1
καὶ ἐγένετο τὰ ὅρια υἱῶν Ιωσηφ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ιορδάνου τοῦ κατὰ Ιεριχω ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν καὶ ἀναβήσεται ἀπὸ Ιεριχω εἰς τὴν ὀρεινὴν τὴν ἔρημον εἰς Βαιθηλ Λουζα
And the boundary of the sons of Joseph was from the Jordan by Jericho on the east; and it goes up from Jericho into the hill country, the wilderness, to Bethel, Luz.
καὶ ἐγένετο renders the waw-consecutive narrative formula וַיְהִי and opens the allotment-description for the Joseph tribes. The verse pivots from the static statement of the boundary's eastern anchor (ἀπὸ τοῦ Ιορδάνου … ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν) to the dynamic itinerary verb ἀναβήσεται ('it goes up'), which personifies the border-line as it traces westward and upward from Jericho into the hill country.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγένετοwas / came to beAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (καὶ ἐγένετο narrative formula)→ constative aorist (the boundary as an established allotment-fact)γίνομαι: 'become / come to be'; καὶ ἐγένετο renders the Hebrew narrative-opening וַיְהִי; here it introduces the description of the Joseph tribes' allotted boundary; the singular agrees with the neuter-plural subject τὰ ὅρια.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαboundary / bordersNominativesubject of ἐγένετο (neuter plural)ὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'boundary / border / territory'; renders Hebrew גְּבוּל; the leitwort of the allotment chapters (13–21), denoting the surveyed border-line that defines each tribe's inheritance.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive of possession (whose boundary)υἱός: 'son'; υἱοὶ Ιωσηφ = 'the sons of Joseph,' the collective term for the two Joseph tribes Ephraim and Manasseh, named explicitly in v. 4.
Ιωσηφof Josephgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)Ιωσηφ: indeclinable transliteration of Hebrew יוֹסֵף; the patriarch Joseph, whose 'sons' Ephraim and Manasseh form the double Joseph-portion in the land.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: eastern anchor of the line)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the eastern starting-point)Ιορδάνης (gen. Ιορδάνου): the Jordan river, here the eastern terminus of the Joseph boundary; a fully Hellenized first-declension proper noun, declined by morphology.
τοῦthe (one)Genitivesubstantival article ('the [Jordan] that is by Jericho')the article τοῦ governs the prepositional phrase κατὰ Ιεριχω attributively: 'the Jordan that is opposite Jericho.'
κατὰby / oppositepreposition + accusative (location: 'opposite Jericho')κατὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΙεριχωJerichoaccusative object of κατά (indeclinable toponym)Ιεριχω: Jericho (יְרִיחוֹ); indeclinable transliteration; the southeastern landmark anchoring the boundary near the Jordan.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (elided before vowel; orientation: 'on the east')ἀπ᾿: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἀνατολῶνthe east / risingsGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (compass orientation)ἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολαί): 'rising (of the sun) / east'; ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν = 'from / on the east'; a structural seam orienting the survey on its east–west axis.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (shift to itinerary verb)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀναβήσεταιit goes upFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωmain verb (boundary-itinerary, subject = τὰ ὅρια)→ descriptive future (border traced as a moving line)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / ascend'; the first of the chain of future-tense 'itinerary' verbs (ἀναβήσεται, ἐξελεύσεται, παρελεύσεται, διελεύσεται …) that personify the boundary; renders the Hebrew weqatal boundary-formula; the ascent reflects the real rise from the Jordan rift up into the central hill country.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΙεριχωJerichogenitive object of ἀπό (indeclinable toponym)Ιεριχω: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἰςinto / topreposition + accusative (goal of ascent)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ὀρεινήν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινὴνhill countryAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (substantivized adjective)ὀρεινή (fem. subst. adj.): 'the hill country / mountain region'; renders Hebrew הָהָר; the standard LXX designation for the Judean–Ephraimite central highland.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἔρημον)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔρημονwildernessAccusativeattributive (in apposition: 'the hill country, the wilderness')ἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; here the desert highland between Jericho and Bethel; the doubled article (τὴν ὀρεινὴν τὴν ἔρημον) renders the Hebrew construct/apposition describing the same terrain.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΒαιθηλBethelaccusative goal of εἰς (indeclinable toponym)Βαιθηλ: Bethel (בֵּית־אֵל, 'house of God'); a key Ephraimite border-sanctuary town.
ΛουζαLuzaccusative goal (indeclinable toponym, juxtaposed to Βαιθηλ)Λουζα: Luz (לוּז), the older name of the Bethel locality (cf. Gen 28:19; Josh 18:13); here juxtaposed with Bethel, the LXX reflecting the close pairing of the two names in the Vorlage.
2
καὶ ἐξελεύσεται εἰς Βαιθηλ καὶ παρελεύσεται ἐπὶ τὰ ὅρια τοῦ Χαταρωθι
And it goes out to Bethel, and passes along to the border of Ataroth (Chataroth).
