1
ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους
Concerning the Philistines.
Begins with a terse superscription that names the target nation and frames everything that follows as an international judgment oracle.
Word-by-word analysis· 3 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοφύλουςPhilistinesA1B APM · ἀλλόφυλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλόφυλος: meaning 'Philistines'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
2
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἰδοὺ ὕδατα ἀναβαίνει ἀπὸ βορρᾶ καὶ ἔσται εἰς χειμάρρουν κατακλύζοντα καὶ κατακλύσει γῆν καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς πόλιν καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ κεκράξονται οἱ ἄνθρωποι καὶ ἀλαλάξουσιν ἅπαντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν γῆν
Thus says the Lord: Behold, waters are rising from the north, and they shall become an overflowing torrent, and they shall flood the land and all its fullness, the city and those dwelling in it; and men shall cry out, and all who inhabit the land shall wail.
The invading force is rendered as floodwater from the north, an image that conveys both irresistible movement and total inundation.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδοὺ: meaning 'behold'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδαταwaterN3T NPN · ὕδωρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀναβαίνειgoes upV1 PAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'goes up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειμάρρουνwadiA1C ASM · χειμάροοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχειμάροος: meaning 'wadi'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατακλύζονταoverflowingV1 · παπνσν κλύζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσν κλύζω + κατα: meaning 'overflowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακλύσειshall overflowVF FAI3S · κλύζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκλύζω + κατα: meaning 'shall overflow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήρωμαfullnessN3M ASN · πλήρωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλήρωμα: meaning 'fullness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κεκράξονταιthey will cry outVFX FMI3P · κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκράζω: meaning 'they will cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνθρωποιhuman beingN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλαλάξουσινshall wailVF FAI3P · ἀλαλάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀλαλάζω: meaning 'shall wail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἅπαντεςallA3 NPM · ἅπαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἅπας: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
3
ἀπὸ φωνῆς ὁρμῆς αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν ὁπλῶν τῶν ποδῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ σεισμοῦ τῶν ἁρμάτων αὐτοῦ ἤχου τροχῶν αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐπέστρεψαν πατέρες ἐφ' υἱοὺς αὐτῶν ἀπὸ ἐκλύσεως χειρῶν αὐτῶν
At the sound of his rush, at the hoofs of his feet, and at the shaking of his chariots, at the noise of his wheels, fathers did not turn back to their sons because their hands had grown feeble.
Sound imagery intensifies the invasion, and the failure of fathers even to turn toward their sons shows total collapse of ordinary human bonds under terror.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁρμῆςrushN1 GSF · ὁρμήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁρμή: meaning 'rush'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁπλῶνhoofsN1 GPF · ὁπλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὁπλή: meaning 'hoofs'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδῶνfootN3D GPM · πούςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σεισμοῦearthquakeN2 GSM · σεισμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσεισμός: meaning 'earthquake'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁρμάτωνchariotN3M GPN · ἅρμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἤχουsoundN2 GSM · ἦχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἦχος: meaning 'sound'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τροχῶνwheelN2 GPM · τροχόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτροχός: meaning 'wheel'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέστρεψανturned backVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατέρεςfathersN3 NPM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐκλύσεωςἔκλυσιςN3I GSF · ἔκλυσιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔκλυσις: meaning 'ἔκλυσις'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἐρχομένῃ τοῦ ἀπολέσαι πάντας τοὺς ἀλλοφύλους καὶ ἀφανιῶ τὴν Τύρον καὶ τὴν Σιδῶνα καὶ πάντας τοὺς καταλοίπους τῆς βοηθείας αὐτῶν ὅτι ἐξολεθρεύσει κύριος τοὺς καταλοίπους τῶν νήσων
In the day that is coming to destroy all the Philistines, and I will cut off Tyre and Sidon and all the rest of their help, because the Lord will utterly destroy the remnant of the islands.
