συνήλθοσανthey came togetherAor Act Indic 3 Pl · συνέρχομαιmain verb (the coalition assembles)→ constative aorist (the muster as a single event)συνέρχομαι: 'come together / assemble'; the form συνήλθοσαν shows the Alexandrian/Hellenistic aorist ending ‑οσαν (for classical ‑ον); renders אָסַף / קָבַץ; the kings unite militarily — the foil to the Gibeonites' separate stratagem.
ἐπὶto / atpreposition + accusative (in the idiom ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (in the idiom ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸsame (place)Accusativesubstantival (ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό: 'together / in one place')αὐτός: the idiom ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό = 'to the same place / together as one'; a fixed LXX expression for united assembly (cf. Ps 2:2; the same phrase recurs in the NT, Acts 2:1).
ἐκπολεμῆσαιto make war onAor Act Inf · ἐκπολεμέωinfinitive of purpose→ purpose aorist infinitive (intended hostility)ἐκπολεμέω: 'wage war against, fight out'; the compound ἐκ- intensifies (war to the finish); the purpose infinitive states the aim of the muster — total war on Joshua and Israel.
ἸησοῦνJoshuaAccusativedirect object of ἐκπολεμῆσαιἸησοῦς: 'Joshua' (Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ); a declinable Greek noun (acc. Ἰησοῦν, gen./dat. Ἰησοῦ/Ἰησοῖ); the same name later borne by Jesus, making the LXX Joshua a typological figure.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ΙσραηλIsraelsecond object of ἐκπολεμῆσαι (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here the corporate people who, with Joshua, are the target of the coalition.
ἅμαtogether / at onceadverb (modifying συνήλθοσαν: 'all at once')ἅμα: 'at the same time / together'; renders יַחְדָּו; emphasises the unanimity and simultaneity of the coalition's mustering.
πάντεςallNominativepredicate adjective in apposition to the subject (the kings)πᾶς: 'all'; ἅμα πάντες = 'all together', closing the muster-clause before the transposed altar pericope begins.
τότεthentemporal adverb (opening section [a])τότε: 'then / at that time'; renders אָז; opens the transposed altar pericope (MT 8:30), marking the temporal setting of the covenant ceremony at Mount Gebal.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltAor Act Indic 3 Sg · οἰκοδομέωmain verb of section [a]→ constative aorist (the altar's construction)οἰκοδομέω: 'build'; renders בָּנָה; Joshua's building of the altar fulfils Moses' command of Deut 27:4–6 to erect an altar of unhewn stones on Mount Ebal.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubjectἸησοῦς: nominative; Joshua acts as covenant-mediator, building the altar and reading the law in Moses' stead.
θυσιαστήριονaltarAccusativedirect object of ᾠκοδόμησενθυσιαστήριον: 'altar (of sacrifice)'; the LXX's distinctive term (lit. 'place of sacrifice') reserved for legitimate Israelite/divine altars, in contrast to βωμός used of pagan altars; renders מִזְבֵּחַ.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (the altar's dedicatee)κύριος: the LXX's rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative marks the altar as built for YHWH; the appositional τῷ θεῷ Ισραηλ identifies him as the covenant God of Israel.
τῷtheDativearticle (with θεῷ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodDativedative in apposition to κυρίῳθεός: 'God'; κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ Ισραηλ ('to the LORD the God of Israel') is a standard LXX covenant title binding YHWH to the people.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival relation to θεῷ (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: indeclinable; here in genitival relation, 'the God of Israel'.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (location)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ὄρειmountainDativedative of place (location of the altar)ὄρος: 'mountain'; renders הַר; the altar is built on Mount Gebal (Ebal), the mountain of curse in Deut 27:13 — paradoxically the site chosen for the altar of sacrifice and the writing of the law.
ΓαιβαλGebal (Ebal)indeclinable place-name (in apposition to ὄρει)Γαιβαλ: transliteration of עֵיבָל (Ebal); indeclinable; the mountain north of Shechem, opposite Mount Gerizim (Γαριζιν), where Moses commanded the altar and the recitation of the curses (Deut 11:29; 27:4, 13).
