1
ἐὰν ἐξαποστείλῃ ἀνὴρ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπέλθῃ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ γένηται ἀνδρὶ ἑτέρῳ μὴ ἀνακάμπτουσα ἀνακάμψει πρὸς αὐτὸν ἔτι οὐ μιαινομένη μιανθήσεται ἡ γυνὴ ἐκείνη καὶ σὺ ἐξεπόρνευσας ἐν ποιμέσιν πολλοῖς καὶ ἀνέκαμπτες πρός με λέγει κύριος
If a man sends away his wife, and she departs from him and becomes another man's, would she return to him again? Would not that woman be utterly defiled? Yet you have prostituted yourself with many shepherds and kept returning to me, says the Lord.
Opens with a legal and marital analogy that makes Judah's return seem impossible and therefore morally shocking.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionἐὰν: connective meaning 'if'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐξαποστείλῃἐξαποστείλῃVA AAS3S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐξαποστείλῃ: 'ἐξαποστείλῃ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀνὴρἀνὴρN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἀνὴρ: 'ἀνὴρ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γυναῖκαγυναῖκαN3K ASF · γυνήaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusγυναῖκα: 'γυναῖκα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀπέλθῃἀπέλθῃVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀπέλθῃ: 'ἀπέλθῃ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀπ'ἀπ'P · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπ': preposition meaning 'ἀπ''; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
γένηταιγένηταιVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealγένηται: 'γένηται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀνδρὶἀνδρὶN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἀνδρὶ: 'ἀνδρὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἑτέρῳἑτέρῳA1A DSM · ἕτεροςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἑτέρῳ: 'ἑτέρῳ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μὴnotD · μήparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingμὴ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀνακάμπτουσαἀνακάμπτουσαV1 · παπνσφ κάμπτω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀνακάμπτουσα: 'ἀνακάμπτουσα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἀνακάμψειἀνακάμψειVF FAI3S · κάμπτω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀνακάμψει: 'ἀνακάμψει'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρὸς: preposition meaning 'to'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτὸν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'him'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἔτιἔτιD · ἔτιparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἔτι: 'ἔτι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μιαινομένημιαινομένηV1 · πμπνσφ μιαίνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealμιαινομένη: 'μιαινομένη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
μιανθήσεταιμιανθήσεταιVC FPI3S · μιαίνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealμιανθήσεται: 'μιανθήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γυνὴγυνὴN3K NSF · γυνήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusγυνὴ: 'γυνὴ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκείνηἐκείνηRD NSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐκείνη: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐκείνη'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
σὺσὺRP NS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσὺ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'σὺ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐξεπόρνευσαςἐξεπόρνευσαςVAI AAI2S · πορνεύω + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐξεπόρνευσας: 'ἐξεπόρνευσας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ποιμέσινποιμέσινN3 DPM · ποιμήνdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusποιμέσιν: 'ποιμέσιν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πολλοῖςπολλοῖςA1 DPM · πολύςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusπολλοῖς: 'πολλοῖς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀνέκαμπτεςἀνέκαμπτεςV1I IAI2S · κάμπτω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀνέκαμπτες: 'ἀνέκαμπτες'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πρόςπρόςP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρός: preposition meaning 'πρός'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'me'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
2
ἆρον εἰς εὐθεῖαν τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς σου καὶ ἰδέ ποῦ οὐχὶ ἐξεφύρθης ἐπὶ ταῖς ὁδοῖς ἐκάθισας αὐτοῖς ὡσεὶ κορώνη ἐρημουμένη καὶ ἐμίανας τὴν γῆν ἐν ταῖς πορνείαις σου καὶ ἐν ταῖς κακίαις σου
Lift up your eyes straight ahead and see where you have not been defiled. Along the roads you sat for them like a crow in desolation, and you polluted the land with your prostitutions and your wickednesses.
The prophet turns the accusation into a panoramic survey of public impurity spread across the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἆρονἆρονVA AAD2S · αἴρωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἆρον: 'ἆρον'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
εὐθεῖανεὐθεῖανA3U ASF · εὐθύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusεὐθεῖαν: 'εὐθεῖαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοὺς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ὀφθαλμούςὀφθαλμούςN2 APM · ὀφθαλμόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusὀφθαλμούς: 'ὀφθαλμούς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἰδέἰδέVB AAD2S · ὁράωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἰδέ: 'ἰδέ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ποῦποῦD · ποῦparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingποῦ: 'ποῦ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οὐχὶsurely notD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐχὶ: 'surely not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐξεφύρθηςἐξεφύρθηςVCI API2S · φύρω + ἐκverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐξεφύρθης: 'ἐξεφύρθης'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ταῖςταῖςRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationταῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ὁδοῖςὁδοῖςN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusὁδοῖς: 'ὁδοῖς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκάθισαςἐκάθισαςVAI AAI2S · ἵζω + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐκάθισας: 'ἐκάθισας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῖς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'them'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ὡσεὶὡσεὶD · ὡσείparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingὡσεὶ: 'ὡσεὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κορώνηκορώνηN1 NSF · κορώνηnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκορώνη: 'κορώνη'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐρημουμένηἐρημουμένηV4 · πππνσφ ἐρημόωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐρημουμένη: 'ἐρημουμένη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐμίαναςἐμίαναςVAI AAI2S · μιαίνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐμίανας: 'ἐμίανας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusγῆν: 'land'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ταῖςταῖςRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationταῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πορνείαιςπορνείαιςN1A DPF · πορνείαdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusπορνείαις: 'πορνείαις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ταῖςταῖςRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationταῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κακίαιςκακίαιςN1A DPF · κακίαdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusκακίαις: 'κακίαις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
3
καὶ ἔσχες ποιμένας πολλοὺς εἰς πρόσκομμα σεαυτῇ ὄψις πόρνης ἐγένετό σοι ἀπηναισχύντησας πρὸς πάντας
And you had many shepherds to your own stumbling; the look of a prostitute came upon you, you became shameless before everyone.