Two further itinerary verbs (ἐξελεύσεται, παρελεύσεται) advance the border from Bethel along the territory of Ataroth. The verse is a compact link in the boundary-chain; its toponym Χαταρωθι corresponds to MT Ataroth (עַטְרוֹת / אַטְרוֹת אַדָּר), the initial Χ- reflecting a transliteration of the Hebrew article or guttural.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐξελεύσεταιit goes outFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (boundary-itinerary, subject = τὰ ὅρια)→ descriptive future (border traced as a moving line)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / proceed'; an itinerary verb continuing the border-line; the compound ἐξ- marks the line's emergence toward the next landmark.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΒαιθηλBethelaccusative goal of εἰς (indeclinable toponym)Βαιθηλ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
παρελεύσεταιit passes alongFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · παρέρχομαιmain verb (boundary-itinerary)→ descriptive future (border traced as a moving line)παρέρχομαι: 'pass by / pass along'; the compound παρα- depicts the line running alongside the territory of Ataroth; a standard boundary-itinerary verb.
ἐπὶto / uponpreposition + accusative (goal of the line)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὅρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the border of Ataroth)ὅριον (pl. ὅρια): here 'the border / territory' of the town Ataroth; the leitwort recurs to mark the line's intersection with another district's edge.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (genitive, with the toponym)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαταρωθιAtaroth (Chataroth)genitive of relationship (indeclinable toponym; 'border of Ataroth')Χαταρωθι: most likely the LXX transliteration of MT Ataroth / Ataroth-addar (עַטְרוֹת אַדָּר); the initial Χ- and final -ι reflect mechanical rendering of a Hebrew form difficult to align with the MT.
3
καὶ διελεύσεται ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅρια Απταλιμ ἕως τῶν ὁρίων Βαιθωρων τὴν κάτω καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν
And it crosses over toward the sea, to the border of Aptalim (Japhletite), as far as the territory of Beth-horon the Lower; and its outgoing shall be at the sea.
The line now turns decisively westward (ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν, 'toward the sea' = the Mediterranean), passing the Japhletite border (Απταλιμ) and Beth-horon the Lower, until its διέξοδος ('outgoing / terminus') reaches the sea. ἔσται ('shall be') with ἡ διέξοδος is the standard formula closing a boundary segment at its end-point.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
διελεύσεταιit crosses overFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · διέρχομαιmain verb (boundary-itinerary)→ descriptive future (border traced as a moving line)διέρχομαι: 'go through / cross over'; the compound δια- marks the line traversing the terrain westward toward the coast.
ἐπὶtowardpreposition + accusative (direction: 'toward the sea')ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θάλασσαν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the Mediterranean = west)θάλασσα: 'sea'; renders Hebrew יָם, which also means 'west'; in boundary-lists ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν marks both the western direction and the Mediterranean terminus.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (intermediate landmark)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὅρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the border of Aptalim)ὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border / territory'; here the edge of the Japhletite district.
ΑπταλιμAptalim (Japhletite)genitive of relationship (indeclinable toponym/gentilic)Απταλιμ: transliteration corresponding to MT 'the Japhletite' (הַיַּפְלֵטִי, Josh 16:3); the LXX renders the gentilic as an opaque place-name.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (limit: 'as far as')ἕως: 'until / as far as'; marks the western limit of this segment at Beth-horon the Lower.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ὁρίων)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρίωνterritory / bordersGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (the territory of Beth-horon)ὅριον (gen. pl. ὁρίων): 'borders / territory'; the genitive after ἕως marks the limit-point.
ΒαιθωρωνBeth-horongenitive of relationship (indeclinable toponym)Βαιθωρων: Beth-horon (בֵּית חוֹרוֹן); paired towns (Upper and Lower) on the Aijalon ascent; here 'the Lower' (τὴν κάτω) is specified.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (distinguishing 'the Lower' Beth-horon)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάτωlower / belowadverb used attributively (with article: 'the Lower')κάτω: indeclinable adverb 'below / lower'; τὴν κάτω = 'the lower (one)', distinguishing Lower Beth-horon (בֵּית חוֹרוֹן תַּחְתּוֹן) from Upper Beth-horon (v. 5).
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (boundary-terminus formula)→ predictive future (formulaic: marking the line's end-point)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος is the standard LXX formula closing a boundary-segment: 'its outgoing shall be at …'; renders Hebrew וְהָיוּ תֹצְאֹתָיו.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with διέξοδος)ἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoing / terminusNominativesubject of ἔσταιδιέξοδος: 'outgoing / outlet / terminus'; renders Hebrew תּוֹצָאוֹת; the technical boundary-term for the point where a border-line reaches its end (here, the sea); recurs at v. 8.
