Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Jeremiah, Chapter 8ΙΕΡΕΜΙΑΣ Η′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Refused repentance leaves Judah shamed, unwisened, and beyond human healing.

Translation & textual notes

Jeremiah 8 continues the sentence pronounced in the temple sermon by imagining a humiliation that reaches even the graves of Judah's dead. The unit alternates between accusation and lament: first the bones of kings, priests, prophets, and citizens are exposed before the heavenly powers they loved; then Judah's moral inversion, false wisdom, and refusal to return are unmasked. The closing movement shifts into broken communal speech and prophetic grief, so that invading horses, serpent-plagues, unanswered hopes of healing, and tears for the daughter of the people all gather into one long meditation on a wound that leadership, cult, and human cleverness cannot cure.

1

ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ λέγει κύριος ἐξοίσουσιν τὰ ὀστᾶ τῶν βασιλέων Ιουδα καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ τῶν ἀρχόντων αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ τῶν ἱερέων καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ τῶν κατοικούντων Ιερουσαλημ ἐκ τῶν τάφων αὐτῶν

At that time, says the Lord, they will bring out the bones of the kings of Judah and the bones of its rulers and the bones of the priests and the bones of the prophets and the bones of those dwelling in Jerusalem from their tombs.

Judgmentasyndeton
The opening image extends covenant shame into the grave itself by exposing every leadership class and the city population.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καιρῷtimeN2 DSM · καιρόςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐκείνῳthatRD DSM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential or indirect-object emphasisἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered 'that' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleλέγω: lexical item rendered 'say' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐξοίσουσινbring outVF FAI3P · φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionφέρω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'bring out' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalὀστέον: lexical item rendered 'bones' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
βασιλέωνkingsN3V GPM · βασιλεύςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'kings' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ιουδαindeclinable or proper-name element within the clause→ local semantic contributionΙουδα: lexical item rendered 'Judah' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalὀστέον: lexical item rendered 'bones' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀρχόντωνrulersN3 GPM · ἄρχωνgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationἄρχων: lexical item rendered 'rulers' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοῦhim/them/hisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalὀστέον: lexical item rendered 'bones' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἱερέωνpriestsN3V GPM · ἱερεύςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationἱερεύς: lexical item rendered 'priests' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalὀστέον: lexical item rendered 'bones' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
προφητῶνprophetsN1M GPM · προφήτηςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationπροφήτης: lexical item rendered 'prophets' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀστᾶbonesN2N APN · ὀστέονaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalὀστέον: lexical item rendered 'bones' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κατοικούντωνκατοικούντωνV2 · παπγπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπαπγπμ οἰκέω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'κατοικούντων' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμindeclinable or proper-name element within the clause→ local semantic contributionἸερουσαλήμ: lexical item rendered 'Jerusalem' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐκ: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τάφωνtombsN2 GPM · τάφοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationτάφος: lexical item rendered 'tombs' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῶνhim/them/hisRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
2

καὶ ψύξουσιν αὐτὰ πρὸς τὸν ἥλιον καὶ τὴν σελήνην καὶ πρὸς πάντας τοὺς ἀστέρας καὶ πρὸς πᾶσαν τὴν στρατιὰν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἃ ἠγάπησαν καὶ οἷς ἐδούλευσαν καὶ ὧν ἐπορεύθησαν ὀπίσω αὐτῶν καὶ ὧν ἀντείχοντο καὶ οἷς προσεκύνησαν αὐτοῖς οὐ κοπήσονται καὶ οὐ ταφήσονται καὶ ἔσονται εἰς παράδειγμα ἐπὶ προσώπου τῆς γῆς

And they will spread them out before the sun and the moon and before all the stars and before the whole host of heaven, which they loved and served and followed after and clung to and worshiped; they shall not be lamented or buried, but will become an example upon the face of the earth.

