2
τῇ Αἰγύπτῳ ἐπὶ δύναμιν Φαραω Νεχαω βασιλέως Αἰγύπτου ὃς ἦν ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ Εὐφράτῃ ἐν Χαρχαμις ὃν ἐπάταξε Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος ἐν τῷ ἔτει τῷ τετάρτῳ Ιωακιμ βασιλέως Ιουδα
Concerning Egypt, concerning the force of Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt, which was by the river Euphrates at Carchemish, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon struck in the fourth year of Jehoiakim king of Judah.
Begins by naming Egypt, Carchemish, and Jehoiakim's fourth year so the coming taunt is anchored to a concrete military disaster.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑἰγύπτῳEgyptN2 DSF · Αἴγυπτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΦαραωPharaohN GSM · Φαραώnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΝεχαωNecoN GSM · Νεχαωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝεχαω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμῷa riverN2 DSM · ποταμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceποταμός: meaning 'a river'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΕὐφράτῃEuphratesN1M DSM · Εὐφράτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΕὐφράτῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΧαρχαμιςCarchemishN DS · Χαρχαμιςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΧαρχαμις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπάταξεstruckVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετάρτῳfourthA1 DSM · τέταρτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέταρτος: meaning 'fourth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΙωακιμJoakimN GSM · Ιωακιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
3
ἀναλάβετε ὅπλα καὶ ἀσπίδας καὶ προσαγάγετε εἰς πόλεμον
Take up weapons and shields, and come forward for battle.
Imperatives call the Egyptian side to arms, but the summons is ironic because defeat has already been announced.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἀναλάβετεtake upVB AAD2P · λαμβάνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'take up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅπλαweaponsN2N APN · ὅπλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅπλον: meaning 'weapons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσπίδαςshieldN3D APF · ἀσπίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀσπίς: meaning 'shield'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσαγάγετεago + prosVB AAD2P · ἄγω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἄγω + προς: meaning 'ago + pros'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
ἐπισάξατε τοὺς ἵππους ἐπίβητε οἱ ἱππεῖς καὶ κατάστητε ἐν ταῖς περικεφαλαίαις ὑμῶν προβάλετε τὰ δόρατα καὶ ἐνδύσασθε τοὺς θώρακας ὑμῶν
Harness the horses; mount up, riders, and take your stand in your helmets. Present the spears and put on your breastplates.
The equipment list heightens the war scene and sets up the contrast between impressive readiness and coming collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐπισάξατεharnessVA AAD2P · σάττω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσάττω + ἐπι: meaning 'harness'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππουςhorseN2 APM · ἵπποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπίβητεmountVD APD2P · βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'mount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱππεῖςippeysN3V NPM · ἱππεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱππεύς: meaning 'ippeys'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατάστητεstandVH AAD2P · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περικεφαλαίαιςhelmetsN1A DPF · περικεφαλαίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπερικεφαλαία: meaning 'helmets'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προβάλετεpresentVB AAD2P · βάλλω + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβάλλω + προ: meaning 'present'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόραταspearsN3 APN · δόρυaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόρυ: meaning 'spears'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνδύσασθεput onVA AMD2P · δύω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateδύω + ἐν: meaning 'put on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θώρακαςbreastplatesN3K APM · θώραξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθώραξ: meaning 'breastplates'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
τί ὅτι αὐτοὶ πτοοῦνται καὶ ἀποχωροῦσιν ὀπίσω διότι οἱ ἰσχυροὶ αὐτῶν κοπήσονται φυγῇ ἔφυγον καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψαν περιεχόμενοι κυκλόθεν λέγει κύριος
Why is it that they are terrified and retreat backward? Because their mighty men are cut down; in flight they fled and did not turn back, hemmed in from every side, says the Lord.
