1
ἔτους δωδεκάτου τῆς βασιλείας Ναβουχοδονοσορ ὃς ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀσσυρίων ἐν Νινευη τῇ πόλει τῇ μεγάλῃ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Αρφαξαδ ὃς ἐβασίλευσεν Μήδων ἐν Ἐκβατάνοις
In the twelfth year of the reign of Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned over the Assyrians in Nineveh, the great city, in the days of Arphaxad, who reigned over the Medes in Ecbatana,
The book opens with a grand dual regnal notice that places Assyria and Media in formal tension before any battle is fought.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἔτουςyearN3E GSN · ἔτοςgenitive object of ἕως (temporal terminus)→ relational specificationἔτος: meaning 'year'; it serves as genitive object of ἕως (temporal terminus).
δωδεκάτουδωδέκατοςA1 GSN · δωδέκατοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termδωδέκατος: meaning 'δωδέκατος'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the narrative or speech→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςindeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship)→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship).
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ΝινευηNinevehN DS · Νινευηproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΝινευη: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςDative complement→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as Dative complement.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλῃμέγαςA1 DSF · μέγαςDative complement→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'μέγας'; it serves as Dative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ΑρφαξαδArphaxadN NSM · Αρφαξαδproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΑρφαξαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐβασίλευσενreignedVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωmain verb of regnal-duration summary→ constative aorist (regnal summary)βασιλεύω: meaning 'reigned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of regnal-duration summary.
ΜήδωνMedesN2 GPM · Μῆδοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΜήδων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἘκβατάνοιςEcbatanaN DP · Ἐκβάταναproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyἘκβατάνοις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
2
καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐπ' Ἐκβατάνων κύκλῳ τείχη ἐκ λίθων λελαξευμένων εἰς πλάτος πηχῶν τριῶν καὶ εἰς μῆκος πηχῶν ἓξ καὶ ἐποίησεν τὸ ὕψος τοῦ τείχους πηχῶν ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ τὸ πλάτος αὐτοῦ πηχῶν πεντήκοντα
he built around Ecbatana walls from hewn stones, three cubits wide and six cubits long, and he made the height of the wall seventy cubits and its breadth fifty cubits.
Arphaxad's capital is described in oversized architectural terms so that its later fall will register as the collapse of formidable human security.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἘκβατάνωνEcbatanaN2 GP · Ἐκβάταναgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἘκβατάνων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κύκλῳκύκλοςN2 DSM · κύκλοςDative complement→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'κύκλος'; it serves as Dative complement.
τείχητεῖχοςN3E APN · τεῖχοςObject / complement→ judgment emphasis within the oracleτεῖχος: meaning 'τεῖχος'; it serves as Object / complement.
ἐκfromP · ἐκPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
λίθωνstoneN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
λελαξευμένωνhewnVM · χμπγπμ λαξεύωparticiple describing the stones used in the fortificationχμπγπμ λαξεύω: meaning 'hewn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle describing the stones used in the fortification.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πλάτοςplatosN3E ASN · πλάτοςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationπλάτος: meaning 'platos'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
πηχῶνcubitN3E GPM · πῆχυςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionπῆχυς: meaning 'cubit'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
τριῶνthreeA3 GPM · τρεῖςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
μῆκοςμῆκοςN3E ASN · μῆκοςObject / complement→ object specificationμῆκος: meaning 'μῆκος'; it serves as Object / complement.
πηχῶνcubitN3E GPM · πῆχυςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionπῆχυς: meaning 'cubit'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἓξsixM · ἕξproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ discourse linkage or contrastἕξ: meaning 'six'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψοςheightN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'height'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχουςwallN3E GSN · τεῖχοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ relational specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
πηχῶνcubitN3E GPM · πῆχυςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionπῆχυς: meaning 'cubit'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἑβδομήκονταἑβδομήκονταM · ἑβδομήκονταNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastἑβδομήκοντα: meaning 'ἑβδομήκοντα'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάτοςplatosN3E ASN · πλάτοςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationπλάτος: meaning 'platos'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
αὐτοῦsame / her / himRD GSN · αὐτόςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relation→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'same'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
πηχῶνcubitN3E GPM · πῆχυςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionπῆχυς: meaning 'cubit'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
πεντήκονταfiftyM · πεντήκονταclause linker→ discourse linkage or contrastπεντήκοντα: meaning 'fifty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
3
καὶ τοὺς πύργους αὐτοῦ ἔστησεν ἐπὶ ταῖς πύλαις αὐτῆς πηχῶν ἑκατὸν καὶ τὸ πλάτος αὐτῆς ἐθεμελίωσεν εἰς πήχεις ἑξήκοντα
And he set its towers over its gates one hundred cubits high, and he founded their breadth at sixty cubits.