αὐτῶνof them / itsGenitivegenitive of possession (the outgoing of the borders)αὐτός: the genitive plural refers back to τὰ ὅρια ('the borders'); 'their outgoing' = the terminus of the boundary-line.
ἐπὶatpreposition + accusative (location of terminus)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θάλασσαν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the seaward terminus)θάλασσα: 'sea'; the Mediterranean as the western end-point of the Joseph boundary.
4
καὶ ἐκληρονόμησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ιωσηφ Εφραιμ καὶ Μανασση
And the sons of Joseph — Ephraim and Manasseh — received their inheritance.
A summarizing main clause closing section A: the boundary just traced belongs to the sons of Joseph, now identified by their tribal names Ephraim and Manasseh. The verb ἐκληρονόμησαν ('received as inheritance') is the technical allotment-term; Εφραιμ καὶ Μανασση stand in apposition to οἱ υἱοὶ Ιωσηφ.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐκληρονόμησανthey inherited / received as inheritanceAor Act Indic 3 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb (allotment summary)→ constative aorist (the inheritance as a completed grant)κληρονομέω: 'inherit / take possession by lot'; renders Hebrew נָחַל; the technical verb of the allotment narratives, cognate with κλῆρος ('lot') and κληρονομία ('inheritance').
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἐκληρονόμησανυἱός (pl. υἱοί): 'sons'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ιωσηφ here resolved into the two named tribes.
Ιωσηφof Josephgenitive of relationship (indeclinable proper noun)Ιωσηφ: indeclinable; the patriarch Joseph, ancestor of the double tribe.
ΕφραιμEphraimnominative in apposition to οἱ υἱοί (indeclinable tribal name)Εφραιμ: indeclinable transliteration of אֶפְרַיִם; the younger Joseph tribe, whose detailed boundary follows in vv. 5–9; it gives its name to the central hill-country territory.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΜανασσηManassehnominative in apposition (indeclinable tribal name)Μανασση: indeclinable transliteration of מְנַשֶּׁה; the elder Joseph tribe, whose own allotment is treated in ch. 17; here named alongside Ephraim as the second Joseph-portion.
5
καὶ ἐγενήθη ὅρια υἱῶν Εφραιμ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν καὶ ἐγενήθη τὰ ὅρια τῆς κληρονομίας αὐτῶν ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν Αταρωθ καὶ Εροκ ἕως Βαιθωρων τὴν ἄνω καὶ Γαζαρα
And the boundary of the sons of Ephraim by their families came to be; and the boundary of their inheritance was from the east: Ataroth and Erok as far as Beth-horon the Upper and Gazara.
Section B narrows from the joint Joseph-lot to Ephraim alone. The repeated ἐγενήθη ('came to be') frames the survey, and κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ('by their families / districts') signals the sub-tribal subdivision typical of the allotment-lists. The eastern anchor (ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν) again opens the east–west axis, naming Ataroth, Erok, Upper Beth-horon and Gazara as its initial landmarks.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηcame to be / wasAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (boundary-establishment formula)→ constative aorist (the Ephraimite boundary as established fact)γίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'become / come to be'; the passive form is the regular LXX equivalent of the active middle ἐγένετο in this period; here it introduces the boundary of Ephraim proper.
ὅριαboundaryNominativesubject of ἐγενήθη (anarthrous neuter plural)ὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'boundary / border'; the survey-term recurs as the subject of the establishing formula.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive of possession (whose boundary)υἱός: 'son'; υἱοὶ Εφραιμ = the Ephraimites.
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)Εφραιμ: indeclinable; here the tribe whose specific allotment is now described.
κατὰaccording to / bypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by families')κατά + accusative: distributive 'according to / by'; κατὰ δήμους = 'family by family,' the standard subdivision-formula of the allotment-lists.
δήμουςfamilies / districtsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)δῆμος: 'people / district / clan'; renders Hebrew מִשְׁפָּחוֹת ('families / clans'); the sub-tribal units by which the territory is parcelled.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the Ephraimites' families)αὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resumptive)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐγενήθηwas / came to beAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (resumptive repetition of the formula)→ constative aorist (the boundary fixed)γίνομαι (aor. pass.): the repeated ἐγενήθη resumes the survey after the family-subdivision note, now specifying the line itself.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαboundaryNominativesubject of the second ἐγενήθηὅριον (pl. ὅρια): now articular, 'the [aforementioned] boundary' of their inheritance.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with κληρονομίας)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαςinheritanceGenitivegenitive (the boundary of their inheritance)κληρονομία: 'inheritance / possession by lot'; renders Hebrew נַחֲלָה; the allotted patrimony of the tribe, cognate with κληρονομέω (v. 4).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (eastern orientation)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἀνατολῶνthe eastGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (compass orientation)ἀνατολή (pl.): 'east'; ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν again opens the survey from the eastern side.