A rhetorical question flips the battle scene from confidence to panic as the Lord explains the backward rush.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πτοοῦνταιthey are terrifiedV2 PMI3P · πτοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπτοέω: meaning 'they are terrified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποχωροῦσινthey retreatV2 PAI3P · χωρέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processχωρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'they retreat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀπίσωafter / behindD · ὀπίσωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὀπίσω: meaning 'after'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχυροὶmightyA1A NPM · ἰσχυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κοπήσονταιthey are cut downVD FPI3P · κόπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκόπτω: meaning 'they are cut down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυγῇin flightN1 DSF · φυγήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceφυγή: meaning 'in flight'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔφυγονfledVBI AAI3P · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφεύγω: meaning 'fled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστρεψανἀναVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
περιεχόμενοιhemmed inV1 · πμπνπμ ἔχω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἔχω + περι: meaning 'hemmed in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κυκλόθενall aroundD · κυκλόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'all around'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
6
μὴ φευγέτω ὁ κοῦφος καὶ μὴ ἀνασῳζέσθω ὁ ἰσχυρός ἐπὶ βορρᾶν τὰ παρὰ τὸν Εὐφράτην ἠσθένησαν πεπτώκασιν
Let not the swift flee, and let not the strong save himself; toward the north, by the Euphrates, they have weakened and fallen.
The line denies escape to both swift and strong, making the Euphrates battlefield a place of unavoidable ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φευγέτωlet ... fleeV1 PAD3S · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφεύγω: meaning 'let ... flee'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοῦφοςlightA1 NSM · κοῦφοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκοῦφος: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνασῳζέσθωlet ... save himselfV1 PMD3S · σώζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσώζω + ἀνα: meaning 'let ... save himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχυρόςmightyA1A NSM · ἰσχυρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶνnorthN1T ASM · βορέαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕὐφράτηνEuphratesN1M ASM · Εὐφράτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΕὐφράτην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἠσθένησανgrew faintVAI AAI3P · ἀσθενέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀσθενέω: meaning 'grew faint'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πεπτώκασινfellVX XAI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
τίς οὗτος ὡς ποταμὸς ἀναβήσεται καὶ ὡς ποταμοὶ κυμαίνουσιν ὕδωρ
Who is this that will rise like a river, and whose waters surge like streams?
Egypt's swelling movement is introduced through river imagery that invites the reader to hear proud advance before the boast itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὗτος: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμὸςriverN2 NSM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀναβήσεταιgo upVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμοὶriverN2 NPM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυμαίνουσινsurgeV1 PAI3P · κυμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκυμαίνω: meaning 'surge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
8
ὕδατα Αἰγύπτου ὡσεὶ ποταμὸς ἀναβήσεται καὶ εἶπεν ἀναβήσομαι καὶ κατακαλύψω γῆν καὶ ἀπολῶ κατοικοῦντας ἐν αὐτῇ
The waters of Egypt shall rise like a river, and he said, I will rise and cover the earth, and I will destroy those dwelling in it.
Egypt speaks like a flood covering the land, exposing the expansive ambition that the oracle is about to overturn.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὕδαταwatersN3T APN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡσεὶaboutD · ὡσείadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'about'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμὸςriverN2 NSM · ποταμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀναβήσεταιgo upVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀναβήσομαιI will ascendVF FMI1S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'I will ascend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακαλύψωI will cover overVF FAI1S · καλύπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλύπτω + κατα: meaning 'I will cover over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπολῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'I will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
ἐπίβητε ἐπὶ τοὺς ἵππους παρασκευάσατε τὰ ἅρματα ἐξέλθατε οἱ μαχηταὶ Αἰθιόπων καὶ Λίβυες καθωπλισμένοι ὅπλοις καὶ Λυδοί ἀνάβητε ἐντείνατε τόξον
Mount the horses, prepare the chariots, go out, O warriors of the Ethiopians and Libyans armed with weapons, and O Lydians, come up and bend the bow.