καθότιjust assubordinating conjunction (opening section [b])καθότι: 'according as / just as / because'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; introduces the conformity of Joshua's act to Moses' command, stressing exact obedience to Torah.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of the καθότι-clause→ constative aorist (Moses' prior command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / enjoin'; deponent; renders צִוָּה; the standard LXX verb for Mosaic legislation; Joshua's altar conforms exactly to what Moses commanded.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατοΜωυσῆς: transliteration of מֹשֶׁה; declined as a second-declension noun (gen. Μωυσῆ, dat. Μωυσῇ/Μωυσῆ, acc. Μωυσῆν); titled ὁ θεράπων κυρίου, 'the servant of the LORD'.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with θεράπων)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεράπωνservant / attendantNominativenominative in apposition to Μωυσῆςθεράπων: 'attendant / minister'; a more dignified term than δοῦλος; ὁ θεράπων κυρίου is Moses' honorific title (Num 12:7; Heb 3:5), marking his unique standing as YHWH's trusted servant.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of relationship (with θεράπων)κύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; ὁ θεράπων κυρίου binds Moses' authority to YHWH himself, so that obeying Moses' command is obeying the LORD.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativeindirect object (recipients of the command)υἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') is the standard LXX designation for the covenant people; dative as the addressees of Moses' command.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival relation to υἱοῖς (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
καθὰas / according assubordinating conjunction (comparative)καθά: 'just as / according as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; introduces the appeal to the written record ('as it is written').
γέγραπταιit is writtenPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · γράφωverb of the καθά-clause (citation formula)→ resultative perfect (a standing written record)γράφω: 'write'; the perfect γέγραπται ('it stands written') is the classic citation formula for an authoritative, abiding text; renders כָּתוּב; appeals to the Mosaic law as fixed Scripture.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location of the text)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticle (with νόμῳ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμῳlawDativedative of place (the written law)νόμος: 'law'; renders תּוֹרָה; ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Μωυσῆ ('in the law of Moses') is the standard designation for the Pentateuchal legislation, here specifically Deut 27:5–6.
Μωυσῆof MosesGenitivegenitive of authorship (with νόμῳ)Μωυσῆς: genitive Μωυσῆ; 'the law of Moses' attributes the Torah to Moses as its mediator.
θυσιαστήριονan altarAccusativeaccusative in apposition (specifying the altar built)θυσιαστήριον: resumes the altar of [a], now specified as one of whole, unhewn stones per Deut 27:5–6.
λίθωνof stonesGenitivegenitive of material (with θυσιαστήριον)λίθος: 'stone'; renders אֶבֶן; the altar of stones recalls the prohibition of hewn stone touched by iron tools (Exod 20:25; Deut 27:5).
ὁλοκλήρωνwhole / unhewnGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying λίθων)ὁλόκληρος: 'whole / entire / intact'; renders שָׁלֵם ('whole, unhewn'); the stones must be uncut — natural and undivided — because human tooling would profane the altar; the LXX uses ὁλόκληρος elsewhere of unblemished completeness.
ἐφ᾿uponpreposition + accusative (elided ἐπί before relative)ἐφ᾿: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐφ᾿, antecedent λίθων)ὅς: relative pronoun; 'upon which (stones)'; introduces the qualification that no iron tool was used.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἐπεβλήθη)οὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεβλήθηwas laid uponAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιβάλλωverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist passive (no iron was ever applied)ἐπιβάλλω: 'lay / put upon'; the passive ἐπεβλήθη with οὐκ states that no iron tool was ever applied to the stones, fulfilling Deut 27:5 — the altar must be untouched by human cutting-tools.
