1
ἐὰν ἐπιστραφῇ Ισραηλ λέγει κύριος πρός με ἐπιστραφήσεται ἐὰν περιέλῃ τὰ βδελύγματα αὐτοῦ ἐκ στόματος αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου μου εὐλαβηθῇ
If Israel returns, says the Lord, he shall return to me; if he removes his abominations from his mouth and stands in awe before my face,
Opens by holding out a real return, but only on terms of actual purification and reverent presence before God.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionἐὰν: connective meaning 'if'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐπιστραφῇἐπιστραφῇVD APS3S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἐπιστραφῇ: 'ἐπιστραφῇ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πρόςπρόςP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρός: preposition meaning 'πρός'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'me'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐπιστραφήσεταιἐπιστραφήσεταιVD FPI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἐπιστραφήσεται: 'ἐπιστραφήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionἐὰν: connective meaning 'if'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
περιέλῃπεριέλῃVD APS3S · ἔρχομαι + περιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπεριέλῃ: 'περιέλῃ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
βδελύγματαβδελύγματαN3M APN · βδέλυγμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusβδελύγματα: 'βδελύγματα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐκ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
στόματοςστόματοςN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationστόματος: 'στόματος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
προσώπουπροσώπουN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπροσώπου: 'προσώπου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
εὐλαβηθῇεὐλαβηθῇVC APS3S · εὐλαβέομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεὐλαβηθῇ: 'εὐλαβηθῇ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
2
καὶ ὀμόσῃ ζῇ κύριος μετὰ ἀληθείας καὶ ἐν κρίσει καὶ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ εὐλογήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῇ ἔθνη καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ αἰνέσουσιν τῷ θεῷ ἐν Ιερουσαλημ
and if he swears, 'The Lord lives,' with truth and with judgment and with righteousness, then the nations shall bless in him and in him they shall praise God in Jerusalem.
True repentance would make Israel a vehicle of international blessing through truthful and just covenant life.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ὀμόσῃὀμόσῃVF FMI2S · ὄμνυμιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealὀμόσῃ: 'ὀμόσῃ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ζῇζῇV3 PAI3S · ζάωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealζῇ: 'ζῇ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingμετὰ: preposition meaning 'with'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ἀληθείαςἀληθείαςN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἀληθείας: 'ἀληθείας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
κρίσεικρίσειN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusκρίσει: 'κρίσει'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
δικαιοσύνῃδικαιοσύνῃN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusδικαιοσύνῃ: 'δικαιοσύνῃ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εὐλογήσουσινεὐλογήσουσινVF FAI3P · εὐλογέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεὐλογήσουσιν: 'εὐλογήσουσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
αὐτῇαὐτῇRD DSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῇ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'αὐτῇ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἔθνη: 'nations'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῷ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'him'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
αἰνέσουσιναἰνέσουσινVF FAI3P · αἰνέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealαἰνέσουσιν: 'αἰνέσουσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῷ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θεῷθεῷN2 DSM · θεόςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusθεῷ: 'θεῷ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙερουσαλημ: 'Jerusalem'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
3
ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος τοῖς ἀνδράσιν Ιουδα καὶ τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ιερουσαλημ νεώσατε ἑαυτοῖς νεώματα καὶ μὴ σπείρητε ἐπ' ἀκάνθαις
For thus says the Lord to the men of Judah and to those dwelling in Jerusalem: Break up for yourselves new ground, and do not sow among thorns.
Judah is called to a radical fresh beginning rather than superficial continuation.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τάδετάδεRD APN · ὅδεpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusτάδε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'τάδε'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀνδράσινἀνδράσινN3 DPM · ἀνήρdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἀνδράσιν: 'ἀνδράσιν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙουδα: 'Judah'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κατοικοῦσινκατοικοῦσινV2 · παπδπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκατοικοῦσιν: 'κατοικοῦσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙερουσαλημ: 'Jerusalem'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
νεώσατενεώσατεVA AAD2P · νεόωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealνεώσατε: 'νεώσατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἑαυτοῖςἑαυτοῖςRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἑαυτοῖς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἑαυτοῖς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
νεώματανεώματαN3M APN · νέωμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusνεώματα: 'νεώματα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
μὴnotD · μήparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingμὴ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σπείρητεσπείρητεVA AAS2P · σπείρωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσπείρητε: 'σπείρητε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπ'ἐπ'P · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπ': preposition meaning 'ἐπ''; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ἀκάνθαιςἀκάνθαιςN1A DPF · ἄκανθαdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἀκάνθαις: 'ἀκάνθαις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
4
περιτμήθητε τῷ θεῷ ὑμῶν καὶ περιτέμεσθε τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν ἄνδρες Ιουδα καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Ιερουσαλημ μὴ ἐξέλθῃ ὡς πῦρ ὁ θυμός μου καὶ ἐκκαυθήσεται καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ σβέσων ἀπὸ προσώπου πονηρίας ἐπιτηδευμάτων ὑμῶν
Be circumcised to your God and circumcise your hard-heartedness, men of Judah and those dwelling in Jerusalem, lest my wrath go out like fire and burn, and there be no one to quench it, because of the presence of the wickedness of your practices.
The prophet moves from agricultural metaphor to interior covenant surgery, warning of unquenchable wrath if evil remains.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
περιτμήθητεπεριτμήθητεVC APD2P · τέμνω + περιverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealπεριτμήθητε: 'περιτμήθητε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῷ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θεῷθεῷN2 DSM · θεόςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusθεῷ: 'θεῷ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
περιτέμεσθεπεριτέμεσθεVB AMD2P · τέμνω + περιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπεριτέμεσθε: 'περιτέμεσθε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
σκληροκαρδίανσκληροκαρδίανN1A ASF · σκληροκαρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusσκληροκαρδίαν: 'σκληροκαρδίαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἄνδρεςἄνδρεςN3 VPM · ἀνήρvocative substantive naming the addressee directly→ direct addressἄνδρες: 'ἄνδρες'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙουδα: 'Judah'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationοἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κατοικοῦντεςκατοικοῦντεςV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκατοικοῦντες: 'κατοικοῦντες'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙερουσαλημ: 'Jerusalem'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μὴnotD · μήparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingμὴ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐξέλθῃἐξέλθῃVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐξέλθῃ: 'ἐξέλθῃ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὡς: connective meaning 'ὡς'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
πῦρfireN3 NSN · πῦρnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπῦρ: 'fire'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationὁ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θυμόςθυμόςN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusθυμός: 'θυμός'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐκκαυθήσεταιἐκκαυθήσεταιVC FPI3S · καίω + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐκκαυθήσεται: 'ἐκκαυθήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἔσταιἔσταιVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἔσται: 'ἔσται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationὁ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
σβέσωνσβέσωνVF · παπνσμ σβέννυμιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσβέσων: 'σβέσων'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
προσώπουπροσώπουN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπροσώπου: 'προσώπου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πονηρίαςπονηρίαςN1A GSF · πονηρίαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπονηρίας: 'πονηρίας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐπιτηδευμάτωνἐπιτηδευμάτωνN3M GPN · ἐπιτήδευμαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἐπιτηδευμάτων: 'ἐπιτηδευμάτων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
5
ἀναγγείλατε ἐν τῷ Ιουδα καὶ ἀκουσθήτω ἐν Ιερουσαλημ εἴπατε σημάνατε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς σάλπιγγι καὶ κεκράξατε μέγα εἴπατε συνάχθητε καὶ εἰσέλθωμεν εἰς τὰς πόλεις τὰς τειχήρεις
Declare in Judah and let it be heard in Jerusalem; say, sound the trumpet over the land, cry out loudly, say, 'Gather together and let us enter into the fortified cities.'