Allied forces are summoned into the boastful war machine, widening the scope of the coming humiliation.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐπίβητεmountVD APD2P · βαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'mount'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππουςhorseN2 APM · ἵπποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παρασκευάσατεprepareVA AAD2P · σκευάζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσκευάζω + παρα: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρματαchariotN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξέλθατεgo outVB AAD2P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαχηταὶwarriorN1M NPM · μαχητήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαχητής: meaning 'warrior'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑἰθιόπωνEthiopiansN3P GPM · Αἰθίοψgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰθιόπων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΛίβυεςLibyansN GPM · Λίβευςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΛίβυες: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καθωπλισμένοιarmedVT · χμπνπμ ὁπλίζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπμ ὁπλίζω + κατα: meaning 'armed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅπλοιςweaponsN2N DPN · ὅπλονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὅπλον: meaning 'weapons'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΛυδοίLydiansN2 NPM · Λυδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΛυδοί: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνάβητεcome upVZ AAD2P · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'come up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντείνατεbendVA AAD2P · τείνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτείνω + ἐν: meaning 'bend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τόξονbowN2N ASN · τόξονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
καὶ ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνη κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν ἡμέρα ἐκδικήσεως τοῦ ἐκδικῆσαι τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ καταφάγεται ἡ μάχαιρα κυρίου καὶ ἐμπλησθήσεται καὶ μεθυσθήσεται ἀπὸ τοῦ αἵματος αὐτῶν ὅτι θυσία τῷ κυρίῳ σαβαωθ ἀπὸ γῆς βορρᾶ ἐπὶ ποταμῷ Εὐφράτῃ
And that day is for the Lord our God, a day of vengeance, to avenge himself on his enemies, and the sword of the Lord shall devour and be filled and be drunk with their blood, because there is a sacrifice for the Lord Sabaoth from the land of the north by the river Euphrates.
The prophet names the clash as the Lord's own day of vengeance and sacrificial slaughter at the Euphrates.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκείνηthatRD NSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐκείνη: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκδικήσεωςof vengeanceN3I GSF · ἐκδίκησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'of vengeance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδικῆσαιἐκVA AAN · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςenemiesN2 APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταφάγεταιdevourVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'devour'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάχαιραswordN1A NSF · μάχαιραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλησθήσεταιwill be filledVS FPI3S · πίμπλημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίμπλημι + ἐν: meaning 'will be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθυσθήσεταιwill be made drunkVS FPI3S · μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμεθύω: meaning 'will be made drunk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἵματοςbloodN3M GSN · αἷμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἷμα: meaning 'blood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυσίαsacrificeN1A NSF · θυσίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σαβαωθSabaothN GPM · σαβαωθadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσαβαωθ: meaning 'Sabaoth'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ποταμῷa riverN2 DSM · ποταμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceποταμός: meaning 'a river'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΕὐφράτῃEuphratesN1M DSM · Εὐφράτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΕὐφράτῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
11
ἀνάβηθι Γαλααδ καὶ λαβὲ ῥητίνην τῇ παρθένῳ θυγατρὶ Αἰγύπτου εἰς κενὸν ἐπλήθυνας ἰάματά σου ὠφέλεια οὐκ ἔστιν σοί
Go up to Gilead and take balm, O virgin daughter of Egypt; in vain you have multiplied your remedies; there is no healing for you.
Egypt is told to seek balm, but the address is taunting because no remedy can reverse the judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἀνάβηθιgo upVZ AAD2S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΓαλααδGileadN VS · Γαλαάδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΓαλααδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβὲtakeVB AAD2S · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥητίνηνresinN1 ASF · ῥητίνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥητίνη: meaning 'resin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρθένῳvirginN2 DSF · παρθένοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαρθένος: meaning 'virgin'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θυγατρὶthygatriN3 DSF · θυγάτηρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'thygatri'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κενὸνkenosA1 ASM · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκενός: meaning 'kenos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπλήθυναςplethynoVAI AAI2S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληθύνω: meaning 'plethyno'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἰάματάhealingsN3M APN · ἴαμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἴαμα: meaning 'healings'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὠφέλειαprofitN1A NSF · ὠφέλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὠφέλεια: meaning 'profit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
ἤκουσαν ἔθνη φωνήν σου καὶ τῆς κραυγῆς σου ἐπλήσθη ἡ γῆ ὅτι μαχητὴς πρὸς μαχητὴν ἠσθένησεν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἔπεσαν ἀμφότεροι
Nations heard your voice, and the earth was filled with your cry, because warrior stumbled against warrior; together they both fell.
