1
καὶ εἶπεν Ιουδιθ ἐξάρχετε τῷ θεῷ μου ἐν τυμπάνοις ᾄσατε τῷ κυρίῳ ἐν κυμβάλοις ἐναρμόσασθε αὐτῷ ψαλμὸν καὶ αἶνον ὑψοῦτε καὶ ἐπικαλεῖσθε τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ
Judith said, "Begin a song to my God with tambourines; sing to the Lord with cymbals. Fit out for him a psalm and praise; exalt and call upon his name."
The hymn opens with liturgical imperatives that gather the people into musical praise.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἐξάρχετεlead off the singing / strike upV1 PAD2P · ἄρχω + ἐκmain verb (antiphonal summons, the song's opening line)ἄρχω + ἐκ: meaning 'lead off the singing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (antiphonal summons, the song's opening line).
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τυμπάνοιςtambourinesN2N DPN · τύμπανονdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrumentτύμπανον: meaning 'tambourines'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ᾄσατεsingVA AAD2P · ᾄδωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ verbal action or stateᾄδω: meaning 'sing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κυμβάλοιςcymbalsN2N DPN · κύμβαλονdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceκύμβαλον: meaning 'cymbals'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἐναρμόσασθεset in harmonyVA AMD2P · ἁρμόζω + ἐνparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveἁρμόζω + ἐν: meaning 'set in harmony'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause or a nearby substantive.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ψαλμὸνpsalmN2 ASM · ψαλμόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἶνοναἶνοςN2 ASM · αἶνοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationαἶνος: meaning 'αἶνος'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑψοῦτεexaltV4 PAD2P · ὑψόωinfinitive→ verbal action or stateὑψόω: meaning 'exalt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπικαλεῖσθεcall uponV2 PMD2P · καλέω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'call upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
2
ὅτι θεὸς συντρίβων πολέμους κύριος ὅτι εἰς παρεμβολὰς αὐτοῦ ἐν μέσῳ λαοῦ ἐξείλατό με ἐκ χειρὸς καταδιωκόντων με
"For the Lord is a God who crushes wars; in the midst of his encampments, among the people, he rescued me from the hand of those pursuing me."
The song immediately supplies the reason for praise in God's rescuing power.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
συντρίβωνpapnsm tribo + synV1 · παπνσμ τρίβω + συνparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ deliverance, judgment, and redeemed praiseπαπνσμ τρίβω + συν: meaning 'papnsm tribo + syn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
πολέμουςwarN2 APM · πόλεμοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παρεμβολὰςNominal or adjectival form from παρεμβολή with the sense “camp” here.N1 APF · παρεμβολήObject / complement→ object specificationπαρεμβολή: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from παρεμβολή with the sense “camp” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μέσῳμέσος: 'midst'A1 DSN · μέσοςDative complement→ dative element marking sphere, relation, or instrumentμέσος: meaning 'μέσος: 'midst'; it serves as Dative complement.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐξείλατόrescuedVAI AMI3S · αἱρέω + ἐκverb of relative clause (past deliverance)αἱρέω + ἐκ: meaning 'rescued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause (past deliverance).
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καταδιωκόντωνpursuingV1 · παπγπμ διώκω + καταgenitive absolute participle ('as they pursued')→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ διώκω + κατα: meaning 'pursuing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as genitive absolute participle ('as they pursued').
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
3
ἦλθεν Ασσουρ ἐξ ὀρέων ἀπὸ βορρᾶ ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ ὧν τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν ἐνέφραξεν χειμάρρους καὶ ἡ ἵππος αὐτῶν ἐκάλυψεν βουνούς
"Assyria came from the mountains of the north; he came with myriads of his forces. Their multitude choked the torrents, and their cavalry covered the hills."