The tone shifts abruptly from possible repentance to full military warning.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἀναγγείλατεἀναγγείλατεVA AAD2P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἀναγγείλατε: 'ἀναγγείλατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῷ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΙουδαJudahN DSM · Ιουδαterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙουδα: 'Judah'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀκουσθήτωἀκουσθήτωVC APD3S · ἀκούωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀκουσθήτω: 'ἀκουσθήτω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙερουσαλημ: 'Jerusalem'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἴπατεεἴπατεVAI AAI2P · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἴπατε: 'εἴπατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
σημάνατεσημάνατεVA AAD2P · σημαίνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσημάνατε: 'σημάνατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γῆςγῆςN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationγῆς: 'γῆς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σάλπιγγισάλπιγγιN3G DSF · σάλπιγξdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusσάλπιγγι: 'σάλπιγγι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
κεκράξατεκεκράξατεVAI AAD2P · κράζωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκεκράξατε: 'κεκράξατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
μέγαμέγαA1P ASN · μέγαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusμέγα: 'μέγα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἴπατεεἴπατεVAI AAD2P · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἴπατε: 'εἴπατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
συνάχθητεσυνάχθητεVC APD2P · ἄγω + συνverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealσυνάχθητε: 'συνάχθητε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἰσέλθωμενεἰσέλθωμενVB AAS1P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἰσέλθωμεν: 'εἰσέλθωμεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπόλεις: 'cities'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
τειχήρειςτειχήρειςA3H APF · τειχήρηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusτειχήρεις: 'τειχήρεις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
6
ἀναλαβόντες φεύγετε εἰς Σιων σπεύσατε μὴ στῆτε ὅτι κακὰ ἐγὼ ἐπάγω ἀπὸ βορρᾶ καὶ συντριβὴν μεγάλην
Lift up the signal, flee to Zion, hurry, do not stand still, because I am bringing evils from the north and great destruction.
The north becomes the source of unstoppable disaster, and delay is forbidden.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἀναλαβόντεςἀναλαβόντεςVB · ααπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀναλαβόντες: 'ἀναλαβόντες'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
φεύγετεφεύγετεV1 PAD2P · φεύγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealφεύγετε: 'φεύγετε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΣιων: 'Zion'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σπεύσατεσπεύσατεVA AAD2P · σπεύδωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσπεύσατε: 'σπεύσατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
μὴnotD · μήparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingμὴ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
στῆτεστῆτεVH AAD2P · ἵστημιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealστῆτε: 'στῆτε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
κακὰκακὰA1 APN · κακόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκακὰ: 'κακὰ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐγὼἐγὼRP NS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐγὼ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐγὼ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐπάγωἐπάγωV1 PAI1S · ἄγω + ἐπιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπάγω: 'ἐπάγω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
βορρᾶβορρᾶN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationβορρᾶ: 'βορρᾶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
συντριβὴνσυντριβὴνN1 ASF · συντριβήaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusσυντριβὴν: 'συντριβὴν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μεγάληνμεγάληνA1 ASF · μέγαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusμεγάλην: 'μεγάλην'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
7
ἀνέβη λέων ἐκ τῆς μάνδρας αὐτοῦ ἐξολεθρεύων ἔθνη ἐξῆρεν καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεῖναι τὴν γῆν εἰς ἐρήμωσιν καὶ πόλεις καθαιρεθήσονται παρὰ τὸ μὴ κατοικεῖσθαι αὐτάς
A lion came up from his lair, destroying nations; he lifted himself up and came out from his place to make the land a desolation, and the cities shall be torn down so as not to be inhabited.
The coming conqueror is pictured as a lion whose rise empties land and city alike.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἀνέβηἀνέβηVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀνέβη: 'ἀνέβη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
λέωνλέωνN3W NSM · λέωνnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusλέων: 'λέων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐκ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
μάνδραςμάνδραςN1A GSF · μάνδραgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationμάνδρας: 'μάνδρας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐξολεθρεύωνἐξολεθρεύωνV1 · παπνσμ ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐξολεθρεύων: 'ἐξολεθρεύων'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἔθνη: 'nations'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐξῆρενἐξῆρενVAI AAI3S · αἴρω + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐξῆρεν: 'ἐξῆρεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐξῆλθενἐξῆλθενVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐξῆλθεν: 'ἐξῆλθεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐκ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
τόπουτόπουN2 GSM · τόποςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationτόπου: 'τόπου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θεῖναιθεῖναιVE AAN · τίθημιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealθεῖναι: 'θεῖναι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusγῆν: 'land'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ἐρήμωσινἐρήμωσινN3I ASF · ἐρήμωσιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἐρήμωσιν: 'ἐρήμωσιν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπόλεις: 'cities'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καθαιρεθήσονταικαθαιρεθήσονταιVC FPI3P · αἱρέω + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκαθαιρεθήσονται: 'καθαιρεθήσονται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
παρὰπαρὰP · παράpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπαρὰ: preposition meaning 'παρὰ'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
μὴnotD · μήparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingμὴ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κατοικεῖσθαικατοικεῖσθαιV2 PMN · οἰκέω + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκατοικεῖσθαι: 'κατοικεῖσθαι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
αὐτάςαὐτάςRD APF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτάς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'αὐτάς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
8
ἐπὶ τούτοις περιζώσασθε σάκκους καὶ κόπτεσθε καὶ ἀλαλάξατε διότι οὐκ ἀπεστράφη ὁ θυμὸς κυρίου ἀφ' ὑμῶν
For these things gird yourselves with sackcloth, lament and howl, because the wrath of the Lord has not turned away from you.