The defeat becomes internationally audible as Egypt's cry fills the earth and its fighters collapse together.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἤκουσανhearVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
φωνήνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κραυγῆςoutcryN1 GSF · κραυγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκραυγή: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπλήσθηwas fulfilledVSI API3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'was fulfilled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μαχητὴςwarriorN1M NSM · μαχητήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαχητής: meaning 'warrior'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μαχητὴνwarriorN1M ASM · μαχητήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμαχητής: meaning 'warrior'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἠσθένησενgrew weakVAI AAI3S · ἀσθενέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀσθενέω: meaning 'grew weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔπεσανfellVAI AAI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀμφότεροιbothA1A NPM · ἀμφότεροιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμφότεροι: meaning 'both'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
13
ἃ ἐλάλησεν κύριος ἐν χειρὶ Ιερεμιου τοῦ ἐλθεῖν Ναβουχοδονοσορ τὸν βασιλέα Βαβυλῶνος τοῦ κόψαι τὴν γῆν Αἰγύπτου
What the Lord spoke by the hand of Jeremiah concerning the coming of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon to strike the land of Egypt.
A fresh heading links the next movement specifically to Nebuchadnezzar's invasion of Egypt itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
Ιερεμιουof JeremiahN1T GSM · Ἰερεμίαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΙερεμιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN ASM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόψαιto strikeVA AAN · κόπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκόπτω: meaning 'to strike'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
14
ἀναγγείλατε εἰς Μάγδωλον καὶ παραγγείλατε εἰς Μέμφιν εἴπατε ἐπίστηθι καὶ ἑτοίμασον ὅτι κατέφαγεν μάχαιρα τὴν σμίλακά σου
Declare in Migdol and proclaim in Memphis; say, Take your stand and prepare yourself, because the sword has devoured your choice things.
Messages sent through Egyptian cities turn the oracle into a mobilization notice that already assumes the sword's arrival.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀναγγείλατεproclaimVA AAD2P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΜάγδωλονMigdolN ASM · Μάγδωλοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜάγδωλον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παραγγείλατεproclaimVA AAD2P · ἀγγέλλω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + παρα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΜέμφινMemphisN AS · Μέμφιςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜέμφιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἴπατεsayVAI AAD2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπίστηθιtake your standVD APD2S · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'take your stand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑτοίμασονprepareVA AAD2S · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέφαγενconsumeVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'consume'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μάχαιραswordN1A NSF · μάχαιραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σμίλακάchoice thingsN3K ASF · σμίλαξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσμίλαξ: meaning 'choice things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
διὰ τί ἔφυγεν ὁ Ἆπις ὁ μόσχος ὁ ἐκλεκτός σου οὐκ ἔμεινεν ὅτι κύριος παρέλυσεν αὐτόν
Why has Apis, your chosen calf, fled? He did not stand, because the Lord weakened him.
Even Apis, emblem of Egyptian sacred strength, cannot stand when the Lord himself disables him.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔφυγενfledVBI AAI3S · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφεύγω: meaning 'fled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἎπιςApisN NSM · Ἆπιςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationἎπις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχοςcalfN2 NSM · μόσχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόσχος: meaning 'calf'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκλεκτόςchosenA1 NSM · ἐκλεκτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκλεκτός: meaning 'chosen'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔμεινενremainedVAI AAI3S · μένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμένω: meaning 'remained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παρέλυσενdisableVAI AAI3S · λύω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλύω + παρα: meaning 'disable'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
καὶ τὸ πλῆθός σου ἠσθένησεν καὶ ἔπεσεν καὶ ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ ἐλάλει ἀναστῶμεν καὶ ἀναστρέψωμεν πρὸς τὸν λαὸν ἡμῶν εἰς τὴν πατρίδα ἡμῶν ἀπὸ προσώπου μαχαίρας Ἑλληνικῆς
And your multitude weakened and fell, and each one kept saying to his neighbor, Let us rise and return to our people and to our homeland from before the Greek sword.
