1
καὶ ἀπέστειλαν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀγγέλους λόγοις εἰρηνικοῖς λέγοντες
And they sent to him messengers with words of peace, saying,
The coastal populations answer terror not with resistance but with a diplomatic overture of surrender.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλανsentVAI AAI3P · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀγγέλουςmessengersN2 APM · ἄγγελοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἄγγελος: meaning 'messengers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
λόγοιςλόγοςN2 DPM · λόγοςDative complement→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'λόγος'; it serves as Dative complement.
εἰρηνικοῖςpeacefulA1 DPM · εἰρηνικόςdative complementεἰρηνικός: meaning 'peaceful'; it serves as dative complement.
λέγοντεςsayingV1 · παπνπμ λέγωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
2
ἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς οἱ παῖδες Ναβουχοδονοσορ βασιλέως μεγάλου παρακείμεθα ἐνώπιόν σου χρῆσαι ἡμῖν καθὼς ἀρεστόν ἐστιν τῷ προσώπῳ σου
"Behold, we, the servants of Nebuchadnezzar the great king, lie before you; deal with us as is pleasing before you.
Their speech adopts the posture of servants already prostrate before imperial power.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἰδοὺἰδούI · ἰδούNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'ἰδού'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡμεῖςIRP NP · ἐγώSubject / head term→ participant referenceἡμεῖς: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Subject / head term.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδεςservantN3D NPM · παῖςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορproper name within the narrative or speech→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the narrative or speech.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
παρακείμεθαlie beforeV5 PMI1P · κεῖμαι + παραfinite verb of submissive self-placementκεῖμαι + παρα: meaning 'lie before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb of submissive self-placement.
ἐνώπιόνenopionP · ἐνώπιονprepositional element governing its complement→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιόν: meaning 'enopion'; here it marks the relation signaled by prepositional element governing its complement.
σουyourRP GS · σύGenitive modifier→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
χρῆσαιχράωVA AAN · χράωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionχράω: meaning 'χράω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
ἡμῖνmeRP DP · ἐγώDative complement→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Dative complement.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςindeclinable element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀρεστόνἀρεστόςA1 NSN · ἀρεστόςSubject / head termἀρεστός: meaning 'ἀρεστός'; it serves as Subject / head term.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπῳface / presenceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονDative complement→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as Dative complement.
σουyourRP GS · σύGenitive modifier→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
3
ἰδοὺ αἱ ἐπαύλεις ἡμῶν καὶ πᾶς τόπος ἡμῶν καὶ πᾶν πεδίον πυρῶν καὶ τὰ ποίμνια καὶ τὰ βουκόλια καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ μάνδραι τῶν σκηνῶν ἡμῶν παράκεινται πρὸ προσώπου σου χρῆσαι καθὸ ἂν ἀρέσκῃ σοι
Behold, our homesteads and all our place and every field of grain and our flocks and herds and all the folds of our tents lie before you; use them as may please you.
Agriculture, pastoral wealth, and domestic life are all placed at Holofernes' disposal.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
ἰδοὺἰδούI · ἰδούNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'ἰδού'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαύλειςvillageN3I NPF · ἔπαυλιςnominative head term or subject complement→ participant prominenceἔπαυλις: meaning 'village'; it serves as nominative head term or subject complement.
ἡμῶνmyRP GP · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τόποςtoposN2 NSM · τόποςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceτόπος: meaning 'topos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἡμῶνmyRP GP · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνall / everyA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
πεδίονplainN2N NSN · πεδίονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationπεδίον: meaning 'plain'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
πυρῶνπυρόςN1A GPF · πυρόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπυρός: meaning 'πυρός'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποίμνιαποίμνιονN2N NPN · ποίμνιονnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceποίμνιον: meaning 'ποίμνιον'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουκόλιαherdsN2N NPN · βουκόλιονaccusative object within pastoral inventory→ locust devastation and communal lamentβουκόλιον: meaning 'herds'; it serves as accusative object within pastoral inventory.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαιall / everyA1S NPF · πᾶςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Subject / head term.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μάνδραιμάνδραN1A NPF · μάνδραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant or thing named in the clauseμάνδρα: meaning 'μάνδρα'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῶνtentN1 GPF · σκηνήcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἡμῶνmyRP GP · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
παράκεινταιlie beforeV5 PMI3P · κεῖμαι + παραfinite verb of availability and submissionκεῖμαι + παρα: meaning 'lie before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb of availability and submission.
