1
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐξεγείρω ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Χαλδαίους ἄνεμον καύσωνα διαφθείροντα
Thus says the Lord: Behold, I am stirring up against Babylon and against the inhabitants of Chaldea a scorching wind that destroys.
Opens by announcing that the Lord himself is stirring up the destructive force against Babylon.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξεγείρωam rousingV1 PAI1S · ἐγείρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'am rousing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΧαλδαίουςChaldeansN2 APM · Χαλδαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΧαλδαίους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄνεμονwindN2 ASM · ἄνεμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνεμος: meaning 'wind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καύσωναscorching east windN3W ASM · καύσωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαύσων: meaning 'scorching east wind'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διαφθείρονταdestroyingV1 · παπασμ φθείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ φθείρω + δια: meaning 'destroying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
2
καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ὑβριστάς καὶ καθυβρίσουσιν αὐτὴν καὶ λυμανοῦνται τὴν γῆν αὐτῆς οὐαὶ ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα κυκλόθεν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κακώσεως αὐτῆς
And I will send arrogant ravagers into Babylon, and they shall insult her and lay waste her land. Woe to Babylon on every side in the day of her affliction.
The invading agents are described as arrogant devastators who will waste Babylon from every side.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαποστελῶsend outVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑβριστάςarrogant ravagersN1 APM · ὑβριστήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑβριστής: meaning 'arrogant ravagers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθυβρίσουσινthey will insultVF FAI3P · ὑβρίζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὑβρίζω + κατα: meaning 'they will insult'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λυμανοῦνταιthey will lay wasteV1 PMI3P · λυμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλυμαίνω: meaning 'they will lay waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαὶ: meaning 'woe'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυκλόθενall aroundD · κυκλόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκυκλόθεν: meaning 'all around'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κακώσεωςafflictionN3I GSF · κάκωσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκάκωσις: meaning 'affliction'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ἐπ' αὐτὴν τεινέτω ὁ τείνων τὸ τόξον αὐτοῦ καὶ περιθέσθω ᾧ ἐστιν ὅπλα αὐτῷ καὶ μὴ φείσησθε ἐπὶ νεανίσκους αὐτῆς καὶ ἀφανίσατε πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῆς
Against her let the archer bend his bow, and let the man with armor put it on; do not spare her young men, and destroy all her host.
Military imperatives summon a full assault with no pity for Babylon’s fighting strength.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τεινέτωlet him bendV1 PAD3S · τείνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτείνω: meaning 'let him bend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείνωνbendingV1 · παπνσμ τείνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ τείνω: meaning 'bending'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόξονbowN2N ASN · τόξονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιθέσθωlet him put onVE AMD3S · τίθημι + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτίθημι + περι: meaning 'let him put on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅπλαweaponsN2N NPN · ὅπλονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὅπλον: meaning 'weapons'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φείσησθεspareVA AMS2P · φείδομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyφείδομαι: meaning 'spare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νεανίσκουςyoung menN2 APM · νεανίσκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφανίσατεdestroyVA AAD2P · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
καὶ πεσοῦνται τραυματίαι ἐν γῇ Χαλδαίων καὶ κατακεκεντημένοι ἔξωθεν αὐτῆς
And the slain shall fall in the land of the Chaldeans, pierced through in her open places.
The immediate effect of the attack is pictured in the bodies of the pierced lying across Chaldea.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσοῦνταιfellVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΧαλδαίωνChaldeansN2 GPM · Χαλδαῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΧαλδαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακεκεντημένοιpierced throughVX · χππνπμ κεντέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνπμ κεντέω + κατα: meaning 'pierced through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔξωθενoutsideD · ἔξωθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξωθεν: meaning 'outside'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
διότι οὐκ ἐχήρευσεν Ισραηλ καὶ Ιουδας ἀπὸ θεοῦ αὐτῶν ἀπὸ κυρίου παντοκράτορος ὅτι ἡ γῆ αὐτῶν ἐπλήσθη ἀδικίας ἀπὸ τῶν ἁγίων Ισραηλ
For Israel and Judah have not been widowed from their God, from the Lord Almighty, though their land was filled with injustice against the Holy One of Israel.
Even after judgment, Israel and Judah are not abandoned by their God despite the guilt in their land.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχήρευσενhas been widowedVAI AAI3S · χηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχηρεύω: meaning 'has been widowed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδαςJudasN1T NSM · Ἰούδαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΙουδας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
παντοκράτοροςAlmightyN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπλήσθηwas fulfilledVSI API3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'was fulfilled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀδικίαςinjusticeN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνof holy thingsA1A GPM · ἅγιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'of holy things'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
6
φεύγετε ἐκ μέσου Βαβυλῶνος καὶ ἀνασῴζετε ἕκαστος τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ μὴ ἀπορριφῆτε ἐν τῇ ἀδικίᾳ αὐτῆς ὅτι καιρὸς ἐκδικήσεως αὐτῆς ἐστιν παρὰ κυρίου ἀνταπόδομα αὐτὸς ἀνταποδίδωσιν αὐτῇ
Flee from the midst of Babylon, and let each one save his own life; do not be swept away in her injustice, for it is the time of her vengeance from the Lord. He himself is repaying her.
Because Babylon’s day of recompense has come, those inside are urged to flee and preserve life.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
φεύγετεfleeV1 PAI2P · φεύγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφεύγω: meaning 'flee'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσουthe midstA1 GSM · μέσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμέσος: meaning 'the midst'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνασῴζετεsaveV1 PAI2P · σώζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσώζω + ἀνα: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπορριφῆτεbe swept awayVD APS2P · ῥίπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyῥίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'be swept away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικίᾳαδικιαN1A DSF · ἀδικίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδικία: meaning 'αδικια'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καιρὸςseasonN2 NSM · καιρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαιρός: meaning 'season'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκδικήσεωςof vengeanceN3I GSF · ἐκδίκησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'of vengeance'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνταπόδομαrepaymentN3M NSN · ἀνταπόδομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνταπόδομα: meaning 'repayment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνταποδίδωσινrepaysV8 PAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'repays'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
ποτήριον χρυσοῦν Βαβυλὼν ἐν χειρὶ κυρίου μεθύσκον πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴνου αὐτῆς ἐπίοσαν ἔθνη διὰ τοῦτο ἐσαλεύθησαν
Babylon was a golden cup in the hand of the Lord, making all the earth drunk. Nations drank from her wine; therefore they were shaken.
Babylon is portrayed as the Lord’s golden cup whose intoxication destabilized the nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ποτήριονcupN2N NSN · ποτήριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceποτήριον: meaning 'cup'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρυσοῦνgoldenA1C NSN · χρυσοῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσοῦς: meaning 'golden'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonN3W NSF · Βαβυλώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΒαβυλὼν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεθύσκονmaking drunkV1 · παπασν μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασν μεθύω: meaning 'making drunk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπίοσανdrinkVBI AAI3P · πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐσαλεύθησανreeledVCI API3P · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'reeled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
καὶ ἄφνω ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν καὶ συνετρίβη θρηνεῖτε αὐτήν λάβετε ῥητίνην τῇ διαφθορᾷ αὐτῆς εἴ πως ἰαθήσεται
Suddenly Babylon has fallen and been shattered. Lament for her; take resin for her ruin, if perhaps she may be healed.