ΑταρωθAtarothnominative/landmark in apposition (indeclinable toponym)Αταρωθ: Ataroth (עַטְרוֹת); an Ephraimite border-town; cf. the related Χαταρωθι of v. 2.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΕροκEroklandmark (indeclinable toponym)Εροκ: a border-town corresponding to MT Atroth-addar / Adar (the alignment is uncertain); an opaque transliteration.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive (limit)ἕως: 'as far as'; marks the western limit at Upper Beth-horon.
ΒαιθωρωνBeth-horongenitive of limit (indeclinable toponym)Βαιθωρων: Beth-horon; here the Upper town (τὴν ἄνω), paired with Lower Beth-horon of v. 3.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (distinguishing 'the Upper')τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνωupper / aboveadverb used attributively (with article: 'the Upper')ἄνω: indeclinable adverb 'above / upper'; τὴν ἄνω = 'the upper (one)', distinguishing Upper Beth-horon (בֵּית חוֹרוֹן עֶלְיוֹן) from the Lower of v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΓαζαραGazara (Gezer)landmark (indeclinable toponym)Γαζαρα: the Hellenized form of Gezer (גֶּזֶר), the major western border-city later famous in the Maccabean period; in v. 10 the same site appears as Γαζερ, the alternate transliteration.
6
καὶ διελεύσεται τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν εἰς Ικασμων ἀπὸ βορρᾶ Θερμα περιελεύσεται ἐπὶ ἀνατολὰς εἰς Θηνασα καὶ Σελλησα καὶ παρελεύσεται ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν εἰς Ιανωκα
And the boundary crosses over toward the sea to Ikasmon; from the north, Therma; it circles round to the east to Thenasa and Sellesa, and passes along from the east to Ianoka.
The densest toponym-cluster of the chapter. Itinerary verbs (διελεύσεται, περιελεύσεται, παρελεύσεται) trace the line seaward, then circle (περι-) back eastward through a series of towns (Ikasmon, Therma, Thenasa, Sellesa, Ianoka) that are largely unidentifiable and diverge sharply from MT. The directional markers ἀπὸ βορρᾶ ('from the north'), ἐπὶ ἀνατολάς and ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν ('to/from the east') structure the circuit.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
διελεύσεταιit crosses overFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · διέρχομαιmain verb (boundary-itinerary, subject = τὰ ὅρια)→ descriptive future (border traced as a moving line)διέρχομαι: 'go through / cross over'; an itinerary verb continuing the survey toward the sea.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαboundaryNominativesubject of διελεύσεταιὅριον (pl. ὅρια): the border-line, explicit subject here.
ἐπὶtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θάλασσαν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσανseaAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the sea = west)θάλασσα: 'sea / west'; the Mediterranean direction.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΙκασμωνIkasmon (Michmethath)accusative goal (indeclinable toponym)Ικασμων: a border-town corresponding (uncertainly) to MT Michmethath (הַמִּכְמְתָת, Josh 16:6); an opaque transliteration with no secure identification.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (directional: 'from the north')ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
βορρᾶnorthGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (compass orientation)βορρᾶς (gen. βορρᾶ): 'the north (wind) / north'; renders Hebrew צָפוֹן; orients this segment of the circuit.
ΘερμαTherma (Taanath-shiloh)landmark (indeclinable toponym)Θερμα: a northern landmark, perhaps reflecting MT Taanath-shiloh (תַּאֲנַת שִׁלֹה); the alignment is uncertain.
περιελεύσεταιit circles roundFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · περιέρχομαιmain verb (boundary-itinerary)→ descriptive future (border traced as a moving line)περιέρχομαι: 'go around / circle'; the compound περι- depicts the line bending back from the north toward the east; a turning-point in the circuit.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (direction: eastward)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἀνατολὰςthe eastAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (direction)ἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολαί): 'east'; ἐπὶ ἀνατολάς = 'eastward', the direction of the circuit's turn.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΘηνασαThenasaaccusative goal (indeclinable toponym)Θηνασα: an eastern border-town; unidentified, with no secure MT equivalent.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΣελλησαSellesalandmark (indeclinable toponym)Σελλησα: a border-town paired with Thenasa; unidentified.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
παρελεύσεταιit passes alongFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · παρέρχομαιmain verb (boundary-itinerary)→ descriptive future (border traced as a moving line)παρέρχομαι: 'pass along'; continues the eastern circuit toward Ianoka.
ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (elided; 'from the east')ἀπ᾿: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ἀνατολῶνthe eastGenitivegenitive object of ἀπ᾿ (compass orientation)ἀνατολή (pl.): 'east'; ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν marks the eastern side of this final segment.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΙανωκαIanoka (Janoah)accusative goal (indeclinable toponym)Ιανωκα: corresponds to MT Janoah (יָנוֹחָה, Josh 16:6); a border-town on the eastern circuit.