Since wrath remains active, the proper response is ritual grief rather than denial.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τούτοιςτούτοιςRD DPM · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusτούτοις: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'τούτοις'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
περιζώσασθεπεριζώσασθεVA AMD2P · ζώννυμι + περιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπεριζώσασθε: 'περιζώσασθε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
σάκκουςσάκκουςN2 APM · σάκκοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusσάκκους: 'σάκκους'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
κόπτεσθεκόπτεσθεV1 PMD2P · κόπτωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκόπτεσθε: 'κόπτεσθε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀλαλάξατεἀλαλάξατεVA AAD2P · ἀλαλάζωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀλαλάξατε: 'ἀλαλάξατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
διότιδιότιC · διότιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionδιότι: connective meaning 'διότι'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀπεστράφηἀπεστράφηVDI API3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀπεστράφη: 'ἀπεστράφη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationὁ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θυμὸςθυμὸςN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusθυμὸς: 'θυμὸς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκυρίου: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀφ'ἀφ'P · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀφ': preposition meaning 'ἀφ''; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
9
καὶ ἔσται ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ λέγει κύριος ἀπολεῖται ἡ καρδία τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἡ καρδία τῶν ἀρχόντων καὶ οἱ ἱερεῖς ἐκστήσονται καὶ οἱ προφῆται θαυμάσονται
And it shall be in that day, says the Lord, the heart of the king shall perish and the heart of the rulers; the priests shall be astonished and the prophets shall wonder.
Every public rank is depicted as inwardly collapsing before the scale of the judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἔσταιἔσταιVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἔσται: 'ἔσται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ἐκείνῃἐκείνῃRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐκείνῃ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐκείνῃ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
τῇτῇRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῇ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἡμέρᾳἡμέρᾳN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἡμέρᾳ: 'ἡμέρᾳ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀπολεῖταιἀπολεῖταιVF2 FMI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀπολεῖται: 'ἀπολεῖται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καρδίακαρδίαN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκαρδία: 'καρδία'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
βασιλέωςβασιλέωςN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationβασιλέως: 'βασιλέως'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καρδίακαρδίαN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκαρδία: 'καρδία'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῶν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀρχόντωνἀρχόντωνN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἀρχόντων: 'ἀρχόντων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationοἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἱερεῖςἱερεῖςN3V NPM · ἱερεύςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἱερεῖς: 'ἱερεῖς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκστήσονταιἐκστήσονταιVF FMI3P · ἵστημι + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐκστήσονται: 'ἐκστήσονται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationοἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
προφῆταιπροφῆταιN1M NPM · προφήτηςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπροφῆται: 'προφῆται'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
θαυμάσονταιθαυμάσονταιVF FMI3P · θαυμάζωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealθαυμάσονται: 'θαυμάσονται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
10
καὶ εἶπα ὦ δέσποτα κύριε ἄρα γε ἀπατῶν ἠπάτησας τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον καὶ τὴν Ιερουσαλημ λέγων εἰρήνη ἔσται ὑμῖν καὶ ἰδοὺ ἥψατο ἡ μάχαιρα ἕως τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῶν
And I said, 'O Master, Lord, surely by deceiving you deceived this people and Jerusalem, saying, Peace shall be for you'; and behold, the sword touched even to their soul.
Jeremiah voices bewilderment at peace-talk shattered by mortal violence.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἶπαεἶπαVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶπα: 'εἶπα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὦὦI · ὦparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingὦ: 'ὦ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
δέσποταδέσποταN1M VSM · δεσπότηςvocative substantive naming the addressee directly→ direct addressδέσποτα: 'δέσποτα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative substantive naming the addressee directly→ direct addressκύριε: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἄραἄραX · ἄραparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἄρα: 'ἄρα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
γεγεX · γέparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingγε: 'γε'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀπατῶνἀπατῶνV3 · παπνσμ ἀπατάωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀπατῶν: 'ἀπατῶν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἠπάτησαςἠπάτησαςVAI AAI2S · ἀπατάωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἠπάτησας: 'ἠπάτησας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
λαὸνλαὸνN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusλαὸν: 'λαὸν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦτοντοῦτονRD ASM · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusτοῦτον: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'τοῦτον'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙερουσαλημ: 'Jerusalem'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
λέγωνλέγωνV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγων: 'λέγων'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰρήνηεἰρήνηN1 NSF · εἰρήνηnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusεἰρήνη: 'εἰρήνη'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἔσταιἔσταιVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἔσται: 'ἔσται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμῖν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'to you'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἰδοὺ: 'behold'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἥψατοἥψατοVAI AMI3S · ἅπτομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἥψατο: 'ἥψατο'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
μάχαιραμάχαιραN1A NSF · μάχαιραnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusμάχαιρα: 'μάχαιρα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἕως: preposition meaning 'until'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ψυχῆςψυχῆςN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationψυχῆς: 'ψυχῆς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
11
ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ ἐροῦσιν τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ καὶ τῇ Ιερουσαλημ πνεῦμα πλανήσεως ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ ὁδὸς τῆς θυγατρὸς τοῦ λαοῦ μου οὐκ εἰς καθαρὸν οὐδ' εἰς ἅγιον
At that time they shall say to this people and to Jerusalem: A spirit of wandering in the wilderness, the way of the daughter of my people, not for cleansing nor for holiness,
The coming wind is not a gentle purifying breeze but a destructive force aimed at the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῷ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καιρῷκαιρῷN2 DSM · καιρόςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusκαιρῷ: 'καιρῷ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκείνῳἐκείνῳRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐκείνῳ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐκείνῳ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐροῦσινἐροῦσινVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐροῦσιν: 'ἐροῦσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῷ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
λαῷλαῷN2 DSM · λαόςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusλαῷ: 'λαῷ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τούτῳτούτῳRD DSM · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusτούτῳ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'τούτῳ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τῇτῇRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῇ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙερουσαλημ: 'Jerusalem'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πνεῦμαπνεῦμαN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπνεῦμα: 'πνεῦμα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πλανήσεωςπλανήσεωςN3I GSF · πλάνησιςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπλανήσεως: 'πλανήσεως'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῇτῇRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῇ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἐρήμῳἐρήμῳN2 DSF · ἔρημοςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἐρήμῳ: 'ἐρήμῳ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὁδὸςὁδὸςN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusὁδὸς: 'ὁδὸς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θυγατρὸςθυγατρὸςN3 GSF · θυγάτηρgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationθυγατρὸς: 'θυγατρὸς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
λαοῦλαοῦN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationλαοῦ: 'λαοῦ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
καθαρὸνκαθαρὸνA1A ASN · καθαρόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκαθαρὸν: 'καθαρὸν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οὐδ'οὐδ'C · οὐδέconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionοὐδ': connective meaning 'οὐδ''; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ἅγιονἅγιονA1A ASN · ἅγιοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἅγιον: 'ἅγιον'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
12
πνεῦμα πληρώσεως ἥξει μοι νῦν δὲ ἐγὼ λαλῶ κρίματα πρὸς αὐτούς
a wind of fullness shall come to me; now I also will speak judgments against them.