πρὸπρόP · πρόPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'πρό'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
σουyourRP GS · σύGenitive modifier→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
χρῆσαιχράωVA AAN · χράωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionχράω: meaning 'χράω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
καθὸinasmuch asD · καθόadverbial modifier qualifying manner, time, degree, or discourse flowκαθό: meaning 'inasmuch as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρέσκῃpleaseV1 PAS3S · ἀρέσκωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionἀρέσκω: meaning 'please'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
σοιyouRP DS · σύDative complement→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Dative complement.
4
ἰδοὺ καὶ αἱ πόλεις ἡμῶν καὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν αὐταῖς δοῦλοι σοί εἰσιν ἐλθὼν ἀπάντησον αὐταῖς ὡς ἔστιν ἀγαθὸν ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς σου
Behold, even our cities and those dwelling in them are your slaves; come and deal with them as is good in your eyes."
The surrender extends from produce and flocks to urban communities and human lives.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἰδοὺἰδούI · ἰδούNominal modifier or complement→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'ἰδού'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
ἡμῶνmyRP GP · ἐγώGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
αὐταῖςhim / her / themRD DPF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestαὐταῖς: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
δοῦλοιdoyloiN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominal term functioning in a nom relation→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'doyloi'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a nom relation.
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
εἰσινthey areV9 PAI3P · εἰμίcopula→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'they are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as copula.
ἐλθὼνcomeVB · ααπνσμ ἔρχομαιparticiple introducing the requested action→ verbal action or stateααπνσμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle introducing the requested action.
ἀπάντησονἀποVA AAD2S · ἀντάω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionἀντάω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
αὐταῖςhim / her / themRD DPF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestαὐταῖς: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ὡςas / whenC · ὡςsubordinator shaping temporal or comparative force→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἔστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίFinite verb / predicate→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἀγαθὸνgoodA1 NSN · ἀγαθόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ mortality, patience, and limited wisdomἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἐνinP · ἐνPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ὀφθαλμοῖςὀφθαλμόςN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςDative complement→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'ὀφθαλμός'; it serves as Dative complement.
σουyourRP GS · σύGenitive modifier→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Genitive modifier.
5
καὶ παρεγένοντο οἱ ἄνδρες πρὸς Ολοφέρνην καὶ ἀπήγγειλαν αὐτῷ κατὰ τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα
And the men came to Holofernes and reported to him according to these words.
The embassy's self-abasing message is transmitted without alteration.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεγένοντογίγνομαι + παραVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαι + παραFinite verb / predicate→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγίγνομαι + παρα: meaning 'γίγνομαι + παρα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
ΟλοφέρνηνHolofernesN1M ASM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήγγειλανreportVAI AAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῷhim / her / themRD DSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
κατὰagainst / according toP · κατάPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαῥῆμαN3M APN · ῥῆμαObject / complement→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'ῥῆμα'; it serves as Object / complement.
ταῦταοὗτοςRD APN · οὗτοςPronominal reference→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'οὗτος'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
6
καὶ κατέβη ἐπὶ τὴν παραλίαν αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ δύναμις αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐφρούρωσε τὰς πόλεις τὰς ὑψηλὰς καὶ ἔλαβεν ἐξ αὐτῶν εἰς συμμαχίαν ἄνδρας ἐπιλέκτους
And he himself and his force went down to the seacoast, and he garrisoned the strong cities and took from them chosen men as allies.