Exposureasyndeton
The heavenly bodies once adored become silent witnesses to the disgrace of their worshipers.
Word-by-word analysis· 51 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ψύξουσινspread outVF FAI3P · ψύχωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionψύχω: lexical item rendered 'spread out' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτὰhim/them/hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πρὸςbefore/towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπρός: lexical item rendered 'before/toward' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἥλιονsunN2 ASM · ἥλιοςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalἥλιος: lexical item rendered 'sun' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
σελήνηνmoonN1 ASF · σελήνηaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalσελήνη: lexical item rendered 'moon' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πρὸςbefore/towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπρός: lexical item rendered 'before/toward' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀστέραςstarsN3 APM · ἀστήρaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalἀστήρ: lexical item rendered 'stars' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πρὸςbefore/towardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingπρός: lexical item rendered 'before/toward' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
στρατιὰνhostN1A ASF · στρατιάaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalστρατιά: lexical item rendered 'host' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'heaven' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
whichRR APN · ὅςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἠγάπησανloveVAI AAI3P · ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleἀγαπάω: lexical item rendered 'love' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οἷςwhichRR DPM · ὅςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential or indirect-object emphasisὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐδούλευσανserveVAI AAI3P · δουλεύωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleδουλεύω: lexical item rendered 'serve' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐπορεύθησανgoVCI API3P · πορεύομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleπορεύομαι: lexical item rendered 'go' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀπίσωafterP · ὀπίσωpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingὀπίσω: lexical item rendered 'after' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῶνhim/them/hisRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀντείχοντοἀντείχοντοV1I IMI3P · ἔχω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleἔχω + ἀντι: lexical item rendered 'ἀντείχοντο' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οἷςwhichRR DPM · ὅςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential or indirect-object emphasisὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
προσεκύνησανworshipVAI AAI3P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleκυνέω + προς: lexical item rendered 'worship' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοῖςhim/them/hisRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential or indirect-object emphasisαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κοπήσονταιlamentVD FPI3P · κόπτωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionκόπτω: lexical item rendered 'lament' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ταφήσονταιburyVD FPI3P · θάπτωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionθάπτω: lexical item rendered 'bury' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔσονταιbeVF FMI3P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἰςinto/forP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into/for' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
παράδειγμαexample/dungN3M ASN · παράδειγμαaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalπαράδειγμα: lexical item rendered 'example/dung' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
προσώπουface/presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationπρόσωπον: lexical item rendered 'face/presence' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
3

ὅτι εἵλοντο τὸν θάνατον ἢ τὴν ζωήν καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς καταλοίποις τοῖς καταλειφθεῖσιν ἀπὸ τῆς γενεᾶς ἐκείνης ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ οὗ ἐὰν ἐξώσω αὐτοὺς ἐκεῖ

For they chose death rather than life, for all the remnant left behind from that generation, in every place where I drive them out there.

Verdictasyndeton
Exile is interpreted as the consequence of a people whose decisions have already aligned themselves with death.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὅτιbecause/thatC · ὅτιconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationὅτι: lexical item rendered 'because/that' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἵλοντοchooseVBI AMI3P · αἱρέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseαἱρέω: lexical item rendered 'choose' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
θάνατονθάνατονN2 ASM · θάνατοςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalθάνατος: lexical item rendered 'θάνατον' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
C · ἤconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἤ: lexical item rendered 'ἢ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ζωήνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalζωή: lexical item rendered 'life' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πᾶσινallA3 DPM · πᾶςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καταλοίποιςsurvivors/remnantA1B DPM · κατάλοιποςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereκατάλοιπος: lexical item rendered 'survivors/remnant' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καταλειφθεῖσινκαταλειφθεῖσινVV · αππδπμ λείπω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseαππδπμ λείπω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'καταλειφθεῖσιν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπὸἀπὸP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'ἀπὸ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
γενεᾶςgenerationN1A GSF · γενεάgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationγενεά: lexical item rendered 'generation' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐκείνηςthatRD GSF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐκεῖνος: lexical item rendered 'that' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τόπῳplaceN2 DSM · τόποςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereτόπος: lexical item rendered 'place' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὗwhere/of whichD · οὗconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὗ: lexical item rendered 'where/of which' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἐάν: lexical item rendered 'if' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐξώσωdrive outVF FAI1S · ὠθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionὠθέω + ἐκ: lexical item rendered 'drive out' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοὺςhim/them/hisRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἐκεῖ: lexical item rendered 'there' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
4

ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος μὴ ὁ πίπτων οὐκ ἀνίσταται ἢ ὁ ἀποστρέφων οὐκ ἐπιστρέφει

For thus says the Lord: Does not the one who falls rise again? Or the one who turns away, does he not return?

Rhetorical Questionasyndeton
Common human logic is invoked to show how unnatural Judah's refusal to repent has become.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιbecause/thatC · ὅτιconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationὅτι: lexical item rendered 'because/that' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τάδεthisRD APN · ὅδεpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceὅδε: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleλέγω: lexical item rendered 'say' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μὴnotD · μήconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πίπτωνπίπτωνV1 · παπνσμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπαπνσμ πίπτω: lexical item rendered 'πίπτων' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀνίσταταιriseV6 PMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseἵστημι + ἀνα: lexical item rendered 'rise' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
C · ἤconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἤ: lexical item rendered 'ἢ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀποστρέφωνἀποστρέφωνV1 · παπνσμ στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπαπνσμ στρέφω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'ἀποστρέφων' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐπιστρέφειreturnV1 PAI3S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleστρέφω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'return' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
5

διὰ τί ἀπέστρεψεν ὁ λαός μου οὗτος ἀποστροφὴν ἀναιδῆ καὶ κατεκρατήθησαν ἐν τῇ προαιρέσει αὐτῶν καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησαν τοῦ ἐπιστρέψαι

Why has this people turned away with a shameless turning away? They held fast to their own choice and were unwilling to return.