7
καὶ εἰς Μαχω καὶ Αταρωθ καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν καὶ ἐλεύσεται ἐπὶ Ιεριχω καὶ διεκβαλεῖ ἐπὶ τὸν Ιορδάνην
And to Macho and Ataroth and their villages; and it comes to Jericho and goes out to the Jordan.
The circuit now descends southeastward through Macho and Ataroth (with their dependent villages, αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν) back down to Jericho, and the line 'goes out' (διεκβαλεῖ) to the Jordan — closing the eastern loop near where the Joseph boundary began (v. 1). The verb διεκβάλλω is the technical term for a border 'breaking through / debouching' to its limit.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal, continuing v. 6's line)εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΜαχωMachoaccusative goal (indeclinable toponym)Μαχω: a border-town; unidentified, perhaps reflecting an element of MT Naarath/Ataroth district; opaque transliteration.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΑταρωθAtarothlandmark (indeclinable toponym)Αταρωθ: Ataroth (עֲטָרוֹת / עַטְרוֹת); cf. v. 5; here grouped with its dependent villages.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with κῶμαι)αἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῶμαιvillagesNominativenominative (parenthetical: 'and their villages')κώμη (pl. κῶμαι): 'village / unwalled settlement'; renders Hebrew חַצְרֵיהֶן ('their settlements'); the dependent hamlets attached to the named towns.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the towns' villages)αὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandnarrative conjunction (resuming itinerary)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐλεύσεταιit comesFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (boundary-itinerary)→ descriptive future (border traced as a moving line)ἔρχομαι: 'come / go'; the simplex itinerary verb here brings the line down toward Jericho.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΙεριχωJerichoaccusative goal (indeclinable toponym)Ιεριχω: Jericho; the line returns near its v. 1 starting-region by the Jordan.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
διεκβαλεῖit goes out / debouchesFut Act Indic 3 Sg · διεκβάλλωmain verb (boundary-terminus itinerary)→ descriptive future (border breaking through to its limit)διεκβάλλω: 'break through / pass out to'; the technical boundary-verb for a line debouching at its end-point (here the Jordan); the double compound δι-εκ- intensifies the sense of the line emerging at its terminus.
ἐπὶat / topreposition + accusative (terminus)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιορδάνην)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνηνJordanAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the eastern terminus)Ιορδάνης (acc. Ιορδάνην): the Jordan river, eastern limit of the line; a fully Hellenized first-declension proper noun, declined by morphology.
8
καὶ ἀπὸ Ταφου πορεύσεται τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ θάλασσαν ἐπὶ Χελκανα καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτῶν ἐπὶ θάλασσαν αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς Εφραιμ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν
And from Taphou the boundary goes toward the sea, to Chelkana; and its outgoing shall be at the sea. This is the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim by their families.
The western boundary is completed: from Taphou the line runs seaward to Chelkana, its διέξοδος terminating at the sea (echoing v. 3). The verse then closes with the formulaic subscription αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία φυλῆς Εφραιμ κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν ('this is the inheritance of the tribe of Ephraim by their families'), the standard concluding rubric of each allotment-section, forming an inclusio with the κατὰ δήμους of v. 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point of western segment)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΤαφουTaphou (Tappuah)genitive object of ἀπό (indeclinable toponym)Ταφου: corresponds to MT Tappuah (תַּפּוּחַ, Josh 16:8); the boundary-town between Ephraim and Manasseh (cf. 17:8).
πορεύσεταιit goesFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · πορεύομαιmain verb (boundary-itinerary, subject = τὰ ὅρια)→ descriptive future (border traced as a moving line)πορεύομαι: 'go / proceed / journey'; another itinerary verb, here carrying the line westward to the sea.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαboundaryNominativesubject of πορεύσεταιὅριον (pl. ὅρια): the border-line, explicit subject.
ἐπὶtowardpreposition + accusative (direction; anarthrous θάλασσαν)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
θάλασσανseaAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the sea = west)θάλασσα: 'sea / west'; here anarthrous, the seaward direction.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (goal-town)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΧελκαναChelkana (Kanah)accusative goal (indeclinable toponym)Χελκανα: corresponds (uncertainly) to the Wadi/brook Kanah (נַחַל קָנָה, Josh 16:8) at the western boundary; an opaque transliteration.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (boundary-terminus formula)→ predictive future (formulaic terminus-marker)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): the terminus-formula ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος, repeated from v. 3, closes the western segment.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with διέξοδος)ἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoing / terminusNominativesubject of ἔσταιδιέξοδος: 'outgoing / terminus'; renders Hebrew תּוֹצָאוֹת; the border's seaward end-point, repeated from v. 3.
αὐτῶνits / of themGenitivegenitive of possession (the outgoing of the borders)αὐτός: refers to τὰ ὅρια; 'their outgoing.'
