1
καὶ ἐν τῷ ἔτει τῷ ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳ δευτέρᾳ καὶ εἰκάδι τοῦ πρώτου μηνὸς ἐγένετο λόγος ἐν οἴκῳ Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλέως Ἀσσυρίων ἐκδικῆσαι πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν καθὼς ἐλάλησεν
And in the eighteenth year, on the twenty-second day of the first month, there arose a word in the house of Nebuchadnezzar king of the Assyrians, to avenge all the land just as he had spoken.
The new chapter resumes after eastern victory and makes revenge against the disobedient lands the court's stated objective.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτειyearsN3E DSN · ἔτοςdative complement→ sphere or referenceἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as dative complement.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀκτωκαιδεκάτῳeighteenthA1 DSN · ὀκτωκαιδέκατοςattributive ordinal (modifying ἔτει: 'eighteenth year')ὀκτωκαιδέκατος: meaning 'eighteenth'; it serves as attributive ordinal (modifying ἔτει: 'eighteenth year').
δευτέρᾳδεύτεροςA1A DSF · δεύτεροςDative complement→ sphere or referenceδεύτερος: meaning 'δεύτερος'; it serves as Dative complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰκάδιtwentiethN3D DSF · εἰκάςdative complement / reference or instrument→ sphere or referenceεἰκάς: meaning 'twentieth'; it serves as dative complement / reference or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτουfirstA1 GSMS · πρῶτοςordinal adjective in roster→ relational specificationπρῶτος: meaning 'first'; it serves as ordinal adjective in roster.
μηνὸςmonthN3 GSM · μήνgenitive dependent→ relational specificationμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
λόγοςλόγοςN2 NSM · λόγοςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'λόγος'; it serves as Subject / head term.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
οἴκῳοἶκοςN2 DSM · οἶκοςDative complement→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'οἶκος'; it serves as Dative complement.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the narrative or speech→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςindeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship)→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship).
ἐκδικῆσαιἐκVA AAN · δικέω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ oracle-specific judgment emphasisδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καθὼςκαθώςC · καθώςCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: meaning 'καθώς'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωFinite verb / predicate→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
2
καὶ συνεκάλεσεν πάντας τοὺς θεράποντας αὐτοῦ καὶ πάντας τοὺς μεγιστᾶνας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔθετο μετ' αὐτῶν τὸ μυστήριον τῆς βουλῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ συνετέλεσεν πᾶσαν τὴν κακίαν τῆς γῆς ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ
And he called all his attendants and all his nobles, and he laid before them the secret of his plan, and from his own mouth he brought to completion all the evil against the land.
Nebuchadnezzar discloses his inner policy to the elite and frames it as total punitive action.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεκάλεσενσυνVAI AAI3S · καλέω + συνinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clauseκαλέω + συν: meaning 'συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεράπονταςθεράπωνN3T APM · θεράπωνaccusative element functioning as object or goalθεράπων: meaning 'θεράπων'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγιστᾶναςmagnateN3 APM · μεγιστάνaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationμεγιστάν: meaning 'magnate'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθετοplace / appointVEI AMI3S · τίθημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μυστήριονsecretN2N ASN · μυστήριονdirect object within the council scene→ object specificationμυστήριον: meaning 'secret'; it serves as direct object within the council scene.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλῆςcouncilN1 GSF · βουλήgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationβουλή: meaning 'council'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετέλεσενcompleteVAI AAI3S · τελέω + συνfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ perfectiveτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κακίανwickedness / evilN1A ASF · κακίαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκακία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἐκfromP · ἐκPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
3
καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔκριναν ὀλεθρεῦσαι πᾶσαν σάρκα οἳ οὐκ ἠκολούθησαν τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ
And they decided to destroy all flesh who had not followed the word of his mouth.
The advisers ratify the king's logic by turning disobedience into a warrant for annihilation.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔκρινανκρίνωVAI AAI3P · κρίνωinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause→ constative aoristκρίνω: meaning 'κρίνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
ὀλεθρεῦσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύωParticipial modifier→ core verbal assertion advancing the psalm's prayer, contrast, or thanksgivingὀλεθρεύω: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Participial modifier.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
σάρκαfleshN3K ASF · σάρξaccusative object of ἐπί (what may not be anointed)→ object specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as accusative object of ἐπί (what may not be anointed).
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςPronominal reference→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
οὐκnotD · οὐAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠκολούθησανἀκολουθέωVAI AAI3P · ἀκολουθέωinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clauseἀκολουθέω: meaning 'ἀκολουθέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγῳmatterN2 DSM · λόγοςhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'matter'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματοςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
4
καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς συνετέλεσεν τὴν βουλὴν αὐτοῦ ἐκάλεσεν Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλεὺς Ἀσσυρίων τὸν Ολοφέρνην ἀρχιστράτηγον τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ δεύτερον ὄντα μετ' αὐτὸν καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν
And when he had finished his counsel, Nebuchadnezzar king of the Assyrians called Holofernes, commander in chief of his force, who was second after him, and said to him,
With policy settled, the king summons the officer who will embody imperial wrath on the ground.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςsubordinator shaping temporal or comparative force→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
συνετέλεσενcompleteVAI AAI3S · τελέω + συνfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ perfectiveτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουλὴνresolveN1 ASF · βουλήhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ object specificationβουλή: meaning 'resolve'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐκάλεσενcalledVAI AAI3S · καλέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the narrative or speech→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςindeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship)→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΟλοφέρνηνHolofernesN1M ASM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἀρχιστράτηγονcommanderN2 ASM · ἀρχιστράτηγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementἀρχιστράτηγος: meaning 'commander'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
δεύτερονsecondA1A ASM · δεύτεροςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ object specificationδεύτερος: meaning 'second'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὄνταontaV9 · παπασμ εἰμίparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ verbal action framed by the clause contextπαπασμ εἰμί: meaning 'onta'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsayVBI AAI3S · εἶπονFinite verb / predicate→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
5
τάδε λέγει ὁ βασιλεὺς ὁ μέγας ὁ κύριος πάσης τῆς γῆς ἰδοὺ σὺ ἐξελεύσῃ ἐκ τοῦ προσώπου μου καὶ λήμψῃ μετὰ σεαυτοῦ ἄνδρας πεποιθότας ἐν ἰσχύι αὐτῶν πεζῶν εἰς χιλιάδας ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι καὶ πλῆθος ἵππων σὺν ἀναβάταις χιλιάδας δέκα δύο
"Thus says the great king, the lord of all the earth: behold, you shall go out from my presence, and you shall take with yourself men confident in their strength, one hundred and twenty thousand infantry, and a multitude of horses with riders, twelve thousand.