Her collapse is sudden enough to evoke mourning and a futile search for medicine.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφνωsuddenlyD · ἄφνωadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἄφνω: meaning 'suddenly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπεσενfellVAI AAI3S · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonN3W NSF · Βαβυλώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΒαβυλὼν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετρίβηwas crushedVDI API3S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θρηνεῖτεlamentV2 PAI2P · θρηνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθρηνέω: meaning 'lament'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λάβετεtakeVB AAD2P · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥητίνηνresinN1 ASF · ῥητίνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥητίνη: meaning 'resin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαφθορᾷdestructionN1A DSF · διαφθοράdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδιαφθορά: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἴifC · εἰconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πωςsomehowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπως: meaning 'somehow'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰαθήσεταιwill be healedVC FPI3S · ἰάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἰάομαι: meaning 'will be healed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
ἰατρεύσαμεν τὴν Βαβυλῶνα καὶ οὐκ ἰάθη ἐγκαταλίπωμεν αὐτὴν καὶ ἀπέλθωμεν ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν γῆν αὐτοῦ ὅτι ἤγγισεν εἰς οὐρανὸν τὸ κρίμα αὐτῆς ἐξῆρεν ἕως τῶν ἄστρων
We tried to heal Babylon, and she was not healed. Let us abandon her and let each go to his own land, for her judgment has reached to heaven and been lifted up to the stars.
Observers admit that Babylon cannot be healed because her judgment has mounted to heaven itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἰατρεύσαμενwe healedVAI AAI1P · ἰατρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἰατρεύω: meaning 'we healed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰάθηwas healedVCI API3S · ἰάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἰάομαι: meaning 'was healed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγκαταλίπωμενthey forsookVB AAS1P · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'they forsook'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέλθωμενlet us go awayVB AAS1P · ἔρχομαι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'let us go away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγγισενcame nearVAI AAI3S · ἐγγίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐγγίζω: meaning 'came near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐρανὸνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξῆρενremove / drive outVAI AAI3S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄστρωνstarN2N GPN · ἄστρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄστρον: meaning 'star'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
10
ἐξήνεγκεν κύριος τὸ κρίμα αὐτοῦ δεῦτε καὶ ἀναγγείλωμεν εἰς Σιων τὰ ἔργα κυρίου θεοῦ ἡμῶν
The Lord has brought forth his judgment. Come, let us declare in Zion the works of the Lord our God.
The community responds by calling Zion to hear the public declaration of the Lord’s vindication.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐξήνεγκενbrought outVAI AAI3S · φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δεῦτεcomeD · δεῦτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδεῦτε: meaning 'come'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγείλωμενlet us declareVA AAS1P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'let us declare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
παρασκευάζετε τὰ τοξεύματα πληροῦτε τὰς φαρέτρας ἤγειρεν κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα βασιλέως Μήδων ὅτι εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ἡ ὀργὴ αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐξολεθρεῦσαι αὐτήν ὅτι ἐκδίκησις κυρίου ἐστίν ἐκδίκησις λαοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν
Prepare the arrows; fill the quivers. The Lord has stirred up the spirit of the king of the Medes, because his anger is against Babylon to destroy her, because it is the Lord’s vengeance, vengeance for his people.
The Medes are armed because Babylon’s fall is explicitly framed as vengeance for the Lord’s people.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
παρασκευάζετεprepareV1 PAI2P · σκευάζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκευάζω + παρα: meaning 'prepare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοξεύματαarrowsN3M APN · τόξευμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόξευμα: meaning 'arrows'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πληροῦτεfillV4 PAI2P · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπληρόω: meaning 'fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φαρέτραςquiverN1A APF · φαρέτραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφαρέτρα: meaning 'quiver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἤγειρενraised upV1I IAI3S · ἀγείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀγείρω: meaning 'raised up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΜήδωνMedesN2 GPM · Μῆδοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΜήδων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργὴwrathN1 NSF · ὀργήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξολεθρεῦσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδίκησιςvengeanceN3I NSF · ἐκδίκησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐστίνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκδίκησιςvengeanceN3I NSF · ἐκδίκησιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐκδίκησις: meaning 'vengeance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
12
ἐπὶ τειχέων Βαβυλῶνος ἄρατε σημεῖον ἐπιστήσατε φαρέτρας ἐγείρατε φυλακάς ἑτοιμάσατε ὅπλα ὅτι ἐνεχείρησεν καὶ ποιήσει κύριος ἃ ἐλάλησεν ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Βαβυλῶνα
Lift up a signal on the walls of Babylon, set quivers in place, rouse the guards, prepare the weapons, because the Lord has undertaken and will do what he spoke against the inhabitants of Babylon.
Siege preparations continue, stressing that the Lord will carry out every word spoken against the city.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τειχέωνwallN3E GPN · τεῖχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἄρατεcarry off / take upVA AAD2P · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἴρω: meaning 'carry off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σημεῖονsignN2 ASN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'sign'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπιστήσατεset in placeVA AAD2P · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'set in place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φαρέτραςquiverN1A APF · φαρέτραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφαρέτρα: meaning 'quiver'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐγείρατεrouseVA AAD2P · ἐγείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐγείρω: meaning 'rouse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φυλακάςchargesN1 APF · φυλακήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφυλακή: meaning 'charges'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἑτοιμάσατεmake ready / prepareVA AAD2P · ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'make ready'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅπλαweaponsN2N APN · ὅπλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅπλον: meaning 'weapons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεχείρησενχειρέωVAI AAI3S · χειρέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχειρέω + ἐν: meaning 'χειρέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειwill makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
κατασκηνοῦντας ἐφ' ὕδασι πολλοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ πλήθει θησαυρῶν αὐτῆς ἥκει τὸ πέρας σου ἀληθῶς εἰς τὰ σπλάγχα σου
You who dwell on many waters and over an abundance of treasures, your end has come, truly the measure of your greed has reached its limit.
The wealthy water-ringed city is directly addressed as having reached its appointed end.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
κατασκηνοῦνταςdwellingV4 · παπαπμ σκηνόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ σκηνόω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὕδασιὕδωρN3T DPN · ὕδωρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πολλοῖςmanyA1 DPN · πολύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πλήθειmultitudeN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θησαυρῶνthesaurosN2 GPM · θησαυρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἥκειarriveV1 PAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥκω: meaning 'arrive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέραςendN3T NSN · πέραςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπέρας: meaning 'end'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀληθῶςtrulyD · ἀληθῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀληθῶς: meaning 'truly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπλάγχαinward partsN2N APN · σπλάγχνονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσπλάγχνον: meaning 'inward parts'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
14
ὅτι ὤμοσεν κύριος κατὰ τοῦ βραχίονος αὐτοῦ διότι πληρώσω σε ἀνθρώπων ὡσεὶ ἀκρίδων καὶ φθέγξονται ἐπὶ σὲ οἱ καταβαίνοντες
For the Lord has sworn by his arm: Surely I will fill you with men like locusts, and those descending upon you shall cry aloud over you.
The Lord seals the sentence with an oath that Babylon will be swarmed by invaders like locusts.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὤμοσενsworeVAI AAI3S · ὄμνυμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὄμνυμι: meaning 'swore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βραχίονοςarmN3N GSM · βραχίωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβραχίων: meaning 'arm'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πληρώσωI will fillVA AAS1S · πληρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπληρόω: meaning 'I will fill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡσεὶaboutD · ὡσείadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'about'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκρίδωνof locustsN3D GPF · ἀκρίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκρίς: meaning 'of locusts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φθέγξονταιwill utterVF FMI3P · φθέγγομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφθέγγομαι: meaning 'will utter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβαίνοντεςthose going downV1 · παπνπμ βαίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'those going down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
ποιῶν γῆν ἐν τῇ ἰσχύι αὐτοῦ ἑτοιμάζων οἰκουμένην ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ συνέσει αὐτοῦ ἐξέτεινεν τὸν οὐρανόν
He is the one who made the earth by his power, preparing the world by his wisdom; by his understanding he stretched out the heaven.