Judith recalls the overwhelming scale of the invading power.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN NSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ discourse linkage or contrastΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὀρέωνὄρος: 'mountain'N3E GPN · ὄροςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'ὄρος: 'mountain'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
βορρᾶnorthN1T GSM · βορέαςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationβορέας: meaning 'north'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μυριάσιmyriadasN3D DPF · μυριάςnominal term functioning in a acc relationμυριάς: meaning 'myriadas'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPF · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνέφραξενhe blockedVAI AAI3S · φράσσω + ἐνfinite verb advancing the clause→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeφράσσω + ἐν: meaning 'he blocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
χειμάρρουςwadiN2 APM · χειμάρρουςsubject of ἐξηράνθη→ object specificationχειμάρρους: meaning 'wadi'; it serves as subject of ἐξηράνθη.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἵπποςhorseN2 NSM · ἵπποςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἵππος: meaning 'horse'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐκάλυψενcoveredVAI AAI3S · καλύπτωmain verb→ constative aoristκαλύπτω: meaning 'covered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
βουνούςhillN2 APM · βουνόςcommon noun within the clause→ The chapter interweaves self-description, mutual comparison, summons to delight, adjurations, and the springtime invitation of the beloved.βουνός: meaning 'hill'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
4
εἶπεν ἐμπρήσειν τὰ ὅριά μου καὶ τοὺς νεανίσκους μου ἀνελεῖν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ καὶ τὰ θηλάζοντά μου θήσειν εἰς ἔδαφος καὶ τὰ νήπιά μου δώσειν εἰς προνομὴν καὶ τὰς παρθένους μου σκυλεῦσαι
"He said he would burn my borders, kill my young men with the sword, dash my nursing children to the ground, give my infants over as prey, and plunder my virgins."
The enemy's boast is narrated as total violence against the people's future.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐμπρήσεινpipremi + enVF FAN · πίπρημι + ἐνverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or stateπίπρημι + ἐν: meaning 'pipremi + en'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅριάborderN2N APN · ὅριονaccusative object or complement→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεανίσκουςyoung menN2 APM · νεανίσκοςdirect object of ἀπέστειλεν→ object specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young men'; it serves as direct object of ἀπέστειλεν.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀνελεῖνto killVB AAN · αἱρέω + ἀναcomplementary infinitive (object of θέλεις: 'do you want to kill me?')→ infinitival complementαἱρέω + ἀνα: meaning 'to kill'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (object of θέλεις: 'do you want to kill me?').
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ῥομφαίᾳswordN1A DSF · ῥομφαίαcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
θηλάζοντάnursedV1 · παπαπν θηλάζωmain verb (nursing the child)παπαπν θηλάζω: meaning 'nursed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (nursing the child).
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
θήσεινtithemiVF FAN · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτίθημι: meaning 'tithemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἔδαφοςfloorN3E ASN · ἔδαφοςdirect object of περιέσχεν→ object specificationἔδαφος: meaning 'floor'; it serves as direct object of περιέσχεν.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
νήπιάNominal or adjectival form from νήπιος with the sense “νήπιος” here.A1A APN · νήπιοςSubject / head term→ object specificationνήπιος: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from νήπιος with the sense “νήπιος” here.'; it serves as Subject / head term.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δώσεινgiveVF FAN · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
προνομὴνπρονομή: rendered here as 'plundering' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.N1 ASF · προνομήObject / complement→ object specificationπρονομή: meaning 'προνομή: rendered here as 'plundering' in the immediate context of Ezra's commission, journey, inventory, prayer, or reform response.'; it serves as Object / complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρθένουςvirginsN2 APF · παρθένοςdirect object of περιποιήσεσθεπαρθένος: meaning 'virgins'; it serves as direct object of περιποιήσεσθε.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σκυλεῦσαιplunderVA AAN · σκυλεύωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or state within the oracleσκυλεύω: meaning 'plunder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
5
κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἠθέτησεν αὐτοὺς ἐν χειρὶ θηλείας
"But the Lord Almighty thwarted them by the hand of a woman."