The multitude and hired soldiers lose heart and speak only of retreat to their homelands.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθόςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠσθένησενgrew weakVAI AAI3S · ἀσθενέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀσθενέω: meaning 'grew weak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπεσενfellVAI AAI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλειwas speakingV2I IAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλαλέω: meaning 'was speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀναστῶμενlet us riseVH AAS1P · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'let us rise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστρέψωμενlet us returnVA AAS1P · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'let us return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατρίδαhomelandN3D ASF · πατρίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπατρίς: meaning 'homeland'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μαχαίραςswordN1 APF · μάχαιραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἙλληνικῆςGreekA1 GSF · Ἑλληνικόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἙλληνικός: meaning 'Greek'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
17
καλέσατε τὸ ὄνομα Φαραω Νεχαω βασιλέως Αἰγύπτου Σαων-εσβι-εμωηδ
Call the name of Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt: Saon-esbi-emoēd.
Pharaoh receives a mocking name, signaling exposed pretension and failed opportunity.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καλέσατεcallVA AAD2P · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΦαραωPharaohN GSM · Φαραώnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ΝεχαωNecoN GSM · Νεχαωnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝεχαω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
Σαων-εσβι-εμωηδSaon-esbi-emoēdN NSM · Σαων-εσβι-εμωηδnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαων-εσβι-εμωηδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
18
ζῶ ἐγώ λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός ὅτι ὡς τὸ Ἰταβύριον ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσιν καὶ ὡς ὁ Κάρμηλος ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἥξει
As I live, says the Lord God, surely as Tabor among the mountains and as Carmel by the sea, so he shall come.
The Lord swears that the conqueror's coming is as certain and imposing as Tabor and Carmel.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ζῶI liveV3 PAI1S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processζάω: meaning 'I live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἸταβύριονTaborN2N NSN · Ἰταβύριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationἸταβύριον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρεσινmountainsN3E DPN · ὄροςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚάρμηλοςCarmelN2 NSM · Κάρμηλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΚάρμηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσῃseaN1S DSF · θάλασσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
σκεύη ἀποικισμοῦ ποίησον σεαυτῇ κατοικοῦσα θύγατερ Αἰγύπτου ὅτι Μέμφις εἰς ἀφανισμὸν ἔσται καὶ κληθήσεται οὐαὶ διὰ τὸ μὴ ὑπάρχειν κατοικοῦντας ἐν αὐτῇ
Prepare baggage for exile for yourself, O daughter dwelling in Egypt, because Memphis shall become a desolation and shall be called Woe, for there are no inhabitants in it.
Egypt is told to pack for deportation because Memphis is destined for emptiness and lament.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
σκεύηimplementsN3E APN · σκεῦοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀποικισμοῦexileN2 GSM · ἀποικισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀποικισμός: meaning 'exile'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ποίησονdoVA AAD2S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτῇyourselfRD DSF · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῇ: meaning 'yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατοικοῦσαdwellingV2 · παπVσφ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπVσφ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θύγατερdaughterN3 VSF · θυγάτηρvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜέμφιςMemphisN NS · Μέμφιςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΜέμφις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληθήσεταιcallVC FPI3S · καλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαὶ: meaning 'woe'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπάρχειναρχω + υποV1 PAN · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'αρχω + υπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
δάμαλις κεκαλλωπισμένη Αἴγυπτος ἀπόσπασμα ἀπὸ βορρᾶ ἦλθεν ἐπ' αὐτήν
Egypt is a beautifully adorned heifer; a gadfly from the north has come upon her.
The beautiful heifer image is immediately punctured by the northern stinging attack.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
δάμαλιςheiferN3I NSF · δάμαλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδάμαλις: meaning 'heifer'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κεκαλλωπισμένηbeautifully adornedVT · χμπνσφ καλλωπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνσφ καλλωπίζω: meaning 'beautifully adorned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
Αἴγυπτοςof EgyptN2 NSF · Αἴγυπτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπόσπασμαformN3M NSN · ἀπόσπασμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀπόσπασμα: meaning 'form'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
καὶ οἱ μισθωτοὶ αὐτῆς ἐν αὐτῇ ὥσπερ μόσχοι σιτευτοὶ τρεφόμενοι ἐν αὐτῇ διότι καὶ αὐτοὶ ἀπεστράφησαν καὶ ἔφυγον ὁμοθυμαδόν οὐκ ἔστησαν ὅτι ἡμέρα ἀπωλείας ἦλθεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς καὶ καιρὸς ἐκδικήσεως αὐτῶν
And her hired men within her are like fattened calves fed within her, because they too turned back and fled together; they did not stand, because the day of their destruction came upon them, the time of their vengeance.
