξανthey pursuedVAI AAI3P · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδιώκω: meaning 'they pursued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

νοῆσαινοέωVA AAN · νοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementνοέω: meaning 'νοέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἠδύναντοdynamaiV6I IMI3P · δύναμαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδύναμαι: meaning 'dynamai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ᾐσχύνθησανwere put to shame / became odiousVCI API3P · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰσχύνω: meaning 'were put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐνόησανunderstoodVAI AAI3P · νοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνοέω: meaning 'understood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἀτιμίαςdishonorsN1A APF · ἀτιμίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonors'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

αἳwhichRR NPF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαἳ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

δι'throughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδι': meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ἐπιλησθήσονταιwill be forgottenVC FPI3P · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'will be forgotten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κύριε δοκιμάζων δίκαια συνίων νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας ἴδοιμι τὴν παρὰ σοῦ ἐκδίκησιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ὅτι πρὸς σὲ ἀπεκάλυψα τὰ ἀπολογήματά μου

O Lord, testing righteous things, understanding kidneys and hearts, may I see from you the vengeance upon them, because to you I have revealed my defense.

Appeal for vindicationasyndeton

He asks the heart-testing Lord to make divine vengeance visible because his case has been entrusted to God.

Word-by-word analysis· 21 words

κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.

δοκιμάζωνtestingV1 · παπνσμ δοκιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δοκιμάζω: meaning 'testing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

δίκαιαwhat is justA1A APN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'what is just'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

συνίωνsynV7 · παπνσμ ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἵημι + συν: meaning 'syn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

νεφροὺςkidneysN2 APM · νεφρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεφρός: meaning 'kidneys'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

καρδίαςheartN1A APF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ἴδοιμιmay I seeVB AAO1S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'may I see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἀπεκάλυψαI revealedVAI AAI1S · καλύπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'I revealed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀπολογήματάdefensesN3M APN · ἀπολόγημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπολόγημα: meaning 'defenses'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

ᾄσατε τῷ κυρίῳ αἰνέσατε αὐτῷ ὅτι ἐξείλατο ψυχὴν πένητος ἐκ χειρὸς πονηρευομένων

Sing to the Lord; praise him, because he has rescued the life of the poor from the hand of evildoers.

Brief praiseasyndeton

A compact call to praise celebrates the Lord as rescuer of the poor from wicked hands.

Word-by-word analysis· 12 words

ᾄσατεsingVA AAD2P · ᾄδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateᾄδω: meaning 'sing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

αἰνέσατεpraiseVA AAD2P · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰνέω: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐξείλατοdeliveredVBI AMI3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

πένητοςpoor manN3T GSM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'poor man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

πονηρευομένωνevildoersV1 · πμπγπμ πονηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ πονηρεύω: meaning 'evildoers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐπικατάρατος ἡ ἡμέρα ἐν ᾗ ἐτέχθην ἐν αὐτῇ ἡ ἡμέρα ἐν ᾗ ἔτεκέν με ἡ μήτηρ μου μὴ ἔστω ἐπευκτή

Cursed be the day on which I was born; let the day on which my mother bore me not be blessed.

Curse on birth-dayasyndeton

The tone plunges again as Jeremiah curses the day his life began.

Word-by-word analysis· 20 words

ἐπικατάρατοςcursedA1B NSF · ἐπικατάρατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπικατάρατος: meaning 'cursed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾗ: meaning 'ᾗ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐτέχθηνI was bornVQI API1S · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίκτω: meaning 'I was born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

ἔτεκένboreVBI AAI3S · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίκτω: meaning 'bore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μήτηρmotherN3 NSF · μήτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἔστωisV9 PAD3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐπευκτήblessedN1 NSF · ἐπευκτήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπευκτή: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἐπικατάρατος ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ εὐαγγελισάμενος τῷ πατρί μου λέγων ἐτέχθη σοι ἄρσεν εὐφραινόμενος

Cursed be the man who brought good news to my father, saying, A male has been born to you, making him glad.

Curse on the messengerasyndeton

The malediction extends to the man who announced the birth as glad tidings.