σίδηροςironNominativesubject of ἐπεβλήθησίδηρος: 'iron'; renders בַּרְזֶל; metonymy for an iron tool/chisel; its exclusion preserves the altar's natural, un-profaned character.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἀνεβίβασενhe offered up / brought upAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναβιβάζωmain verb (Joshua offers sacrifice)→ constative aorist (the offering of sacrifice)ἀναβιβάζω: 'cause to go up / bring up / offer up'; causative of ἀναβαίνω; renders הֶעֱלָה ('cause to ascend', the technical term for offering a burnt sacrifice that 'goes up' to God in smoke).
ἐκεῖthereadverb of place (at the altar)ἐκεῖ: 'there'; renders שָׁם; locates the sacrifices at the newly built Mount Gebal altar.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole burnt offeringsAccusativedirect object of ἀνεβίβασενὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; lit. 'wholly burned'; renders עֹלָה; the offering entirely consumed by fire, signifying total dedication to YHWH (Deut 27:6).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient of the offering)κύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the sacrifices are offered to YHWH alone.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
θυσίανsacrificeAccusativedirect object of ἀνεβίβασεν (coordinate with ὁλοκαυτώματα)θυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; renders זֶבַח; here the θυσία σωτηρίου, the peace/fellowship offering, eaten in communion before God.
σωτηρίουof deliverance / peace-offeringGenitivegenitive of definition (with θυσίαν)σωτήριον: 'salvation / deliverance / well-being'; θυσία σωτηρίου is the LXX's standard rendering of זֶבַח שְׁלָמִים ('peace/fellowship offering'); the genitive defines the kind of sacrifice — one expressing covenant communion and gratitude.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (opening section [c])καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔγραψενwroteAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γράφωmain verb of section [c]→ constative aorist (the inscribing of the law)γράφω: 'write'; renders כָּתַב; Joshua inscribes a copy of the law on the altar-stones, fulfilling Deut 27:8 ('write on the stones all the words of this law').
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubject of ἔγραψενἸησοῦς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ἐπὶuponpreposition + genitive (surface inscribed)ἐπὶ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with λίθων)τῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λίθωνstonesGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (surface of the inscription)λίθος: 'stone'; the same altar-stones now bear the inscribed law, fulfilling Deut 27:8.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with δευτερονόμιον)τὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτερονόμιονthe Deuteronomy / copy of the lawAccusativedirect object of ἔγραψενδευτερονόμιον: 'second law / copy of the law'; the LXX coinage (δεύτερος + νόμος) rendering מִשְׁנֵה הַתּוֹרָה ('a copy of this law', Deut 17:18); from this very word the book of Deuteronomy takes its Greek and English name; here it denotes the inscribed copy of the law on the stones.
νόμονlawAccusativeaccusative in apposition to δευτερονόμιοννόμος: 'law'; νόμον Μωυσῆ ('the law of Moses') glosses δευτερονόμιον, identifying the inscribed copy as the Mosaic Torah.
Μωυσῆof MosesGenitivegenitive of authorship (with νόμον)Μωυσῆ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of the following ἔγραψεν)ὅς: relative pronoun, antecedent νόμον/δευτερονόμιον; introduces the clause specifying the public setting of the writing.
ἔγραψενhe wroteAor Act Indic 3 Sg · γράφωverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (the act of inscribing, repeated for emphasis)γράφω: the repetition (ἔγραψεν ... ὃν ἔγραψεν) underscores that the inscribing was done publicly, ἐνώπιον υἱῶν Ισραηλ ('before the sons of Israel').
ἐνώπιονbefore / in the presence ofimproper preposition + genitiveἐνώπιον: 'before / in the sight of'; renders לִפְנֵי / לְעֵינֵי; stresses the public, witnessed character of the covenant inscription.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive object of ἐνώπιονυἱός: 'son'; υἱῶν Ισραηλ, 'the sons of Israel', the witnessing assembly.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival relation to υἱῶν (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (opening section [d])καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
πᾶςallNominativeattributive adjective (with Ισραηλ: 'all Israel')πᾶς: 'all / whole'; πᾶς Ισραηλ ('all Israel') heads the list of participants in the covenant procession around the ark.