Egypt's mercenaries are pictured as pampered calves that flee together when judgment arrives.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισθωτοὶhirelingsA1 NPM · μισθωτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμισθωτός: meaning 'hirelings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὥσπερjust asD · ὥσπερadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὥσπερ: meaning 'just as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μόσχοιof the bullsN2 NPM · μόσχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόσχος: meaning 'of the bulls'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σιτευτοὶfattenedA1 NPM · σιτευτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσιτευτός: meaning 'fattened'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τρεφόμενοιfedV1 · πμπνπμ τρέφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ τρέφω: meaning 'fed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπεστράφησανthey turned backVDI API3P · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'they turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφυγονfledVBI AAI3P · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφεύγω: meaning 'fled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁμοθυμαδόνall togetherD · ὁμοθυμαδόνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοθυμαδόν: meaning 'all together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστησανstoodVAI AAI3P · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'stood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπωλείαςdestructionN1A GSF · ἀπώλειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καιρὸςseasonN2 NSM · καιρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαιρός: meaning 'season'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκδικήσεωςof vengeanceN3I GSF · ἐκδίκησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'of vengeance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
φωνὴ ὡς ὄφεως συρίζοντος ὅτι ἐν ἄμμῳ πορεύσονται ἐν ἀξίναις ἥξουσιν ἐπ' αὐτὴν ὡς κόπτοντες ξύλα
Her voice is like that of a hissing serpent, because they shall go with sand; with axes they shall come against her like men cutting wood.
The invaders move with serpent-sound and axe-work, portraying stealthy advance joined to destructive force.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄφεωςof a serpentN3I GSM · ὄφιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄφις: meaning 'of a serpent'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συρίζοντοςhissingV1 · παπγσμ συρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ συρίζω: meaning 'hissing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄμμῳsandN2 DSF · ἄμμοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄμμος: meaning 'sand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πορεύσονταιporeyomaiVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀξίναιςwith axesN1 DPF · ἀξίνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀξίνη: meaning 'with axes'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἥξουσινshall comeVF FAI3P · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'shall come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κόπτοντεςcuttingV1 · παπνπμ κόπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ κόπτω: meaning 'cutting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ξύλαtimber / woodN2N APN · ξύλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationξύλον: meaning 'timber'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
ἐκκόψουσιν τὸν δρυμὸν αὐτῆς λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός ὅτι οὐ μὴ εἰκασθῇ ὅτι πληθύνει ὑπὲρ ἀκρίδα καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτοῖς ἀριθμός
They shall cut down her forest, says the Lord God, because it cannot be estimated; for they are more numerous than locusts, and there is no number for them.
Egypt's seemingly uncountable strength is felled like a forest before an even larger multitude.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐκκόψουσινthey shall cut downVF FAI3P · κόπτω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκόπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'they shall cut down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δρυμὸνforestN2 ASM · δρυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδρυμός: meaning 'forest'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰκασθῇbe estimatedVC APS3S · εἰκάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεἰκάζω: meaning 'be estimated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληθύνειπληθύνειV1 PAI3S · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπληθύνω: meaning 'πληθύνει'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀκρίδαlocustN3D ASF · ἀκρίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀκρίς: meaning 'locust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀριθμόςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
24
κατῃσχύνθη θυγάτηρ Αἰγύπτου παρεδόθη εἰς χεῖρας λαοῦ ἀπὸ βορρᾶ
The daughter of Egypt has been put to shame; she was delivered into the hands of a people from the north.