The commission opens with extravagant royal titulature, troop numbers, and the transfer of power to Holofernes.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
τάδεοδεRD APN · ὅδεacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'οδε'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as Subject / head term.
πάσηςall / everyA1S GSF · πᾶςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἰδοὺἰδούI · ἰδούNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'ἰδού'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
σὺyouRP NS · σύSubject / head term→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Subject / head term.
ἐξελεύσῃyou shall go outVF FMI2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (Israel's advance)→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'you shall go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Israel's advance).
ἐκfromP · ἐκPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λήμψῃλαμβάνωVF FMI2S · λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ futureλαμβάνω: meaning 'λαμβάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
σεαυτοῦσεαυτοῦRD GSM · σεαυτοῦpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationσεαυτοῦ: meaning 'σεαυτοῦ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
πεποιθόταςconfidentVX · χαπαπμ πείθωparticiple modifying the men chosen for the campaign→ verbal action or stateχαπαπμ πείθω: meaning 'confident'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the men chosen for the campaign.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πεζῶνfoot-soldierA1 GPM · πεζόςGenitive modifier→ qualification or source relationπεζός: meaning 'foot-soldier'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
χιλιάδαςχιλίαςN3D APF · χιλίαςcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: meaning 'χιλίας'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἑκατὸνἑκατόνM · ἑκατόνNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'ἑκατόν'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
εἴκοσιtwentyM · εἴκοσιlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastεἴκοσι: meaning 'twenty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἵππωνhorseN2 GPF · ἵπποςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (accompaniment).
ἀναβάταιςἀναβάτηςN1M DPM · ἀναβάτηςdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ deliverance, judgment, and redeemed praiseἀναβάτης: meaning 'ἀναβάτης'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
χιλιάδαςχιλίαςN3D APF · χιλίαςcommon noun within the clause→ object focus or directional goalχιλίας: meaning 'χιλίας'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
δέκαδέκαM · δέκαNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'δέκα'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
6
καὶ ἐξελεύσῃ εἰς συνάντησιν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ ἐπὶ δυσμάς ὅτι ἠπείθησαν τῷ ῥήματι τοῦ στόματός μου
And you shall go out to meet all the land toward the west, because they disobeyed the word of my mouth.
The western campaign is explicitly framed as punishment for refusal to obey imperial speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσῃyou shall go outVF FMI2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (Israel's advance)→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'you shall go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Israel's advance).
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
συνάντησινa meeting / to meetN3I ASF · συνάντησιςaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet')→ object specificationσυνάντησις: meaning 'a meeting'; it serves as accusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet').
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇland / earthN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
δυσμάςδυσμήN1 APF · δυσμήaccusative element functioning as object or goalδυσμή: meaning 'δυσμή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἠπείθησανἀπειθέωVAI AAI3P · ἀπειθέωinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause→ constative aoristἀπειθέω: meaning 'ἀπειθέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματιwordN3M DSN · ῥῆμαnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματόςmouthN3M GSN · στόμαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ relational specificationστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
7
καὶ ἀπαγγελεῖς αὐτοῖς ἑτοιμάζειν γῆν καὶ ὕδωρ ὅτι ἐξελεύσομαι ἐν θυμῷ μου ἐπ' αὐτοὺς καὶ καλύψω πᾶν τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς ἐν τοῖς ποσὶν τῆς δυνάμεώς μου καὶ δώσω αὐτοὺς εἰς διαρπαγὴν αὐτοῖς
And you shall report to them to prepare earth and water, because I shall come out against them in my wrath, and I shall cover the whole face of the land with the feet of my force, and I shall give them over to plunder by them.
The king demands the classic symbols of submission and imagines his army trampling over the entire land.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπαγγελεῖςreportVF2 FAI2S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ futureἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἑτοιμάζεινἑτοιμάζωV1 PAN · ἑτοιμάζωinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clauseἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'ἑτοιμάζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕδωρὕδωρN3 ASN · ὕδωρObject / complement→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as Object / complement.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἐξελεύσομαιἔρχομαι + ἐκVF FMI1S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκFinite verb / predicate→ future projectionἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
θυμῷθυμόςN2 DSM · θυμόςDative complement→ sphere or referenceθυμός: meaning 'θυμός'; it serves as Dative complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλύψωκαλύπτωVF FAI1S · καλύπτωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ futureκαλύπτω: meaning 'καλύπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονObject / complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as Object / complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποσὶνfeetN3D DPM · πούςdative of manner ('on foot')→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as dative of manner ('on foot').