The threatening wind is explicitly tied to God's own judicial speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πνεῦμαπνεῦμαN3M ASN · πνεῦμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπνεῦμα: 'πνεῦμα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πληρώσεωςπληρώσεωςN3I GSF · πλήρωσιςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπληρώσεως: 'πληρώσεως'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἥξειἥξειVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἥξει: 'ἥξει'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
μοιμοιRP DS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμοι: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'μοι'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
νῦννῦνD · νῦνparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingνῦν: 'νῦν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
δὲδὲX · δέparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingδὲ: 'δὲ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐγὼἐγὼRP NS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐγὼ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐγὼ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
λαλῶλαλῶV2 PAI1S · λαλέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλαλῶ: 'λαλῶ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κρίματακρίματαN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκρίματα: 'κρίματα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρὸς: preposition meaning 'to'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτούς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'them'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
13
ἰδοὺ ὡς νεφέλη ἀναβήσεται καὶ ὡς καταιγὶς τὰ ἅρματα αὐτοῦ κουφότεροι ἀετῶν οἱ ἵπποι αὐτοῦ οὐαὶ ἡμῖν ὅτι ταλαιπωροῦμεν
Behold, like a cloud he will ascend, and his chariots will be like a storm; his horses are swifter than eagles. Woe to us, because we are miserable.
The enemy host arrives with meteorological and animal speed imagery that wrings out a communal cry of doom.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἰδοὺ: 'behold'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὡς: connective meaning 'ὡς'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
νεφέληνεφέληN1 NSF · νεφέληnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusνεφέλη: 'νεφέλη'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀναβήσεταιἀναβήσεταιVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀναβήσεται: 'ἀναβήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὡς: connective meaning 'ὡς'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
καταιγὶςκαταιγὶςN3D NSF · καταιγίςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκαταιγὶς: 'καταιγὶς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἅρματαἅρματαN3M NPN · ἅρμαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἅρματα: 'ἅρματα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
κουφότεροικουφότεροιA1 NPMC · κοῦφοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκουφότεροι: 'κουφότεροι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀετῶνἀετῶνN2 GPM · ἀετόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἀετῶν: 'ἀετῶν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationοἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἵπποιἵπποιN2 NPM · ἵπποςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἵπποι: 'ἵπποι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οὐαὶοὐαὶI · οὐαίparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐαὶ: 'οὐαὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῖνἡμῖνRP DP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῖν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἡμῖν'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ταλαιπωροῦμενταλαιπωροῦμενV2 PAI1P · ταλαιπωρέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealταλαιπωροῦμεν: 'ταλαιπωροῦμεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
14
ἀπόπλυνε ἀπὸ κακίας τὴν καρδίαν σου Ιερουσαλημ ἵνα σωθῇς ἕως πότε ὑπάρξουσιν ἐν σοὶ διαλογισμοὶ πόνων σου
Wash your heart from wickedness, O Jerusalem, that you may be saved. How long shall thoughts of your labors remain within you?
Even amid the invasion vision, Jerusalem is still urged toward inner cleansing as the only path to life.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἀπόπλυνεἀπόπλυνεV1 PAD2S · πλύνω + ἀποverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἀπόπλυνε: 'ἀπόπλυνε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
κακίαςκακίαςN1A GSF · κακίαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκακίας: 'κακίας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκαρδίαν: 'heart'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN VSF · Ἰερουσαλήμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙερουσαλημ: 'Jerusalem'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἵναἵναC · ἵναconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionἵνα: connective meaning 'ἵνα'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
σωθῇςσωθῇςVC APS2S · σώζωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσωθῇς: 'σωθῇς'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἕως: preposition meaning 'until'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πότεπότεD · πότεparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingπότε: 'πότε'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὑπάρξουσινὑπάρξουσινVF FAI3P · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealὑπάρξουσιν: 'ὑπάρξουσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
σοὶσοὶRP DS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσοὶ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'σοὶ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
διαλογισμοὶδιαλογισμοὶN2 NPM · διαλογισμόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusδιαλογισμοὶ: 'διαλογισμοὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πόνωνπόνωνN2 GPM · πόνοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπόνων: 'πόνων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
15
διότι φωνὴ ἀναγγέλλοντος ἐκ Δαν ἥξει καὶ ἀκουσθήσεται πόνος ἐξ ὄρους Εφραιμ
For a voice of one announcing will come from Dan, and affliction will be heard from the hill country of Ephraim.
The geographic line of warning advances steadily southward toward Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
διότιδιότιC · διότιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionδιότι: connective meaning 'διότι'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
φωνὴvoiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusφωνὴ: 'voice'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀναγγέλλοντοςἀναγγέλλοντοςV1 · παπγσμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀναγγέλλοντος: 'ἀναγγέλλοντος'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐκ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ΔανΔανN GSM · Δανterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΔαν: 'Δαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἥξειἥξειVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἥξει: 'ἥξει'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀκουσθήσεταιἀκουσθήσεταιVC FPI3S · ἀκούωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀκουσθήσεται: 'ἀκουσθήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πόνοςπόνοςN2 NSM · πόνοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπόνος: 'πόνος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐξ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ὄρουςὄρουςN3E GSN · ὄροςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationὄρους: 'ὄρους'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΕφραιμΕφραιμN GSM · Ἐφράιμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΕφραιμ: 'Εφραιμ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
16
ἀναμνήσατε ἔθνη ἰδοὺ ἥκασιν ἀναγγείλατε ἐν Ιερουσαλημ συστροφαὶ ἔρχονται ἐκ γῆς μακρόθεν καὶ ἔδωκαν ἐπὶ τὰς πόλεις Ιουδα φωνὴν αὐτῶν
Remind the nations; behold, they have come. Announce in Jerusalem: Encircling bands are coming from a distant land, and they have raised their voice against the cities of Judah.