The entire military threat is answered with the book's central reversal formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἠθέτησενtransgressedVAI AAI3S · ἀθετέωmain verb of covenant-violation aside→ constative aorist (violation notice)ἀθετέω: meaning 'transgressed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of covenant-violation aside.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
θηλείαςNominal or adjectival form from θῆλυς with the sense “female” here.A3U GSF · θῆλυςGenitive modifierθῆλυς: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from θῆλυς with the sense “female” here.'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
6
οὐ γὰρ ὑπέπεσεν ὁ δυνατὸς αὐτῶν ὑπὸ νεανίσκων οὐδὲ υἱοὶ τιτάνων ἐπάταξαν αὐτόν οὐδὲ ὑψηλοὶ γίγαντες ἐπέθεντο αὐτῷ ἀλλὰ Ιουδιθ θυγάτηρ Μεραρι ἐν κάλλει προσώπου αὐτῆς παρέλυσεν αὐτόν
"For their mighty one did not fall by young men, nor did sons of titans strike him, nor did tall giants attack him; but Judith daughter of Merari paralyzed him with the beauty of her face."
Judith contrasts expected martial heroes with the unexpected means God chose.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπέπεσενfall to / occurVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + ὑποfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause actionπίπτω + ὑπο: meaning 'fall to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνατὸςmighty / strongA1 NSM · δυνατόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὑπὸbyP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement→ spatial or relational framingὑπὸ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement.
νεανίσκωνyoung menN2 GPM · νεανίσκοςobject of ὀπίσω→ relational specificationνεανίσκος: meaning 'young men'; it serves as object of ὀπίσω.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τιτάνωνTitans (Rephaim)N3N GPM · τιτάνgenitive of identification (naming the valley)τιτάν: meaning 'Titans (Rephaim)'; it serves as genitive of identification (naming the valley).
ἐπάταξανstrike downVAI AAI3P · πατάσσωmain conquest predicate→ aorist indicative summaryπατάσσω: meaning 'strike down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main conquest predicate.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑψηλοὶhigh placesA1 NPM · ὑψηλόςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceὑψηλός: meaning 'high places'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
γίγαντεςgiantN3 NPM · γίγαςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceγίγας: meaning 'giant'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐπέθεντοthey placedVEI AMI3P · τίθημι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aorist middleτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'they placed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3R NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
Μεραριof MerariN GSM · Μεραριproper name within the list or clause→ participant identificationΜεραρι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κάλλειbeautyN3E DSN · κάλλοςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ sphere or referenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
παρέλυσενdisableVAI AAI3S · λύω + παραfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλύω + παρα: meaning 'disable'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
7
ἐξεδύσατο γὰρ στολὴν χηρεύσεως αὐτῆς εἰς ὕψος τῶν πονούντων ἐν Ισραηλ ἠλείψατο τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς ἐν μυρισμῷ
"For she took off the garment of her widowhood for the raising up of those who were oppressed in Israel; she anointed her face with perfume."
The song dwells on the deliberate preparation by which Judith entered the enemy's gaze.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐξεδύσατοtake offVAI AMI3S · δύω + ἐκcircumstantial participleδύω + ἐκ: meaning 'take off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στολὴνrobeN1 ASF · στολήdirect object / accusative complement→ object specificationστολή: meaning 'robe'; it serves as direct object / accusative complement.
χηρεύσεωςwidowhoodN3I GSF · χήρευσιςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseχήρευσις: meaning 'widowhood'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὕψοςheightN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'height'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πονούντωνπονεωV2 · παπγπμ πονέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπαπγπμ πονέω: meaning 'πονεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ἠλείψατοanointed himselfVAI AMI3S · ἀλείφωmain verb (anointing with oil)ἀλείφω: meaning 'anointed himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (anointing with oil).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μυρισμῷperfumeN2 DSM · μυρισμόςdative term functioning as complement, recipient, or referenceμυρισμός: meaning 'perfume'; it serves as dative term functioning as complement, recipient, or reference.
8
καὶ ἐδήσατο τὰς τρίχας αὐτῆς ἐν μίτρᾳ καὶ ἔλαβεν στολὴν λινῆν εἰς ἀπάτην αὐτοῦ
"She bound up her hair with a turban and took a linen garment to deceive him."
Adornment is recounted as strategic instrument rather than vanity.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδήσατοboundVAI AMI3S · δέωmain narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon)δέω: meaning 'bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon).