A creator hymn interrupts the war oracle to anchor the coming judgment in the Lord’s cosmic power.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ποιῶνdoing / workingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἑτοιμάζωνpreparingV1 · παπνσμ ἑτοιμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'preparing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἰκουμένηνinhabitV2 · πμπασφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπασφ οἰκέω: meaning 'inhabit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίᾳwisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνέσειin understandingN3I DSF · σύνεσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσύνεσις: meaning 'in understanding'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξέτεινενstretched outVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
16
εἰς φωνὴν ἔθετο ἦχος ὕδατος ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ ἀνήγαγεν νεφέλας ἀπ' ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς ἀστραπὰς εἰς ὑετὸν ἐποίησεν καὶ ἐξήγαγεν φῶς ἐκ θησαυρῶν αὐτοῦ
At his voice he made the sound of waters in the heaven, and he brought up clouds from the ends of the earth; he made lightning for rain and brought out light from his treasuries.
The same hymn expands into weather and treasury imagery to display the Lord’s sovereign command of creation.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἦχοςsoundN2 NSM · ἦχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἦχος: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὕδατοςwatersN3 GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανῷheavenN2 DSM · οὐρανόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήγαγενbrought upVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἀνα: meaning 'brought up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεφέλαςνεφέληN1 APF · νεφέληaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεφέλη: meaning 'νεφέλη'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτουthe endA1 GSM · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀστραπὰςἀστραπήN1 APF · ἀστραπήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀστραπή: meaning 'ἀστραπή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὑετὸνὑετόςN2 ASM · ὑετόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑετός: meaning 'ὑετός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήγαγενbrought outVBI AAI3S · ἄγω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄγω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φῶςlightN3T ASN · φῶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θησαυρῶνthesaurosN2 GPM · θησαυρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθησαυρός: meaning 'thesauros'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
ἐμωράνθη πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ἀπὸ γνώσεως κατῃσχύνθη πᾶς χρυσοχόος ἀπὸ τῶν γλυπτῶν αὐτοῦ ὅτι ψευδῆ ἐχώνευσαν οὐκ ἔστιν πνεῦμα ἐν αὐτοῖς
Every human was made foolish for lack of knowledge; every goldsmith was put to shame by his carved images, because what they cast is false, and there is no breath in them.
Human makers and their idols are exposed as shameful and breathless in contrast to the Creator.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐμωράνθηwas made foolishVCI API3S · μωραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμωραίνω: meaning 'was made foolish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γνώσεωςknowledgeN3I GSF · γνῶσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατῃσχύνθηwas put to shameVCI API3S · αἰσχύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰσχύνω + κατα: meaning 'was put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
χρυσοχόοςgoldsmithA1B NSM · χρυσοχόοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρυσοχόος: meaning 'goldsmith'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτῶνcarved imagesA1 GPM · γλυπτόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγλυπτός: meaning 'carved images'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψευδῆfalseA3H APN · ψευδήςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψευδής: meaning 'false'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐχώνευσανchoneyoVAI AAI3P · χωνεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristχωνεύω: meaning 'choneyo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
μάταιά ἐστιν ἔργα μεμωκημένα ἐν καιρῷ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν ἀπολοῦνται
They are vanity, mocked works; at the time of their visitation they shall perish.
The false gods are dismissed as vanities doomed to perish at visitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
μάταιάemptyA1A NPN · μάταιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάταιος: meaning 'empty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔργαworksN2N NPN · ἔργονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεμωκημέναmockedVM · χμπνπν μωκάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπνπν μωκάομαι: meaning 'mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐπισκέψεωςoversightN3I GSF · ἐπίσκεψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπίσκεψις: meaning 'oversight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπολοῦνταιperishVF2 FMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
19
οὐ τοιαύτη μερὶς τῷ Ιακωβ ὅτι ὁ πλάσας τὰ πάντα αὐτός ἐστιν κληρονομία αὐτοῦ κύριος ὄνομα αὐτῷ
The portion of Jacob is not like these, because he who formed all things is his inheritance; the Lord is his name.
Jacob’s portion is distinguished from idols because the Lord formed all things and belongs to his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοιαύτηsuchA1 NSF · τοιοῦτοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μερὶςportionN3D NSF · μερίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμερίς: meaning 'portion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙακωβIakobN DSM · Ἰακώβnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάσαςwho formedVA · ααπνσμ πλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ πλάσσω: meaning 'who formed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτόςhisRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτός: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κληρονομίαinheritanceN1A NSF · κληρονομίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
διασκορπίζεις σύ μοι σκεύη πολέμου καὶ διασκορπιῶ ἐν σοὶ ἔθνη καὶ ἐξαρῶ ἐκ σοῦ βασιλεῖς
You are for me weapons of war, and with you I will scatter nations, and with you I will remove kings.
The addressee is cast as the Lord’s war-weapon through whom nations and kings are shattered.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
διασκορπίζειςyou scatterV1 PAI2S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'you scatter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σύyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκεύηimplementsN3E APN · σκεῦοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπιῶskorpizo + diaVF2 FAI1S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'skorpizo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαρῶI will removeVF2 FAI1S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλεῖςkingN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
21
καὶ διασκορπιῶ ἐν σοὶ ἵππον καὶ ἀναβάτην αὐτοῦ καὶ διασκορπιῶ ἐν σοὶ ἅρματα καὶ ἀναβάτας αὐτῶν
And with you I will scatter horse and rider; with you I will scatter chariots and their riders.
The scattering extends to cavalry and chariots, stripping imperial war power away.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπιῶskorpizo + diaVF2 FAI1S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'skorpizo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵππονhorseN2 ASM · ἵπποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβάτηνriderN1M ASM · ἀναβάτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀναβάτης: meaning 'rider'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπιῶskorpizo + diaVF2 FAI1S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'skorpizo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἅρματαchariotN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβάταςἀναβάτηςN1M APM · ἀναβάτηςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀναβάτης: meaning 'ἀναβάτης'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
καὶ διασκορπιῶ ἐν σοὶ νεανίσκον καὶ παρθένον καὶ διασκορπιῶ ἐν σοὶ ἄνδρα καὶ γυναῖκα
And with you I will scatter young man and virgin; with you I will scatter man and woman.
The same instrumentality reaches every human pair, from youth to adulthood.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπιῶskorpizo + diaVF2 FAI1S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'skorpizo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
νεανίσκονyoung manN2 ASM · νεανίσκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρθένονvirginN2 ASF · παρθένοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαρθένος: meaning 'virgin'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπιῶskorpizo + diaVF2 FAI1S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'skorpizo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
καὶ διασκορπιῶ ἐν σοὶ ποιμένα καὶ τὸ ποίμνιον αὐτοῦ καὶ διασκορπιῶ ἐν σοὶ γεωργὸν καὶ τὸ γεώργιον αὐτοῦ καὶ διασκορπιῶ ἐν σοὶ ἡγεμόνας καὶ στρατηγούς σου
And with you I will scatter shepherd and his flock; with you I will scatter farmer and his field; with you I will scatter your leaders and generals.