ἐπὶatpreposition + accusative (location of terminus)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
θάλασσανseaAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the seaward terminus)θάλασσα: the Mediterranean as the western end-point.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative subject of the subscription clauseοὗτος (fem. nom. αὕτη): 'this'; opens the formulaic subscription αὕτη ἡ κληρονομία … , the standard closing rubric summing up the tribe's allotment.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with κληρονομία)ἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαinheritanceNominativepredicate nominative (subscription: 'this is the inheritance')κληρονομία: 'inheritance / allotted possession'; renders Hebrew נַחֲלָה; the subscription marks the close of Ephraim's boundary-description.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive of possession (whose inheritance)φυλή: 'tribe'; renders Hebrew מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; the administrative-genealogical unit receiving the allotment.
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)Εφραιμ: indeclinable; the tribe whose inheritance is here summed up.
κατὰaccording to / bypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by families')κατά + accusative: distributive; κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν repeats the subdivision-formula of v. 5, forming an inclusio around section B.
δήμουςfamilies / districtsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)δῆμος: 'family / clan / district'; renders Hebrew מִשְׁפָּחוֹת.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
9
καὶ αἱ πόλεις αἱ ἀφορισθεῖσαι τοῖς υἱοῖς Εφραιμ ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς κληρονομίας υἱῶν Μανασση πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις καὶ αἱ κῶμαι αὐτῶν
And the cities set apart for the sons of Ephraim were in the midst of the inheritance of the sons of Manasseh — all the cities and their villages.
A verbless supplementary note (no finite verb; 'were' is supplied): besides its main territory, Ephraim held cities ἀφορισθεῖσαι ('set apart') as enclaves ἀνὰ μέσον ('in the midst of') the inheritance of Manasseh. This recognizes the intermingling of the two Joseph tribes and anticipates the Manasseh-allotment of ch. 17; the summary 'all the cities and their villages' closes the note.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with πόλεις)αἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesNominativesubject of the verbless clause (nominative plural)πόλις (pl. πόλεις): 'city / town'; renders Hebrew עָרִים; here the enclave-cities allotted to Ephraim within Manassite territory.
αἱtheNominativearticle (attributive, with the participle ἀφορισθεῖσαι)αἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφορισθεῖσαιset apartAor Pass Ptcp Nom Fem Pl · ἀφορίζωattributive participle (modifying αἱ πόλεις)→ resultative aorist participle (cities in a state of having been designated)ἀφορίζω: 'mark off / separate / set apart'; the aorist passive participle (with implicit divine/administrative agent) describes the cities as officially designated for Ephraim; renders the Hebrew nip'al/passive of 'separate'; the cities are 'set apart' as Ephraimite enclaves within Manasseh's land.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςfor the sonsDativedative of advantage (the beneficiaries of the setting-apart)υἱός (dat. pl. υἱοῖς): 'sons'; dative of advantage — the cities were set apart 'for the sons of Ephraim.'
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)Εφραιμ: indeclinable; the recipient tribe.
ἀνὰinpreposition (in the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον)ἀνά: in the fixed idiom ἀνὰ μέσον + genitive = 'in the midst of / between'; renders Hebrew בְּתוֹךְ.
μέσονthe midstAccusativeaccusative in the prepositional idiom ἀνὰ μέσον ('in the midst of')μέσος (subst. μέσον): 'middle / midst'; the Ephraimite cities lie embedded within Manasseh's inheritance.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with κληρονομίας)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαςinheritanceGenitivegenitive object of ἀνὰ μέσονκληρονομία: 'inheritance'; here Manasseh's allotted territory, within which Ephraim's enclave-cities lie.
υἱῶνof sonsGenitivegenitive of possession (whose inheritance)υἱός: 'son'; υἱοὶ Μανασση = the Manassites.
Μανασσηof Manassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)Μανασση: indeclinable; the elder Joseph tribe whose inheritance encloses the Ephraimite cities (cf. ch. 17).
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective (summarizing: 'all the cities')πᾶς (fem. nom. pl. πᾶσαι): 'all'; the summary πᾶσαι αἱ πόλεις totals the enclave-cities just described.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with πόλεις)αἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesNominativenominative (summary apposition)πόλις (pl. πόλεις): the cities, recapitulated in the summary.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with κῶμαι)αἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κῶμαιvillagesNominativenominative (summary: 'and their villages')κώμη (pl. κῶμαι): 'village'; renders Hebrew חַצְרֵיהֶן; the dependent settlements attached to the cities.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the cities' villages)αὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
10
καὶ οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν Εφραιμ τὸν Χαναναῖον τὸν κατοικοῦντα ἐν Γαζερ καὶ κατῴκει ὁ Χαναναῖος ἐν τῷ Εφραιμ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ἕως ἀνέβη Φαραω βασιλεὺς Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἔλαβεν αὐτὴν καὶ ἐνέπρησεν αὐτὴν ἐν πυρί καὶ τοὺς Χαναναίους καὶ τοὺς Φερεζαίους καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν Γαζερ ἐξεκέντησαν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὴν Φαραω ἐν φερνῇ τῇ θυγατρὶ αὐτοῦ
And Ephraim did not destroy the Canaanite dwelling in Gezer; and the Canaanite dwelt in Ephraim until this day — until Pharaoh king of Egypt went up and took it and burned it with fire; and they slew the Canaanites and the Perizzites and those dwelling in Gezer; and Pharaoh gave it as a dowry to his daughter.