ΙσραηλIsraelsubject (indeclinable; with πᾶς)Ισραηλ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with πρεσβύτεροι)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβύτεροιeldersNominativesubject (coordinate)πρεσβύτερος: 'elder'; renders זָקֵן; the tribal/clan leaders, here among those processing with the ark.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with δικασταί)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικασταὶjudgesNominativesubject (coordinate)δικαστής: 'judge'; renders שֹׁפֵט / שֹׁטֵר; the judicial officers of Israel, listed among the covenant participants.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with γραμματεῖς)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γραμματεῖςscribes / officersNominativesubject (coordinate)γραμματεύς: 'scribe / official'; renders שֹׁטֵר ('officer'); the administrative officers who, with elders and judges, represent the whole organised community.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possessionαὐτῶν: pronominal form marking person, possession, or reference within the clause.
παρεπορεύοντοwere passing alongImpf Mid Indic 3 Pl · παραπορεύομαιmain verb of section [d] (the procession)→ descriptive imperfect (the ongoing procession alongside the ark)παραπορεύομαι: 'pass along / proceed beside'; deponent; the imperfect depicts the people moving in two flanks beside the ark; renders עָבַר / עָמַד; the ceremonial procession of Deut 27:11–13.
ἔνθενon this sideadverb of place (correlative)ἔνθεν: 'hence / on this side'; the correlative pair ἔνθεν καὶ ἔνθεν = 'on this side and on that side', rendering מִזֶּה וּמִזֶּה; the people flank the ark.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (correlative)καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ἔνθενon that sideadverb of place (correlative)ἔνθεν: second member of the correlative pair, completing 'on this side and on that side of the ark'.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with κιβωτοῦ)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτοῦarkGenitivegenitive (the ark flanked by the procession)κιβωτός: 'box / chest / ark'; renders אֲרוֹן; the ark of the covenant, the focal point of the procession.
ἀπέναντιopposite / beforeimproper preposition / adverb (position relative to the ark)ἀπέναντι: 'opposite / over against / in front of'; renders נֶגֶד; here adverbial, 'facing it', describing the people's stance toward the ark.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεῖς)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖςpriestsNominativesubject (of ἦραν)ἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the priests, with the Levites, bear the ark.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with Λευῖται)οἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesNominativesubject (coordinate with ἱερεῖς)Λευίτης: 'Levite'; declinable Greek noun (nom. pl. Λευῖται); renders לֵוִי; the tribe consecrated to carry the ark and minister at the sanctuary.
ἦρανcarried / liftedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · αἴρωmain verb (priests and Levites bear the ark)→ constative aorist (the bearing of the ark)αἴρω: 'take up / lift / carry'; renders נָשָׂא; the priests and Levites bear the ark, as prescribed for its transport (Deut 31:9).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with κιβωτόν)τὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κιβωτὸνarkAccusativedirect object of ἦρανκιβωτός: 'ark'; here τὴν κιβωτὸν τῆς διαθήκης κυρίου, 'the ark of the covenant of the LORD', the full covenant title.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with διαθήκης)τῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηςcovenantGenitivegenitive of content (the ark of the covenant)διαθήκη: 'covenant / testament'; renders בְּרִית; the same word that dominates the Gibeonite episode (διάθεσθε διαθήκην, vv. 6, 11, 15) — here the ark embodies Israel's covenant with YHWH, soon to be set beside a covenant fraudulently obtained.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive (the covenant's divine party)κύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the ark of the covenant of YHWH.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with προσήλυτος)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσήλυτοςsojourner / proselyteNominativesubject (with αὐτόχθων)προσήλυτος: 'newcomer / resident alien / proselyte'; the LXX coinage rendering גֵּר ('sojourner'); paired with αὐτόχθων ('native'), it includes the resident foreigner in the covenant assembly — a poignant note given that the Gibeonites will seek to be incorporated by deceit.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with αὐτόχθων)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτόχθωνnative / native-bornNominativesubject (with προσήλυτος)αὐτόχθων: 'native / indigenous (born of the land)'; renders אֶזְרָח; the native Israelite, contrasted with the προσήλυτος; together they express the full breadth of the covenant community.