Holofernes accepts submission by converting it into occupation, military control, and selective conscription.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέβηwent downVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραλίανseacoastA1A ASF · παράλιοςaccusative (coordinate zone: the coastland)παράλιος: meaning 'seacoast'; it serves as accusative (coordinate zone: the coastland).
αὐτὸςhe / she / it / theyRD NSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμιςhostN3I NSF · δύναμιςnominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: meaning 'host'; it serves as nominative (heading the tally).
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφρούρωσεgarrisonedVAI AAI3S · φρουρόωmain verbal form describing occupationφρουρόω: meaning 'garrisoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form describing occupation.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I APF · πόλιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψηλὰςhypselasA1 APF · ὑψηλόςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a acc relationὑψηλός: meaning 'hypselas'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a acc relation.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPF · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
συμμαχίανσυμμαχίαN1A ASF · συμμαχίαObject / complementσυμμαχία: meaning 'συμμαχία'; it serves as Object / complement.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
ἐπιλέκτουςἐπίλεκτοςA1B APM · ἐπίλεκτοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἐπίλεκτος: meaning 'ἐπίλεκτος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
7
καὶ ἐδέξαντο αὐτὸν αὐτοὶ καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος αὐτῶν μετὰ στεφάνων καὶ χορῶν καὶ τυμπάνων
And they and all their surrounding district received him with wreaths and dances and tambourines.
The chapter underscores how total fear can make invasion look like triumphal welcome.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδέξαντοyou take to heartVAI AMI3P · δέχομαιverb continuing the temporal-conditional frame→ predictive future (Israel's inward reception in exile)δέχομαι: meaning 'you take to heart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb continuing the temporal-conditional frame.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαall / everyA1S NSF · πᾶςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Subject / head term.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
περίχωροςπερίχωροςA1B NSF · περίχωροςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierπερίχωρος: meaning 'περίχωρος'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
στεφάνωνcrownN2 GPM · στέφανοςcommon noun within the clauseστέφανος: meaning 'crown'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χορῶνdanceN2 GPM · χορόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termχορός: meaning 'dance'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τυμπάνωνdrumsN2N GPN · τύμπανονgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationτύμπανον: meaning 'drums'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
8
καὶ κατέσκαψεν πάντα τὰ ὅρια αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἄλση αὐτῶν ἐξέκοψεν καὶ ἦν δεδομένον αὐτῷ ἐξολεθρεῦσαι πάντας τοὺς θεοὺς τῆς γῆς ὅπως αὐτῷ μόνῳ τῷ Ναβουχοδονοσορ λατρεύσωσι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ γλῶσσαι καὶ αἱ φυλαὶ αὐτῶν ἐπικαλέσωνται αὐτὸν εἰς θεόν
Yet he tore down all their borders and cut down their sacred groves; for it had been granted to him to destroy all the gods of the land, so that all the nations might worship Nebuchadnezzar alone, and that all their tongues and tribes might call upon him as god.
Willing submission does not spare local cultic life; conquest aims at the erasure of rival worship and the divinization of Nebuchadnezzar.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέσκαψενtore downVAI AAI3S · σκάπτω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ household prudence and fear of the Lordσκάπτω + κατα: meaning 'tore down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
πάνταall / everyA3 APN · πᾶςObject / complement→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Object / complement.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄλσηsacred groves / AsherimN3E APN · ἄλσοςdirect object of ἐκκόψετε (fronted)→ content focusἄλσος: meaning 'sacred groves'; it serves as direct object of ἐκκόψετε (fronted).
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐξέκοψενhe cut downVAI AAI3S · κόπτω + ἐκmain verb (destruction of the cult-objects)→ constative aorist (decisive demolition)κόπτω + ἐκ: meaning 'he cut down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (destruction of the cult-objects).
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίFinite verb / predicate→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
δεδομένονgrantedVM · χμπνσν δίδωμιpredicative participle expressing settled permissionχμπνσν δίδωμι: meaning 'granted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as predicative participle expressing settled permission.