The fortification report continues by emphasizing towers and massive foundations at the gate complex.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύργουςπύργοςN2 APM · πύργοςObject / complement→ participant or category named within the oracleπύργος: meaning 'πύργος'; it serves as Object / complement.
αὐτοῦsame / her / himRD GSN · αὐτόςgenitive dependent modifier / possession relation→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'same'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
ἔστησενistemiVAI AAI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι: meaning 'istemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύλαιςgatesN1 DPF · πύληdative complement / reference or instrument→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as dative complement / reference or instrument.
αὐτῆςhis / her / theirRD GSF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πηχῶνcubitN3E GPM · πῆχυςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionπῆχυς: meaning 'cubit'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἑκατὸνἑκατόνM · ἑκατόνNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'ἑκατόν'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάτοςplatosN3E ASN · πλάτοςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationπλάτος: meaning 'platos'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
αὐτῆςhis / her / theirRD GSF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐθεμελίωσενhe foundedVAI AAI3S · θεμελιόωmain verb (laying the foundation)→ constative aoristθεμελιόω: meaning 'he founded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (laying the foundation).
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πήχειςcubitsN3E APM · πῆχυςaccusative of measure (standard unit of length)→ royal discipline and the strong wifeπῆχυς: meaning 'cubits'; it serves as accusative of measure (standard unit of length).
ἑξήκονταexekontaM · ἑξήκονταparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastἑξήκοντα: meaning 'exekonta'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
4
καὶ ἐποίησεν τὰς πύλας αὐτῆς πύλας διεγειρομένας εἰς ὕψος πηχῶν ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ τὸ πλάτος αὐτῆς πήχεις τεσσαράκοντα εἰς ἐξόδους δυνάμεως δυνατῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ διατάξεις τῶν πεζῶν αὐτοῦ
And he made its gates, gates rising to a height of seventy cubits and forty cubits broad, for the sorties of his mighty forces and the deployment of his infantry.
The city is not merely beautiful but built for organized war, troop movement, and controlled sorties.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύλαςgatesN1 APF · πύληcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῆςhis / her / theirRD GSF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πύλαςgatesN1 APF · πύληcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
διεγειρομέναςraised highV1 · πμπαπφ ἐγείρω + διαparticiple describing gates lifted to imposing heightπμπαπφ ἐγείρω + δια: meaning 'raised high'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle describing gates lifted to imposing height.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ὕψοςheightN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'height'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
πηχῶνcubitN3E GPM · πῆχυςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionπῆχυς: meaning 'cubit'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἑβδομήκονταἑβδομήκονταM · ἑβδομήκονταNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastἑβδομήκοντα: meaning 'ἑβδομήκοντα'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλάτοςplatosN3E ASN · πλάτοςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationπλάτος: meaning 'platos'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
αὐτῆςhis / her / theirRD GSF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πήχειςcubitsN3E APM · πῆχυςaccusative of measure (standard unit of length)→ royal discipline and the strong wifeπῆχυς: meaning 'cubits'; it serves as accusative of measure (standard unit of length).
τεσσαράκονταtessarakontaM · τεσσαράκονταindeclinable or proper-name element functioning in the clause as written→ discourse linkage or contrastτεσσαράκοντα: meaning 'tessarakonta'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἐξόδουςἔξοδοςN2 APF · ἔξοδοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἔξοδος: meaning 'ἔξοδος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
δυνατῶνof the mightyA1 GPM · δυνατόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationδυνατός: meaning 'of the mighty'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διατάξειςδιάταξιςN3I APF · διάταξιςObject / complementδιάταξις: meaning 'διάταξις'; it serves as Object / complement.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεζῶνfoot-soldierA1 GPM · πεζόςGenitive modifier→ qualification or source relationπεζός: meaning 'foot-soldier'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
5
καὶ ἐποίησεν πόλεμον ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ὁ βασιλεὺς Ναβουχοδονοσορ πρὸς βασιλέα Αρφαξαδ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ τῷ μεγάλῳ τοῦτό ἐστιν πεδίον ἐν τοῖς ὁρίοις Ραγαυ
And in those days King Nebuchadnezzar made war against King Arphaxad in the great plain, that is, the plain in the borders of Ragau.