Indictmentasyndeton
Judah's apostasy is described not as weakness alone but as hard, chosen persistence.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingδιά: lexical item rendered 'because of' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπέστρεψενturn awayVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleστρέφω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'turn away' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μουme/IRP GS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὗτοςthisRD NSM · οὗτοςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential contributionοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀποστροφὴνturning awayN1 ASF · ἀποστροφήaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalἀποστροφή: lexical item rendered 'turning away' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀναιδῆshamelessA3 ASF · ἀναιδήςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalἀναιδής: lexical item rendered 'shameless' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κατεκρατήθησανhold fastVCI API3P · κρατέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleκρατέω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'hold fast' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
προαιρέσειchoice/purposeN3I DSF · προαίρεσιςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereπροαίρεσις: lexical item rendered 'choice/purpose' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῶνhim/them/hisRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἠθέλησανbe willingVAI AAI3P · θέλωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleθέλω: lexical item rendered 'be willing' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐπιστρέψαιreturnVA AAN · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseστρέφω + ἐπι: lexical item rendered 'return' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
6

ἐνωτίσασθε δὴ καὶ ἀκούσατε οὐχ οὕτως λαλήσουσιν οὐκ ἔστιν ἄνθρωπος μετανοῶν ἀπὸ τῆς κακίας αὐτοῦ λέγων τί ἐποίησα διέλιπεν ὁ τρέχων ἀπὸ τοῦ δρόμου αὐτοῦ ὡς ἵππος κάθιδρος ἐν χρεμετισμῷ αὐτοῦ

Listen carefully and hear: this is not how they will speak. There is no one repenting from his wickedness, saying, 'What have I done?' The runner has left off from his course like a sweating horse in its neighing.

Observationasyndeton
No voice of self-accusation rises from the people; instead they rush on with animal momentum.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἐνωτίσασθεlisten carefullyVA AMD2P · ἐνωτίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ command or prohibitive forceἐνωτίζομαι: lexical item rendered 'listen carefully' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
δὴδὴX · δήconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationδή: lexical item rendered 'δὴ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ command or prohibitive forceἀκούω: lexical item rendered 'hear' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐχnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὕτως: lexical item rendered 'thus' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λαλήσουσινspeakVF FAI3P · λαλέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionλαλέω: lexical item rendered 'speak' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἄνθρωποςpeople/manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceἄνθρωπος: lexical item rendered 'people/man' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μετανοῶνμετανοῶνV2 · παπνσμ νοέω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπαπνσμ νοέω + μετα: lexical item rendered 'μετανοῶν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπὸἀπὸP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'ἀπὸ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κακίαςκακίαςN1A GSF · κακίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationκακία: lexical item rendered 'κακίας' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοῦhim/them/hisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λέγωνλέγωνV1 · παπνσμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπαπνσμ λέγω: lexical item rendered 'λέγων' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τίwhatRD ASN · τίςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐποίησαmakeVAI AAI1S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleποιέω: lexical item rendered 'make' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
διέλιπενδιέλιπενVBI AAI3S · λείπω + διαverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleλείπω + δια: lexical item rendered 'διέλιπεν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τρέχωντρέχωνV1 · παπνσμ τρέχωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπαπνσμ τρέχω: lexical item rendered 'τρέχων' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπὸἀπὸP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'ἀπὸ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
δρόμουcourseN2 GSM · δρόμοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationδρόμος: lexical item rendered 'course' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοῦhim/them/hisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationὡς: lexical item rendered 'ὡς' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἵπποςhorseN2 NSM · ἵπποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceἵππος: lexical item rendered 'horse' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κάθιδροςsweatingA1B NSM · κάθιδροςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceκάθιδρος: lexical item rendered 'sweating' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
χρεμετισμῷsnortingN2 DSM · χρεμετισμόςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereχρεμετισμός: lexical item rendered 'snorting' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοῦhim/them/hisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
7

καὶ ἡ ασιδα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἔγνω τὸν καιρὸν αὐτῆς τρυγὼν καὶ χελιδών ἀγροῦ στρουθία ἐφύλαξαν καιροὺς εἰσόδων αὐτῶν ὁ δὲ λαός μου οὐκ ἔγνω τὰ κρίματα κυρίου

Even the stork in the sky knew its season, and turtledove and swallow of the field and sparrows kept the times of their arrivals; but my people did not know the judgments of the Lord.