The chapter closes with the recurring failure-of-conquest formula (cf. Judg 1:29): the negated aorist οὐκ ἀπώλεσεν ('did not destroy') and the durative imperfect κατῴκει ('kept dwelling') with the etiological tag ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ('to this day') frame the unconquered-Canaanite tension. This Rahlfs text then carries a substantial plus over MT: a second ἕως-clause harmonized with 3 Kgdms (1 Kgs) 9:16 recounting Pharaoh's later capture, burning and slaughter of Gezer's inhabitants and its gift as a dowry (ἐν φερνῇ) to his daughter — a Gezer-dowry resolution replacing the φόρος/forced-labour clause of the canonical motif.
Word-by-word analysis· 55 words
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἀπώλεσεν)οὐ (οὐκ before vowel): the objective negative; sets up the failure-of-conquest formula central to the allotment-cycle.
ἀπώλεσενhe destroyedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπόλλυμιmain verb (negated: 'did not destroy')→ constative aorist (the failure as a single historical fact)ἀπόλλυμι: 'destroy / drive out / exterminate'; renders Hebrew הוֹרִישׁ / הִכְרִית; the negated verb marks Ephraim's failure to dispossess the Canaanite — the leitmotif of incomplete conquest (cf. Judg 1:29, of Gezer specifically).
ΕφραιμEphraimsubject of ἀπώλεσεν (indeclinable tribal name)Εφραιμ: indeclinable; the tribe as the failing agent of conquest.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Χαναναῖον)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαναναῖονCanaaniteAccusativedirect object of ἀπώλεσενΧαναναῖος: 'Canaanite'; gentilic noun (declinable, hence parsed by morphology); renders Hebrew כְּנַעֲנִי; the indigenous population Ephraim failed to dispossess.
τὸνthe (one)Accusativearticle (attributive, with the participle κατοικοῦντα)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταdwellingPres Act Ptcp Acc Masc Sg · κατοικέωattributive participle (modifying τὸν Χαναναῖον)→ imperfective present participle (ongoing habitation)κατοικέω: 'dwell / inhabit / settle'; the present participle marks the Canaanite's settled, continuing residence in Gezer; renders the Hebrew participle יוֹשֵׁב.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΓαζερGezerdative object of ἐν (indeclinable toponym)Γαζερ: Gezer (גֶּזֶר); the alternate transliteration of the city called Γαζαρα in v. 5; the unconquered Canaanite city on Ephraim's western edge.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
κατῴκειdwelt / kept dwellingImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · κατοικέωmain verb (durative description of continuing habitation)→ durative imperfect (ongoing residence over time)κατοικέω (impf. κατῴκει): 'dwell'; the imperfect expresses the protracted, continuing residence of the Canaanite within Ephraim, in tension with the conquest-mandate; pairs with the etiological 'to this day.'
ὁtheNominativearticle (with Χαναναῖος)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαναναῖοςCanaaniteNominativesubject of κατῴκειΧαναναῖος: 'Canaanite'; nominative subject; the persisting indigenous inhabitant.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticle (with the territorial name Εφραιμ)the article τῷ governs the otherwise-indeclinable Εφραιμ, marking it here as the territory rather than the tribe ('in Ephraim').
ΕφραιμEphraimdative object of ἐν (indeclinable; territorial sense)Εφραιμ: indeclinable; here the territory of Ephraim, within which the Canaanite remained.
ἕωςuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal: 'until this day')ἕως: 'until'; with τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης forms the standard etiological tag fixing the situation as enduring to the narrator's present.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμέρας)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive object of ἕως (temporal)ἡμέρα: 'day'; ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης ('to this day') renders Hebrew עַד הַיּוֹם הַזֶּה, the etiological formula characteristic of Joshua's land-narratives.
ταύτηςthisGenitivedemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρας)οὗτος (fem. gen. ταύτης): 'this'; the deictic 'this day' marks the narrator's own time-horizon.
ἕωςuntiltemporal conjunction (introducing the Gezer-plus clause)ἕως: here a temporal conjunction governing the finite aorist ἀνέβη; introduces the plus (harmonized with 3 Kgdms 9:16) extending the etiology up to Pharaoh's intervention.