Pastoral, agricultural, and political structures are all broken by the Lord’s chosen instrument.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπιῶskorpizo + diaVF2 FAI1S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'skorpizo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιμέναshepherdN3 ASM · ποιμήνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποιμήν: meaning 'shepherd'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποίμνιονflockN2 ASN · ποίμνιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποίμνιον: meaning 'flock'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπιῶskorpizo + diaVF2 FAI1S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'skorpizo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γεωργὸνfarmerN2 ASM · γεωργόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγεωργός: meaning 'farmer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεώργιονa fieldN2N ASN · γεώργιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγεώργιον: meaning 'a field'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασκορπιῶskorpizo + diaVF2 FAI1S · σκορπίζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκορπίζω + δια: meaning 'skorpizo + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοὶyouRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡγεμόναςcommandersN3N APM · ἡγεμώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡγεμών: meaning 'commanders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στρατηγούςστρατηγούςN2 APM · στρατηγόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστρατηγός: meaning 'στρατηγούς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
24
καὶ ἀνταποδώσω τῇ Βαβυλῶνι καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς κατοικοῦσι Χαλδαίοις πάσας τὰς κακίας αὐτῶν ἃς ἐποίησαν ἐπὶ Σιων κατ' ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν λέγει κύριος
And I will repay Babylon and all the inhabitants of Chaldea for all the evils they did against Zion before your eyes, says the Lord.
The oracle states plainly that Babylon is being repaid for what it did to Zion.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνταποδώσωrepayVF FAI1S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαβυλῶνιBabylonN3W DSF · Βαβυλώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦσιdwellingV2 · παπδπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΧαλδαίοιςChaldeansN2 DPM · Χαλδαῖοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΧαλδαίοις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίαςevilsN1A APF · κακίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακία: meaning 'evils'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἃςwhichRR APF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὺςeyesN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
25
ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ πρὸς σέ τὸ ὄρος τὸ διεφθαρμένον τὸ διαφθεῖρον πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν καὶ ἐκτενῶ τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπὶ σὲ καὶ κατακυλιῶ σε ἀπὸ τῶν πετρῶν καὶ δώσω σε ὡς ὄρος ἐμπεπυρισμένον
Behold, I am against you, O ruined mountain, destroying all the earth. I will stretch out my hand against you, roll you down from the rocks, and make you like a burned mountain.
Babylon is reimagined as a ruined mountain that the Lord will roll down and burn.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διεφθαρμένονruinedVM · χμπασν φθείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπασν φθείρω + δια: meaning 'ruined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαφθεῖρονdestroyingV1 · παπασν φθείρω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασν φθείρω + δια: meaning 'destroying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκτενῶτείνω + ἐκVF2 FAI1S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'τείνω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακυλιῶI will roll downVF2 FAI1S · κυλίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκυλίω + κατα: meaning 'I will roll down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετρῶνstoneN2 GPM · πέτροςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπέτρος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄροςmountainN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμπεπυρισμένονburnedVX · χππασν πυρίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππασν πυρίζω + ἐν: meaning 'burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
καὶ οὐ μὴ λάβωσιν ἀπὸ σοῦ λίθον εἰς γωνίαν καὶ λίθον εἰς θεμέλιον ὅτι εἰς ἀφανισμὸν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἔσῃ λέγει κύριος
And they shall not take from you a stone for a corner or a stone for a foundation, because you shall be a perpetual desolation, says the Lord.
Its ruin is so total that even its stones are unfit for future building.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λάβωσινthey may takeVB AAS3P · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλαμβάνω: meaning 'they may take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λίθονstonesN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γωνίανcornerN1A ASF · γωνίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγωνία: meaning 'corner'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθονstonesN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεμέλιονfoundationN2N ASN · θεμέλιονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'foundation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔσῃyou shall beVF FMI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'you shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
27
ἄρατε σημεῖον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς σαλπίσατε ἐν ἔθνεσιν σάλπιγγι ἁγιάσατε ἐπ' αὐτὴν ἔθνη παραγγείλατε ἐπ' αὐτὴν βασιλείαις Αραρατ παρ' ἐμοῦ καὶ τοῖς Ασχαναζαίοις ἐπιστήσατε ἐπ' αὐτὴν βελοστάσεις ἀναβιβάσατε ἐπ' αὐτὴν ἵππον ὡς ἀκρίδων πλῆθος
Lift up a signal on the earth; sound a trumpet among the nations. Consecrate nations against her; summon against her the kingdoms of Ararat and the Ashkenazians. Set siege engines against her; bring up horses like a swarm of locusts.
A broad international summons goes out, naming kingdoms and engines of siege against Babylon.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ἄρατεcarry off / take upVA AAD2P · αἴρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἴρω: meaning 'carry off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σημεῖονsignN2 ASN · σημεῖονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσημεῖον: meaning 'sign'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σαλπίσατεσαλπίζωVA AAD2P · σαλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσαλπίζω: meaning 'σαλπίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σάλπιγγιtrumpetN3G DSF · σάλπιγξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσάλπιγξ: meaning 'trumpet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἁγιάσατεἁγιάζωVA AAD2P · ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἁγιάζω: meaning 'ἁγιάζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παραγγείλατεsummonVA AAD2P · ἀγγέλλω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + παρα: meaning 'summon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βασιλείαιςkingdom / reignN1A DPF · βασιλείαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΑραρατAraratN GS · Αραρατnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑραρατ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσχαναζαίοιςAshkenaziansN DPM · Ασχανάζαιοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΑσχαναζαίοις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἐπιστήσατεset in placeVA AAD2P · ἵστημι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἐπι: meaning 'set in place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βελοστάσειςmissile-throwersN3I APF · βελόστασιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβελόστασις: meaning 'missile-throwers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀναβιβάσατεbring upVA AAD2P · βιβάζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβιβάζω + ἀνα: meaning 'bring up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἵππονhorseN2 ASM · ἵπποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκρίδωνof locustsN3D GPF · ἀκρίςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀκρίς: meaning 'of locusts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
28
ἁγιάσατε ἐπ' αὐτὴν ἔθνη τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Μήδων καὶ πάσης τῆς γῆς τοὺς ἡγουμένους αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντας τοὺς στρατηγοὺς αὐτοῦ
Consecrate nations against her, the king of the Medes, and all the rulers of his land and all his generals.
The consecrated coalition is specified further through the Medes and their officers.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἁγιάσατεἁγιάζωVA AAD2P · ἁγιάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἁγιάζω: meaning 'ἁγιάζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜήδωνMedesN2 GPM · Μῆδοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΜήδων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγουμένουςegeomaiV2 · πμπαπμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'egeomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατηγοὺςgeneralN2 APM · στρατηγόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστρατηγός: meaning 'general'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
ἐσείσθη ἡ γῆ καὶ ἐπόνεσεν διότι ἐξανέστη ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα λογισμὸς κυρίου τοῦ θεῖναι τὴν γῆν Βαβυλῶνος εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ μὴ κατοικεῖσθαι αὐτήν
The earth quaked and was in travail, because the thought of the Lord rose up against Babylon to make the land of Babylon a desolation and uninhabited.
The earth itself trembles as the Lord’s plan to empty Babylon comes into force.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐσείσθηshakeVCI API3S · σείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσείω: meaning 'shake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπόνεσενhe suffered / was in painVAI AAI3S · πονέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπονέω: meaning 'he suffered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξανέστηrose upVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἐκ + ἀνα: meaning 'rose up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λογισμὸςpurposeN2 NSM · λογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλογισμός: meaning 'purpose'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῖναιto makeVE AAN · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementτίθημι: meaning 'to make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικεῖσθαιbe inhabitedV2 PMN · οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'be inhabited'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
30
ἐξέλιπεν μαχητὴς Βαβυλῶνος τοῦ πολεμεῖν καθήσονται ἐκεῖ ἐν περιοχῇ ἐθραύσθη ἡ δυναστεία αὐτῶν ἐγενήθησαν ὡσεὶ γυναῖκες ἐνεπυρίσθη τὰ σκηνώματα αὐτῆς συνετρίβησαν οἱ μοχλοὶ αὐτῆς
The warrior of Babylon has ceased from fighting; they shall sit there in the siege enclosure. Their power has been broken; they have become like women. Her dwellings were burned with fire; her bars were shattered.