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεώςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσωgiveVF FAI1S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
διαρπαγὴνδιαρπαγήN1 ASF · διαρπαγήObject / complement→ object specificationδιαρπαγή: meaning 'διαρπαγή'; it serves as Object / complement.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
8
καὶ οἱ τραυματίαι αὐτῶν πληρώσουσιν τὰς φάραγγας αὐτῶν καὶ πᾶς χειμάρρους καὶ ποταμὸς ἐπικλύζων τοῖς νεκροῖς αὐτῶν πληρωθήσεται
And their wounded shall fill their ravines, and every torrent and river overflowing with their dead shall be filled.
The speech escalates into gruesome hyperbole in which the landscape itself is clogged with the dead.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραυματίαιslain / woundedN1T NPM · τραυματίαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceτραυματίας: meaning 'slain'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πληρώσουσινπληρόωVF FAI3S · πληρόωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionπληρόω: meaning 'πληρόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγγαςφάραγξN3G APF · φάραγξaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationφάραγξ: meaning 'φάραγξ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
χειμάρρουςχειμάρρουςN2 NSM · χειμάρρουςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierχειμάρρους: meaning 'χειμάρρους'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποταμὸςriverN2 NSM · ποταμόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐπικλύζωνoverflowingV1 · παπνσμ κλύζω + ἐπιparticiple modifying river in violent imagery→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κλύζω + ἐπι: meaning 'overflowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying river in violent imagery.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεκροῖςνεκρόςN2 DPM · νεκρόςdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceνεκρός: meaning 'νεκρός'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πληρωθήσεταιwill be filledVC FPI3S · πληρόωmain verbal form expressing resulting state→ futureπληρόω: meaning 'will be filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form expressing resulting state.
9
καὶ ἄξω τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὰ ἄκρα πάσης τῆς γῆς
And I will lead their captivity to the ends of all the earth.
Conquest is defined not only as killing but as exile on a world scale.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξωbringVF FAI1S · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ futureἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαναἰχμαλωσίαN1A ASF · αἰχμαλωσίαObject / complement→ object specificationαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'αἰχμαλωσία'; it serves as Object / complement.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄκραἄκροςA1A APN · ἄκροςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἄκρος: meaning 'ἄκρος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
πάσηςall / everyA1S GSF · πᾶςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
10
σὺ δὲ ἐξελθὼν προκαταλήμψῃ μοι πᾶν ὅριον αὐτῶν καὶ ἐκδώσουσίν σοι ἑαυτούς καὶ διατηρήσεις ἐμοὶ αὐτοὺς εἰς ἡμέραν ἐλεγμοῦ αὐτῶν
But you, when you have gone out, shall first seize for me all their territory; and they will surrender themselves to you, and you shall keep them for me until the day of their punishment.
Holofernes is told to secure the lands in advance and reserve compliant peoples for later reckoning.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύSubject / head term→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Subject / head term.
δὲbutX · δέParticle / discourse marker→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελθὼνhaving gone outVB · ααπνσμ ἔρχομαι + ἐκparticiple introducing prior action→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'having gone out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle introducing prior action.
προκαταλήμψῃκαταVF FMI2S · λαμβάνω + προ + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionλαμβάνω + προ + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ὅριονborderN2N ASN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδώσουσίνἐκVF FAI3P · δίδωμι + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionδίδωμι + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
σοιyouRP DS · σύDative complement→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Dative complement.
ἑαυτούςhimself / themselvesRD APM · ἑαυτοῦacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἑαυτούς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διατηρήσειςkeepVF FAI2S · τηρέω + διαfinite verb of reserved custody→ futureτηρέω + δια: meaning 'keep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb of reserved custody.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronoun→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραObject / complement→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as Object / complement.
ἐλεγμοῦpunishmentN2 GSM · ἐλεγμόςgenitive dependent on day→ relational specificationἐλεγμός: meaning 'punishment'; it serves as genitive dependent on day.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
11
ἐπὶ δὲ τοὺς ἀπειθοῦντας οὐ φείσεται ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοὺς εἰς φόνον καὶ ἁρπαγὴν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ σου
But against those who disobey, your eye shall not spare, to give them over to slaughter and plunder throughout all your land.
The order explicitly forbids mercy and authorizes destruction wherever resistance persists.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
δὲbutX · δέParticle / discourse marker→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπειθοῦνταςἀπειθέωV2 · παπαπμ ἀπειθέωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or descriptionπαπαπμ ἀπειθέω: meaning 'ἀπειθέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
οὐnotD · οὐAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Adverbial modifier.
φείσεταιφείδομαιVF FMI3S · φείδομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ futureφείδομαι: meaning 'φείδομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμόςeyeN2 NSM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
σουyourRP GS · σύGenitive modifier→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
φόνονslaughterN2 ASM · φόνοςObject / complement→ object specificationφόνος: meaning 'slaughter'; it serves as Object / complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁρπαγὴνplunderN1 ASF · ἁρπαγήaccusative object of violent delivery→ reverence, wealth, and received portionἁρπαγή: meaning 'plunder'; it serves as accusative object of violent delivery.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇland / earthN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
σουyourRP GS · σύGenitive modifier→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
12
ὅτι ζῶν ἐγὼ καὶ τὸ κράτος τῆς βασιλείας μου λελάληκα καὶ ποιήσω ταῦτα ἐν χειρί μου
For as I live, and by the power of my kingdom, I have spoken, and I will do these things by my hand.