Foreign besiegers are now no longer hypothetical but already raising their cry around Judah's cities.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἀναμνήσατεἀναμνήσατεVA AAD2P · μιμνήσκω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀναμνήσατε: 'ἀναμνήσατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἔθνη: 'nations'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἰδοὺ: 'behold'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἥκασινἥκασινV1 PAI3P · ἥκωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἥκασιν: 'ἥκασιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀναγγείλατεἀναγγείλατεVA AAD2P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἀναγγείλατε: 'ἀναγγείλατε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙερουσαλημ: 'Jerusalem'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
συστροφαὶσυστροφαὶN1 NPF · συστροφήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusσυστροφαὶ: 'συστροφαὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἔρχονταιἔρχονταιV1 PMI3P · ἔρχομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἔρχονται: 'ἔρχονται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐκ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
γῆςγῆςN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationγῆς: 'γῆς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μακρόθενμακρόθενD · μακρόθενparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingμακρόθεν: 'μακρόθεν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἔδωκανἔδωκανVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἔδωκαν: 'ἔδωκαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπόλεις: 'cities'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙουδα: 'Judah'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusφωνὴν: 'voice'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
17
ὡς φυλάσσοντες ἀγρὸν ἐγένοντο ἐπ' αὐτὴν κύκλῳ ὅτι ἐμοῦ ἠμέλησας λέγει κύριος
Like keepers of a field they were against her all around, because you neglected me, says the Lord.
The siege is interpreted as the direct consequence of covenant neglect.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὡς: connective meaning 'ὡς'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
φυλάσσοντεςφυλάσσοντεςV1 · παπνπμ φυλάσσωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealφυλάσσοντες: 'φυλάσσοντες'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀγρὸνἀγρὸνN2 ASM · ἀγρόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἀγρὸν: 'ἀγρὸν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐγένοντοἐγένοντοVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐγένοντο: 'ἐγένοντο'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπ'ἐπ'P · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπ': preposition meaning 'ἐπ''; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτὴν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
κύκλῳκύκλῳN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusκύκλῳ: 'κύκλῳ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐμοῦἐμοῦRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐμοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐμοῦ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἠμέλησαςἠμέλησαςVAI AAI2S · ἀμελέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἠμέλησας: 'ἠμέλησας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
18
αἱ ὁδοί σου καὶ τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματά σου ἐποίησαν ταῦτά σοι αὕτη ἡ κακία σου ὅτι πικρά ὅτι ἥψατο ἕως τῆς καρδίας σου
Your ways and your practices did these things to you; this is your wickedness, because it is bitter, because it touched even to your heart.
Judgment is personalized as the bitter fruit of Judah's own conduct reaching into the heart.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
αἱαἱRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationαἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ὁδοίὁδοίN2 NPF · ὁδόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusὁδοί: 'ὁδοί'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἐπιτηδεύματάἐπιτηδεύματάN3M NPN · ἐπιτήδευμαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἐπιτηδεύματά: 'ἐπιτηδεύματά'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐποίησανἐποίησανVAI AAI3P · ποιέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐποίησαν: 'ἐποίησαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ταῦτάταῦτάRD APN · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusταῦτά: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ταῦτά'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσοι: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'to you'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
αὕτηαὕτηRD NSF · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὕτη: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'αὕτη'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κακίακακίαN1A NSF · κακίαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκακία: 'κακία'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
πικράπικράA1A NSF · πικρόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπικρά: 'πικρά'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἥψατοἥψατοVAI AMI3S · ἅπτομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἥψατο: 'ἥψατο'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἕως: preposition meaning 'until'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκαρδίας: 'heart'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
19
τὴν κοιλίαν μου τὴν κοιλίαν μου ἀλγῶ καὶ τὰ αἰσθητήρια τῆς καρδίας μου μαιμάσσει ἡ ψυχή μου σπαράσσεται ἡ καρδία μου οὐ σιωπήσομαι ὅτι φωνὴν σάλπιγγος ἤκουσεν ἡ ψυχή μου κραυγὴν πολέμου
My belly, my belly, I am in pain, and the senses of my heart make my soul tremble; my heart is torn within me, I will not be silent, because my soul heard the sound of a trumpet, the cry of war.
Jeremiah internalizes the coming catastrophe with bodily, emotional, and auditory pain.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κοιλίανκοιλίανN1A ASF · κοιλίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκοιλίαν: 'κοιλίαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κοιλίανκοιλίανN1A ASF · κοιλίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκοιλίαν: 'κοιλίαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἀλγῶἀλγῶV2 PAI1S · ἀλγέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀλγῶ: 'ἀλγῶ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
αἰσθητήριααἰσθητήριαN2N APN · αἰσθητήριονaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusαἰσθητήρια: 'αἰσθητήρια'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκαρδίας: 'heart'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
μαιμάσσειμαιμάσσειV1 PAI3S · μαιμάσσωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealμαιμάσσει: 'μαιμάσσει'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusψυχή: 'soul'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
σπαράσσεταισπαράσσεταιV1 PMI3S · σπαράσσωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσπαράσσεται: 'σπαράσσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καρδίακαρδίαN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκαρδία: 'καρδία'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σιωπήσομαισιωπήσομαιVF FMI1S · σιωπάωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσιωπήσομαι: 'σιωπήσομαι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusφωνὴν: 'voice'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σάλπιγγοςtrumpetN3G GSF · σάλπιγξgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationσάλπιγγος: 'trumpet'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἤκουσενἤκουσενVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἤκουσεν: 'ἤκουσεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusψυχή: 'soul'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
κραυγὴνκραυγὴνN1 ASF · κραυγήaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκραυγὴν: 'κραυγὴν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πολέμουπολέμουN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπολέμου: 'πολέμου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
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καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν συντριμμὸν ἐπικαλεῖται ὅτι τεταλαιπώρηκεν πᾶσα ἡ γῆ ἄφνω τεταλαιπώρηκεν ἡ σκηνή διεσπάσθησαν αἱ δέρρεις μου
Affliction calls for crushing upon crushing, because the whole land has been laid waste; suddenly my tent has been laid waste, my curtains were torn apart.