Comparisonasyndeton
Instinctive creatures prove wiser than covenant people who ignore the Lord's ordering claims.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandD · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ασιδαstorkN1A NSF · ἀσίδαnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceἀσίδα: lexical item rendered 'stork' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐρανῷheavenN2 DSM · οὐρανόςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereοὐρανός: lexical item rendered 'heaven' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔγνωἔγνωVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleγιγνώσκω: lexical item rendered 'ἔγνω' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καιρὸνtimeN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῆςhim/them/hisRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τρυγὼνturtledoveN3N NSF · τρυγώνnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceτρυγών: lexical item rendered 'turtledove' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
χελιδώνswallowN3N NSF · χελιδώνnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceχελιδών: lexical item rendered 'swallow' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀγροῦfieldsN2 GSM · ἀγρόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationἀγρός: lexical item rendered 'fields' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
στρουθίαsparrowsN2N NPN · στρουθίονnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceστρουθίον: lexical item rendered 'sparrows' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐφύλαξανkeepVAI AAI3P · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleφυλάσσω: lexical item rendered 'keep' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καιροὺςtimeN2 APM · καιρόςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἰσόδωνarrivalsN2 GPF · εἴσοδοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationεἴσοδος: lexical item rendered 'arrivals' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῶνhim/them/hisRD GPF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
δὲbutX · δέconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationδέ: lexical item rendered 'but' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μουme/IRP GS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔγνωἔγνωVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleγιγνώσκω: lexical item rendered 'ἔγνω' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κρίματακρίματαN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalκρίμα: lexical item rendered 'κρίματα' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
8

πῶς ἐρεῖτε ὅτι σοφοί ἐσμεν ἡμεῖς καὶ νόμος κυρίου ἐστὶν μεθ' ἡμῶν εἰς μάτην ἐγενήθη σχοῖνος ψευδὴς γραμματεῦσιν

How will you say, 'We are wise, and the law of the Lord is with us'? In vain the false measuring-line came to be for the scribes.

Exposureasyndeton
Possession of sacred instruction is shown to be empty when interpretation and practice are falsified.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
πῶςhowD · πῶςconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationπῶς: lexical item rendered 'how' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐρεῖτεsayVF2 FAI2P · εἶπονverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionεἶπον: lexical item rendered 'say' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὅτιbecause/thatC · ὅτιconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationὅτι: lexical item rendered 'because/that' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
σοφοίwiseA1 NPM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceσοφός: lexical item rendered 'wise' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐσμενbeV9 PAI1P · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἡμεῖςme/IRP NP · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential contributionἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
νόμοςlawN2 NSM · νόμοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceνόμος: lexical item rendered 'law' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐστὶνbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μεθ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingμετά: lexical item rendered 'with' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἡμῶνme/IRP GP · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἰςinto/forP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into/for' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μάτηνin vainD · μάτηνconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationμάτην: lexical item rendered 'in vain' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐγενήθηἐγενήθηVCI API3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleγίγνομαι: lexical item rendered 'ἐγενήθη' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
σχοῖνοςpen/reedN2 NSM · σχοῖνοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceσχοῖνος: lexical item rendered 'pen/reed' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ψευδὴςfalseA3H NSM · ψευδήςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceψευδής: lexical item rendered 'false' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
γραμματεῦσινscribesN3V DPM · γραμματεύςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereγραμματεύς: lexical item rendered 'scribes' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
9

ᾐσχύνθησαν σοφοὶ καὶ ἐπτοήθησαν καὶ ἑάλωσαν ὅτι τὸν λόγον κυρίου ἀπεδοκίμασαν σοφία τίς ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς

The wise were put to shame and alarmed and captured, because they rejected the word of the Lord; what wisdom is in them?

Oracleasyndeton
The unit defines true wisdom by reception of the Lord's word, not by social or scribal status.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ᾐσχύνθησανput to shameVCI API3P · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleαἰσχύνω: lexical item rendered 'put to shame' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
σοφοὶwiseA1 NPM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceσοφός: lexical item rendered 'wise' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐπτοήθησανalarmVCI API3P · πτοέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleπτοέω: lexical item rendered 'alarm' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἑάλωσανἑάλωσανVZI AAI3P · ἁλίσκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleἁλίσκω: lexical item rendered 'ἑάλωσαν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὅτιbecause/thatC · ὅτιconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationὅτι: lexical item rendered 'because/that' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalλόγος: lexical item rendered 'word' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπεδοκίμασανἀπεδοκίμασανVAI AAI3P · δοκιμάζω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleδοκιμάζω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'ἀπεδοκίμασαν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
σοφίαwisdomN1A NSF · σοφίαnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceσοφία: lexical item rendered 'wisdom' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τίςwhatRI NSF · τίςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential contributionτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοῖςhim/them/hisRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential or indirect-object emphasisαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
10

διὰ τοῦτο δώσω τὰς γυναῖκας αὐτῶν ἑτέροις καὶ τοὺς ἀγροὺς αὐτῶν τοῖς κληρονόμοις

Therefore I will give their wives to others and their fields to heirs.