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἦσαν)ὅς: relative pronoun, plural, referring to the whole assembly arrayed by halves on the two mountains.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίverb of the relative clause (positioning of the people)→ descriptive imperfect (their standing arrangement)εἰμί: 'be'; the imperfect describes the people's standing position — half toward Mount Garizin, half toward Mount Gebal — per Deut 27:12–13.
ἥμισυhalfNominativepredicate (adverbial: 'half of them')ἥμισυς: 'half'; neuter ἥμισυ used adverbially, 'half (of them)'; renders חֲצִי; the people are divided between the two mountains for the blessings and curses.
πλησίονnearimproper preposition + genitive (proximity)πλησίον: 'near / close to'; here governing a genitive (ὄρους), 'near the mountain'; renders מוּל / נֶגֶד.
ὄρουςmountainGenitivegenitive with πλησίονὄρος: 'mountain'; here Mount Garizin, the mountain of blessing (Deut 27:12).
ΓαριζινGarizin (Gerizim)indeclinable place-name (with ὄρους)Γαριζιν: transliteration of גְּרִזִּים (Gerizim); indeclinable; the mountain south of Shechem designated for the blessing, opposite Mount Gebal (Ebal) for the curse (Deut 11:29; 27:12–13).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of the second ἦσαν)ὅς: relative pronoun; introduces the second half of the people, toward Mount Gebal.
ἦσανwereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίverb of the relative clause→ descriptive imperfectεἰμί: the second 'were', positioning the other half of the people near Mount Gebal.
ἥμισυhalfNominativepredicate (adverbial: 'half of them')ἥμισυς: the second 'half', balancing the division of the people between the two mountains.
πλησίονnearimproper preposition + genitive (proximity)πλησίον: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ὄρουςmountainGenitivegenitive with πλησίονὄρους: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ΓαιβαλGebal (Ebal)indeclinable place-name (with ὄρους)Γαιβαλ: Mount Ebal again, the mountain of curse; the two halves of Israel face one another across the valley of Shechem.
καθότιjust assubordinating conjunctionκαθότι: 'just as / according as'; again grounds the ceremony in Moses' command (Deut 27).
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of the καθότι-clause→ constative aorist (Moses' prior command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command'; the procession and division conform to Moses' instruction.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατοΜωυσῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with θεράπων)ὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεράπωνservantNominativenominative in apposition to Μωυσῆςθεράπων: 'servant / minister'; the recurring honorific ὁ θεράπων κυρίου, reinforcing that the ceremony rests on YHWH's own authority through Moses.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of relationshipκυρίου: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
εὐλογῆσαιto blessAor Act Inf · εὐλογέωinfinitive of purpose (the aim of the ceremony)→ purpose aorist infinitive (the blessing of the people)εὐλογέω: 'bless / speak well of'; renders בֵּרַךְ; the purpose of the gathering — to pronounce the covenant blessing on the people (Deut 27–28); the curses (κατάρας) follow in section [e].
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with λαόν)τὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleAccusativedirect object of εὐλογῆσαιλαός: 'people'; renders עַם; the covenant people who receive the blessing.
ἐνamong / atpreposition + dative (in the idiom ἐν πρώτοις)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
πρώτοιςfirst (of all)Dativesubstantival adjective (ἐν πρώτοις: 'first of all / at the first')πρῶτος: 'first'; the idiom ἐν πρώτοις = 'first of all / in the first place'; the blessing of the people is the priority of the ceremony before the reading of the curses.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (opening section [e])καὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal)μετὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeobject of μετά (μετὰ ταῦτα: 'after these things')οὗτος: demonstrative; μετὰ ταῦτα ('after these things') is a standard LXX temporal connector advancing to the climactic reading of the law.