The devastation expands from the land as a whole to the prophet's own symbolic dwelling.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ταλαιπωρίανταλαιπωρίανN1A ASF · ταλαιπωρίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusταλαιπωρίαν: 'ταλαιπωρίαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
συντριμμὸνσυντριμμὸνN2 ASM · συντριμμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusσυντριμμὸν: 'συντριμμὸν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐπικαλεῖταιἐπικαλεῖταιV2 PMI3S · καλέω + ἐπιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπικαλεῖται: 'ἐπικαλεῖται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τεταλαιπώρηκεντεταλαιπώρηκενVX XAI3S · ταλαιπωρέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealτεταλαιπώρηκεν: 'τεταλαιπώρηκεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πᾶσαπᾶσαA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπᾶσα: 'πᾶσα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusγῆ: 'land'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἄφνωἄφνωD · ἄφνωparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἄφνω: 'ἄφνω'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τεταλαιπώρηκεντεταλαιπώρηκενVX XAI3S · ταλαιπωρέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealτεταλαιπώρηκεν: 'τεταλαιπώρηκεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
σκηνήσκηνήN1 NSF · σκηνήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusσκηνή: 'σκηνή'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
διεσπάσθησανδιεσπάσθησανVSI API3P · σπάω + διαverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealδιεσπάσθησαν: 'διεσπάσθησαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
αἱαἱRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationαἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
δέρρειςδέρρειςN3I NPF · δέρριςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusδέρρεις: 'δέρρεις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
21
ἕως πότε ὄψομαι φεύγοντας ἀκούων φωνὴν σαλπίγγων
How long shall I see fugitives and hear the sound of trumpets?
The prophet's anguish becomes a weary question about the duration of war's spectacle.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἕως: preposition meaning 'until'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πότεπότεD · πότεparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingπότε: 'πότε'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὄψομαιὄψομαιVF FMI1S · ὁράωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealὄψομαι: 'ὄψομαι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
φεύγονταςφεύγονταςV1 · παπαπμ φεύγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealφεύγοντας: 'φεύγοντας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀκούωνἀκούωνV1 · παπνσμ ἀκούωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀκούων: 'ἀκούων'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusφωνὴν: 'voice'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σαλπίγγωνσαλπίγγωνN3G GPF · σάλπιγξgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationσαλπίγγων: 'σαλπίγγων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
22
διότι οἱ ἡγούμενοι τοῦ λαοῦ μου ἐμὲ οὐκ ᾔδεισαν υἱοὶ ἄφρονές εἰσιν καὶ οὐ συνετοί σοφοί εἰσιν τοῦ κακοποιῆσαι τὸ δὲ καλῶς ποιῆσαι οὐκ ἐπέγνωσαν
Because the leaders of my people did not know me; they are foolish sons and not understanding; they are wise to do evil, but to do good they did not know.
The root problem is not lack of cleverness but perverse wisdom trained only in evil.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
διότιδιότιC · διότιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionδιότι: connective meaning 'διότι'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationοἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἡγούμενοιἡγούμενοιV2 · πμπνπμ ἡγέομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἡγούμενοι: 'ἡγούμενοι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
λαοῦλαοῦN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationλαοῦ: 'λαοῦ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐμὲἐμὲRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐμὲ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐμὲ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ᾔδεισανᾔδεισανVXI YAI3P · οἶδαverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealᾔδεισαν: 'ᾔδεισαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
υἱοὶυἱοὶN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusυἱοὶ: 'υἱοὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἄφρονέςἄφρονέςA3N NPM · ἄφρωνnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἄφρονές: 'ἄφρονές'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἰσινεἰσινV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἰσιν: 'εἰσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
συνετοίσυνετοίA1 NPM · συνετόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusσυνετοί: 'συνετοί'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σοφοίσοφοίA1 NPM · σοφόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusσοφοί: 'σοφοί'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἰσινεἰσινV9 PAI3P · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἰσιν: 'εἰσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κακοποιῆσαικακοποιῆσαιVA AAN · κακοποιέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκακοποιῆσαι: 'κακοποιῆσαι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
δὲδὲX · δέparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingδὲ: 'δὲ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καλῶςκαλῶςD · καλῶςparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingκαλῶς: 'καλῶς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ποιῆσαιποιῆσαιVA AAN · ποιέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealποιῆσαι: 'ποιῆσαι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐπέγνωσανἐπέγνωσανVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπέγνωσαν: 'ἐπέγνωσαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
23
ἐπέβλεψα ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐθέν καὶ εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν καὶ οὐκ ἦν τὰ φῶτα αὐτοῦ
I looked upon the earth, and behold, it was nothing; and to the heaven, and its lights were not there.
The vision reaches cosmic proportions, as though creation itself were reversing.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐπέβλεψαἐπέβλεψαVAI AAI1S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπέβλεψα: 'ἐπέβλεψα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusγῆν: 'land'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἰδοὺ: 'behold'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οὐθένοὐθένA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusοὐθέν: 'οὐθέν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
οὐρανόνοὐρανόνN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusοὐρανόν: 'οὐρανόν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἦνἦνV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἦν: 'ἦν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
φῶταφῶταN3T NPN · φῶςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusφῶτα: 'φῶτα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
24
εἶδον τὰ ὄρη καὶ ἦν τρέμοντα καὶ πάντας τοὺς βουνοὺς ταρασσομένους
I saw the mountains, and they were trembling, and all the hills were shaken.
Stable creation now quakes under the force of divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
εἶδονεἶδονVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶδον: 'εἶδον'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ὄρηmountainsN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusὄρη: 'mountains'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἦνἦνV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἦν: 'ἦν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τρέμοντατρέμονταV1 · παπνπν τρέμωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealτρέμοντα: 'τρέμοντα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
πάνταςπάνταςA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπάντας: 'πάντας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοὺς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
βουνοὺςβουνοὺςN2 APM · βουνόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusβουνοὺς: 'βουνοὺς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ταρασσομένουςταρασσομένουςV1 · παπαπμ ταράσσωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealταρασσομένους: 'ταρασσομένους'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
25
ἐπέβλεψα καὶ ἰδοὺ οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος καὶ πάντα τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπτοεῖτο
I looked, and behold, there was no human being, and all the birds of heaven were terrified.