Judah's alliances and idols are described as both seductive and self-destructive, producing public shamelessness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἔσχεςἔσχεςVBI AAI2S · ἔχωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἔσχες: 'ἔσχες'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ποιμέναςshepherdsN3 APM · ποιμήνaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusποιμένας: 'shepherds'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πολλοὺςπολλοὺςA1 APM · πολύςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπολλοὺς: 'πολλοὺς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πρόσκομμαπρόσκομμαN3M ASN · πρόσκομμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπρόσκομμα: 'πρόσκομμα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σεαυτῇyourselfRD DSF · σεαυτοῦpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσεαυτῇ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'yourself'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ὄψιςὄψιςN3I NSF · ὄψιςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusὄψις: 'ὄψις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πόρνηςπόρνηςN1 GSF · πόρνηgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπόρνης: 'πόρνης'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐγένετόἐγένετόVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐγένετό: 'ἐγένετό'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσοι: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'to you'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἀπηναισχύντησαςἀπηναισχύντησαςVAI AAI3S · ἀναισχυντέω + ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀπηναισχύντησας: 'ἀπηναισχύντησας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρὸς: preposition meaning 'to'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πάνταςπάνταςA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπάντας: 'πάντας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
4
οὐχ ὡς οἶκόν με ἐκάλεσας καὶ πατέρα καὶ ἀρχηγὸν τῆς παρθενίας σου
Have you not called me as your household, 'Father,' and 'Guide of your virginity'?
The Lord recalls the intimate covenant names Judah once used, exposing the contradiction between speech and conduct.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐχοὐχD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐχ: 'οὐχ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὡς: connective meaning 'ὡς'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οἶκόνοἶκόνN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusοἶκόν: 'οἶκόν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'me'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐκάλεσαςἐκάλεσαςVAI AAI2S · καλέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐκάλεσας: 'ἐκάλεσας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
πατέραπατέραN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπατέρα: 'πατέρα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀρχηγὸνἀρχηγὸνN2 ASM · ἀρχηγόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἀρχηγὸν: 'ἀρχηγὸν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
παρθενίαςπαρθενίαςN1A GSF · παρθενίαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπαρθενίας: 'παρθενίας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
5
μὴ διαμενεῖ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἢ διαφυλαχθήσεται εἰς νεῖκος ἰδοὺ ἐλάλησας καὶ ἐποίησας τὰ πονηρὰ ταῦτα καὶ ἠδυνάσθης
Will he remain forever, or will he be kept for constant wrath? Behold, you spoke and did these evils, and you prevailed.
Judah has presumed upon divine patience while continuing the very acts that provoke judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
μὴnotD · μήparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingμὴ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
διαμενεῖδιαμενεῖVF2 FAI3S · μένω + διαverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealδιαμενεῖ: 'διαμενεῖ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
αἰῶνααἰῶναN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusαἰῶνα: 'αἰῶνα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἢἢC · ἤconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionἢ: connective meaning 'ἢ'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
διαφυλαχθήσεταιδιαφυλαχθήσεταιVQ FPI3S · φυλάσσω + διαverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealδιαφυλαχθήσεται: 'διαφυλαχθήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
νεῖκοςνεῖκοςN3E ASN · νεῖκοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusνεῖκος: 'νεῖκος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἰδοὺ: 'behold'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐλάλησαςἐλάλησαςVAI AAI2S · λαλέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐλάλησας: 'ἐλάλησας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐποίησαςἐποίησαςVAI AAI2S · ποιέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐποίησας: 'ἐποίησας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πονηρὰπονηρὰA1A APN · πονηρόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπονηρὰ: 'πονηρὰ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ταῦταταῦταRD APN · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusταῦτα: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ταῦτα'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἠδυνάσθηςἠδυνάσθηςVSI API2S · δύναμαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἠδυνάσθης: 'ἠδυνάσθης'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
6
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ιωσια τοῦ βασιλέως εἶδες ἃ ἐποίησέν μοι ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐπορεύθησαν ἐπὶ πᾶν ὄρος ὑψηλὸν καὶ ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου ἀλσώδους καὶ ἐπόρνευσαν ἐκεῖ
And the Lord said to me in the days of King Josiah, 'Have you seen what the dwelling of Israel did to me? They went upon every high mountain and under every leafy tree, and there they prostituted themselves.'
The oracle begins comparing the northern kingdom's apostasy with Judah's later conduct.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶπεν: 'said'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πρόςπρόςP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρός: preposition meaning 'πρός'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'me'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ταῖςταῖςRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationταῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἡμέραιςἡμέραιςN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἡμέραις: 'ἡμέραις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙωσιαΙωσιαN GSM · Ιωσιαterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙωσια: 'Ιωσια'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
βασιλέωςβασιλέωςN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationβασιλέως: 'βασιλέως'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἶδεςεἶδεςVBI AAI2S · ὁράωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶδες: 'εἶδες'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἃἃRR APN · ὅςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἃ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἃ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐποίησένἐποίησένVAI AAI3S · ποιέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐποίησέν: 'ἐποίησέν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
μοιμοιRP DS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμοι: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'μοι'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κατοικίακατοικίαN1A NSF · κατοικίαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκατοικία: 'κατοικία'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐπορεύθησανἐπορεύθησανVCI API3P · πορεύομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπορεύθησαν: 'ἐπορεύθησαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πᾶνπᾶνA3 ASN · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπᾶν: 'πᾶν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὄροςὄροςN3E ASN · ὄροςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusὄρος: 'ὄρος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὑψηλὸνὑψηλὸνA1 ASN · ὑψηλόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusὑψηλὸν: 'ὑψηλὸν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ὑποκάτωunderD · ὑποκάτωparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingὑποκάτω: 'under'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
παντὸςπαντὸςA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπαντὸς: 'παντὸς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ξύλουξύλουN2N GSN · ξύλονgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationξύλου: 'ξύλου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀλσώδουςἀλσώδουςA3H GSN · ἀλσώδηςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἀλσώδους: 'ἀλσώδους'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐπόρνευσανἐπόρνευσανVAI AAI3P · πορνεύωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπόρνευσαν: 'ἐπόρνευσαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐκεῖἐκεῖD · ἐκεῖparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἐκεῖ: 'ἐκεῖ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
7
καὶ εἶπα μετὰ τὸ πορνεῦσαι αὐτὴν ταῦτα πάντα πρός με ἀνάστρεψον καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψεν καὶ εἶδεν τὴν ἀσυνθεσίαν αὐτῆς ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ιουδα
And I said, after she had committed all these prostitutions, 'Return to me'; but she did not return, and faithless Judah her sister saw her faithlessness.