Nebuchadnezzar seals the decree with a living-oath and claims personal agency in its fulfillment.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ζῶνlivingV3 · παπνσμ ζάωcircumstantial participle→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ζάω: meaning 'living'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώSubject / head term→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Subject / head term.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κράτοςmightN3E NSN · κράτοςSubject / head term→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκράτος: meaning 'might'; it serves as Subject / head term.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλείαςkingdomN1A GSF · βασιλείαcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
λελάληκαλαλέωVX XAI1S · λαλέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ verbal action or stateλαλέω: meaning 'λαλέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσωdo / makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωFinite verb / predicate→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ταῦταοὗτοςRD APN · οὗτοςPronominal reference→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
χειρίhandN3 DSF · χείρDative complement→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as Dative complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
13
καὶ σὺ δὲ οὐ παραβήσῃ ἕν τι τῶν ῥημάτων τοῦ κυρίου σου ἀλλὰ ἐπιτελῶν ἐπιτελέσεις καθότι προστέταχά σοι καὶ οὐ μακρυνεῖς τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτά
And you, for your part, shall not transgress one of the words of your lord, but by carrying them out you shall carry them out just as I have commanded you, and you shall not delay to do them."
The speech ends by demanding perfect and immediate obedience from Holofernes himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύSubject / head term→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Subject / head term.
δὲbutX · δέParticle / discourse marker→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Adverbial modifier.
παραβήσῃπαραVF FMI2S · βαίνω + παραmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionβαίνω + παρα: meaning 'παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
ἕνεἷςA3 ASN · εἷςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ measure or countἕν: meaning 'εἷς'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τιanythingRI ASN · τιςaccusative object of ὑφεῖλεν (the withheld thing — nothing)→ participant referenceτι: meaning 'anything'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of ὑφεῖλεν (the withheld thing — nothing).
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥημάτωνof wordsN3M GPN · ῥῆμαgenitive (defining φωνήν: 'a voice consisting of words')→ participantῥῆμα: meaning 'of words'; it serves as genitive (defining φωνήν: 'a voice consisting of words').
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύGenitive modifier→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
ἀλλὰἀλλάC · ἀλλάCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'ἀλλά'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιτελῶνby carrying outV2 · παπνσμ τελέω + ἐπιparticiple reinforcing exact obedienceπαπνσμ τελέω + ἐπι: meaning 'by carrying out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle reinforcing exact obedience.
ἐπιτελέσειςἐπιVF FAI2S · τελέω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionτελέω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
καθότικαθότιC · καθότιCoordinator→ tested pleasure and limited enjoymentκαθότι: meaning 'καθότι'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
προστέταχάπροςVX XAI1S · τάσσω + προςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionτάσσω + προς: meaning 'προς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
σοιyouRP DS · σύDative complement→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Dative complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Adverbial modifier.
μακρυνεῖςμακρύνωVF2 FAI2S · μακρύνωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionμακρύνω: meaning 'μακρύνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιdo / makeVA AAN · ποιέωParticipial modifier→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Participial modifier.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
14
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ολοφέρνης ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκάλεσεν πάντας τοὺς δυνάστας καὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ ἐπιστάτας τῆς δυνάμεως Ασσουρ
And Holofernes went out from the presence of his lord and called all the governors and the generals and overseers of the force of Asshur.
The narrative now converts royal speech into administrative and military action.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name within the narrative or speechΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσενcalledVAI AAI3S · καλέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάσταςδυνάστηςN1M APM · δυνάστηςObject / complement→ object specificationδυνάστης: meaning 'δυνάστης'; it serves as Object / complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατηγοὺςgeneralN2 APM · στρατηγόςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationστρατηγός: meaning 'general'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστάταςἐπιστάτηςN1 APM · ἐπιστάτηςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἐπιστάτης: meaning 'ἐπιστάτης'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GS · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
15
καὶ ἠρίθμησεν ἐκλεκτοὺς ἄνδρας εἰς παράταξιν καθότι ἐκέλευσεν αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ εἰς μυριάδας δέκα δύο καὶ ἱππεῖς τοξότας μυρίους δισχιλίους
And he counted chosen men for battle, as his lord had commanded him, one hundred and twenty thousand and mounted archers twelve thousand.
The precise numbers underscore disciplined implementation of the royal order.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠρίθμησενnumber / countVAI AAI3S · ἀριθμέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ hidden wisdom and fear of the Lordἀριθμέω: meaning 'number'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐκλεκτοὺςἐκλεκτόςA1 APM · ἐκλεκτόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἐκλεκτός: meaning 'ἐκλεκτός'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
παράταξινbattleN3I ASF · παράταξιςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καθότικαθότιC · καθότιCoordinator→ tested pleasure and limited enjoymentκαθότι: meaning 'καθότι'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἐκέλευσενkept exhortingVAI AAI3S · κελεύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristκελεύω: meaning 'kept exhorting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτῷhim / her / themRD DSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as Subject / head term.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
μυριάδαςmyriadasN3D APF · μυριάςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationμυριάς: meaning 'myriadas'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
δέκαδέκαM · δέκαNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastδέκα: meaning 'δέκα'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱππεῖςhorsemanN3V APM · ἱππεύςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationἱππεύς: meaning 'horseman'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τοξόταςτοξότηςN1 APM · τοξότηςaccusative element functioning as object or goalτοξότης: meaning 'τοξότης'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μυρίουςten thousandA1A APM · μύριοιadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseμύριοι: meaning 'ten thousand'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
δισχιλίουςtwo thousandA1A APM · δισχίλιοιaccusative object or complementδισχίλιοι: meaning 'two thousand'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
16
καὶ διέταξεν αὐτοὺς ὃν τρόπον πολέμου πλῆθος συντάσσεται
And he arranged them in the way that the multitude of war is marshaled.