After the architectural prelude, the chapter turns directly to the war between the two rulers.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ἐκείναιςἐκεῖνοςRD DPF · ἐκεῖνοςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestἐκείναις: meaning 'ἐκεῖνος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the narrative or speech→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΑρφαξαδArphaxadN ASM · Αρφαξαδproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΑρφαξαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίῳπεδίονN2N DSN · πεδίονDative complement→ sphere or referenceπεδίον: meaning 'πεδίον'; it serves as Dative complement.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλῳμέγαςA1 DSN · μέγαςdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'μέγας'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
τοῦτόthisRD NSN · οὗτοςdemonstrative (subject/predicate of nominal clause)→ participant referenceτοῦτό: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (subject/predicate of nominal clause).
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
πεδίονplainN2N NSN · πεδίονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπεδίον: meaning 'plain'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρίοιςterritoriesN2N DPN · ὅριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ sphere or referenceὅριον: meaning 'territories'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ΡαγαυRagauN GS · Ραγαυproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΡαγαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
6
καὶ συνήντησαν πρὸς αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὴν ὀρεινὴν καὶ πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες τὸν Εὐφράτην καὶ τὸν Τίγριν καὶ τὸν Ὑδάσπην καὶ πεδία Αριωχ βασιλέως Ἐλυμαίων καὶ συνῆλθον ἔθνη πολλὰ εἰς παράταξιν υἱῶν Χελεουδ
And all who dwelt in the hill country rallied to him, and all who dwelt along the Euphrates and the Tigris and the Hydaspes, and on the plains of Arioc king of the Elymaeans; and many nations of the sons of Chelod gathered for battle array.
The conflict immediately expands through a catalogue of peoples and territories drawn into Arphaxad's camp.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήντησανmeetVAI AAI3P · ἀντάω + συνfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ constative aoristἀντάω + συν: meaning 'meet'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινὴνhill countryN1 ASF · ὀρεινήsubstantivized adjective (object of κατοικῶν)ὀρεινή: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as substantivized adjective (object of κατοικῶν).
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕὐφράτηνEuphratesN1M ASM · Εὐφράτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ participant identificationΕὐφράτην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΤίγρινTigrisN ASM · Τίγριςproper name within the campaign geographyΤίγριν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὙδάσπηνHydaspesN1M ASM · Ὑδάσπηςproper name within the campaign geographyὙδάσπην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεδίαfieldsN2N APN · πεδίονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπεδίον: meaning 'fields'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ΑριωχAriocN GSM · Αριωχproper name within the campaign geographyΑριωχ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
Ἐλυμαίωνof the ElymaeansN2 GPM · Ἐλυμαῖοςgentilic genitive modifying the royal titleἘλυμαίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as gentilic genitive modifying the royal title.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνῆλθονgatheredVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + συνfinite verb advancing the collective muster→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + συν: meaning 'gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the collective muster.
ἔθνηnationN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
πολλὰmuchA1 NPN · πολύςattributive adjective (modifying σκῦλα)→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying σκῦλα).
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
παράταξινbattleN3I ASF · παράταξιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
υἱῶνsonN2 GPM · υἱόςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ΧελεουδChelodN GSM · Χελεουδproper name within the campaign geographyΧελεουδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
7
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν Περσίδα καὶ ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας πρὸς δυσμαῖς τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν Κιλικίαν καὶ Δαμασκὸν καὶ τὸν Λίβανον καὶ Ἀντιλίβανον καὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας κατὰ πρόσωπον τῆς παραλίας
And Nebuchadnezzar king of the Assyrians sent to all who dwelt in Persia and to all who dwelt toward the west, to those who dwelt in Cilicia and Damascus and Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon and to all who dwelt opposite the seacoast,
Nebuchadnezzar answers the eastern coalition with demands that stretch across the western corridor.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλεν+ apoVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the narrative or speech→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςindeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship)→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship).