Israel refused the offered return, and Judah watched the whole process without learning from it.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἶπαεἶπαVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶπα: 'εἶπα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingμετὰ: preposition meaning 'with'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πορνεῦσαιπορνεῦσαιVA AAN · πορνεύωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπορνεῦσαι: 'πορνεῦσαι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτὴν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ταῦταταῦταRD APN · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusταῦτα: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ταῦτα'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
πάνταπάνταA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπάντα: 'πάντα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πρόςπρόςP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρός: preposition meaning 'πρός'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'me'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἀνάστρεψονἀνάστρεψονVA AAD2S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἀνάστρεψον: 'ἀνάστρεψον'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀνέστρεψενἀνέστρεψενVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀνέστρεψεν: 'ἀνέστρεψεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἶδενεἶδενVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶδεν: 'εἶδεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀσυνθεσίανἀσυνθεσίανN1A ASF · ἀσυνθεσίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἀσυνθεσίαν: 'ἀσυνθεσίαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῆς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀσύνθετοςἀσύνθετοςA1B NSF · ἀσύνθετοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἀσύνθετος: 'ἀσύνθετος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙουδαJudahN NSF · Ἰουδάterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙουδα: 'Judah'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
8
καὶ εἶδον διότι περὶ πάντων ὧν κατελήμφθη ἐν οἷς ἐμοιχᾶτο ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ ἐξαπέστειλα αὐτὴν καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῆς καὶ οὐκ ἐφοβήθη ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ιουδα καὶ ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἐπόρνευσεν καὶ αὐτή
And I saw that for all the things in which the dwelling of Israel had been taken, in which she committed adultery, I sent her away and gave her a document of divorce into her hands; yet faithless Judah did not fear, but she too went and prostituted herself.
Israel's exile is interpreted as a formal covenant dismissal, which Judah nonetheless treats as no warning.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἶδονεἶδονVBI AAI1S · ὁράωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶδον: 'εἶδον'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
διότιδιότιC · διότιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionδιότι: connective meaning 'διότι'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
περὶπερὶP · περίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπερὶ: preposition meaning 'περὶ'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πάντωνπάντωνA3 GPM · πᾶςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπάντων: 'πάντων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὧνὧνRR GPM · ὅςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὧν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ὧν'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
κατελήμφθηκατελήμφθηVVI API3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκατελήμφθη: 'κατελήμφθη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
οἷςοἷςRR DPM · ὅςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusοἷς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'οἷς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐμοιχᾶτοἐμοιχᾶτοVAI AMI3S · μοιχάομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐμοιχᾶτο: 'ἐμοιχᾶτο'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κατοικίακατοικίαN1A NSF · κατοικίαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκατοικία: 'κατοικία'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐξαπέστειλαἐξαπέστειλαVAI AAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐξαπέστειλα: 'ἐξαπέστειλα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτὴν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἔδωκαἔδωκαVAI AAI1S · δίδωμιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἔδωκα: 'ἔδωκα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
αὐτῇαὐτῇRD DSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῇ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'αὐτῇ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
βιβλίονβιβλίονN2N ASN · βιβλίονaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusβιβλίον: 'βιβλίον'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀποστασίουἀποστασίουN2N GSN · ἀποστάσιονgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἀποστασίου: 'ἀποστασίου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
χεῖραςχεῖραςN3 APF · χείρaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusχεῖρας: 'χεῖρας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῆς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐφοβήθηἐφοβήθηVCI API3S · φοβέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐφοβήθη: 'ἐφοβήθη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀσύνθετοςἀσύνθετοςA1B NSF · ἀσύνθετοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἀσύνθετος: 'ἀσύνθετος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙουδαJudahN NSF · Ἰουδάterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙουδα: 'Judah'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐπορεύθηἐπορεύθηVCI API3S · πορεύομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπορεύθη: 'ἐπορεύθη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐπόρνευσενἐπόρνευσενVAI AAI3S · πορνεύωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπόρνευσεν: 'ἐπόρνευσεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandD · καίparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingκαὶ: 'and'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτήαὐτήRD NSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτή: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'αὐτή'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
9
καὶ ἐγένετο εἰς οὐθὲν ἡ πορνεία αὐτῆς καὶ ἐμοίχευσεν τὸ ξύλον καὶ τὸν λίθον
And her prostitution came to nothing, and she committed adultery with wood and stone.
Judah's infidelity is reduced to the absurdity of worshiping carved materials.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐγένετοἐγένετοVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐγένετο: 'ἐγένετο'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
οὐθὲνοὐθὲνA3 ASN · οὐδείςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusοὐθὲν: 'οὐθὲν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πορνείαπορνείαN1A NSF · πορνείαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπορνεία: 'πορνεία'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῆς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐμοίχευσενἐμοίχευσενVAI AAI3S · μοιχεύωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐμοίχευσεν: 'ἐμοίχευσεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ξύλονξύλονN2N ASN · ξύλονaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusξύλον: 'ξύλον'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
λίθονλίθονN2 ASM · λίθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusλίθον: 'λίθον'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
10
καὶ ἐν πᾶσιν τούτοις οὐκ ἐπεστράφη πρός με ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ιουδα ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας αὐτῆς ἀλλ' ἐπὶ ψεύδει
And in all these things faithless Judah did not return to me with her whole heart, but in falsehood.