The host is set in formal battle order suitable to a great imperial campaign.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέταξενarrangedVAI AAI3S · τάσσω + διαmain verbal form describing military organization→ constative aoristτάσσω + δια: meaning 'arranged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form describing military organization.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὃνwho / whichRR ASM · ὅςPronominal reference→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
τρόπονmannerN2 ASM · τρόποςadverbial accusative (manner)→ object specificationτρόπος: meaning 'manner'; it serves as adverbial accusative (manner).
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
συντάσσεταισυνV1 PMI3S · τάσσω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionτάσσω + συν: meaning 'συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
17
καὶ ἔλαβεν καμήλους καὶ ὄνους καὶ ἡμιόνους εἰς τὴν ἀπαρτίαν αὐτῶν πλῆθος πολὺ σφόδρα καὶ πρόβατα καὶ βόας καὶ αἶγας εἰς τὴν παρασκευὴν αὐτῶν ὧν οὐκ ἦν ἀριθμός
And he took camels and donkeys and mules for their baggage, an exceedingly great number, and sheep and cattle and goats for their provisioning, without number.
Pack animals and livestock reveal the depth and sustainability of the marching apparatus.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
καμήλουςcamelN2 APM · κάμηλοςaccusative object or complement→ lexical contribution to the lamentκάμηλος: meaning 'camel'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνουςdonkeyN2 APM · ὄνοςnominal term functioning as an accusative complementὄνος: meaning 'donkey'; it serves as nominal term functioning as an accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμιόνουςof mulesN2 APM · ἡμίονοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termἡμίονος: meaning 'of mules'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρτίανbaggage trainN1A ASF · ἀπαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀπαρτία: meaning 'baggage train'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πολὺmuchA1P ASN · πολύςattributive adjective (with σπέρμα)→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as attributive adjective (with σπέρμα).
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόβαταπρόβατονN2N APN · πρόβατονObject / complement→ object specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'πρόβατον'; it serves as Object / complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βόαςβοῦςN3 APM · βοῦςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationβοῦς: meaning 'βοῦς'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἶγαςαἴξN3G APM · αἴξaccusative element functioning as object or goalαἴξ: meaning 'αἴξ'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρασκευὴνpreparationN1 ASF · παρασκευήsubstantive functioning within the clause according to caseπαρασκευή: meaning 'preparation'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to case.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςPronominal reference→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
οὐκnotD · οὐAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίFinite verb / predicate→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἀριθμόςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
18
καὶ ἐπισιτισμὸν παντὶ ἀνδρὶ εἰς πλῆθος καὶ χρυσίον καὶ ἀργύριον ἐξ οἴκου βασιλέως πολὺ σφόδρα
And he took food for every man in abundance, and very much gold and silver from the king's house.
The expedition is backed both by daily sustenance and by lavish royal wealth.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπισιτισμὸνprovisionsN2 ASM · ἐπισιτισμόςdirect object of δοῦναι→ object specificationἐπισιτισμός: meaning 'provisions'; it serves as direct object of δοῦναι.
παντὶall / everyA3 DSM · πᾶςDative complement→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Dative complement.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίονχρυσίονN2N ASN · χρυσίονObject / complement→ object specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'χρυσίον'; it serves as Object / complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀργύριονἀργύριονN2N ASN · ἀργύριονObject / complement→ object specificationἀργύριον: meaning 'ἀργύριον'; it serves as Object / complement.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἴκουοἶκοςN2 GSM · οἶκοςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'οἶκος'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
πολὺmuchA1P ASN · πολύςattributive adjective (with σπέρμα)→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as attributive adjective (with σπέρμα).
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
19
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν αὐτὸς καὶ πᾶσα ἡ δύναμις αὐτοῦ εἰς πορείαν τοῦ προελθεῖν βασιλέως Ναβουχοδονοσορ καὶ καλύψαι πᾶν τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς πρὸς δυσμαῖς ἐν ἅρμασι καὶ ἱππεῦσι καὶ πεζοῖς ἐπιλέκτοις αὐτῶν
Then he himself and all his force set out on march, to go before King Nebuchadnezzar and to cover the whole face of the land westward with their chariots and horsemen and their chosen infantry.
The army now begins the westward movement described in the king's own rhetoric of territorial covering.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτὸςhe / she / it / theyRD NSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαall / everyA1S NSF · πᾶςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Subject / head term.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμιςhostN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'host'; it serves as nominative (heading the tally).