Babylon’s fighters collapse into passivity while fire and breach undo the city’s defenses.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐξέλιπενfail / run shortVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαχητὴςwarriorN1M NSM · μαχητήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαχητής: meaning 'warrior'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμεῖνfightV2 PAN · πολεμέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementπολεμέω: meaning 'fight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καθήσονταιshall sitVF FMI3P · ἵημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵημι + κατα: meaning 'shall sit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
περιοχῇstrongholdN1 DSF · περιοχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπεριοχή: meaning 'stronghold'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐθραύσθηwas brokenVCI API3S · θραύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθραύω: meaning 'was broken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυναστείαδυναστείαN1A NSF · δυναστείαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδυναστεία: meaning 'δυναστεία'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγενήθησανaroseVCI API3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'arose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡσεὶaboutD · ὡσείadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'about'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναῖκεςwomanN3K NPF · γυνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνεπυρίσθηwas burnedVCI API3S · πυρίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπυρίζω + ἐν: meaning 'was burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώματαcampN3M APN · σκήνωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκήνωμα: meaning 'camp'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνετρίβησανthey were shatteredVDI API3P · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτρίβω + συν: meaning 'they were shattered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοχλοὶbarsN2 NPM · μοχλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμοχλός: meaning 'bars'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
31
διώκων εἰς ἀπάντησιν διώκοντος διώξεται καὶ ἀναγγέλλων εἰς ἀπάντησιν ἀναγγέλλοντος τοῦ ἀναγγεῖλαι τῷ βασιλεῖ Βαβυλῶνος ὅτι ἑάλωκεν ἡ πόλις αὐτοῦ
Runner will pursue to meet runner, and messenger to meet messenger, to announce to the king of Babylon that his city has been taken.
Fast-moving runners and messengers dramatize the speed with which the king hears of the capture.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
διώκωνpursuingV1 · παπνσμ διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ διώκω: meaning 'pursuing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπάντησινmeetingN3I ASF · ἀπάντησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπάντησις: meaning 'meeting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
διώκοντοςπαπγσμ διώκωV1 · παπγσμ διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ διώκω: meaning 'παπγσμ διώκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διώξεταιpursueVF FMI3S · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδιώκω: meaning 'pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγέλλωνπαπνσμ αγγελλωV1 · παπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'παπνσμ αγγελλω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀπάντησινmeetingN3I ASF · ἀπάντησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀπάντησις: meaning 'meeting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀναγγέλλοντοςmessengerV1 · παπγσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'messenger'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναγγεῖλαιaggello + anaVA AAN · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'aggello + ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑάλωκενhas been takenVX XAI3S · ἁλίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἁλίσκω: meaning 'has been taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλιςcityN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
32
ἀπ' ἐσχάτου τῶν διαβάσεων αὐτοῦ ἐλήμφθησαν καὶ τὰ συστέματα αὐτῶν ἐνέπρησαν ἐν πυρί καὶ ἄνδρες αὐτοῦ οἱ πολεμισταὶ ἐξέρχονται
From the far end her crossings were seized, and they burned her entrenchments with fire, and her men of war go out in panic.
The fall is detailed through seized crossings, burning defenses, and panicked soldiers.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐσχάτουthe endA1 GSM · ἔσχατοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαβάσεωνcrossingsN3I GPF · διάβασιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδιάβασις: meaning 'crossings'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλήμφθησανἐλήμφθησανVVI API3P · λαμβάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'ἐλήμφθησαν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συστέματαchannels/streamsN3M APN · σύστεμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσύστεμα: meaning 'channels'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνέπρησανburned downVAI AAI3P · πίμπρημι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπρημι + ἐν: meaning 'burned down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πυρίfireN3 DSN · πῦρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμισταὶwarriors / fighting menN1 NPM · πολεμιστήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολεμιστής: meaning 'warriors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξέρχονταιgo outV1 PMI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
33
διότι τάδε λέγει κύριος οἶκοι βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος ὡς ἅλων ὥριμος ἀλοηθήσονται ἔτι μικρὸν καὶ ἥξει ὁ ἄμητος αὐτῆς
For thus says the Lord: The house of the king of Babylon is like a ripe threshing floor ready to be trodden; yet a little while, and her harvest will come.
Babylon is compared to a ripe threshing floor whose harvest is about to be trampled out.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἶκοιhouseN2 NPM · οἴκοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἴκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅλωνthreshing floorN3W NSF · ἅλωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅλων: meaning 'threshing floor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὥριμοςripeA1B NSM · ὥριμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὥριμος: meaning 'ripe'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀλοηθήσονταιshall be threshedVC FPI3P · ἀλοάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλοάω: meaning 'shall be threshed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μικρὸνsmall / insignificantA1A ASM · μικρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμητοςharvestN2 NSM · ἀμητόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀμητός: meaning 'harvest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
34
κατέφαγέν με ἐμερίσατό με κατέλαβέν με σκεῦος λεπτὸν Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος κατέπιέν με ὡς δράκων ἔπλησεν τὴν κοιλίαν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς τρυφῆς μου ἐξῶσέν με
Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon devoured me, divided me, seized me like a delicate vessel, swallowed me like a dragon, filled his belly with my luxury, and cast me out.
Zion speaks in the first person, describing Nebuchadnezzar as a devouring dragon.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
κατέφαγένconsumedVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'consumed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμερίσατόdividedVAI AMI3S · μερίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμερίζω: meaning 'divided'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέλαβένseizedVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σκεῦοςimplementsN3E ASN · σκεῦοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λεπτὸνdelicateA1 ASN · λεπτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλεπτός: meaning 'delicate'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κατέπιένswallowedVBI AAI3S · πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίνω + κατα: meaning 'swallowed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δράκωνa dragonN3 NSM · δράκωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδράκων: meaning 'a dragon'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔπλησενfilledVAI AAI3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιλίανbelly / entrailsN1A ASF · κοιλίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρυφῆςof delightN1 GSF · τρυφήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτρυφή: meaning 'of delight'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξῶσένcast outVA AAI3S · ὠθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὠθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'cast out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
35
οἱ μόχθοι μου καὶ αἱ ταλαιπωρίαι μου εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ἐρεῖ κατοικοῦσα Σιων καὶ τὸ αἷμά μου ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Χαλδαίους ἐρεῖ Ιερουσαλημ
My labors and my hardships be upon Babylon, says the one dwelling in Zion; and my blood be upon the inhabitants of Chaldea, says Jerusalem.
Zion and Jerusalem call for Babylon to bear the burden of their violence and shed blood.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόχθοιlaborsN2 NPM · μόχθοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμόχθος: meaning 'labors'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταλαιπωρίαιhardshipsN1A NPF · ταλαιπωρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταλαιπωρία: meaning 'hardships'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατοικοῦσακαταV2 · παπνσφ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣιων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἷμάαἷμάN3M ASN · αἷμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἷμα: meaning 'αἷμά'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΧαλδαίουςChaldeansN2 APM · Χαλδαῖοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΧαλδαίους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN NSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
36
διὰ τοῦτο τάδε λέγει κύριος ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ κρινῶ τὴν ἀντίδικόν σου καὶ ἐκδικήσω τὴν ἐκδίκησίν σου καὶ ἐρημώσω τὴν θάλασσαν αὐτῆς καὶ ξηρανῶ τὴν πηγὴν αὐτῆς
Therefore thus says the Lord: Behold, I will judge your case and avenge your vengeance; I will lay waste her sea and dry up her spring.