Any appearance of repentance in Judah is dismissed as merely deceptive and partial.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πᾶσινπᾶσινA3 DPM · πᾶςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusπᾶσιν: 'πᾶσιν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τούτοιςτούτοιςRD DPM · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusτούτοις: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'τούτοις'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐπεστράφηἐπεστράφηVDI API3S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπεστράφη: 'ἐπεστράφη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πρόςπρόςP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρός: preposition meaning 'πρός'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'me'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀσύνθετοςἀσύνθετοςA1B NSF · ἀσύνθετοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἀσύνθετος: 'ἀσύνθετος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙουδαJudahN NSF · Ἰουδάterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙουδα: 'Judah'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐξ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ὅληςὅληςA1 GSF · ὅλοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationὅλης: 'ὅλης'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκαρδίας: 'heart'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῆς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἀλλ'ἀλλ'C · ἀλλάconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionἀλλ': connective meaning 'ἀλλ''; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ψεύδειψεύδειN3E DSN · ψεῦδοςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusψεύδει: 'ψεύδει'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
11
καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με ἐδικαίωσεν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ Ισραηλ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀσυνθέτου Ιουδα
And the Lord said to me, 'Israel has justified her own soul more than faithless Judah.'
Judah's treachery is judged worse precisely because it sinned against fuller warning.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶπεν: 'said'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πρόςπρόςP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρός: preposition meaning 'πρός'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'me'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐδικαίωσενἐδικαίωσενVAI AAI3S · δικαιόωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐδικαίωσεν: 'ἐδικαίωσεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ψυχὴνψυχὴνN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusψυχὴν: 'ψυχὴν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'his'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN NSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀσυνθέτουἀσυνθέτουA1B GSF · ἀσύνθετοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἀσυνθέτου: 'ἀσυνθέτου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙουδαJudahN GSF · Ἰουδάterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙουδα: 'Judah'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
12
πορεύου καὶ ἀνάγνωθι τοὺς λόγους τούτους πρὸς βορρᾶν καὶ ἐρεῖς ἐπιστράφητι πρός με ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ισραηλ λέγει κύριος καὶ οὐ στηριῶ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου ἐφ' ὑμᾶς ὅτι ἐλεήμων ἐγώ εἰμι λέγει κύριος καὶ οὐ μηνιῶ ὑμῖν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα
Go and read these words toward the north, and you shall say: 'Return to me, O dwelling of Israel,' says the Lord, 'and I will not set my face against you, because I am merciful,' says the Lord, 'and I will not be angry with you forever.'
The northern exiles receive an astonishing mercy summons grounded in the Lord's character.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
πορεύουπορεύουV1 PMD2S · πορεύομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπορεύου: 'πορεύου'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀνάγνωθιἀνάγνωθιVZ AAD2S · γιγνώσκω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀνάγνωθι: 'ἀνάγνωθι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοὺς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
λόγουςλόγουςN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusλόγους: 'λόγους'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τούτουςτούτουςRD APM · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusτούτους: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'τούτους'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρὸς: preposition meaning 'to'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
βορρᾶνβορρᾶνN1T ASM · βορέαςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusβορρᾶν: 'βορρᾶν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐρεῖςἐρεῖςVF2 FAI2S · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐρεῖς: 'ἐρεῖς'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπιστράφητιἐπιστράφητιVD APD2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἐπιστράφητι: 'ἐπιστράφητι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πρόςπρόςP · πρόςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingπρός: preposition meaning 'πρός'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'me'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
κατοικίακατοικίαN1A NSF · κατοικίαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκατοικία: 'κατοικία'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
στηριῶστηριῶVF2 FAI1S · στηρίζωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealστηριῶ: 'στηριῶ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπρόσωπόν: 'face'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐφ'ἐφ'P · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐφ': preposition meaning 'ἐφ''; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ὑμᾶςὑμᾶςRP AP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμᾶς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ὑμᾶς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐλεήμωνἐλεήμωνA3N NSM · ἐλεήμωνnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἐλεήμων: 'ἐλεήμων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐγώἐγώRP NS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐγώ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐγώ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
εἰμιεἰμιV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἰμι: 'εἰμι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μηνιῶμηνιῶVF2 FAI1S · μηνίωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealμηνιῶ: 'μηνιῶ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμῖν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'to you'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
αἰῶνααἰῶναN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusαἰῶνα: 'αἰῶνα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
13
πλὴν γνῶθι τὴν ἀδικίαν σου ὅτι εἰς κύριον τὸν θεόν σου ἠσέβησας καὶ διέχεας τὰς ὁδούς σου εἰς ἀλλοτρίους ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου ἀλσώδους τῆς δὲ φωνῆς μου οὐχ ὑπήκουσας λέγει κύριος
Only acknowledge your injustice, that you acted impiously against the Lord your God and scattered your ways to strangers under every leafy tree, and you did not obey my voice, says the Lord.
Mercy does not erase the need for explicit acknowledgment of covenant violation.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
πλὴνneverthelessD · πλήνparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingπλὴν: 'nevertheless'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
γνῶθιγνῶθιVZ AAD2S · γιγνώσκωverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealγνῶθι: 'γνῶθι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀδικίανἀδικίανN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἀδικίαν: 'ἀδικίαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
κύριονκύριονN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκύριον: 'κύριον'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θεόνθεόνN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusθεόν: 'θεόν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἠσέβησαςἠσέβησαςVAI AAI2S · ἀσεβέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἠσέβησας: 'ἠσέβησας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
διέχεαςδιέχεαςVAI AAI2S · χέω + διαverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealδιέχεας: 'διέχεας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ὁδούςὁδούςN2 APF · ὁδόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusὁδούς: 'ὁδούς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ἀλλοτρίουςἀλλοτρίουςA1A APM · ἀλλότριοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἀλλοτρίους: 'ἀλλοτρίους'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὑποκάτωunderD · ὑποκάτωparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingὑποκάτω: 'under'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
παντὸςπαντὸςA3 GSN · πᾶςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπαντὸς: 'παντὸς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ξύλουξύλουN2N GSN · ξύλονgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationξύλου: 'ξύλου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀλσώδουςἀλσώδουςA3H GSN · ἀλσώδηςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἀλσώδους: 'ἀλσώδους'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
δὲδὲX · δέparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingδὲ: 'δὲ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
φωνῆςφωνῆςN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationφωνῆς: 'φωνῆς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οὐχοὐχD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐχ: 'οὐχ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὑπήκουσαςὑπήκουσαςVAI AAI2S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealὑπήκουσας: 'ὑπήκουσας'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
14
ἐπιστράφητε υἱοὶ ἀφεστηκότες λέγει κύριος διότι ἐγὼ κατακυριεύσω ὑμῶν καὶ λήμψομαι ὑμᾶς ἕνα ἐκ πόλεως καὶ δύο ἐκ πατριᾶς καὶ εἰσάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς Σιων
Return, apostate sons, says the Lord, because I will be lord over you; and I will take you, one from a city and two from a family, and I will bring you into Zion.