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΠερσίδαPersiaN3D ASF · Περσίςaccusative element functioning as object or goalΠερσίδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
δυσμαῖςwestwardN1 DPF · δυσμήcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaδυσμή: meaning 'westward'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚιλικίανCiliciaN1A ASF · Κιλικίαproper name within the campaign geographyΚιλικίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΔαμασκὸνDamascusN2 ASM · Δαμασκόςdirect object of ἐπέστρεψεν→ participant identificationΔαμασκὸν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as direct object of ἐπέστρεψεν.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛίβανονLebanonN2 ASM · Λίβανοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationΛίβανον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἈντιλίβανονAnti-LebanonN2 ASM · Ἀντιλίβανοςproper name within the campaign geographyἈντιλίβανον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
κατὰagainst / according toP · κατάPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονObject / complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as Object / complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραλίαςcoastlandA1A GSF · παράλιοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to case→ protest, friendship, and unbearable griefπαράλιος: meaning 'coastland'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to case.
8
καὶ τοὺς ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι τοῦ Καρμήλου καὶ Γαλααδ καὶ τὴν ἄνω Γαλιλαίαν καὶ τὸ μέγα πεδίον Εσδρηλων
and to those among the nations of Carmel and Gilead and upper Galilee and the great plain of Esdraelon,
The summons presses north and inland, building a sense of world-spanning imperial reach.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνεσιnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚαρμήλουCarmelN2 GSM · Κάρμηλοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termΚαρμήλου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΓαλααδGileadN GS · Γαλαάδproper name within the narrative or campaign geography→ The chapter begins with the daughters of Jerusalem taking the woman's longing seriously and asking where the beloved has gone.Γαλααδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνωanoD · ἄνωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastἄνω: meaning 'ano'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ΓαλιλαίανGalileeN1A ASF · Γαλιλαίαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant identificationΓαλιλαίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέγαμέγαςA1P ASN · μέγαςObject / complement→ object specificationμέγας: meaning 'μέγας'; it serves as Object / complement.
πεδίονplain / lowlandN2N ASN · πεδίονaccusative (coordinate zone)→ object specificationπεδίον: meaning 'plain'; it serves as accusative (coordinate zone).
ΕσδρηλωνEsdraelonN GS · Εσδρηλωνplace name within the narrative geographyΕσδρηλων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place name within the narrative geography.
9
καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ καὶ ταῖς πόλεσιν αὐτῆς καὶ πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ἕως Ιερουσαλημ καὶ Βατανη καὶ Χελους καὶ Καδης καὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ Αἰγύπτου καὶ Ταφνας καὶ Ραμεσση καὶ πᾶσαν γῆν Γεσεμ
and to all in Samaria and its cities, and beyond the Jordan as far as Jerusalem and Batane and Chelous and Kadesh and the river of Egypt and Tahpanhes and Rameses and all the land of Goshen,
The list moves southward through the land bridge that will later matter for the Judean crisis.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ΣαμαρείᾳSamariaN1A DSF · Σαμαρείαcommon noun within the clause→ participant identificationΣαμαρείᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεσινcitiesN3I DPF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
αὐτῆςhis / her / theirRD GSF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέρανbeyondP · πέρανpreposition introducing its governed phrase→ spatial or relational framingπέραν: meaning 'beyond'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its governed phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanN1M GSM · Ἰορδάνηςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ participant identificationΙορδάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒατανηBataneN GSM · Βατανήproper name within the campaign geographyΒατανη: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΧελουςChelousN GSM · Χελούςproper name within the campaign geographyΧελους: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΚαδηςΚαδηςN GSM · Καδηςproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΚαδης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΤαφναςTahpanhesN GSM · Ταφνάςproper name within the campaign geographyΤαφνας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΡαμεσσηRamesesN GSM · Ραμεσσήproper name within the campaign geographyΡαμεσση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΓεσεμGoshenN GSM · Γέσεμproper name within the campaign geographyΓεσεμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
10
ἕως τοῦ ἐλθεῖν ἐπάνω Τάνεως καὶ Μέμφεως καὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἕως τοῦ ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅρια τῆς Αἰθιοπίας
as far as going above Tanis and Memphis, and to all who dwelt in Egypt, as far as coming to the borders of Ethiopia.