The Lord answers by promising legal vindication and the drying up of Babylon’s sustaining waters.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρινῶjudgeVF2 FAI1S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀντίδικόνcaseA1B ASF · ἀντίδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀντίδικος: meaning 'case'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικήσωI will punishVF FAI1S · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will punish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδίκησίνἐκδίκησίνN3I ASF · ἐκδίκησιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: meaning 'ἐκδίκησίν'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρημώσωI will lay wasteVF FAI1S · ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐρημόω: meaning 'I will lay waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ξηρανῶdry up / witherVF2 FAI1S · ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureξηραίνω: meaning 'dry up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηγὴνπηγήN1 ASF · πηγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπηγή: meaning 'πηγή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
37
καὶ ἔσται Βαβυλὼν εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ οὐ κατοικηθήσεται
And Babylon shall become a desolation and shall not be inhabited.
The city’s future is summed up as simple desolation without repopulation.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonN3W NSF · Βαβυλώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΒαβυλὼν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικηθήσεταιdwellVC FPI3S · οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
38
ἅμα ὡς λέοντες ἐξηγέρθησαν καὶ ὡς σκύμνοι λεόντων
Together they were roused like lions and like lion cubs.
Babylon’s leaders are pictured as roused lions, setting up the intoxication judgment that follows.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἅμαtogetherD · ἅμαadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'together'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέοντεςlionN3 NPM · λέωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξηγέρθησανwere rousedVCI API3P · ἐγείρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'were roused'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκύμνοιyoung lionsN2 NPM · σκύμνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκύμνος: meaning 'young lions'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λεόντωνlionN3 GPM · λέωνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationλέων: meaning 'lion'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
39
ἐν τῇ θερμασίᾳ αὐτῶν δώσω πότημα αὐτοῖς καὶ μεθύσω αὐτούς ὅπως καρωθῶσιν καὶ ὑπνώσωσιν ὕπνον αἰώνιον καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐγερθῶσι λέγει κύριος
In their heat I will give them drink and make them drunk, so that they may become numb and sleep an everlasting sleep and never rise, says the Lord.
The Lord gives them a cup that leads not to triumph but to stupor and irreversible sleep.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θερμασίᾳheatN1A DSF · θερμασίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθερμασία: meaning 'heat'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πότημαdrinkN3M ASN · πότημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπότημα: meaning 'drink'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθύσωI will drenchVF FAI1S · μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμεθύω: meaning 'I will drench'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρωθῶσινbecome numbVA APS3P · καρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyκαρόω: meaning 'become numb'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπνώσωσινthey sleepVA AAS3P · ὑπνόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὑπνόω: meaning 'they sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕπνονsleepN2 ASM · ὕπνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕπνος: meaning 'sleep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αἰώνιονeverlastingA1A ASM · αἰώνιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰώνιος: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγερθῶσιriseVC APS3P · ἐγείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἐγείρω: meaning 'rise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
40
καταβιβάσω αὐτοὺς ὡς ἄρνας εἰς σφαγὴν καὶ ὡς κριοὺς μετ' ἐρίφων
I will bring them down like lambs to slaughter, like rams with kids.
The doomed are led away like sacrificial animals toward slaughter.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καταβιβάσωκαταβιβάσωVF FAI1S · βιβάζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβιβάζω + κατα: meaning 'καταβιβάσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρναςlambN3 APM · ἀρνόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρνός: meaning 'lamb'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σφαγὴνslaughterN1 ASF · σφαγήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσφαγή: meaning 'slaughter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κριοὺςramN2 APM · κριόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκριός: meaning 'ram'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐρίφωνof kidsN2 GPM · ἔριφοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔριφος: meaning 'of kids'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
41
πῶς ἑάλω καὶ ἐθηρεύθη τὸ καύχημα πάσης τῆς γῆς πῶς ἐγένετο Βαβυλὼν εἰς ἀφανισμὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν
How the praise of the whole earth was taken and trapped; how Babylon became a desolation among the nations.
A lament marvels that the world’s celebrated city has become prey and waste.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑάλωhas been takenVZI AAI3S · ἁλίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁλίσκω: meaning 'has been taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθηρεύθηwas trappedVCI API3S · θηρεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθηρεύω: meaning 'was trapped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καύχημαboastN3M ASN · καύχημαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαύχημα: meaning 'boast'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonN3W NSF · Βαβυλώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΒαβυλὼν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
42
ἀνέβη ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα ἡ θάλασσα ἐν ἤχῳ κυμάτων αὐτῆς καὶ κατεκαλύφθη
The sea came up over Babylon; she was covered by the sound of its waves.
Babylon’s engulfing defeat is cast as a sea rising over the city.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσαseaN1S NSF · θάλασσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἤχῳsoundN2 DSM · ἦχοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἦχος: meaning 'sound'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κυμάτωνwaveN3M GPN · κῦμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκῦμα: meaning 'wave'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεκαλύφθηwas coveredVVI API3S · καλύπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω + κατα: meaning 'was covered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
43
ἐγενήθησαν αἱ πόλεις αὐτῆς γῆ ἄνυδρος καὶ ἄβατος οὐ κατοικήσει ἐν αὐτῇ οὐδὲ εἷς οὐδὲ μὴ καταλύσῃ ἐν αὐτῇ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου
Her cities became a dry and impassable land; no one shall dwell in her, nor shall a son of man lodge there.
The engulfed empire turns into a dry and impassable land without human lodging.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐγενήθησανaroseVCI API3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'arose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνυδροςwaterlessA1B NSF · ἄνυδροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνυδρος: meaning 'waterless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄβατοςimpassableA1B NSF · ἄβατοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄβατος: meaning 'impassable'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικήσειdwellingVF FAI3S · οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἷςoneA3 NSM · εἷςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ measure or countεἷς: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταλύσῃlodgeVF FMI2S · λύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλύω + κατα: meaning 'lodge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
υἱὸςsonN2 NSM · υἱόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
44
καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα καὶ ἐξοίσω ἃ κατέπιεν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ μὴ συναχθῶσιν πρὸς αὐτὴν ἔτι τὰ ἔθνη
And I will take vengeance on Babylon and bring out from her mouth what she swallowed, and the nations shall no longer gather to her.
The Lord strips Babylon of what it swallowed and ends the nations’ traffic toward it.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικήσωI will punishVF FAI1S · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will punish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξοίσωI will bring outVF FAI1S · φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will bring out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέπιενswallowedVBI AAI3S · πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίνω + κατα: meaning 'swallowed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συναχθῶσινbe gatheredVQ APS3P · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἄγω + συν: meaning 'be gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔτιstillD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
49
καὶ ἐν Βαβυλῶνι πεσοῦνται τραυματίαι πάσης τῆς γῆς
And in Babylon the slain of all the earth shall fall.
Resumes the body-count motif by locating worldwide slaughter in Babylon’s fall.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶνιBabylonN3W DSF · Βαβυλώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πεσοῦνταιfellVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
50
ἀνασῳζόμενοι ἐκ γῆς πορεύεσθε καὶ μὴ ἵστασθε οἱ μακρόθεν μνήσθητε τοῦ κυρίου καὶ Ιερουσαλημ ἀναβήτω ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν ὑμῶν
You who are escaping, go from the land and do not stand still. You who are far off, remember the Lord, and let Jerusalem rise upon your heart.