The Lord promises a deliberate and personal regathering from scattered places into restored worship.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐπιστράφητεἐπιστράφητεVD APD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἐπιστράφητε: 'ἐπιστράφητε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
υἱοὶυἱοὶN2 VPM · υἱόςvocative substantive naming the addressee directly→ direct addressυἱοὶ: 'υἱοὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀφεστηκότεςἀφεστηκότεςVXI XAPNPMI(/STHMI · ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀφεστηκότες: 'ἀφεστηκότες'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
διότιδιότιC · διότιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionδιότι: connective meaning 'διότι'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐγὼἐγὼRP NS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐγὼ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐγὼ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
κατακυριεύσωκατακυριεύσωVF FAI1S · κυριεύω + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκατακυριεύσω: 'κατακυριεύσω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
λήμψομαιλήμψομαιVF FMI1S · λαμβάνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλήμψομαι: 'λήμψομαι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὑμᾶςὑμᾶςRP AP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμᾶς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ὑμᾶς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἕναἕναA3 ASM · εἷςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἕνα: 'ἕνα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐκ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πόλεωςπόλεωςN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπόλεως: 'πόλεως'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
δύοδύοM · δύοparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingδύο: 'δύο'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐκ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πατριᾶςπατριᾶςN1A GSF · πατριάgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπατριᾶς: 'πατριᾶς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἰσάξωεἰσάξωVF FAI1S · ἄγω + εἰςverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἰσάξω: 'εἰσάξω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὑμᾶςὑμᾶςRP AP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμᾶς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ὑμᾶς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΣιων: 'Zion'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
15
καὶ δώσω ὑμῖν ποιμένας κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου καὶ ποιμανοῦσιν ὑμᾶς ποιμαίνοντες μετ' ἐπιστήμης
And I will give you shepherds according to my heart, and they will shepherd you, shepherding with knowledge.
The future restoration includes leaders shaped by divine intention rather than exploitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
δώσωδώσωVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealδώσω: 'δώσω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμῖν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'to you'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ποιμέναςshepherdsN3 APM · ποιμήνaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusποιμένας: 'shepherds'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κατὰκατὰP · κατάpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingκατὰ: preposition meaning 'κατὰ'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκαρδίαν: 'heart'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμου: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'my'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ποιμανοῦσινthey will shepherdVF2 FAI3P · ποιμαίνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealποιμανοῦσιν: 'they will shepherd'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ὑμᾶςὑμᾶςRP AP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμᾶς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ὑμᾶς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ποιμαίνοντεςποιμαίνοντεςV1 · παπνπμ ποιμαίνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealποιμαίνοντες: 'ποιμαίνοντες'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
μετ'μετ'P · μετάpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingμετ': preposition meaning 'μετ''; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ἐπιστήμηςἐπιστήμηςN1 GSF · ἐπιστήμηgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἐπιστήμης: 'ἐπιστήμης'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
16
καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν πληθυνθῆτε καὶ αὐξηθῆτε ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις λέγει κύριος οὐκ ἐροῦσιν ἔτι κιβωτὸς διαθήκης ἁγίου Ισραηλ οὐκ ἀναβήσεται ἐπὶ καρδίαν οὐκ ὀνομασθήσεται οὐδὲ ἐπισκεφθήσεται καὶ οὐ ποιηθήσεται ἔτι
And it shall be, if you multiply and increase upon the land in those days, says the Lord, they shall no longer say, 'The ark of the covenant of the Holy One of Israel'; it shall not come upon the heart, it shall not be named, nor shall it be visited, nor shall it be made again.
The restoration is so deep that older central cultic symbols recede before a new immediacy of divine rule.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἔσταιἔσταιVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἔσται: 'ἔσται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionἐὰν: connective meaning 'if'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
πληθυνθῆτεπληθυνθῆτεVC APS2P · πληθύνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπληθυνθῆτε: 'πληθυνθῆτε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
αὐξηθῆτεαὐξηθῆτεVC APS2P · αὐξάνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealαὐξηθῆτε: 'αὐξηθῆτε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γῆςγῆςN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationγῆς: 'γῆς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ταῖςταῖςRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationταῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἡμέραιςἡμέραιςN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἡμέραις: 'ἡμέραις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκείναιςἐκείναιςRD DPF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐκείναις: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐκείναις'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐροῦσινἐροῦσινVF2 FAI3P · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐροῦσιν: 'ἐροῦσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἔτιἔτιD · ἔτιparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἔτι: 'ἔτι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κιβωτὸςκιβωτὸςN2 NSF · κιβωτόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκιβωτὸς: 'κιβωτὸς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
διαθήκηςδιαθήκηςN1 GSF · διαθήκηgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationδιαθήκης: 'διαθήκης'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἁγίουἁγίουA1A GSM · ἅγιοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἁγίου: 'ἁγίου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀναβήσεταιἀναβήσεταιVF FMI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀναβήσεται: 'ἀναβήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκαρδίαν: 'heart'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὀνομασθήσεταιὀνομασθήσεταιVS FPI3S · ὀνομάζωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealὀνομασθήσεται: 'ὀνομασθήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
οὐδὲοὐδὲC · οὐδέconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionοὐδὲ: connective meaning 'οὐδὲ'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐπισκεφθήσεταιἐπισκεφθήσεταιVV FPI3S · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπισκεφθήσεται: 'ἐπισκεφθήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ποιηθήσεταιποιηθήσεταιVC FPI3S · ποιέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealποιηθήσεται: 'ποιηθήσεται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἔτιἔτιD · ἔτιparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἔτι: 'ἔτι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
17
ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ καλέσουσιν τὴν Ιερουσαλημ θρόνος κυρίου καὶ συναχθήσονται εἰς αὐτὴν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ οὐ πορεύσονται ἔτι ὀπίσω τῶν ἐνθυμημάτων τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν τῆς πονηρᾶς
In those days and at that time they shall call Jerusalem 'The throne of the Lord,' and all the nations shall be gathered to it, and they shall no longer walk after the imaginings of their evil heart.