Word-by-word analysis· 13 words

ἐπικατάρατοςaccursedA1B NSM · ἐπικατάρατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπικατάρατος: meaning 'accursed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐαγγελισάμενοςhaving brought good newsVA · αμπνσμ εὐαγγελίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαμπνσμ εὐαγγελίζω: meaning 'having brought good news'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πατρίfatherN3 DSM · πατήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

λέγωνsayingV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐτέχθηwas bornVQI API3S · τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίκτω: meaning 'was born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἄρσενmale childA3 NSN · ἄρσηνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄρσην: meaning 'male child'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

εὐφραινόμενοςrejoicingV1 · πμπνσμ εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ εὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoicing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἔστω ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖνος ὡς αἱ πόλεις ἃς κατέστρεψεν κύριος ἐν θυμῷ καὶ οὐ μετεμελήθη ἀκουσάτω κραυγῆς τὸ πρωὶ καὶ ἀλαλαγμοῦ μεσημβρίας

Let that man become like the cities that the Lord overthrew in anger and did not relent over; let him hear a cry in the morning and a shout at midday,

Imprecation intensifiedasyndeton

Jeremiah asks that the messenger share the fate of cities overthrown without pity.

Word-by-word analysis· 22 words

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐκεῖνοςthatRD NSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκεῖνος: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἃςwhichRR APF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

κατέστρεψεν+ kataVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + κατα: meaning '+ kata'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

θυμῷwrathN2 DSM · θυμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

μετεμελήθηrelent / regretVCI API3S · μελέομαι + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμελέομαι + μετα: meaning 'relent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἀκουσάτωhearVA AAD3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κραυγῆςoutcryN1 GSF · κραυγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκραυγή: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πρωὶin the morningD · πρωί̈adverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπρωὶ: meaning 'in the morning'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἀλαλαγμοῦshoutN2 GSM · ἀλαλαγμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλαλαγμός: meaning 'shout'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

μεσημβρίαςmidday / noonN1A GSF · μεσημβρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμεσημβρία: meaning 'midday'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ὅτι οὐκ ἀπέκτεινέν με ἐν μήτρᾳ μητρὸς καὶ ἐγένετό μοι ἡ μήτηρ μου τάφος μου καὶ ἡ μήτρα συλλήμψεως αἰωνίας

because he did not kill me in the womb, and my mother would have become my grave, and her womb a conception forever.

Reason for the curseasyndeton

The logic of the curse is that death before birth would have been preferable to the life he received.

Word-by-word analysis· 20 words

ἀπέκτεινένkilledVAI AAI3S · κτείνω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκτείνω + ἀπο: meaning 'killed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

μήτρᾳwombN1A DSF · μήτραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμήτρα: meaning 'womb'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

μητρὸςof the motherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'of the mother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ἐγένετόit happenedVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it happened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

τάφοςtombN2 NSM · τάφοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτάφος: meaning 'tomb'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

μήτραwombN1A NSF · μήτραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμήτρα: meaning 'womb'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

συλλήμψεωςconceptionN3I GSF · σύλλημψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσύλλημψις: meaning 'conception'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

αἰωνίαςeverlastingA1A GSF · αἰώνιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰώνιος: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

ἵνα τί τοῦτο ἐξῆλθον ἐκ μήτρας τοῦ βλέπειν κόπους καὶ πόνους καὶ διετέλεσαν ἐν αἰσχύνῃ αἱ ἡμέραι μου

Why was it that I came forth from the womb, to see toil and pains, and my days were spent in shame?

Closing protestasyndeton

Ends with a final why-question that gathers toil, pain, and shame into one cry.

Word-by-word analysis· 18 words

ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.

ἐξῆλθονcame outVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'came out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

μήτραςof wombN1A GSF · μήτραgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτρα: meaning 'of womb'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

βλέπεινlookV1 PAN · βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβλέπω: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

κόπουςtroublesN2 APM · κόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκόπος: meaning 'troubles'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.

διετέλεσανthey were spentVAI AAI3P · τελέω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτελέω + δια: meaning 'they were spent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.

αἰσχύνῃaischyneN1 DSF · αἰσχύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἰσχύνη: meaning 'aischyne'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.

αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

The Book of Jeremiah, Chapter 20ΙΕΡΕΜΙΑΣ Κ′

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