οὕτωςthus / in this manneradverb of manner (resumptive)οὕτως: 'thus / so'; renders כֵּן; resumptive, framing the reading of the law as the consummating act of the ceremony.
ἀνέγνωread aloudAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναγινώσκωmain verb of section [e]→ constative aorist (the public reading of the law)ἀναγινώσκω: 'read / read aloud / recognize'; renders קָרָא; the public recitation of the law before the assembly (Deut 31:11); the LXX uses this verb for authoritative liturgical reading of Scripture.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubject of ἀνέγνωἸησοῦς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ῥήματα)πᾶς: 'all'; πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ('all the words') stresses the completeness of the reading — nothing omitted, anticipating v. [f]'s emphatic 'there was not a word ... which he did not read'.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ῥήματα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsAccusativedirect object of ἀνέγνωῥῆμα: 'word / thing said'; renders דָּבָר; here the words of the law, both blessings and curses.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with νόμου)τοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμουlawGenitivegenitive (the words belonging to the law)νόμος: 'law'; τοῦ νόμου τούτου, 'this law' — the Mosaic Torah being publicly proclaimed.
τούτουthisGenitiveattributive demonstrative (with νόμου)οὗτος: demonstrative; 'this law', the specific covenant document inscribed and read at Gebal.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with εὐλογίας)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐλογίαςblessingsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ῥήματαεὐλογία: 'blessing'; renders בְּרָכָה; the covenant blessings of Deut 28:1–14, recited from Mount Garizin.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with κατάρας)τὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατάραςcursesAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ῥήματα (coordinate with εὐλογίας)κατάρα: 'curse'; renders קְלָלָה; the covenant curses of Deut 27:15–26 and 28:15–68, recited from Mount Gebal; cognate with ἐπικατάρατος ('accursed') which Joshua pronounces over the Gibeonites at v. 23.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/standard)κατὰ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with τὰ γεγραμμένα)πᾶς: 'all'; κατὰ πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα ('according to all that is written') again insists on exhaustive fidelity to the written law.
τὰthe (things)Accusativearticle (substantivizing γεγραμμένα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεγραμμέναwritten / the things writtenPerf Pass Ptcp Acc Pl Neut · γράφωsubstantival participle (object of κατά)→ resultative perfect participle (what stands written)γράφω: the perfect participle τὰ γεγραμμένα ('the things written / that stand written') denotes the abiding written record of the law; the reading conforms exactly to the text.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (location of the text)ἐν: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τῷtheDativearticle (with νόμῳ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμῳlawDativedative of place (in the law)νόμος: 'law'; ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Μωυσῆ closes section [e], grounding the recitation in the Mosaic Torah.
Μωυσῆof MosesGenitivegenitive of authorship (with νόμῳ)Μωυσῆ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
οὐκnotnegative particle (opening section [f], with ἦν)οὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἦνthere wasImpf Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb of section [f] (existential)→ descriptive imperfect (existential statement of completeness)εἰμί: 'be / exist'; οὐκ ἦν ῥῆμα ... ὃ οὐκ ἀνέγνω ('there was not a word ... which he did not read') is a litotes (double negative) of emphatic completeness — Joshua omitted nothing of the law.
ῥῆμαwordNominativesubject of ἦνῥῆμα: 'word / thing'; renders דָּבָר; the litotes guarantees the totality of the public reading.
ἀπὸfrom / out ofpreposition + genitive (partitive source)ἀπὸ: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
πάντωνallGenitivesubstantival adjective (object of ἀπό: 'of all that')πᾶς: 'all'; ἀπὸ πάντων ὧν ('out of all that') — the comprehensive body of Moses' commands.
ὧνwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive by attraction; object of ἐνετείλατο)ὅς: relative pronoun, genitive by attraction to its antecedent πάντων; 'all that Moses commanded'.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (Moses' total command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command'; the full scope of Moses' commands to Joshua, all of which Joshua faithfully read.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατοΜωυσῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
τῷthe / toDativearticle (with Ἰησοῖ)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἸησοῖJoshuaDativeindirect object of ἐνετείλατο (recipient of the command)Ἰησοῦς: dative Ἰησοῖ; Joshua as the one to whom Moses' commands were given — the faithful successor who executes them in full.
ὃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀνέγνω; antecedent ῥῆμα)ὅς: relative pronoun, neuter, antecedent ῥῆμα; 'which he did not read' — completing the litotes.
οὐκnotnegative particle (with ἀνέγνω)οὐκ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνέγνωread aloudAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναγινώσκωverb of the relative clause→ constative aorist (the reading, here negated within the litotes)ἀναγινώσκω: 'read aloud'; the negated ἀνέγνω completes 'there was not a word ... which Joshua did not read' — total fidelity to the law before the whole assembly.
ἸησοῦςJoshuaNominativesubject of ἀνέγνωἸησοῦς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this passage.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (idiom: 'into the ears')εἰς: preposition governing its complement and marking the relation specified by the clause.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὦτα)τὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὦταearsAccusativeobject of εἰς (idiom: 'into the ears of')οὖς (pl. ὦτα): 'ear'; the idiom ἀναγινώσκω εἰς τὰ ὦτα ('read into the ears of') renders קָרָא בְּאָזְנֵי, a Hebraism for public oral proclamation.
πάσηςwhole / allGenitiveattributive adjective (with ἐκκλησίας)πᾶς: 'all / whole'; 'the whole assembly' — the reading reaches the entire covenant community.
ἐκκλησίαςassembly / congregationGenitivegenitive (the assembly whose ears hear)ἐκκλησία: 'assembly / congregation'; renders קָהָל; the gathered covenant community; the term later becomes the NT word for 'church', here denoting the whole hearing assembly of Israel.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἐκκλησίας: 'of the sons of Israel')υἱός: 'son'; υἱῶν Ισραηλ, defining the assembly as that of the Israelites.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitival relation to υἱῶν (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τοῖςthe / toDativearticle (with ἀνδράσιν)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδράσινmenDativedative in apposition to ἐκκλησίας (the hearers, enumerated)ἀνήρ: 'man'; renders אִישׁ / אֲנָשִׁים; the first of the enumerated hearers (men, women, children, sojourners) — the reading is fully inclusive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
ταῖςthe / toDativearticle (with γυναιξίν)ταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναιξὶνwomenDativedative (coordinate hearer-group)γυνή: 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה / נָשִׁים; the women among the hearers of the law (cf. Deut 31:12).
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςthe / toDativearticle (with παιδίοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίοιςlittle childrenDativedative (coordinate hearer-group)παιδίον: 'little child / infant'; renders טַף; the children, too, are present at the reading of the covenant.
καὶandcoordinate conjunctionκαὶ: connective element linking clauses, phrases, or discourse developments in the passage.
τοῖςthe / toDativearticle (with προσηλύτοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσηλύτοιςsojourners / proselytesDativedative (coordinate hearer-group)προσήλυτος: 'resident alien / proselyte'; renders גֵּר; the resident foreigners who have joined Israel also hear the law — legitimate incorporation by faith and residence, in pointed contrast to the Gibeonites' attempt to join by deception.
τοῖςthe (ones)Dativearticle (substantival, with the participle προσπορευομένοις)τοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσπορευομένοιςjoining themselves / coming toPres Mid Ptcp Dat Pl · προσπορεύομαιattributive participle (modifying προσηλύτοις)→ progressive present participle (ongoing attachment to Israel)προσπορεύομαι: 'come / approach / attach oneself to'; deponent; the present participle describes the sojourners as those continually joining themselves to Israel — the proper, open path of incorporation into the covenant people.
τῷto theDativearticle (with Ισραηλ; dative governed by προσπορευομένοις)τῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraeldative object of προσπορευομένοις (indeclinable)Ισραηλ: indeclinable; the people to whom the sojourners attach themselves; the verse closes the long transposed pericope by naming Israel, the covenant community now about to be tested by the Gibeonite ruse.