Jerusalem becomes the locus of divine kingship and international gathering rather than private evil desire.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ταῖςταῖςRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationταῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἡμέραιςἡμέραιςN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἡμέραις: 'ἡμέραις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκείναιςἐκείναιςRD DPF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐκείναις: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐκείναις'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῷ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καιρῷκαιρῷN2 DSM · καιρόςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusκαιρῷ: 'καιρῷ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκείνῳἐκείνῳRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐκείνῳ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐκείνῳ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καλέσουσινκαλέσουσινVF FAI3P · καλέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκαλέσουσιν: 'καλέσουσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙερουσαλημ: 'Jerusalem'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
θρόνοςθρόνοςN2 NSM · θρόνοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusθρόνος: 'θρόνος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκυρίου: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
συναχθήσονταισυναχθήσονταιVQ FPI3P · ἄγω + συνverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσυναχθήσονται: 'συναχθήσονται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
αὐτὴνherRD ASF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτὴν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'her'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
πάνταπάνταA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπάντα: 'πάντα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἔθνηnationsN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἔθνη: 'nations'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πορεύσονταιπορεύσονταιVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealπορεύσονται: 'πορεύσονται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἔτιἔτιD · ἔτιparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἔτι: 'ἔτι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὀπίσωὀπίσωP · ὀπίσωpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingὀπίσω: preposition meaning 'ὀπίσω'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῶν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἐνθυμημάτωνἐνθυμημάτωνN3M GPN · ἐνθύμημαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἐνθυμημάτων: 'ἐνθυμημάτων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκαρδίας: 'heart'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πονηρᾶςπονηρᾶςA1A GSF · πονηρόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπονηρᾶς: 'πονηρᾶς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
18
ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις συνελεύσονται οἶκος Ιουδα ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ ἥξουσιν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἀπὸ γῆς βορρᾶ καὶ ἀπὸ πασῶν τῶν χωρῶν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἣν κατεκληρονόμησα τοὺς πατέρας αὐτῶν
In those days the house of Judah shall come to the house of Israel, and they shall come together from the land of the north and from all the countries to the land that I gave as an inheritance to their fathers.
The divided covenant houses are promised a joint return from exile into the ancestral inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ταῖςταῖςRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationταῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἡμέραιςἡμέραιςN1A DPF · ἡμέραdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusἡμέραις: 'ἡμέραις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκείναιςἐκείναιςRD DPF · ἐκεῖνοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐκείναις: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐκείναις'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
συνελεύσονταισυνελεύσονταιVF FMI3P · ἔρχομαι + συνverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσυνελεύσονται: 'συνελεύσονται'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusοἶκος: 'house'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙουδα: 'Judah'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusοἶκον: 'house'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἥξουσινἥξουσινVF FAI3P · ἥκωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἥξουσιν: 'ἥξουσιν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
αὐτὸαὐτὸRD ASN · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτὸ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'αὐτὸ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
γῆςγῆςN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationγῆς: 'γῆς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
βορρᾶβορρᾶN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationβορρᾶ: 'βορρᾶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
πασῶνπασῶνA1S GPF · πᾶςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπασῶν: 'πασῶν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῶν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
χωρῶνχωρῶνN1A GPF · χώραgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationχωρῶν: 'χωρῶν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐπὶ: preposition meaning 'upon'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὴν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusγῆν: 'land'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἣνἣνRR ASF · ὅςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἣν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἣν'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
κατεκληρονόμησακατεκληρονόμησαVAI AAI1S · κληρονομέω + καταverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκατεκληρονόμησα: 'κατεκληρονόμησα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοὺς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πατέραςπατέραςN3 APM · πατήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπατέρας: 'πατέρας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
19
καὶ ἐγὼ εἶπα γένοιτο κύριε ὅτι τάξω σε εἰς τέκνα καὶ δώσω σοι γῆν ἐκλεκτὴν κληρονομίαν θεοῦ παντοκράτορος ἐθνῶν καὶ εἶπα πατέρα καλέσετέ με καὶ ἀπ' ἐμοῦ οὐκ ἀποστραφήσεσθε
And I said, 'So be it, Lord, that I will set you among children and give you a chosen land, the inheritance of God Almighty among the nations'; and I said, 'You shall call me Father, and you shall not turn away from me.'
The Lord recalls the filial destiny and inheritance he had intended for his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐγὼἐγὼRP NS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐγὼ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐγὼ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
εἶπαεἶπαVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶπα: 'εἶπα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
γένοιτογένοιτοVB AMO3S · γίγνομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealγένοιτο: 'γένοιτο'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative substantive naming the addressee directly→ direct addressκύριε: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τάξωτάξωVF FAI1S · τάσσωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealτάξω: 'τάξω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'you'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τέκνατέκναN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusτέκνα: 'τέκνα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
δώσωδώσωVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealδώσω: 'δώσω'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσοι: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'to you'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusγῆν: 'land'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκλεκτὴνἐκλεκτὴνA1 ASF · ἐκλεκτόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusἐκλεκτὴν: 'ἐκλεκτὴν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κληρονομίανκληρονομίανN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusκληρονομίαν: 'κληρονομίαν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationθεοῦ: 'God'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
παντοκράτοροςπαντοκράτοροςN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπαντοκράτορος: 'παντοκράτορος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐθνῶνἐθνῶνN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἐθνῶν: 'ἐθνῶν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
εἶπαεἶπαVAI AAI1S · εἶπονverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶπα: 'εἶπα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
πατέραπατέραN3 ASM · πατήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπατέρα: 'πατέρα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καλέσετέκαλέσετέVF FAI2P · καλέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκαλέσετέ: 'καλέσετέ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusμε: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'me'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀπ'ἀπ'P · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπ': preposition meaning 'ἀπ''; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ἐμοῦἐμοῦRP GS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐμοῦ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐμοῦ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐκ: 'not'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἀποστραφήσεσθεἀποστραφήσεσθεVD FPI2P · στρέφω + ἀποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀποστραφήσεσθε: 'ἀποστραφήσεσθε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
20
πλὴν ὡς ἀθετεῖ γυνὴ εἰς τὸν συνόντα αὐτῇ οὕτως ἠθέτησεν εἰς ἐμὲ οἶκος Ισραηλ λέγει κύριος
But as a wife breaks faith with the man living with her, so the house of Israel broke faith with me, says the Lord.