ἀνέβηwent upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβαίνωverb of the ἕως-clause (Pharaoh's campaign)→ ingressive aorist (Pharaoh's military advance)ἀναβαίνω: 'go up / march up'; the idiom for a military campaign 'going up' against a city; here Pharaoh's expedition against Gezer (cf. 3 Kgdms 9:16).
ΦαραωPharaohsubject of ἀνέβη (indeclinable proper noun)Φαραω: transliteration of פַּרְעֹה (Egyptian pr-ꜥȝ); indeclinable; the Egyptian king of the harmonizing plus, identified with the father-in-law of Solomon in 3 Kgdms 9:16.
βασιλεὺςkingNominativenominative in apposition to Φαραωβασιλεύς: 'king'; in apposition, 'Pharaoh king of Egypt' — the standard title-formula.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptGenitivegenitive of relationship (with βασιλεύς: 'king of Egypt')Αἴγυπτος (gen. Αἰγύπτου): Egypt; a fully Hellenized noun declined by morphology; renders Hebrew מִצְרַיִם.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Pharaoh's capture of the city)→ constative aorist (the city's capture)λαμβάνω: 'take / seize / capture'; here of taking the city of Gezer by force.
αὐτὴνit / herAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν (referring to the city Gezer)αὐτός (fem. acc. αὐτήν): the feminine pronoun refers to the city (πόλις, fem.) Gezer.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἐνέπρησενburnedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐμπίμπρημιmain verb (burning of the city)→ constative aorist (the city's burning)ἐμπίμπρημι (ἐμπρήθω): 'set on fire / burn up'; renders Hebrew שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ; the standard idiom for the destruction of a captured city by fire.
αὐτὴνit / herAccusativedirect object of ἐνέπρησεν (the city)αὐτὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with fire')ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
πυρίfireDativedative of instrument (with ἐν: 'with fire')πῦρ (dat. πυρί): 'fire'; ἐν πυρί is the Hebraizing instrumental, rendering בָּאֵשׁ.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (object-fronting)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with Χαναναίους)τοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧαναναίουςCanaanitesAccusativedirect object (fronted before ἐξεκέντησαν)Χαναναῖος (acc. pl. Χαναναίους): 'Canaanites'; the indigenous inhabitants slain in Pharaoh's sack of the city.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with Φερεζαίους)τοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦερεζαίουςPerizzitesAccusativedirect object (coordinate with Χαναναίους)Φερεζαῖος (acc. pl. Φερεζαίους): 'Perizzites'; renders Hebrew פְּרִזִּי; a pre-Israelite people regularly listed among the Canaanite nations (cf. Gen 15:20; Exod 3:8).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle (substantival, with the participle κατοικοῦντας)τοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingPres Act Ptcp Acc Masc Pl · κατοικέωsubstantival participle (object: 'those dwelling in Gezer')→ imperfective present participle (the resident population)κατοικέω: 'dwell / inhabit'; the substantival participle οἱ κατοικοῦντες = 'the inhabitants'; here the resident population of Gezer slain in the sack.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ΓαζερGezerdative object of ἐν (indeclinable toponym)Γαζερ: Gezer; the city repeated as the location of the slain inhabitants.
ἐξεκέντησανthey slew / ran throughAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐκκεντέωmain verb (with the fronted objects: slaughter of the inhabitants)→ constative aorist (the slaughter as a completed act)ἐκκεντέω: 'pierce through / stab / slay'; a vivid verb of violent killing (cf. its use at Zech 12:10 LXX); the third-plural ('they slew') with Pharaoh's forces as implied subject; renders the destruction of Gezer's Canaanite and Perizzite population.
καὶandnarrative conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Pharaoh's gift of the city)→ constative aorist (the dowry-gift as a completed act)δίδωμι: 'give'; here of giving the captured city as a marriage-gift; the clause matches 3 Kgdms 9:16, where Pharaoh gives Gezer as a dowry to his daughter, Solomon's wife.
αὐτὴνit / herAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν (the city)αὐτὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΦαραωPharaohsubject of ἔδωκεν (indeclinable proper noun)Φαραω: indeclinable; the king as donor of the dowry.
ἐνas / inpreposition + dative (predicative: 'as a dowry')ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
φερνῇdowryDativedative (predicative/manner: 'as a dowry')φερνή: 'dowry / marriage-portion'; renders Hebrew שִׁלֻּחִים (the parting-gift); ἐν φερνῇ = 'as a dowry'; the term ties this plus directly to 3 Kgdms 9:16, where Gezer is Pharaoh's wedding-gift to his daughter on her marriage to Solomon.
τῇto theDativearticle (with θυγατρί)τῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατρὶdaughterDativedative of recipient (indirect object of ἔδωκεν)θυγάτηρ (dat. θυγατρί): 'daughter'; renders Hebrew בַּת; the recipient of the dowry, identified in 3 Kgdms 9:16 as the Egyptian wife of Solomon.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (Pharaoh's daughter)αὐτοῦ: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.