Judgmentasyndeton
Loss of household and land answers the fraudulent wisdom just denounced.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingδιά: lexical item rendered 'because of' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοῦτοthisRD ASN · οὗτοςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionδίδωμι: lexical item rendered 'give' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalγυνή: lexical item rendered 'wives' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῶνhim/them/hisRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἑτέροιςothersA1A DPM · ἕτεροςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereἕτερος: lexical item rendered 'others' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀγροὺςfieldsN2 APM · ἀγρόςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalἀγρός: lexical item rendered 'fields' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῶνhim/them/hisRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κληρονόμοιςheirsN2 DPM · κληρονόμοςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereκληρονόμος: lexical item rendered 'heirs' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
13

καὶ συνάξουσιν τὰ γενήματα αὐτῶν λέγει κύριος οὐκ ἔστιν σταφυλὴ ἐν ταῖς ἀμπέλοις καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν σῦκα ἐν ταῖς συκαῖς καὶ τὰ φύλλα κατερρύηκεν

They will gather up their produce, says the Lord; there is no grape on the vines and there are no figs on the fig trees, and the leaves have fallen away.

Judgmentasyndeton
The land itself reflects judgment in failed harvest and stripped fertility.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
συνάξουσινσυνάξουσινVF FAI3P · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionἄγω + συν: lexical item rendered 'συνάξουσιν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
γενήματαproduceN3M APN · γένημαaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalγένημα: lexical item rendered 'produce' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῶνhim/them/hisRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleλέγω: lexical item rendered 'say' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
σταφυλὴgrapeN1 NSF · σταφυλήnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceσταφυλή: lexical item rendered 'grape' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀμπέλοιςvinesN2 DPF · ἄμπελοςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereἄμπελος: lexical item rendered 'vines' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
σῦκαfigsN2N NPN · σῦκονnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceσῦκον: lexical item rendered 'figs' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
συκαῖςfig treesN1 DPF · συκῆdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereσυκῆ: lexical item rendered 'fig trees' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
φύλλαleavesN2N NPN · φύλλονnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceφύλλον: lexical item rendered 'leaves' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κατερρύηκενκατερρύηκενVX XAI3S · ῥέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleῥέω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'κατερρύηκεν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
14

ἐπὶ τί ἡμεῖς καθήμεθα συνάχθητε καὶ εἰσέλθωμεν εἰς τὰς πόλεις τὰς ὀχυρὰς καὶ ἀπορριφῶμεν ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ἀπέρριψεν ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐπότισεν ἡμᾶς ὕδωρ χολῆς ὅτι ἡμάρτομεν ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ

Why are we sitting still? Gather together and let us enter the fortified cities and be cast down there, because God has cast us off and made us drink gall-water, because we sinned against him.

Lamentasyndeton
Communal speech breaks in, recognizing that even retreat into strongholds cannot escape divine sentence.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἡμεῖςme/IRP NP · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential contributionἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καθήμεθαsit stillV5 PMI1P · ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseἧμαι + κατα: lexical item rendered 'sit still' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
συνάχθητεgather togetherVC APD2P · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ command or prohibitive forceἄγω + συν: lexical item rendered 'gather together' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἰσέλθωμενεἰσέλθωμενVB AAS1P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseἔρχομαι + εἰς: lexical item rendered 'εἰσέλθωμεν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἰςinto/forP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into/for' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalπόλις: lexical item rendered 'cities' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀχυρὰςfortifiedA1A APF · ὀχυρόςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalὀχυρός: lexical item rendered 'fortified' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπορριφῶμενἀπορριφῶμενVV APS1S · ῥίπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseῥίπτω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'ἀπορριφῶμεν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὅτιbecause/thatC · ὅτιconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationὅτι: lexical item rendered 'because/that' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
theRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceθεός: lexical item rendered 'God' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπέρριψενἀπέρριψενVAI AAI3S · ῥίπτω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleῥίπτω + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'ἀπέρριψεν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἡμᾶςme/IRP AP · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐπότισενmake drinkVAI AAI3S · ποτίζωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleποτίζω: lexical item rendered 'make drink' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἡμᾶςme/IRP AP · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalὕδωρ: lexical item rendered 'water' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
χολῆςgallN1 GSF · χολήgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationχολή: lexical item rendered 'gall' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὅτιbecause/thatC · ὅτιconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationὅτι: lexical item rendered 'because/that' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἡμάρτομενsinVBI AAI1P · ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleἁμαρτάνω: lexical item rendered 'sin' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐναντίονἐναντίονP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐναντίον: lexical item rendered 'ἐναντίον' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοῦhim/them/hisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
15

συνήχθημεν εἰς εἰρήνην καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἀγαθά εἰς καιρὸν ἰάσεως καὶ ἰδοὺ σπουδή

We waited for peace, and there were no good things; for a time of healing, and behold, panic.