The marriage metaphor concludes this unit by naming Israel's conduct as covenant treachery.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
πλὴνneverthelessD · πλήνparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingπλὴν: 'nevertheless'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὡς: connective meaning 'ὡς'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἀθετεῖἀθετεῖV2 PAI3S · ἀθετέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἀθετεῖ: 'ἀθετεῖ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
γυνὴγυνὴN3K NSF · γυνήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusγυνὴ: 'γυνὴ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὸν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
συνόντασυνόνταV9 · παπασμ εἰμί + συνverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealσυνόντα: 'συνόντα'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
αὐτῇαὐτῇRD DSF · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῇ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'αὐτῇ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οὕτωςοὕτωςD · οὕτωςparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὕτως: 'οὕτως'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἠθέτησενἠθέτησενVAI AAI3S · ἀθετέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἠθέτησεν: 'ἠθέτησεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ἐμὲἐμὲRP AS · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἐμὲ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἐμὲ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusοἶκος: 'house'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
λέγειsaysV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealλέγει: 'says'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
21
φωνὴ ἐκ χειλέων ἠκούσθη κλαυθμοῦ καὶ δεήσεως υἱῶν Ισραηλ ὅτι ἠδίκησαν ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν ἐπελάθοντο θεοῦ ἁγίου αὐτῶν
A voice was heard from the lips, of weeping and supplication of the sons of Israel, because they did wrong in their ways and forgot their Holy God.
Turns from accusation to the sound of contrition rising from Israel itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
φωνὴvoiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusφωνὴ: 'voice'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐκ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
χειλέωνχειλέωνN3E GPN · χεῖλοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationχειλέων: 'χειλέων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἠκούσθηἠκούσθηVCI API3S · ἀκούωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἠκούσθη: 'ἠκούσθη'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
κλαυθμοῦκλαυθμοῦN2 GSM · κλαυθμόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκλαυθμοῦ: 'κλαυθμοῦ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
δεήσεωςδεήσεωςN3I GSF · δέησιςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationδεήσεως: 'δεήσεως'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
υἱῶνυἱῶνN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationυἱῶν: 'υἱῶν'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἠδίκησανἠδίκησανVAI AAI3P · ἀδικέωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἠδίκησαν: 'ἠδίκησαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ταῖςταῖςRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationταῖς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ὁδοῖςὁδοῖςN2 DPF · ὁδόςdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusὁδοῖς: 'ὁδοῖς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐπελάθοντοἐπελάθοντοVBI AMI3P · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπελάθοντο: 'ἐπελάθοντο'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationθεοῦ: 'God'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἁγίουἁγίουA1A GSM · ἅγιοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἁγίου: 'ἁγίου'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
22
ἐπιστράφητε υἱοὶ ἐπιστρέφοντες καὶ ἰάσομαι τὰ συντρίμματα ὑμῶν ἰδοὺ δοῦλοι ἡμεῖς ἐσόμεθά σοι ὅτι σὺ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν εἶ
Return, returning sons, and I will heal your injuries. Behold, we shall be your servants, because you are the Lord our God.
Divine healing is offered, and the people begin to answer with renewed submission.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐπιστράφητεἐπιστράφητεVD APD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἐπιστράφητε: 'ἐπιστράφητε'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
υἱοὶυἱοὶN2 VPM · υἱόςvocative substantive naming the addressee directly→ direct addressυἱοὶ: 'υἱοὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἐπιστρέφοντεςἐπιστρέφοντεςV1 · παπνπμ στρέφω + ἐπιverbal core advancing summons, warning, or appeal→ direct appealἐπιστρέφοντες: 'ἐπιστρέφοντες'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἰάσομαιἰάσομαιVF FMI1S · ἰάομαιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἰάσομαι: 'ἰάσομαι'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
συντρίμματασυντρίμματαN3M APN · σύντριμμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusσυντρίμματα: 'συντρίμματα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusὑμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'your'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingἰδοὺ: 'behold'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
δοῦλοιδοῦλοιN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusδοῦλοι: 'δοῦλοι'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμεῖςἡμεῖςRP NP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμεῖς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἡμεῖς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἐσόμεθάἐσόμεθάVF FMI1P · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐσόμεθά: 'ἐσόμεθά'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσοι: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'to you'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionὅτι: connective meaning 'because'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
σὺσὺRP NS · σύpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusσὺ: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'σὺ'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusκύριος: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationὁ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θεὸςθεὸςN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusθεὸς: 'θεὸς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
εἶεἶV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealεἶ: 'εἶ'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
23
ὄντως εἰς ψεῦδος ἦσαν οἱ βουνοὶ καὶ ἡ δύναμις τῶν ὀρέων πλὴν διὰ κυρίου θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία τοῦ Ισραηλ
Truly the hills were for falsehood, and the strength of the mountains; truly in the Lord our God is the salvation of Israel.