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πορείανmarchN1A ASF · πορείαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπορεία: meaning 'march'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προελθεῖνπροVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + προinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause→ public wisdom and created orderἔρχομαι + προ: meaning 'προ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the narrative or speech→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλύψαικαλύπτωVA AAN · καλύπτωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion→ infinitival complementκαλύπτω: meaning 'καλύπτω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονObject / complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as Object / complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
δυσμαῖςwestwardN1 DPF · δυσμήcommon noun or modifier within the list formulaδυσμή: meaning 'westward'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἅρμασιchariotN3M DPN · ἅρμαdative substantive marking reference, means, or locationἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἱππεῦσιhorsemanN3U DPM · ἱππεύςdative substantive marking reference, means, or locationἱππεύς: meaning 'horseman'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεζοῖςinfantryA1 DPM · πεζόςdative substantive marking reference, means, or locationπεζός: meaning 'infantry'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
ἐπιλέκτοιςἐπίλεκτοςA1B DPM · ἐπίλεκτοςdative substantive marking reference, means, or locationἐπίλεκτος: meaning 'ἐπίλεκτος'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
20
καὶ πολὺς ὁ ἐπίμικτος ὡς ἀκρὶς συνεξῆλθον αὐτοῖς καὶ ὡς ἡ ἄμμος τῆς γῆς οὐ γὰρ ἦν ἀριθμὸς ἀπὸ πλήθους αὐτῶν
And a great mixed multitude went out with them, like locusts and like the sand of the earth; for there was no numbering them because of their multitude.
Locust and sand imagery turns the army's size into a natural-force metaphor of overwhelming abundance.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολὺςmuchA1P NSM · πολύςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίμικτοςmixed elementA1B NSM · ἐπίμικτοςnominal term functioning as subject or predicate complementἐπίμικτος: meaning 'mixed element'; it serves as nominal term functioning as subject or predicate complement.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςsubordinator shaping temporal or comparative force→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἀκρὶςἀκρίςN3D NSF · ἀκρίςhead noun or nominative element within the clause→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationἀκρίς: meaning 'ἀκρίς'; it serves as head noun or nominative element within the clause.
συνεξῆλθονwent out togetherVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + συν + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the departureἔρχομαι + συν + ἐκ: meaning 'went out together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the departure.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςsubordinator shaping temporal or comparative force→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμμοςsandN2 NSF · ἄμμοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceἄμμος: meaning 'sand'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
οὐnotD · οὐAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Adverbial modifier.
γὰρforX · γάρParticle / discourse marker→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίFinite verb / predicate→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἀριθμὸςnumberN2 NSM · ἀριθμόςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἀριθμός: meaning 'number'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πλήθουςplethosN3E GSN · πλῆθοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'plethos'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
21
καὶ ἀπῆλθον ἐκ Νινευη ὁδὸν τριῶν ἡμερῶν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τοῦ πεδίου Βεκτιλεθ καὶ ἐπεστρατοπέδευσαν ἀπὸ Βεκτιλεθ πλησίον τοῦ ὄρους τοῦ ἐπ' ἀριστερᾷ τῆς ἄνω Κιλικίας
And they went from Nineveh a journey of three days to the front of the plain of Bectileth, and they encamped from Bectileth near the mountain that lies on the left of upper Cilicia.
The route from Nineveh to Bectileth locates the invasion on the threshold of the western theatre.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῆλθονἔρχομαι + ἀποVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἀποFinite verb / predicate→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἔρχομαι + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἐκfromP · ἐκPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ΝινευηNinevehN GS · Νινευηproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΝινευη: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τριῶνthreeA3 GPF · τρεῖςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ descriptionτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονObject / complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as Object / complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίουfield / plainN2N GSN · πεδίονgenitive (with κόχλαξιν: 'flints of the field')→ relational specificationπεδίον: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive (with κόχλαξιν: 'flints of the field').
ΒεκτιλεθBectilethN GS · Βεκτιλεθproper name within the campaign geographyΒεκτιλεθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεστρατοπέδευσανencampedVAI AAI3P · στρατοπεδεύω + ἐπιmain verbal form marking military stagingστρατοπεδεύω + ἐπι: meaning 'encamped'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form marking military staging.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒεκτιλεθBectilethN GS · Βεκτιλεθproper name within the campaign geographyΒεκτιλεθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονindeclinable element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρουςmountainN3E GSN · ὄροςgenitive of relationship (with βορρᾶ: 'north of the mountain')→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as genitive of relationship (with βορρᾶ: 'north of the mountain').
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἀριστερᾷleft handA1A DSF · ἀριστερόςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ trust, discipline, and ordered flourishingἀριστερός: meaning 'left hand'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνωanoD · ἄνωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ discourse linkage or contrastἄνω: meaning 'ano'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
Κιλικίαςof CiliciaN1A GSF · Κιλικίαproper name within the campaign geographyΚιλικίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
22
καὶ ἔλαβεν πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ τοὺς πεζοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἱππεῖς καὶ τὰ ἅρματα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ἐκεῖθεν εἰς τὴν ὀρεινήν
Then he took all his force, the infantry and the cavalry and his chariots, and went from there into the hill country.
After staging the march, the narrative shows the full army turning into the uplands where direct devastation begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμινforce / powerN3I ASF · δύναμιςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεζοὺςinfantryA1 APM · πεζόςaccusative element functioning as object or goalπεζός: meaning 'infantry'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱππεῖςhorsemanN3U APM · ἱππεύςaccusative element functioning as object or goalἱππεύς: meaning 'horseman'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅρματαchariotN3M APN · ἅρμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἅρμα: meaning 'chariot'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῆλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποinfinitive complement within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
ἐκεῖθενfrom thereD · ἐκεῖθενAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖθεν: meaning 'from there'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινήνhill countryN1 ASF · ὀρεινήaccusative element functioning as object or goalὀρεινή: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
23
καὶ διέκοψεν τὸ Φουδ καὶ Λουδ καὶ ἐπρονόμευσεν υἱοὺς πάντας Ρασσις καὶ υἱοὺς Ισμαηλ τοὺς κατὰ πρόσωπον τῆς ἐρήμου πρὸς νότον τῆς Χελεων
And he cut through Phud and Lud and plundered all the sons of Rassis and the sons of Ishmael who were opposite the wilderness to the south of Cheleon.