Human absence and avian flight show the breadth of devastation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐπέβλεψαἐπέβλεψαVAI AAI1S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπέβλεψα: 'ἐπέβλεψα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἰδοὺ: 'behold'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἦνἦνV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἦν: 'ἦν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἄνθρωποςἄνθρωποςN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἄνθρωπος: 'ἄνθρωπος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
πάνταπάνταA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπάντα: 'πάντα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πετεινὰπετεινὰN2N NPN · πετεινόνnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπετεινὰ: 'πετεινὰ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
οὐρανοῦοὐρανοῦN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationοὐρανοῦ: 'οὐρανοῦ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐπτοεῖτοἐπτοεῖτοV2I IMI3S · πτοέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπτοεῖτο: 'ἐπτοεῖτο'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
26
εἶδον καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁ Κάρμηλος ἔρημος καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις ἐμπεπυρισμέναι πυρὶ ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου καὶ ἀπὸ προσώπου ὀργῆς θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ ἠφανίσθησαν
I looked, and behold, Carmel was a wilderness, and all the cities were burned with fire; from before the face of the Lord and from before the face of his angry wrath they disappeared.
Fertility, urban life, and ordinary settlement collapse before divine wrath.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
εἶδονεἶδονVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶδον: 'εἶδον'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἰδοὺ: 'behold'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationὁ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΚάρμηλοςΚάρμηλοςN2 NSM · Κάρμηλοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusΚάρμηλος: 'Κάρμηλος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἔρημοςἔρημοςN2 NSF · ἔρημοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἔρημος: 'ἔρημος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
πᾶσαιπᾶσαιA1S NPF · πᾶςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπᾶσαι: 'πᾶσαι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αἱαἱRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationαἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπόλεις: 'cities'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐμπεπυρισμέναιἐμπεπυρισμέναιVT · χππνπφ πυρίζω + ἐνverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐμπεπυρισμέναι: 'ἐμπεπυρισμέναι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πυρὶπυρὶN3 DSN · πῦρdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusπυρὶ: 'πυρὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
προσώπουπροσώπουN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπροσώπου: 'προσώπου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκυρίου: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
προσώπουπροσώπουN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπροσώπου: 'προσώπου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὀργῆςὀργῆςN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationὀργῆς: 'ὀργῆς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
θυμοῦθυμοῦN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationθυμοῦ: 'θυμοῦ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἠφανίσθησανἠφανίσθησανVSI API3P · ἵζω + ἀπο + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἠφανίσθησαν: 'ἠφανίσθησαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
27
τάδε λέγει κύριος ἔρημος ἔσται πᾶσα ἡ γῆ συντέλειαν δὲ οὐ μὴ ποιήσω
Thus says the Lord: The whole land shall be a desolation, but I will not make a full end.
Total devastation is announced, yet complete annihilation is withheld.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τάδετάδεRD APN · ὅδεpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusτάδε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'τάδε'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἔρημοςἔρημοςN2 NSF · ἔρημοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἔρημος: 'ἔρημος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἔσταιἔσταιVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἔσται: 'ἔσται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πᾶσαπᾶσαA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπᾶσα: 'πᾶσα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusγῆ: 'land'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
συντέλειανσυντέλειανN1A ASF · συντέλειαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusσυντέλειαν: 'συντέλειαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
δὲδὲX · δέparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingδὲ: 'δὲ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μὴnotD · μήparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingμὴ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ποιήσωποιήσωVF FAI1S · ποιέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealποιήσω: 'ποιήσω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
28
ἐπὶ τούτοις πενθείτω ἡ γῆ καὶ συσκοτασάτω ὁ οὐρανὸς ἄνωθεν διότι ἐλάλησα καὶ οὐ μετανοήσω ὥρμησα καὶ οὐκ ἀποστρέψω ἀπ' αὐτῆς
For these things let the earth mourn, and let the heaven above be dark, because I have spoken and will not repent; I have rushed forth and will not turn back from it.
Creation itself is summoned to lament because God's announced judgment will stand.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τούτοιςτούτοιςRD DPM · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusτούτοις: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'τούτοις'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
πενθείτωπενθείτωV2 PAD3S · πενθέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπενθείτω: 'πενθείτω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusγῆ: 'land'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
συσκοτασάτωσυσκοτασάτωVA AAD3S · συσκοτάζωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσυσκοτασάτω: 'συσκοτασάτω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationὁ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
οὐρανὸςοὐρανὸςN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusοὐρανὸς: 'οὐρανὸς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἄνωθενἄνωθενD · ἄνωθενparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἄνωθεν: 'ἄνωθεν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
διότιδιότιC · διότιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionδιότι: connective meaning 'διότι'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐλάλησαἐλάλησαVAI AAI1S · λαλέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐλάλησα: 'ἐλάλησα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μετανοήσωμετανοήσωVF FAI1S · νοέω + μεταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealμετανοήσω: 'μετανοήσω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὥρμησαὥρμησαVAI AAI1S · ὁρμάωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealὥρμησα: 'ὥρμησα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀποστρέψωἀποστρέψωVF FAI1S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀποστρέψω: 'ἀποστρέψω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀπ'ἀπ'P · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπ': preposition meaning 'ἀπ''; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῆς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
29
ἀπὸ φωνῆς ἱππέως καὶ ἐντεταμένου τόξου ἀνεχώρησεν πᾶσα χώρα εἰσέδυσαν εἰς τὰ σπήλαια καὶ εἰς τὰ ἄλση ἐκρύβησαν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς πέτρας ἀνέβησαν πᾶσα πόλις ἐγκατελείφθη οὐ κατοικεῖ ἐν αὐταῖς ἄνθρωπος
From the sound of horseman and bent bow every country withdrew; they entered caves and hid in groves and climbed upon rocks. Every city was abandoned; no human being dwells in them.