The people renounce the lie of high-place religion and reassign salvation to the Lord alone.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὄντωςὄντωςD · ὄντωςparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingὄντως: 'ὄντως'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingεἰς: preposition meaning 'into'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
ψεῦδοςψεῦδοςN3E ASN · ψεῦδοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusψεῦδος: 'ψεῦδος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἦσανἦσανV9 IAI3P · εἰμίverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἦσαν: 'ἦσαν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationοἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
βουνοὶβουνοὶN2 NPM · βουνόςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusβουνοὶ: 'βουνοὶ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
δύναμιςδύναμιςN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusδύναμις: 'δύναμις'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῶν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ὀρέωνὀρέωνN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationὀρέων: 'ὀρέων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
πλὴνneverthelessD · πλήνparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingπλὴν: 'nevertheless'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
διὰδιὰP · διάpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingδιὰ: preposition meaning 'διὰ'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκυρίου: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationθεοῦ: 'God'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
σωτηρίαsalvationN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusσωτηρία: 'salvation'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλterm completing the phrase in context→ content focusΙσραηλ: 'Israel'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
24
ἡ δὲ αἰσχύνη κατανάλωσεν τοὺς μόχθους τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἀπὸ νεότητος ἡμῶν τὰ πρόβατα αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς μόσχους αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας αὐτῶν
But shame has consumed the labors of our fathers from our youth, their sheep and their calves, their sons and their daughters.
Idolatry is now seen as devouring inherited wealth, family, and labor across generations.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
δὲδὲX · δέparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingδὲ: 'δὲ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αἰσχύνηαἰσχύνηN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusαἰσχύνη: 'αἰσχύνη'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κατανάλωσενκατανάλωσενVA AAI3S · ἁλίσκω + κατα + ἀναverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealκατανάλωσεν: 'κατανάλωσεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοὺς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
μόχθουςμόχθουςN2 APM · μόχθοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusμόχθους: 'μόχθους'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῶν: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πατέρωνπατέρωνN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationπατέρων: 'πατέρων'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
νεότητοςνεότητοςN3T GSF · νεότηςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationνεότητος: 'νεότητος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πρόβαταπρόβαταN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusπρόβατα: 'πρόβατα'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοὺς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
μόσχουςμόσχουςN2 APM · μόσχοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusμόσχους: 'μόσχους'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τοὺςτοὺςRA APM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοὺς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
υἱοὺςυἱοὺςN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusυἱοὺς: 'υἱοὺς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτὰς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θυγατέραςθυγατέραςN3 APF · θυγάτηρaccusative substantive functioning as object or affected element→ content focusθυγατέρας: 'θυγατέρας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusαὐτῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'their'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
25
ἐκοιμήθημεν ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ ἡμῶν καὶ ἐπεκάλυψεν ἡμᾶς ἡ ἀτιμία ἡμῶν διότι ἔναντι τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἡμάρτομεν ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν ἀπὸ νεότητος ἡμῶν ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης καὶ οὐχ ὑπηκούσαμεν τῆς φωνῆς κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν
We have lain down in our shame, and our dishonor covered us, because before our God we sinned, we and our fathers, from our youth until this day, and we did not obey the voice of the Lord our God.
Ends in a full communal confession of long-standing and inherited disobedience.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
ἐκοιμήθημενἐκοιμήθημενVCI API1P · κοιμάωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐκοιμήθημεν: 'ἐκοιμήθημεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἐν: preposition meaning 'in'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῇτῇRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῇ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
αἰσχύνῃαἰσχύνῃN1 DSF · αἰσχύνηdative substantive locating relation, addressee, or means→ relational focusαἰσχύνῃ: 'αἰσχύνῃ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἐπεκάλυψενἐπεκάλυψενVAI AAI3S · καλύπτω + ἐπιverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἐπεκάλυψεν: 'ἐπεκάλυψεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμᾶς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'us'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationἡ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἀτιμίαἀτιμίαN1A NSF · ἀτιμίαnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusἀτιμία: 'ἀτιμία'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
διότιδιότιC · διότιconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionδιότι: connective meaning 'διότι'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
ἔναντιἔναντιP · ἔναντιpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἔναντι: preposition meaning 'ἔναντι'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationθεοῦ: 'God'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἡμάρτομενἡμάρτομενVBI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνωverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealἡμάρτομεν: 'ἡμάρτομεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
ἡμεῖςἡμεῖςRP NP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμεῖς: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ἡμεῖς'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationοἱ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
πατέρεςπατέρεςN3 NPM · πατήρnominative substantive carrying the clause's main idea→ content focusπατέρες: 'πατέρες'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἀπὸ: preposition meaning 'from'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
νεότητοςνεότητοςN3T GSF · νεότηςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationνεότητος: 'νεότητος'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition introducing the following phrase→ relational framingἕως: preposition meaning 'until'; it frames relation, direction, agency, or location in the line.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
ἡμέραςἡμέραςN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationἡμέρας: 'ἡμέρας'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ταύτηςταύτηςRD GSF · οὗτοςpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusταύτης: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'ταύτης'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnector linking clauses or coordinated elements→ transitionκαὶ: connective meaning 'and'; it links the clause to its continuation, explanation, contrast, or condition.
οὐχοὐχD · οὐparticle, interjection, or adverb cueing the line→ discourse framingοὐχ: 'οὐχ'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ὑπηκούσαμενὑπηκούσαμενVAI AAI1P · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal core advancing the clause's action or assertion→ assertion or appealὑπηκούσαμεν: 'ὑπηκούσαμεν'; the verbal form carries the movement of accusation, appeal, warning, promise, lament, or judgment in this chapter.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτῆς: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
φωνῆςφωνῆςN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationφωνῆς: 'φωνῆς'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationκυρίου: 'Lord'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the attached substantive phrase→ phrase specificationτοῦ: the Greek article; here it marks or specifies the substantive phrase in context.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive substantive specifying relationship or possession→ qualificationθεοῦ: 'God'; this inherited source form is retained while the lexical note identifies its local sense in the chapter.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronoun identifying the relevant person, possession, or referent→ participant focusἡμῶν: pronoun or pronominal form meaning 'our'; here it identifies the relevant participant or referent in the clause.