The oracle widens from Philistia to its network of support, declaring that the coming day will also sever Tyre, Sidon, and island help.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρχομένῃcomingV1 · πμπδσφ ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδσφ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπολέσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοφύλουςPhilistinesA1B APM · ἀλλόφυλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀλλόφυλος: meaning 'Philistines'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφανιῶI will destroyVF2 FAI1S · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + ἀπο + ἀνα: meaning 'I will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΤύρονTyreN2 ASF · Τύροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΤύρον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣιδῶναSidonN3W ASF · Σιδώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationΣιδῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλοίπουςremnantA1B APM · κατάλοιποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκατάλοιπος: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοηθείαςhelpN1A GSF · βοήθειαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβοήθεια: meaning 'help'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρεύσειwill utterly destroyVF FAI3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'will utterly destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλοίπουςremnantA1B APM · κατάλοιποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκατάλοιπος: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νήσωνislandsN2 GPF · νήσοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationνήσος: meaning 'islands'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
ἥκει φαλάκρωμα ἐπὶ Γάζαν ἀπερρίφη Ἀσκαλὼν καὶ οἱ κατάλοιποι Ενακιμ ἕως τίνος κόψεις
Baldness has come upon Gaza; Ashkelon has been cast down, and the remnant of the Anakim. How long will you keep cutting yourself?
The humiliation of Gaza and Ashkelon is expressed through mourning and self-laceration imagery, turning the oracle toward audible grief.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἥκειarriveV1 PAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἥκω: meaning 'arrive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
φαλάκρωμαbaldnessN3M ASN · φαλάκρωμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφαλάκρωμα: meaning 'baldness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΓάζανGazaN ASF · Γάζανnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΓάζαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἀπερρίφηhas been cast downVCI API3S · ῥίπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristῥίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'has been cast down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἈσκαλὼνAshkelonN3W NSF · Ἀσκαλώνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationἈσκαλὼν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάλοιποιrestA1B NPM · κατάλοιποςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκατάλοιπος: meaning 'rest'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΕνακιμAnakimN NP · Ενακιμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕνακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίνοςwhatRI GSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτίνος: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κόψειςwill you cut yourselfVF FAI2S · κόπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκόπτω: meaning 'will you cut yourself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ἡ μάχαιρα τοῦ κυρίου ἕως τίνος οὐχ ἡσυχάσεις ἀποκατάστηθι εἰς τὸν κολεόν σου ἀνάπαυσαι καὶ ἐπάρθητι
O sword of the Lord, how long will you not be quiet? Return to your sheath, rest and be lifted up.
The speech momentarily addresses the divine sword directly, voicing human longing for the violence to cease.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάχαιραswordN1A NSF · μάχαιραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμάχαιρα: meaning 'sword'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τίνοςwhatRI GSN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationτίνος: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡσυχάσειςyou will be at restVF FAI2S · ἡσυχάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἡσυχάζω: meaning 'you will be at rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀποκατάστηθιreturnVH AAD2S · ἵστημι + ἀπο + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι + ἀπο + κατα: meaning 'return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κολεόνsheathN2 ASM · κολεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκολεός: meaning 'sheath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνάπαυσαιrestVA AMD2S · παύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαύω + ἀνα: meaning 'rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάρθητιbe lifted upVC APD2S · αἴρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἴρω + ἐπι: meaning 'be lifted up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
πῶς ἡσυχάσει καὶ κύριος ἐνετείλατο αὐτῇ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἀσκαλῶνα καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς παραθαλασσίους ἐπὶ τὰς καταλοίπους ἐπεγερθῆναι
How can it be quiet, when the Lord has commanded it against Ashkelon and against the seacoasts, against the remnants there, to be stirred up?
The final question resolves the appeal by grounding the sword's activity in the Lord's explicit commission against the Philistine coast.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
πῶςhowD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'how'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡσυχάσειwill restVF FAI3S · ἡσυχάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἡσυχάζω: meaning 'will rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedVAI AMI3S · τέλλομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'commanded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἈσκαλῶναAshkelonN3W ASF · Ἀσκαλώνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ participant identificationἈσκαλῶνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραθαλασσίουςcoastalA1B APF · παραθαλάσσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαραθαλάσσιος: meaning 'coastal'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταλοίπουςremnantA1B APM · κατάλοιποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκατάλοιπος: meaning 'remnant'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπεγερθῆναιto be stirred upVC APN · ἐγείρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἐγείρω + ἐπι: meaning 'to be stirred up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.