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίχαςhairN3 APF · θρίξaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationθρίξ: meaning 'hair'; it serves as accusative of specification (material).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μίτρᾳturban / mitreN1A DSF · μίτραdirect object of ἐπιθήσειςμίτρα: meaning 'turban'; it serves as direct object of ἐπιθήσεις.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
στολὴνrobeN1 ASF · στολήdirect object / accusative complement→ object specificationστολή: meaning 'robe'; it serves as direct object / accusative complement.
λινῆνlinenA1C ASF · λινοῦςattributive adjective (modifying κίδαριν)λινοῦς: meaning 'linen'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying κίδαριν).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀπάτηνNominal or adjectival form from ἀπάτη with the sense “deceit” here.N1 ASF · ἀπάτηObject / complementἀπάτη: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from ἀπάτη with the sense “deceit” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
9
τὸ σανδάλιον αὐτῆς ἥρπασεν ὀφθαλμὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ κάλλος αὐτῆς ᾐχμαλώτισεν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ διῆλθεν ὁ ἀκινάκης τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ
"Her sandal snatched away his eye, her beauty captured his soul, and the scimitar passed through his neck."
The verse compresses seduction, capture, and execution into a single poetic reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σανδάλιονsandalsN2N NSN · σανδάλιονsubject (coordinate with κοῖλα)σανδάλιον: meaning 'sandals'; it serves as subject (coordinate with κοῖλα).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἥρπασενsnatchedVAI AAI3S · ἁρπάζωmain verb (Banaias seizes the spear)→ aoristἁρπάζω: meaning 'snatched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Banaias seizes the spear).
ὀφθαλμὸνeyeN2 ASM · ὀφθαλμόςobject of the infinitive ἐξορύξαι→ object specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as object of the infinitive ἐξορύξαι.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλλοςbeauty / gloryN3E NSN · κάλλοςsubject ('his beauty is [as] the firstborn of a bull')→ participant prominenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as subject ('his beauty is [as] the firstborn of a bull').
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ᾐχμαλώτισενthey carry captiveVAI AAI3S · αἰχμαλωτίζωmain verb (deportation)αἰχμαλωτίζω: meaning 'they carry captive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (deportation).
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διῆλθενpass throughVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκινάκηςscimitarN1M NSM · ἀκινάκηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἀκινάκης: meaning 'scimitar'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράχηλονneckN2 ASM · τράχηλοςaccusative object of ἐπί ('upon their neck')→ object specificationτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as accusative object of ἐπί ('upon their neck').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
10
ἔφριξαν Πέρσαι τὴν τόλμαν αὐτῆς καὶ Μῆδοι τὸ θράσος αὐτῆς ἐταράχθησαν
"Persians shuddered at her daring, and Medes were alarmed at her boldness."
Foreign nations are pictured as shaken by the fame of her deed.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔφριξανshudderVAI AAI3P · φρίσσωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionφρίσσω: meaning 'shudder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ΠέρσαιPersianN1M NPM · Πέρσηςproper name within the list or clause→ named participant or place within the lamentΠέρσαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τόλμανboldnessN1S ASF · τόλμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalτόλμα: meaning 'boldness'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜῆδοιMedesN2 NPM · Μῆδοςproper name within the clause or listΜῆδοι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the clause or list.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θράσοςboldnessN3E ASN · θράσοςdative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere→ patient judgment and the character of divine ruleθράσος: meaning 'boldness'; it serves as dative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐταράχθησανVerbal form from ταράσσω meaning “trouble” in this context.VQI API3P · ταράσσωFinite verb / predicate→ constative aoristταράσσω: meaning 'Verbal form from ταράσσω meaning “trouble” in this context.'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
11
τότε ἠλάλαξαν οἱ ταπεινοί μου καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν οἱ ἀσθενοῦντές μου καὶ ἐπτοήθησαν ὕψωσαν τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν καὶ ἀνετράπησαν
"Then my lowly ones shouted, my weak ones were struck with fear, they cried out, and the enemy were thrown back."