Disappointmentasyndeton
Expected restoration collapses into alarm, compressing hope and disaster into one line.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
συνήχθημενσυνήχθημενVQI API1P · ἄγω + συνverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleἄγω + συν: lexical item rendered 'συνήχθημεν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἰςinto/forP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into/for' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalεἰρήνη: lexical item rendered 'peace' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀγαθάgood thingsA1 NPN · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceἀγαθός: lexical item rendered 'good things' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἰςinto/forP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into/for' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καιρὸνtimeN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalκαιρός: lexical item rendered 'time' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἰάσεωςhealingN3I GSF · ἴασιςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationἴασις: lexical item rendered 'healing' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἰδού: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
σπουδήpanic/terrorN1 NSF · σπουδήnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceσπουδή: lexical item rendered 'panic/terror' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
16

ἐκ Δαν ἀκουσόμεθα φωνὴν ὀξύτητος ἵππων αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ φωνῆς χρεμετισμοῦ ἱππασίας ἵππων αὐτοῦ ἐσείσθη πᾶσα ἡ γῆ καὶ ἥξει καὶ καταφάγεται τὴν γῆν καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς πόλιν καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν αὐτῇ

From Dan we will hear the sound of the sharpness of his horses; from the sound of the neighing of his cavalry the whole land was shaken, and he will come and devour the land and its fullness, the city and those dwelling in it.

Invasionasyndeton
The northern threat is heard before it is seen, and its arrival means comprehensive consumption.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐκ: lexical item rendered 'from' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ΔανDanN GSM · Δανindeclinable or proper-name element within the clause→ local semantic contributionΔαν: lexical item rendered 'Dan' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀκουσόμεθαhearVF FMI1P · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionἀκούω: lexical item rendered 'hear' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
φωνὴνvoiceN1 ASF · φωνήaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀξύτητοςsnorting/sharpnessN3T GSF · ὀξύτηςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationὀξύτης: lexical item rendered 'snorting/sharpness' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationἵππος: lexical item rendered 'horse' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοῦhim/them/hisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπὸἀπὸP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'ἀπὸ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
φωνῆςvoiceN1 GSF · φωνήgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
χρεμετισμοῦsnortingN2 GSM · χρεμετισμόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationχρεμετισμός: lexical item rendered 'snorting' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἱππασίαςcavalryN1A GSF · ἱππασίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationἱππασία: lexical item rendered 'cavalry' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPM · ἵπποςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationἵππος: lexical item rendered 'horse' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτοῦhim/them/hisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐσείσθηshakeVCI API3S · σείωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleσείω: lexical item rendered 'shake' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceπᾶς: lexical item rendered 'all' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
theRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἥξειcomeVF FAI3S · ἥκωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionἥκω: lexical item rendered 'come' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καταφάγεταικαταφάγεταιVF FMI3S · ἐσθίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionἐσθίω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'καταφάγεται' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πλήρωμαfullnessN3M ASN · πλήρωμαaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalπλήρωμα: lexical item rendered 'fullness' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῆςhim/them/hisRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πόλινcitiesN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalπόλις: lexical item rendered 'cities' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κατοικοῦνταςκατοικοῦνταςV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'κατοικοῦντας' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῇhim/them/hisRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential or indirect-object emphasisαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
17

διότι ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐξαποστέλλω εἰς ὑμᾶς ὄφεις θανατοῦντας οἷς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπᾷσαι καὶ δήξονται ὑμᾶς

Because behold, I am sending among you deadly serpents, against which there is no charming, and they shall bite you.

Judgmentasyndeton
The Lord himself commissions an inescapable plague-image for the coming punishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
διότιδιότιC · διότιconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationδιότι: lexical item rendered 'διότι' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἰδού: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐγὼme/IRP NS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential contributionἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐξαποστέλλωsend outV1 PAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: lexical item rendered 'send out' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
εἰςinto/forP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingεἰς: lexical item rendered 'into/for' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὑμᾶςyou/yourRP AP · σύpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceσύ: lexical item rendered 'you/your' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὄφειςὄφειςN3I APM · ὄφιςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalὄφις: lexical item rendered 'ὄφεις' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
θανατοῦνταςθανατοῦνταςV4 · παπαπμ θανατόωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπαπαπμ θανατόω: lexical item rendered 'θανατοῦντας' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οἷςwhichRR DPM · ὅςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential or indirect-object emphasisὅς: lexical item rendered 'which' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐπᾷσαιἐπᾷσαιVA AAN · ἐπαί̈ωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseἐπαί̈ω: lexical item rendered 'ἐπᾷσαι' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
δήξονταιbiteVF FMI3P · δάκνωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionδάκνω: lexical item rendered 'bite' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὑμᾶςyou/yourRP AP · σύpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceσύ: lexical item rendered 'you/your' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
18

ἀνίατα μετ' ὀδύνης καρδίας ὑμῶν ἀπορουμένης

There is no healing for your grief, with your heart in bewilderment.