The catalogue reaches its southern extreme, presenting Nebuchadnezzar's claim as effectively universal.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἐπάνωepanoD · ἐπάνωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπάνω: meaning 'epano'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
Τάνεωςof TanisN3I GS · Τάνιςproper name within the campaign geographyΤάνεως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Μέμφεωςof MemphisN3I GS · Μέμφιςproper name within the campaign geographyΜέμφεως: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑἴγυπτονEgyptN2 ASF · Αἴγυπτοςobject of εἰς (place of return)→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτον: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as object of εἰς (place of return).
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑἰθιοπίαςEthiopiaN1A GSF · Αἰθιοπίαgenitive dependent modifier / possession relation→ hidden wisdom and fear of the LordΑἰθιοπίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive dependent modifier / possession relation.
11
καὶ ἐφαύλισαν πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν τὸ ῥῆμα Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων καὶ οὐ συνῆλθον αὐτῷ εἰς τὸν πόλεμον ὅτι οὐκ ἐφοβήθησαν αὐτόν ἀλλ' ἦν ἐναντίον αὐτῶν ὡς ἀνὴρ εἷς καὶ ἀνέστρεψαν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ κενοὺς ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ προσώπου αὐτῶν
But all who dwelt in all the land treated with contempt the word of Nebuchadnezzar king of the Assyrians and did not join him for the war, because they were not afraid of him; rather, he was before them as one man, and they sent his messengers back empty in dishonor to their faces.
The nations refuse the summons and reduce the emperor to ordinary human stature, which becomes the motive for later vengeance.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφαύλισανφαυλίζωVAI AAI3P · φαυλίζωinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clauseφαυλίζω: meaning 'φαυλίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαῥῆμαN3M ASN · ῥῆμαObject / complement→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'ῥῆμα'; it serves as Object / complement.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the narrative or speech→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςindeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship)→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship).
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Adverbial modifier.
συνῆλθονgatheredVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + συνfinite verb advancing the collective muster→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + συν: meaning 'gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the collective muster.
αὐτῷhim / her / themRD DSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφοβήθησανfearVCI API3P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ constative aoristφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀλλ'ἀλλάC · ἀλλάCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά: meaning 'ἀλλά'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίFinite verb / predicate→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςsubordinator shaping temporal or comparative force→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εἷςεἷςA3N NSM · εἷςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierεἷς: meaning 'εἷς'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστρεψανἀναVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + ἀναinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγγέλουςmessengersN2 APM · ἄγγελοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'messengers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
κενοὺςκενόςA1 APM · κενόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalκενός: meaning 'κενός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἀτιμίᾳἀτιμίαN1A DSF · ἀτιμίαdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀτιμία: meaning 'ἀτιμία'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
12
καὶ ἐθυμώθη Ναβουχοδονοσορ ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ταύτην σφόδρα καὶ ὤμοσε κατὰ τοῦ θρόνου καὶ τῆς βασιλείας αὐτοῦ εἰ μὴν ἐκδικήσειν πάντα τὰ ὅρια τῆς Κιλικίας καὶ Δαμασκηνῆς καὶ Συρίας ἀνελεῖν τῇ ῥομφαίᾳ αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐν γῇ Μωαβ καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς Αμμων καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν Ιουδαίαν καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ἕως τοῦ ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅρια τῶν δύο θαλασσῶν
And Nebuchadnezzar was exceedingly enraged against all this land, and he swore by his throne and his kingdom that he would surely avenge all the territories of Cilicia and Damascus and Syria, and slay with his sword all who dwelt in the land of Moab and the sons of Ammon and all Judea and all who were in Egypt, until he came to the borders of the two seas.