The first blow of the western march falls on desert-frontier peoples through plunder and disruption.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέκοψενbroke throughVAI AAI3S · κόπτω + διαmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeκόπτω + δια: meaning 'broke through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΦουδPhudN ASN · Φουδproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΦουδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΛουδLudN ASN · Λουδproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΛουδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπρονόμευσενπροVAI AAI3S · νομεύω + προinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clauseνομεύω + προ: meaning 'προ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
υἱοὺςsonN2 APM · υἱόςObject / complement→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as Object / complement.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ΡασσιςRassisN GS · Ρασσιςproper name within the campaign geographyΡασσις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὺςsonN2 APM · υἱόςObject / complement→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as Object / complement.
ΙσμαηλIshmaelN GSM · Ισμαηλsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσμαηλ: meaning 'Ishmael'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατὰagainst / according toP · κατάPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονObject / complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as Object / complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμουwildernessN2 GSF · ἔρημοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἔρημος: meaning 'wilderness'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
νότοννότοςN2 ASM · νότοςObject / complement→ object specificationνότος: meaning 'νότος'; it serves as Object / complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΧελεωνCheleonN GSF · Χελεωνproper name within the campaign geographyΧελεων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
24
καὶ παρῆλθεν τὸν Εὐφράτην καὶ διῆλθεν τὴν Μεσοποταμίαν καὶ κατέσκαψεν πάσας τὰς πόλεις τὰς ὑψηλὰς τὰς ἐπὶ τοῦ χειμάρρου Αβρωνα ἕως τοῦ ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ θάλασσαν
And he crossed the Euphrates and passed through Mesopotamia and tore down all the lofty cities that were on the torrent Abrona, until he came to the sea.
The campaign is narrated as relentless movement paired with the demolition of urban high places.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρῆλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + παραparticiple contributing circumstance, manner, or description→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + παρα: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing circumstance, manner, or description.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕὐφράτηνEuphratesN1M ASM · Εὐφράτηςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ participant identificationΕὐφράτην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διῆλθενpass throughVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜεσοποταμίανMesopotamiaN1A ASF · Μεσοποταμίαaccusative of goal (broad destination)→ object specificationΜεσοποταμίαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative of goal (broad destination).
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέσκαψενtore downVAI AAI3S · σκάπτω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ household prudence and fear of the Lordσκάπτω + κατα: meaning 'tore down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλὰςhypselasA1 APF · ὑψηλόςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a acc relationὑψηλός: meaning 'hypselas'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a acc relation.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειμάρρουχειμάρρουςN2 GSM · χειμάρρουςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationχειμάρρους: meaning 'χειμάρρους'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ΑβρωναAbronaN GS · Αβρωναproper name within the campaign geographyΑβρωνα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
θάλασσανseaN1S ASF · θάλασσαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
25
καὶ κατελάβετο τὰ ὅρια τῆς Κιλικίας καὶ κατέκοψε πάντας τοὺς ἀντιστάντας αὐτῷ καὶ ἦλθεν ἕως ὁρίων Ιαφεθ τὰ πρὸς νότον κατὰ πρόσωπον τῆς Ἀραβίας
And he seized the borders of Cilicia and cut down all who resisted him, and he came as far as the borders of Japheth, which lie toward the south opposite Arabia.
Resistance is met with killing, and the route keeps extending toward the Arabian frontier.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατελάβετοcapturedVBI AMI3S · λαμβάνω + καταmain verb (capture of the city)→ aorist middleλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'captured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (capture of the city).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Κιλικίαςof CiliciaN1A GSF · Κιλικίαproper name within the campaign geographyΚιλικίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέκοψεκαταVAI AAI3S · κόπτω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionκόπτω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀντιστάνταςresistingVH · ααπαπμ ἵστημι + ἀντιparticiple modifying those cut downααπαπμ ἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'resisting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying those cut down.
αὐτῷhim / her / themRD DSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιFinite verb / predicate→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ὁρίωνbordersN2N GPN · ὅριονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ relational specificationὅριον: meaning 'borders'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ΙαφεθJaphethN GS · Ιαφεθproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΙαφεθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
νότοννότοςN2 ASM · νότοςObject / complement→ object specificationνότος: meaning 'νότος'; it serves as Object / complement.
κατὰagainst / according toP · κατάPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονObject / complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as Object / complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἈραβίαςἈραβίαN1A GSF · Ἀραβίαgenitive element qualifying another term→ complaint, violence, and the chaldean problemἈραβίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive element qualifying another term.
26
καὶ ἐκύκλωσεν πάντας τοὺς υἱοὺς Μαδιαμ καὶ ἐνέπρησεν τὰ σκηνώματα αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπρονόμευσεν τὰς μάνδρας αὐτῶν
And he encircled all the sons of Midian and burned their tents and plundered their sheepfolds.
The raid reaches pastoral life itself, destroying both encampments and the infrastructure of herding.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκύκλωσενκυκλόωVAI AAI3S · κυκλόωinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause→ constative aoristκυκλόω: meaning 'κυκλόω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonN2 APM · υἱόςObject / complement→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as Object / complement.