Survivors are urged to keep moving and to carry Jerusalem in remembered hope.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἀνασῳζόμενοιthose escapingV1 · πμπνπμ σώζω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ σώζω + ἀνα: meaning 'those escaping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πορεύεσθεgoV1 PMI2P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵστασθεstand stillV6 PMD2P · ἵστημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι: meaning 'stand still'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μακρόθενfrom afarD · μακρόθενadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρόθεν: meaning 'from afar'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μνήσθητεrememberVC APD2P · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN NSF · Ἰερουσαλήμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀναβήτωlet go upVZ AAD3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'let go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
51
ᾐσχύνθημεν ὅτι ἠκούσαμεν ὀνειδισμὸν ἡμῶν κατεκάλυψεν ἀτιμία τὸ πρόσωπον ἡμῶν εἰσῆλθον ἀλλογενεῖς εἰς τὰ ἅγια ἡμῶν εἰς οἶκον κυρίου
We were put to shame because we heard our reproach; dishonor covered our face, because foreigners entered our holy places, into the house of the Lord.
The people confess shame at the desecration of the Lord’s house by foreigners.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ᾐσχύνθημενwe were ashamedVCI API1P · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἰσχύνω: meaning 'we were ashamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠκούσαμενhearVAI AAI1P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀνειδισμὸνreproach / disgraceN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατεκάλυψενcoveredVAI AAI3S · καλύπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω + κατα: meaning 'covered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀτιμίαdishonorN1A NSF · ἀτιμίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰσῆλθονwent inVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλογενεῖςforeignersA3H NPM · ἀλλογενήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreigners'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholyA1A APN · ἅγιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
52
διὰ τοῦτο ἰδοὺ ἡμέραι ἔρχονται λέγει κύριος καὶ ἐκδικήσω ἐπὶ τὰ γλυπτὰ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ αὐτῆς πεσοῦνται τραυματίαι
Therefore behold, days are coming, says the Lord, when I will take vengeance on her carved images, and throughout all her land the wounded shall fall.
The coming days include judgment on Babylon’s idols and renewed carnage in her land.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔρχονταιare comingV1 PMI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔρχομαι: meaning 'are coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικήσωI will punishVF FAI1S · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'I will punish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτὰglyptosA1 APN · γλυπτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλυπτός: meaning 'glyptos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πεσοῦνταιfellVF2 FMI3P · πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τραυματίαιwounded menN1T NPM · τραυματίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'wounded men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
53
ὅτι ἐὰν ἀναβῇ Βαβυλὼν ὡς ὁ οὐρανὸς καὶ ὅτι ἐὰν ὀχυρώσῃ ὕψος ἰσχύος αὐτῆς παρ' ἐμοῦ ἥξουσιν ἐξολεθρεύοντες αὐτήν λέγει κύριος
Even if Babylon should go up like heaven, and even if she should fortify the height of her strength, destroyers shall come to her from me, says the Lord.
No vertical ascent or fortification can keep destroyers sent by the Lord away from Babylon.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναβῇgo upVZ AAS3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonN3W NSF · Βαβυλώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΒαβυλὼν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανὸςheavenN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀχυρώσῃfortifyVA AAS3S · ὀχυρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀχυρόω: meaning 'fortify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕψοςheightN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'height'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρ'withP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦIRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἥξουσινshall comeVF FAI3P · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'shall come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξολεθρεύοντεςdestroyersV1 · παπνπμ ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroyers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
54
φωνὴ κραυγῆς ἐν Βαβυλῶνι καὶ συντριβὴ μεγάλη ἐν γῇ Χαλδαίων
A voice of outcry is in Babylon, and great destruction in the land of the Chaldeans.
Another compressed battle report marks the city with loud outcry and collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
φωνὴsoundN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφωνή: meaning 'sound'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κραυγῆςoutcryN1 GSF · κραυγήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκραυγή: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶνιBabylonN3W DSF · Βαβυλώνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντριβὴruinN1 NSF · συντριβήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσυντριβή: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΧαλδαίωνChaldeansN2 GPM · Χαλδαῖοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΧαλδαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
55
ὅτι ἐξωλέθρευσεν κύριος τὴν Βαβυλῶνα καὶ ἀπώλεσεν ἀπ' αὐτῆς φωνὴν μεγάλην ἠχοῦσαν ὡς ὕδατα πολλά ἔδωκεν εἰς ὄλεθρον φωνὴν αὐτῆς
Because the Lord destroyed Babylon and removed from her the great sound that roared like many waters, giving her voice over to ruin.
Babylon’s great imperial noise is silenced because the Lord himself destroys her.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξωλέθρευσενdestroyVAI AAI3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπώλεσενdestroyedVAI AAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μεγάληνgreatA1 ASF · μέγαςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἠχοῦσανroaredV2 · παπασφ ἠχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασφ ἠχέω: meaning 'roared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδαταwatersN3T APN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πολλάmuchA1 APN · πολύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὄλεθρονdestructionN2 ASM · ὄλεθροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄλεθρος: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
56
ὅτι ἦλθεν ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα ταλαιπωρία ἑάλωσαν οἱ μαχηταὶ αὐτῆς ἐπτόηται τὸ τόξον αὐτῶν ὅτι θεὸς ἀνταποδίδωσιν αὐτοῖς κύριος ἀνταποδίδωσιν αὐτῇ τὴν ἀνταπόδοσιν
Because misery came upon Babylon. Her warriors were captured; their bow has been terrified, because the Lord is a God who repays, and he will surely repay her recompense.
The capture of warriors confirms that the Lord is a God of measured recompense.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcameVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταλαιπωρίαdevastation / miseryN1A NSF · ταλαιπωρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταλαιπωρία: meaning 'devastation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἑάλωσανwere capturedVZI AAI3P · ἁλίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁλίσκω: meaning 'were captured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαχηταὶwarriorN1M NPM · μαχητήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαχητής: meaning 'warrior'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπτόηταιhas been terrifiedVX XPI3S · πτοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπτοέω: meaning 'has been terrified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόξονbowN2N ASN · τόξονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόξον: meaning 'bow'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνταποδίδωσινrepaysV8 PAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'repays'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνταποδίδωσινrepaysV8 PAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'repays'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνταπόδοσινrepaymentN3I ASF · ἀνταπόδοσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνταπόδοσις: meaning 'repayment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
57
καὶ μεθύσει μέθῃ τοὺς ἡγεμόνας αὐτῆς καὶ τοὺς σοφοὺς αὐτῆς καὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς αὐτῆς λέγει ὁ βασιλεύς κύριος παντοκράτωρ ὄνομα αὐτῷ
And he will make her rulers and her wise men and her generals drunk with drunkenness, says the King, the Lord Almighty is his name.
The drunken cup now reaches the ruling class, undoing wisdom and command alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθύσειhe will make drunkVF FAI3S · μεθύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμεθύω: meaning 'he will make drunk'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μέθῃwith drunkennessN1 DSF · μέθηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέθη: meaning 'with drunkenness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγεμόναςcommandersN3N APM · ἡγεμώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡγεμών: meaning 'commanders'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφοὺςwiseA1 APM · σοφόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατηγοὺςgeneralN2 APM · στρατηγόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationστρατηγός: meaning 'general'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεύςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὄνομαnameN3M NSN · ὄνομαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
58
τάδε λέγει κύριος τεῖχος Βαβυλῶνος ἐπλατύνθη κατασκαπτόμενον κατασκαφήσεται καὶ αἱ πύλαι αὐτῆς αἱ ὑψηλαὶ ἐμπυρισθήσονται καὶ οὐ κοπιάσουσιν λαοὶ εἰς κενόν καὶ ἔθνη ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐκλείψουσιν
Thus says the Lord: The broad wall of Babylon shall be utterly demolished, and her high gates shall be burned with fire. Peoples shall not labor for emptiness, and nations shall fail at the outset.