The land empties as people scatter into every possible refuge.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
φωνῆςφωνῆςN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationφωνῆς: 'φωνῆς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἱππέωςἱππέωςN3V GSM · ἱππεύςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἱππέως: 'ἱππέως'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐντεταμένουἐντεταμένουVM · χππγσμ τείνω + ἐνverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐντεταμένου: 'ἐντεταμένου'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τόξουτόξουN2N GSN · τόξονgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationτόξου: 'τόξου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀνεχώρησενἀνεχώρησενVAI AAI3S · χωρέω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀνεχώρησεν: 'ἀνεχώρησεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πᾶσαπᾶσαA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπᾶσα: 'πᾶσα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
χώραχώραN1A NSF · χώραnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusχώρα: 'χώρα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἰσέδυσανεἰσέδυσανVAI AAI3P · δύω + εἰςverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἰσέδυσαν: 'εἰσέδυσαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
σπήλαιασπήλαιαN2N APN · σπήλαιονaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusσπήλαια: 'σπήλαια'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἄλσηἄλσηN3E APN · ἄλσοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἄλση: 'ἄλση'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκρύβησανἐκρύβησανVDI API3P · κρύπτωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐκρύβησαν: 'ἐκρύβησαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πέτραςπέτραςN1A APF · πέτραaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπέτρας: 'πέτρας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀνέβησανἀνέβησανVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀνέβησαν: 'ἀνέβησαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πᾶσαπᾶσαA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπᾶσα: 'πᾶσα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πόλιςπόλιςN3I NSF · πόλιςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπόλις: 'πόλις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐγκατελείφθηἐγκατελείφθηVVI API3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐγκατελείφθη: 'ἐγκατελείφθη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κατοικεῖκατοικεῖV2 PAI3S · οἰκέω + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκατοικεῖ: 'κατοικεῖ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
αὐταῖςαὐταῖςRD DPF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐταῖς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'αὐταῖς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἄνθρωποςἄνθρωποςN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἄνθρωπος: 'ἄνθρωπος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
30
καὶ σὺ τί ποιήσεις ἐὰν περιβάλῃ κόκκινον καὶ κοσμήσῃ κόσμῳ χρυσῷ καὶ ἐὰν ἐγχρίσῃ στίβι τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου εἰς μάτην ὁ ὡραϊσμός σου ἀπώσαντό σε οἱ ἐρασταί σου τὴν ψυχήν σου ζητοῦσιν
And you, what will you do if you put on scarlet and adorn yourself with ornaments of gold and if you anoint your eyes with antimony? In vain is your beautifying; your lovers rejected you; they seek your life.
Jerusalem's attempts to seduce or secure allies are exposed as useless cosmetics before death-seeking lovers.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
σὺσὺRP NS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσὺ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'σὺ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
τίτίRI ASN · τίςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusτί: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'τί'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ποιήσειςποιήσειςVF FAI2S · ποιέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealποιήσεις: 'ποιήσεις'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionἐὰν: connective meaning 'if'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
περιβάλῃπεριβάλῃVB AMS2S · βάλλω + περιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπεριβάλῃ: 'περιβάλῃ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κόκκινονκόκκινονA1 ASM · κόκκινοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκόκκινον: 'κόκκινον'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
κοσμήσῃκοσμήσῃVA AMS2S · κοσμέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκοσμήσῃ: 'κοσμήσῃ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κόσμῳκόσμῳN2 DSM · κόσμοςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusκόσμῳ: 'κόσμῳ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
χρυσῷχρυσῷA1C DSM · χρυσοῦςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusχρυσῷ: 'χρυσῷ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionἐὰν: connective meaning 'if'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐγχρίσῃἐγχρίσῃVA AMS2S · χρίω + ἐνverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐγχρίσῃ: 'ἐγχρίσῃ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
στίβιστίβιN3 DSN · στίβιdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusστίβι: 'στίβι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοὺς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ὀφθαλμούςὀφθαλμούςN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusὀφθαλμούς: 'ὀφθαλμούς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
μάτηνμάτηνD · μάτηνparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingμάτην: 'μάτην'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationὁ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ὡραϊσμόςὡραϊσμόςN2 NSM · ὡραϊσμόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusὡραϊσμός: 'ὡραϊσμός'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἀπώσαντόἀπώσαντόVA AMI3P · ὠθέω + ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀπώσαντό: 'ἀπώσαντό'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'you'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationοἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἐρασταίἐρασταίN1M NPM · ἐραστήςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἐρασταί: 'ἐρασταί'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusψυχήν: 'soul'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ζητοῦσινζητοῦσινV2 PAI3P · ζητέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealζητοῦσιν: 'ζητοῦσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
31
ὅτι φωνὴν ὡς ὠδινούσης ἤκουσα τοῦ στεναγμοῦ σου ὡς πρωτοτοκούσης φωνὴ θυγατρὸς Σιων ἐκλυθήσεται καὶ παρήσει τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῆς οἴμμοι ἐγώ ὅτι ἐκλείπει ἡ ψυχή μου ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀνῃρημένοις
For I heard a voice like that of a woman in labor, your groaning like one bearing her first child; the voice of daughter Zion will fail and she will spread out her hands: Woe is me, because my soul fails because of the slain.
Closes with Zion personified as a dying laboring woman whose anguish rises over the bodies of the slain.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusφωνὴν: 'voice'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὡς: connective meaning 'ὡς'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ὠδινούσηςὠδινούσηςV1 · παπγσφ ὠδίνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealὠδινούσης: 'ὠδινούσης'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἤκουσαἤκουσαVAI AAI1S · ἀκούωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἤκουσα: 'ἤκουσα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
στεναγμοῦστεναγμοῦN2 GSM · στεναγμόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationστεναγμοῦ: 'στεναγμοῦ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὡς: connective meaning 'ὡς'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
πρωτοτοκούσηςπρωτοτοκούσηςV2 · παπγσφ πρωτοτοκέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπρωτοτοκούσης: 'πρωτοτοκούσης'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
φωνὴvoiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusφωνὴ: 'voice'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
θυγατρὸςθυγατρὸςN3 GSF · θυγάτηρgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationθυγατρὸς: 'θυγατρὸς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΣιωνZionN GSF · Σιωνterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΣιων: 'Zion'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκλυθήσεταιἐκλυθήσεταιVC FPI3S · λύω + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐκλυθήσεται: 'ἐκλυθήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
παρήσειπαρήσειVF FAI3S · ἵημι + παραverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπαρήσει: 'παρήσει'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
χεῖραςχεῖραςN3 APF · χείρaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusχεῖρας: 'χεῖρας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῆς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οἴμμοιοἴμμοιI · οἴμμοιparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοἴμμοι: 'οἴμμοι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐγώἐγώRP NS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐγώ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐγώ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐκλείπειἐκλείπειV1 PAI3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐκλείπει: 'ἐκλείπει'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ψυχήsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusψυχή: 'soul'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀνῃρημένοιςἀνῃρημένοιςVM · χμπδπμ αἱρέω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀνῃρημένοις: 'ἀνῃρημένοις'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.