ΜαδιαμMidianN GS · Μαδιαμproper name within the narrative or campaign geography→ participant identificationΜαδιαμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέπρησενhe burnedVAI AAI3S · πίμπρημι + ἐνmain verb (the burning)→ constative aoristπίμπρημι + ἐν: meaning 'he burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the burning).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώματαcampN3M APN · σκήνωμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκήνωμα: meaning 'camp'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπρονόμευσενπροVAI AAI3S · νομεύω + προinfinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clauseνομεύω + προ: meaning 'προ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing the action, purpose, or result of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάνδραςμάνδραN1A APF · μάνδραaccusative element functioning as object or goalμάνδρα: meaning 'μάνδρα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
27
καὶ κατέβη εἰς πεδίον Δαμασκοῦ ἐν ἡμέραις θερισμοῦ πυρῶν καὶ ἐνέπρησεν πάντας τοὺς ἀγροὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ποίμνια καὶ τὰ βουκόλια ἔδωκεν εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ τὰς πόλεις αὐτῶν ἐσκύλευσεν καὶ τὰ πεδία αὐτῶν ἐξελίκμησεν καὶ ἐπάταξεν πάντας τοὺς νεανίσκους αὐτῶν ἐν στόματι ῥομφαίας
And he went down into the plain of Damascus in the days of the wheat harvest and burned all their fields, and he gave their flocks and herds over to destruction; he plundered their cities and stripped bare their plains and struck all their young men with the edge of the sword.
Harvest-time burning and the destruction of youth, food, and settlements make this the chapter's fullest picture of punitive total war.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέβηwent downVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πεδίονplain / lowlandN2N ASN · πεδίονaccusative (coordinate zone)→ object specificationπεδίον: meaning 'plain'; it serves as accusative (coordinate zone).
ΔαμασκοῦDamascusN2 GSM · Δαμασκόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or descriptionΔαμασκοῦ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
θερισμοῦθερισμόςN2 GSM · θερισμόςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationθερισμός: meaning 'θερισμός'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
πυρῶνπυρόςN1A GPF · πυρόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπυρός: meaning 'πυρός'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέπρησενhe burnedVAI AAI3S · πίμπρημι + ἐνmain verb (the burning)→ constative aoristπίμπρημι + ἐν: meaning 'he burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the burning).
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγροὺςfieldN2 APM · ἀγρόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ object specificationἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποίμνιαflocksN2N APN · ποίμνιονsubject (in apposition)→ nominal, pronominal, or adjectival contribution to the oracle's imagery and argumentποίμνιον: meaning 'flocks'; it serves as subject (in apposition).
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουκόλιαherdsN2N APN · βουκόλιονaccusative object within pastoral inventoryβουκόλιον: meaning 'herds'; it serves as accusative object within pastoral inventory.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἀφανισμὸνobliterationN2 ASM · ἀφανισμόςaccusative of result (with εἰς, climactic)→ object specificationἀφανισμός: meaning 'obliteration'; it serves as accusative of result (with εἰς, climactic).
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐσκύλευσενplunderedVAI AAI3S · σκυλεύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative→ constative aoristσκυλεύω: meaning 'plundered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίαfieldsN2N APN · πεδίονcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπεδίον: meaning 'fields'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐξελίκμησενstripped bareVAI AAI3S · λικμάω + ἐκmain verbal form describing devastation of the plainsλικμάω + ἐκ: meaning 'stripped bare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form describing devastation of the plains.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεανίσκουςyoung menN2 APM · νεανίσκοςdirect object of ἀπέστειλεν→ object specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young men'; it serves as direct object of ἀπέστειλεν.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
ῥομφαίαςswordN1A GSF · ῥομφαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
28
καὶ ἐπέπεσεν φόβος καὶ τρόμος αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν παραλίαν τοὺς ὄντας ἐν Σιδῶνι καὶ ἐν Τύρῳ καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Σουρ καὶ Οκινα καὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ιεμνααν καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Ἀζώτῳ καὶ Ἀσκαλῶνι ἐφοβήθησαν αὐτὸν σφόδρα
And fear and trembling of him fell upon those dwelling on the seacoast, those who were in Sidon and in Tyre and those dwelling in Sur and Ocina and all who dwelt in Jemnaan; and those dwelling in Azotus and Ascalon feared him greatly.
The violence becomes its own herald, spreading terror ahead of the army among the coastal populations.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέπεσενfell uponVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'fell upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρόμοςtremblingN2 NSM · τρόμοςsubject of ἔλαβεν→ participant prominenceτρόμος: meaning 'trembling'; it serves as subject of ἔλαβεν.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραλίανseacoastA1A ASF · παράλιοςaccusative (coordinate zone: the coastland)παράλιος: meaning 'seacoast'; it serves as accusative (coordinate zone: the coastland).
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνταςbeV9 · παπαπμ εἰμίmain finite verb of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ εἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main finite verb of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ΣιδῶνιSidonN3N DS · Σιδώνproper name within the campaign geographyΣιδῶνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ΤύρῳTyreN2 DSM · Τύροςdative substantive marking reference, means, or locationΤύρῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ΣουρSurN DS · Σουρproper name within the narrative or campaign geographyΣουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΟκιναOcinaN DS · Οκιναproper name within the campaign geographyΟκινα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦνταςthose dwellingV2 · παπαπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'those dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ΙεμναανJemnaanN DS · Ιεμναανproper name within the campaign geographyΙεμνααν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ἈζώτῳAzotusN2 DSM · Ἄζωτοςdative substantive marking reference, means, or locationἈζώτῳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἈσκαλῶνιAscalonN3 DS · Ἀσκαλώνproper name within the campaign geographyἈσκαλῶνι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
ἐφοβήθησανfearVCI API3P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ constative aoristφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.