αὐτῷhim / her / themRD DSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐξολεθρεῦσαιdestroyVA AAN · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival complementὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
πάνταςall / everyA3 APM · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοὺςGodN2 APM · θεόςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ὅπωςso thatC · ὅπωςpurpose marker→ discourse linkage or contrastὅπως: meaning 'so that'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
αὐτῷhim / her / themRD DSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
μόνῳaloneA1 DSM · μόνοςdative substantive marking reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as dative substantive marking reference, means, or location.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN DSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
λατρεύσωσιλατρεύωVA AAS3P · λατρεύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionλατρεύω: meaning 'λατρεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
πάνταall / everyA3 NPN · πᾶςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Subject / head term.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationN3E NPN · ἔθνοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσαιall / everyA1S NPF · πᾶςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as Subject / head term.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσαιtongueN1S NPF · γλῶσσαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλαὶtribeN1 NPF · φυλήnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceφυλή: meaning 'tribe'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
αὐτῶνhis / her / theirRD GPM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.
ἐπικαλέσωνταιἐπιVA AMS3P · καλέω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςObject / complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as Object / complement.
9
καὶ ἦλθεν κατὰ πρόσωπον Εσδρηλων πλησίον τῆς Δωταιας ἥ ἐστιν ἀπέναντι τοῦ πρίονος τοῦ μεγάλου τῆς Ιουδαίας
And he came opposite Esdraelon near Dothaia, which is over against the great ridge of Judea.
The campaign now stands at the corridor facing the Judean highlands.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιFinite verb / predicate→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
κατὰagainst / according toP · κατάPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονObject / complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as Object / complement.
ΕσδρηλωνEsdraelonN GS · Εσδρηλωνplace name within the narrative geographyΕσδρηλων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place name within the narrative geography.
πλησίονneighborP · πλησίονindeclinable element shaping the clauseπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; it shapes the relation of its complement within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔωταιαςDothaiaN GSF · Δωταιαproper name within the campaign geographyΔωταιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
ἥwho / whichRR NSF · ὅςpronoun referring within the clause→ participant referenceἥ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeP · ἀπέναντιpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρίονοςπρίωνN3N GSM · πρίωνgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπρίων: meaning 'πρίων'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
10
καὶ κατεστρατοπέδευσαν ἀνὰ μέσον Γαιβαι καὶ Σκυθῶν πόλεως καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ μῆνα ἡμερῶν εἰς τὸ συλλέξαι πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ
And they encamped between Geba and the city of the Scythians, and he remained there for a full month in order to gather all the baggage train of his force.
The month-long encampment turns the advance into a carefully supplied approach to Judea.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεστρατοπέδευσανcamp downVAI AAI3P · στρατοπεδεύω + καταFinite verb / predicateστρατοπεδεύω + κατα: meaning 'camp down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἀνὰup / amongP · ἀνάPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingἀνὰ: meaning 'up'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
μέσονμέσοςA1 ASN · μέσοςObject / complement→ object specificationμέσος: meaning 'μέσος'; it serves as Object / complement.
ΓαιβαιGebaN G · Γαιβαιproper name within the campaign geographyΓαιβαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the campaign geography.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
Σκυθῶνof the ScythiansN1M GPM · Σκύθηςethnic genitive within a place-name expressionΣκυθῶν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as ethnic genitive within a place-name expression.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
καὶandC · καίCoordinator→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνbeV9 IAI3S · εἰμίFinite verb / predicate→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'be'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
μῆναmonthN3 ASM · μήνhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ remembered honor and former blessingμήν: meaning 'month'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ἡμερῶνdayN1A GPF · ἡμέραGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
εἰςintoP · εἰςPrepositional link→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by Prepositional link.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συλλέξαισυνVA AAN · λέγω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or assertionλέγω + συν: meaning 'συν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or assertion.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρτίανbaggage trainN1A ASF · ἀπαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object or goalἀπαρτία: meaning 'baggage train'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁArticle / determiner→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
αὐτοῦhis / her / theirRD GSM · αὐτόςPronominal reference→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Pronominal reference.