Lamentasyndeton
The prophetic voice names the wound as internally disorienting and beyond ordinary remedy.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
ἀνίαταincurableA1B NPN · ἀνίατοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceἀνίατος: lexical item rendered 'incurable' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingμετά: lexical item rendered 'with' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀδύνηςpainN1 GSF · ὀδύνηgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationὀδύνη: lexical item rendered 'pain' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationκαρδία: lexical item rendered 'heart' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὑμῶνyou/yourRP GP · σύpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceσύ: lexical item rendered 'you/your' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπορουμένηςἀπορουμένηςV2 · πππγσφ ἀπορέωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπππγσφ ἀπορέω: lexical item rendered 'ἀπορουμένης' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
19

ἰδοὺ φωνὴ κραυγῆς θυγατρὸς λαοῦ μου ἀπὸ γῆς μακρόθεν μὴ κύριος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν Σιων ἢ βασιλεὺς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκεῖ διὰ τί παρώργισάν με ἐν τοῖς γλυπτοῖς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐν ματαίοις ἀλλοτρίοις

Behold, the sound of the cry of the daughter of my people from a land far away: 'Is the Lord not in Zion, or is her king not there?' Why did they provoke me with their carved images and with foreign vanities?

Dialogueasyndeton
The people's distant cry of abandonment is answered by the Lord's counter-question about idolatrous provocation.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἰδού: lexical item rendered 'behold' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
φωνὴvoiceN1 NSF · φωνήnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceφωνή: lexical item rendered 'voice' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κραυγῆςcryN1 GSF · κραυγήgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationκραυγή: lexical item rendered 'cry' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
θυγατρὸςdaughtersN3 GSF · θυγάτηρgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered 'daughters' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μουme/IRP GS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπὸἀπὸP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἀπό: lexical item rendered 'ἀπὸ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationγῆ: lexical item rendered 'land' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μακρόθενfar awayD · μακρόθενconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationμακρόθεν: lexical item rendered 'far away' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μὴnotD · μήconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceκύριος: lexical item rendered 'Lord' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ΣιωνZionN DSF · Σιωνindeclinable or proper-name element within the clause→ local semantic contributionΣιων: lexical item rendered 'Zion' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
C · ἤconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἤ: lexical item rendered 'ἢ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
βασιλεὺςkingsN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceβασιλεύς: lexical item rendered 'kings' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἐκεῖ: lexical item rendered 'there' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingδιά: lexical item rendered 'because of' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
παρώργισάνπαρώργισάνVAI AAI3P · ὀργίζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleὀργίζω + παρα: lexical item rendered 'παρώργισάν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μεme/IRP AS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
γλυπτοῖςcarved imagesA1 DPM · γλυπτόςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereγλυπτός: lexical item rendered 'carved images' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
αὐτῶνhim/them/hisRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceαὐτός: lexical item rendered 'him/them/his' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ματαίοιςvainA1A DPM · μάταιοςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereμάταιος: lexical item rendered 'vain' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀλλοτρίοιςforeignA1A DPM · ἀλλότριοςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereἀλλότριος: lexical item rendered 'foreign' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
20

διῆλθεν θέρος παρῆλθεν ἄμητος καὶ ἡμεῖς οὐ διεσώθημεν

Summer passed, harvest went by, and we were not saved.

Lamentasyndeton
Seasonal time itself becomes evidence that hoped-for deliverance never arrived.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
διῆλθενδιῆλθενVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleἔρχομαι + δια: lexical item rendered 'διῆλθεν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
θέροςsummerN3E NSN · θέροςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceθέρος: lexical item rendered 'summer' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
παρῆλθενπαρῆλθενVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleἔρχομαι + παρα: lexical item rendered 'παρῆλθεν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἄμητοςharvestN2 NSM · ἀμητόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceἀμητός: lexical item rendered 'harvest' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἡμεῖςme/IRP NP · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential contributionἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
διεσώθημενδιεσώθημενVCI API1P · σώζω + διαverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleσώζω + δια: lexical item rendered 'διεσώθημεν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
21

ἐπὶ συντρίμματι θυγατρὸς λαοῦ μου ἐσκοτώθην ἀπορίᾳ κατίσχυσάν με ὠδῖνες ὡς τικτούσης

At the crushing of the daughter of my people I was darkened; distress took hold of me, pangs like a woman giving birth overpowered me.

Prophetic Griefasyndeton
Jeremiah identifies himself with the people's wound until his own body registers their collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐπί: lexical item rendered 'upon' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
συντρίμματιcrushingN3M DSN · σύντριμμαdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereσύντριμμα: lexical item rendered 'crushing' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
θυγατρὸςdaughtersN3 GSF · θυγάτηρgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered 'daughters' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μουme/IRP GS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐσκοτώθηνbe darkenedVCI API1S · σκοτόωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleσκοτόω: lexical item rendered 'be darkened' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀπορίᾳdistressN1A DSF · ἀπορίαdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereἀπορία: lexical item rendered 'distress' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κατίσχυσάνκατίσχυσάνVA AAI3P · ἰσχύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleἰσχύω + κατα: lexical item rendered 'κατίσχυσάν' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μεme/IRP AS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὠδῖνεςbirth pangsN3 NPF · ὠδίνnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceὠδίν: lexical item rendered 'birth pangs' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὡςὡςC · ὡςconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationὡς: lexical item rendered 'ὡς' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τικτούσηςτικτούσηςV1 · παπγσφ τίκτωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseπαπγσφ τίκτω: lexical item rendered 'τικτούσης' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
22