The oracle condenses the outcome into humiliation and northern capture.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
κατῃσχύνθηwas put to shameVCI API3S · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'was put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3 NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παρεδόθηδίδωμι + παραVCI API3S · δίδωμι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'δίδωμι + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
25
ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐκδικῶ τὸν Αμων τὸν υἱὸν αὐτῆς ἐπὶ Φαραω καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς πεποιθότας ἐπ' αὐτῷ
Behold, I am avenging Amon her son, and Pharaoh, and those who trust in him.
The Lord names Pharaoh, Amon, and their dependents together as the objects of his avenging visitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκδικῶI am avengingVF PAI1S · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I am avenging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμωνAmonN ASM · Αμωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΦαραωPharaohN ASM · Φαραώnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΦαραω: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεποιθόταςconfidentVX · χαπαπμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπαπμ πείθω: meaning 'confident'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
27
σὺ δὲ μὴ φοβηθῇς δοῦλός μου Ιακωβ μηδὲ πτοηθῇς Ισραηλ διότι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ σῴζων σε μακρόθεν καὶ τὸ σπέρμα σου ἐκ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας αὐτῶν καὶ ἀναστρέψει Ιακωβ καὶ ἡσυχάσει καὶ ὑπνώσει καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ παρενοχλῶν αὐτόν
But you, do not fear, my servant Jacob, and do not be dismayed, Israel, because behold, I am saving you from afar, and your seed from their captivity; and Jacob shall return and be at rest and sleep, and there shall be no one frightening him.
The unit pivots sharply from judgment on Egypt to reassurance for Jacob that distance and captivity will not cancel salvation.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβηθῇςyou should fearVC APS2S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφοβέω: meaning 'you should fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δοῦλόςservantN2 NSM · δοῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙακωβJacobN VSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πτοηθῇςbe dismayedVC APS2S · πτοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπτοέω: meaning 'be dismayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN VSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σῴζωνsavingV1 · παπνσμ σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ σώζω: meaning 'saving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μακρόθενfrom afarD · μακρόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρόθεν: meaning 'from afar'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityN1A GSF · αἰχμαλωσίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστρέψειshall returnVF FAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'shall return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙακωβJacobN NSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡσυχάσειwill restVF FAI3S · ἡσυχάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἡσυχάζω: meaning 'will rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπνώσειwill sleepVF FAI3S · ὑπνόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑπνόω: meaning 'will sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρενοχλῶνfrighteningV2 · παπνσμ ὀχλέω + παρα + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὀχλέω + παρα + ἐν: meaning 'frightening'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
28
μὴ φοβοῦ παῖς μου Ιακωβ λέγει κύριος ὅτι μετὰ σοῦ ἐγώ εἰμι ὅτι ποιήσω συντέλειαν ἐν παντὶ ἔθνει εἰς οὓς ἐξῶσά σε ἐκεῖ σὲ δὲ οὐ μὴ ποιήσω ἐκλιπεῖν καὶ παιδεύσω σε εἰς κρίμα καὶ ἀθῷον οὐκ ἀθῳώσω σε
Do not fear, my child Jacob, says the Lord, because I am with you. For I will make an end among every nation into which I have driven you, but I will not make an end of you; I will discipline you with justice, yet I will by no means leave you unpunished.
Israel is distinguished from the nations: full destruction falls on them, but Jacob receives covenantal correction without annihilation.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβοῦfearV2 PMD2S · φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παῖςservantN3D NSM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙακωβJacobN VSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συντέλειανcompletionN1A ASF · συντέλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'completion'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὶall / everyA3 DSN · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔθνειnationN3E DSN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὓςwho / whomRR APM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceοὓς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξῶσάI drove outVA AAI1S · ὠθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὠθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I drove out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκλιπεῖνto make failVB AAN · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'to make fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδεύσωI will disciplineVF FAI1S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαιδεύω: meaning 'I will discipline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀθῷονinnocentA1 ASM · ἀθῷοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀθῷος: meaning 'innocent'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀθῳώσωI will leave unpunishedVF FAI1S · ἀθῳόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀθῳόω: meaning 'I will leave unpunished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.