Refusal triggers an oath of revenge that names the same western and southern world as the object of total punishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 63 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθυμώθηangerVCI API3S · θυμόωmain verb→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionθυμόω: meaning 'anger'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the narrative or speech→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὤμοσεὄμνυμιVAI AAI3S · ὄμνυμιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionὄμνυμι: meaning 'ὄμνυμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
κατὰagainst / according toP · κατάPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive modifier→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
εἰεἰC · εἰCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'εἰ'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
μὴνmonthX · μήνconnective linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴν: meaning 'month'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικήσεινἐκVF FAN · δικέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
πάνταall / everyA3 APN · πᾶςObject / complement→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Object / complement.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Κιλικίαςof CiliciaN1A GSF · Κιλικίαproper name within the campaign geographyΚιλικίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Δαμασκηνῆςof DamascusN1 GSF · Δαμασκηνήregional genitive within the territorial listΔαμασκηνῆς: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as regional genitive within the territorial list.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΣυρίαςSyriaN1A GSF · ΣυρίαProper name within the clause→ relational specificationΣυρίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as Proper name within the clause.
ἀνελεῖνto killVB AAN · αἱρέω + ἀναcomplementary infinitive (object of θέλεις: 'do you want to kill me?')→ infinitival complementαἱρέω + ἀνα: meaning 'to kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (object of θέλεις: 'do you want to kill me?').
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
γῇland / earthN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ΜωαβMoabN GS · Μωαβsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΜωαβ: meaning 'Moab'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonN2 APM · υἱόςObject / complement→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as Object / complement.
ΑμμωνAmmonN GSM · Αμμωνsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΑμμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίανIoydaianN1A ASF · Ἰουδαίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or governed complement→ participant identificationΙουδαίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or governed complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ΑἰγύπτῳαigyptoN2 DSF · Αἴγυπτοςnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ participant identificationΑἰγύπτῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
θαλασσῶνseaN1S GPF · θάλασσαgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
13
καὶ παρετάξατο ἐν τῇ δυνάμει αὐτοῦ πρὸς Αρφαξαδ βασιλέα ἐν τῷ ἔτει τῷ ἑπτακαιδεκάτῳ καὶ ἐκραταιώθη ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνέστρεψεν πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν Αρφαξαδ καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν ἵππον αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντα τὰ ἅρματα αὐτοῦ
And in the seventeenth year he drew up his force against Arphaxad the king, and he prevailed in his war and turned back all the force of Arphaxad and all his cavalry and all his chariots.
The narrative returns to the eastern front and states the decisive reversal of Arphaxad's military strength.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρετάξατοdraw upVAI AMI3S · τάσσω + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseτάσσω + παρα: meaning 'draw up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειforce / powerN3I DSF · δύναμιςDative complement→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as Dative complement.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ΑρφαξαδArphaxadN ASM · Αρφαξαδproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΑρφαξαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
βασιλέαkingN3V ASM · βασιλεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτειyearsN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative complement→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as dative complement.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑπτακαιδεκάτῳἑπτακαιδέκατοςA1 DSN · ἑπτακαιδέκατοςdative substantive marking reference, means, or locationἑπτακαιδέκατος: meaning 'ἑπτακαιδέκατος'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκραταιώθηgrow strong / prevailVCI API3S · κραταιόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristκραταιόω: meaning 'grow strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολέμῳwarN2 DSM · πόλεμοςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστρεψενreturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΑρφαξαδArphaxadN GSM · Αρφαξαδproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΑρφαξαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἵππονhorseN2 ASF · ἵπποςObject / complementἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as Object / complement.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταall / everyA3 APN · πᾶςObject / complement→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Object / complement.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρματαchariotN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
14
καὶ ἐκυρίευσε τῶν πόλεων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀφίκετο ἕως Ἐκβατάνων καὶ ἐκράτησε τῶν πύργων καὶ ἐπρονόμευσε τὰς πλατείας αὐτῆς καὶ τὸν κόσμον αὐτῆς ἔθηκεν εἰς ὄνειδος αὐτῆς
And he mastered his cities and came as far as Ecbatana, and he seized the towers and plundered its streets and turned its splendor into its shame.