μὴ ῥητίνη οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν Γαλααδ ἢ ἰατρὸς οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκεῖ διὰ τί οὐκ ἀνέβη ἴασις θυγατρὸς λαοῦ μου

Is there no balm in Gilead, or is there no physician there? Why then has no healing come up for the daughter of my people?

Rhetorical Questionasyndeton
The famous closing question crystallizes the scandal of an uncured covenant people.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
μὴnotD · μήconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationμή: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ῥητίνηbalm/resinN1 NSF · ῥητίνηnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceῥητίνη: lexical item rendered 'balm/resin' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingἐν: lexical item rendered 'in' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ΓαλααδGileadN DSM · Γαλαάδindeclinable or proper-name element within the clause→ local semantic contributionΓαλαάδ: lexical item rendered 'Gilead' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
C · ἤconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἤ: lexical item rendered 'ἢ' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἰατρὸςphysicianN2 NSM · ἰατρόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceἰατρός: lexical item rendered 'physician' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleεἰμί: lexical item rendered 'be' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationἐκεῖ: lexical item rendered 'there' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
διὰbecause ofP · διάpreposition governing the following phrase→ prepositional framingδιά: lexical item rendered 'because of' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
οὐκnotD · οὐconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationοὐ: lexical item rendered 'not' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἀνέβηἀνέβηVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleβαίνω + ἀνα: lexical item rendered 'ἀνέβη' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant or predicate prominenceἴασις: lexical item rendered 'healing' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
θυγατρὸςdaughtersN3 GSF · θυγάτηρgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered 'daughters' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μουme/IRP GS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
23

τίς δώσει κεφαλῇ μου ὕδωρ καὶ ὀφθαλμοῖς μου πηγὴν δακρύων καὶ κλαύσομαι τὸν λαόν μου τοῦτον ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός τοὺς τετραυματισμένους θυγατρὸς λαοῦ μου

Who will give water to my head and to my eyes a fountain of tears, so that I may weep for this people day and night, for the wounded of the daughter of my people?

Lament Wishasyndeton
Ends not with solution but with a wish for inexhaustible tears over Judah's wounded condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
τίςwhatRI NSM · τίςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ referential contributionτίς: lexical item rendered 'what' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
δώσειgiveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionδίδωμι: lexical item rendered 'give' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κεφαλῇheadN1 DSF · κεφαλήdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereκεφαλή: lexical item rendered 'head' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μουme/IRP GS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὕδωρwaterN3 ASN · ὕδωρaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalὕδωρ: lexical item rendered 'water' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ὀφθαλμοῖςὀφθαλμοῖςN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative term marking reference, sphere, or indirect object→ reference, instrument, or sphereὀφθαλμός: lexical item rendered 'ὀφθαλμοῖς' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μουme/IRP GS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
πηγὴνfountainN1 ASF · πηγήaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalπηγή: lexical item rendered 'fountain' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
δακρύωνδακρύωνN2N GPN · δάκρυgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationδάκρυ: lexical item rendered 'δακρύων' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
κλαύσομαιweepVF FMI1S · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ future or projected actionκλαίω: lexical item rendered 'weep' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λαόνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative term functioning as object or complement→ object focus or directional goalλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μουme/IRP GS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοῦτονthisRD ASM · οὗτοςpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ object referenceοὗτος: lexical item rendered 'this' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
ἡμέραςdayN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationἡμέρα: lexical item rendered 'day' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
καὶandC · καίconnective or adverbial element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or qualificationκαί: lexical item rendered 'and' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
νυκτόςnightN3 GSF · νύξgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationνύξ: lexical item rendered 'night' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ definiteness marking within the phraseὁ: lexical item rendered 'the' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
τετραυματισμένουςτετραυματισμένουςVT · χμπαπμ τραυματίζωverbal form carrying the action, assertion, or command of the clause→ verbal contribution to the clauseχμπαπμ τραυματίζω: lexical item rendered 'τετραυματισμένους' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
θυγατρὸςdaughtersN3 GSF · θυγάτηρgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationθυγάτηρ: lexical item rendered 'daughters' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςgenitive modifier qualifying relation or possession→ qualification or possessive relationλαός: lexical item rendered 'people' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.
μουme/IRP GS · ἐγώpronominal or relative element functioning within the clause→ possessive or relational referenceἐγώ: lexical item rendered 'me/I' in this chapter's prophetic discourse about public shame, failed wisdom, invasion, and lament.