Walls, gates, peoples, and nations are all folded into the final verdict of futile labor and fire.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τεῖχοςwallN3E NSN · τεῖχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΒαβυλῶνοςBabylonN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπλατύνθηgrew broadVCI API3S · πλατύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπλατύνω: meaning 'grew broad'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατασκαπτόμενονbeing demolishedV1 · πππνσν σκάπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπππνσν σκάπτω + κατα: meaning 'being demolished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατασκαφήσεταιshall be demolishedVV FPI3S · σκάπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκάπτω + κατα: meaning 'shall be demolished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύλαιgateN1 NPF · πύληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλαὶhighA1 NPF · ὑψηλόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑψηλός: meaning 'high'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐμπυρισθήσονταιshall be burnedVC FPI3P · πυρίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπυρίζω + ἐν: meaning 'shall be burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοπιάσουσινkopiaoVF FAI3P · κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκοπιάω: meaning 'kopiao'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαοὶpeopleN2 NPM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κενόνemptyA1 ASM · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκενός: meaning 'empty'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχῇbeginningN1 DSF · ἀρχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀρχή: meaning 'beginning'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐκλείψουσινleipo + ekVF FAI3P · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'leipo + ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
59
ὁ λόγος ὃν ἐνετείλατο κύριος Ιερεμια τῷ προφήτῃ εἰπεῖν τῷ Σαραια υἱῷ Νηριου υἱοῦ Μαασαιου ὅτε ἐπορεύετο παρὰ Σεδεκιου βασιλέως Ιουδα εἰς Βαβυλῶνα ἐν τῷ ἔτει τῷ τετάρτῳ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ καὶ Σαραιας ἄρχων δώρων
This is the word that the Lord commanded Jeremiah the prophet to speak to Seraiah son of Neriah, son of Maaseiah, when he went with Zedekiah king of Judah to Babylon in the fourth year of his reign, and Seraiah was chief of gifts.
The oracle shifts into narrative, dating the commission given through Jeremiah to Seraiah.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedVAI AMI3S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'commanded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙερεμιαJeremiahN1T DSM · Ἰερεμίαςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ participant identificationΙερεμια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφήτῃprophetN1M DSM · προφήτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπροφήτης: meaning 'prophet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εἰπεῖνto sayVB AAN · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἶπον: meaning 'to say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣαραιαSeraiahN DSM · Σαραιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαραια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
υἱῷsonN2 DSM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ΝηριουNeriahN1T GSM · Νηριαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΝηριου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
υἱοῦsonN2 GSM · υἱόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΜαασαιουMaasaioyN1T GSM · Μαασαιαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΜαασαιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύετοgoV1I IMI3S · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
Σεδεκιουof ZedekiahN1T GSM · Σεδεκιαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΣεδεκιου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτειyearN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετάρτῳfourthA1 DSN · τέταρτοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceτέταρτος: meaning 'fourth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣαραιαςSeraiahN NSM · Σαραιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαραιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἄρχωνruling / chiefV1 · παπνσμ ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἄρχω: meaning 'ruling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δώρωνgiftN2N GPN · δῶρονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδῶρον: meaning 'gift'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
60
καὶ ἔγραψεν Ιερεμιας πάντα τὰ κακά ἃ ἥξει ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα ἐν βιβλίῳ ἑνί πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους τοὺς γεγραμμένους ἐπὶ Βαβυλῶνα
And Jeremiah wrote in one book all the evils that would come upon Babylon, all these words written against Babylon.
Jeremiah’s written book gathers the announced evils into a portable prophetic witness.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγραψενwriteVAI AAI3S · γράφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγράφω: meaning 'write'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙερεμιαςJeremiahN1T NSM · Ἰερεμίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΙερεμιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακάevilA1 APN · κακόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκακός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βιβλίῳbookN2N DSN · βιβλίονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἑνίheniA3 DSN · εἷςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἷς: meaning 'heni'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τούτουςtheseRD APM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτούτους: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεγραμμένουςwrittenVP · χμπαπμ γράφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχμπαπμ γράφω: meaning 'written'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
61
καὶ εἶπεν Ιερεμιας πρὸς Σαραιαν ὅταν ἔλθῃς εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ ὄψῃ καὶ ἀναγνώσῃ πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους
And Jeremiah said to Seraiah, When you come to Babylon, you shall see and read all these words,
Seraiah is instructed to read the written oracle publicly in Babylon itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΙερεμιαςJeremiahN1T NSM · Ἰερεμίαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΙερεμιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΣαραιανSeraiahN ASM · Σαραιαςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΣαραιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλθῃςyou comeVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι: meaning 'you come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΒαβυλῶναBabylonN3W ASF · Βαβυλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΒαβυλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψῃseeVF FMI2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγνώσῃreadVF FMI2S · γιγνώσκω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureγιγνώσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'read'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τούτουςtheseRD APM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτούτους: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
62
καὶ ἐρεῖς κύριε κύριε σὺ ἐλάλησας ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τοῦτον τοῦ ἐξολεθρεῦσαι αὐτὸν καὶ τοῦ μὴ εἶναι ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικοῦντας ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους ὅτι ἀφανισμὸς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἔσται
and you shall say, O Lord, Lord, you have spoken against this place to destroy it, so that there should be no inhabitant in it, from man to beast, because it shall be an everlasting desolation.
The reading is paired with a spoken confession of the Lord’s own decree of destruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐλάλησαςspeakVAI AAI2S · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόπονplaceN2 ASM · τόποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτόπος: meaning 'place'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτον: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξολεθρεῦσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶναιto beV9 PAN · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementεἰμί: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κτήνουςof the beastN3E GSN · κτῆνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκτῆνος: meaning 'of the beast'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφανισμὸςdestructionN2 NSM · ἀφανισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀφανισμός: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
63
καὶ ἔσται ὅταν παύσῃ τοῦ ἀναγινώσκειν τὸ βιβλίον τοῦτο καὶ ἐπιδήσεις ἐπ' αὐτὸ λίθον καὶ ῥίψεις αὐτὸ εἰς μέσον τοῦ Εὐφράτου
And it shall be, when you finish reading this book, that you shall bind a stone upon it and cast it into the middle of the Euphrates,
The stone-bound scroll becomes a symbolic action that enacts Babylon’s destined descent.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτανwhenD · ὅτανadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παύσῃfinishVA AAS3S · παύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπαύω: meaning 'finish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναγινώσκεινto readV1 PAN · γιγνώσκω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementγιγνώσκω + ἀνα: meaning 'to read'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βιβλίονbookN2N ASN · βιβλίονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτοῦτο: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιδήσειςbindVF PAI2S · δέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδέω + ἐπι: meaning 'bind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λίθονstonesN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλίθος: meaning 'stones'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ῥίψειςcastVF PAI2S · ῥίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processῥίπτω: meaning 'cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσονmidstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕὐφράτουEuphratesN1M GSM · Εὐφράτηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΕὐφράτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
64
καὶ ἐρεῖς οὕτως καταδύσεται Βαβυλὼν καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀναστῇ ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν κακῶν ὧν ἐγὼ ἐπάγω ἐπ' αὐτήν
and you shall say, Thus shall Babylon sink and shall not rise from before the evils that I am bringing upon her.
The enacted sign is interpreted so that Babylon’s sinking becomes the lasting final image of the oracle.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςsayVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταδύσεταιshall sinkVF FMI3S · δύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδύω + κατα: meaning 'shall sink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΒαβυλὼνBabylonN3W NSF · Βαβυλώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΒαβυλὼν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναστῇarisesVH AAS3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'arises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακῶνevilsA1 GPM · κακόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκακός: meaning 'evils'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπάγωbring uponV1 PAI1S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄγω + ἐπι: meaning 'bring upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.