Victory over the army becomes direct seizure, plunder, and humiliation of the Median capital.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκυρίευσεκυριεύωVAI AAI3S · κυριεύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionκυριεύω: meaning 'κυριεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωνcityN3I GPF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφίκετοἀποVBI AMI3S · ἱκνέομαι + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechἱκνέομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἘκβατάνωνEcbatanaN GP · Ἐκβάταναproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyἘκβατάνων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκράτησεκρατέωVAI AAI3S · κρατέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionκρατέω: meaning 'κρατέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύργωνtowerN2 GPM · πύργοςdative complementπύργος: meaning 'tower'; it serves as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπρονόμευσεπροVAI AAI3S · νομεύω + προmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionνομεύω + προ: meaning 'προ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλατείαςπλατύςA3U APF · πλατύςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ descriptive nuance within the lamentπλατύς: meaning 'πλατύς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῆςhis / her / theirRD GSF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόσμονornament / adornmentN2 ASM · κόσμοςdirect object of ἀφέλεσθε (coordinate with στολάς)→ object specificationκόσμος: meaning 'ornament'; it serves as direct object of ἀφέλεσθε (coordinate with στολάς).
αὐτῆςhis / her / theirRD GSF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἔθηκενissuedVAI AAI3S · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'issued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ὄνειδοςὄνειδοςN3E ASN · ὄνειδοςObject / complement→ object specificationὄνειδος: meaning 'ὄνειδος'; it serves as Object / complement.
αὐτῆςhis / her / theirRD GSF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
15
καὶ ἔλαβε τὸν Αρφαξαδ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι Ραγαυ καὶ κατηκόντισεν αὐτὸν ἐν ταῖς σιβύναις αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξωλέθρευσεν αὐτὸν ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἐκείνης
And he captured Arphaxad in the mountains of Ragau and speared him through with his javelins and destroyed him to this very day.
Arphaxad's personal destruction closes the eastern conflict and confirms Nebuchadnezzar's supremacy.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβελαμβάνωVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'λαμβάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑρφαξαδArphaxadN ASM · Αρφαξαδproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΑρφαξαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρεσιmountainN3E DPN · ὄροςdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
ΡαγαυRagauN GS · Ραγαυproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΡαγαυ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατηκόντισενspeared throughVAI AAI3S · κοντίζω + καταmain verbal form advancing the death sceneκοντίζω + κατα: meaning 'speared through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the death scene.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σιβύναιςjavelinsN1 DPF · σιβύνηdative instrument expressing the means of killingσιβύνη: meaning 'javelins'; it serves as dative instrument expressing the means of killing.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξωλέθρευσενdestroyVAI AAI3S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐκείνηςἐκεῖνοςRD GSF · ἐκεῖνοςPronominal reference→ relational specificationἐκείνης: meaning 'ἐκεῖνος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
16
καὶ ἀνέστρεψεν μετ' αὐτῶν αὐτὸς καὶ πᾶς ὁ σύμμικτος αὐτοῦ πλῆθος ἀνδρῶν πολεμιστῶν πολὺ σφόδρα καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ῥᾳθυμῶν καὶ εὐωχούμενος αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ δύναμις αὐτοῦ ἐφ' ἡμέρας ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι
Then he returned with them, he and all his mixed host, an exceedingly great multitude of fighting men; and there he lay at ease and feasted, he and his force, for one hundred and twenty days.
The chapter ends with imperial ease after conquest, a long pause before vengeance turns westward.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστρεψενreturnVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀναfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
αὐτὸςhe / she / it / theyRD NSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύμμικτοςmixedA1B NSM · σύμμικτοςadjectival modifier describing the hostσύμμικτος: meaning 'mixed'; it serves as adjectival modifier describing the host.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀνδρῶνmanN3 GPM · ἀνήρGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
πολεμιστῶνπολεμιστήςN1 GPM · πολεμιστήςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationπολεμιστής: meaning 'πολεμιστής'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
πολὺπολύςA1P NSN · πολύςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'πολύς'; it serves as Subject / head term.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίFinite verb / predicate→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ῥᾳθυμῶνresting at easeV2 · παπνσμ ῥᾳθυμέωparticiple describing leisurely aftermathπαπνσμ ῥᾳθυμέω: meaning 'resting at ease'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle describing leisurely aftermath.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐωχούμενοςfeastingV2 · πμπνσμ εὐωχέωparticiple describing convivial aftermathπμπνσμ εὐωχέω: meaning 'feasting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle describing convivial aftermath.
αὐτὸςhe / she / it / theyRD NSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμιςhostN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'host'; it serves as nominative (heading the tally).
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἑκατὸνἑκατόνM · ἑκατόνNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'ἑκατόν'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.