Israel's vulnerable people become the occasion for the enemy's collapse.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
τότεthenD · τότεadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠλάλαξανraised the war-cryVAI AAI3P · ἀλαλάζωmain verbἀλαλάζω: meaning 'raised the war-cry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπεινοίlowlyA1 NPM · ταπεινόςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseταπεινός: meaning 'lowly'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφοβήθησανfearVCI API3P · φοβέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ constative aoristφοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀσθενοῦντέςI am grievously weakenedV2 · παπνπμ ἀσθενέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπαπνπμ ἀσθενέω: meaning 'I am grievously weakened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπτοήθησανπτοεωVCI API3P · πτοέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ assertive predication within the oracleπτοέω: meaning 'πτοεω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὕψωσανypsooVA AAI3P · ὑψόωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ trust, discipline, and ordered flourishingὑψόω: meaning 'ypsoo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνὴνphoneN1 ASF · φωνήhead noun within the clause→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'phone'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνετράπησανthrow backVDI API3P · τρέπω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτρέπω + ἀνα: meaning 'throw back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
12
υἱοὶ κορασίων κατεκέντησαν αὐτοὺς καὶ ὡς παῖδας αὐτομολούντων ἐτίτρωσκον αὐτούς ἀπώλοντο ἐκ παρατάξεως κυρίου μου
"Sons of maidservants pierced them and wounded them like deserters' children; they perished before the battle line of my Lord."
The poem underlines how humiliating the enemy's defeat became.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
κορασίωνof girlsN2N GPN · κοράσιονgenitive of relationship (in insult)→ relational specificationκοράσιον: meaning 'of girls'; it serves as genitive of relationship (in insult).
κατεκέντησανpierceVAI AAI3P · κεντέω + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκεντέω + κατα: meaning 'pierce'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παῖδαςservantN3D APM · παῖςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτομολούντωνdeserting / waywardV2 · παπγπμ αὐτομολέωattributive participle (with κορασίων)παπγπμ αὐτομολέω: meaning 'deserting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (with κορασίων).
ἐτίτρωσκονthey were woundingV1I IAI3P · τιτρώσκωmain verb (the wounding during the pursuit)τιτρώσκω: meaning 'they were wounding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the wounding during the pursuit).
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἀπώλοντοperishVBI AMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ constative aoristὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παρατάξεωςbattle-lineN3I GSF · παράταξιςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationπαράταξις: meaning 'battle-line'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
13
ὑμνήσω τῷ θεῷ μου ὕμνον καινόν κύριε μέγας εἶ καὶ ἔνδοξος θαυμαστὸς ἐν ἰσχύι ἀνυπέρβλητος
"I will sing to my God a new song. Lord, great are you and glorious, wonderful in strength, unsurpassable."
The song shifts from narration to direct doxology.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὑμνήσωhymnVF FAI1S · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ futureὑμνέω: meaning 'hymn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὕμνονhymnN2 ASM · ὕμνοςnominal term functioning as an accusative complement→ object specificationὕμνος: meaning 'hymn'; it serves as nominal term functioning as an accusative complement.
καινόνnewA1 ASM · καινόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationκαινός: meaning 'new'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔνδοξοςhonored / held in honorA1B NSM · ἔνδοξοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceἔνδοξος: meaning 'honored'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
θαυμαστὸςmarvelousA1 NSM · θαυμαστόςsubject / nominative complement→ participant prominenceθαυμαστός: meaning 'marvelous'; it serves as subject / nominative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἀνυπέρβλητοςunsurpassableA1B NSM · ἀνυπέρβλητοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἀνυπέρβλητος: meaning 'unsurpassable'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
14
σοὶ δουλευσάτω πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις σου ὅτι εἶπας καὶ ἐγενήθησαν ἀπέστειλας τὸ πνεῦμά σου καὶ ᾠκοδόμησεν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὃς ἀντιστήσεται τῇ φωνῇ σου
"Let all your creation serve you, for you spoke and they came to be; you sent out your spirit and it built them, and there is none that can resist your voice."
Judith grounds Israel's deliverance in the Lord's universal creative sovereignty.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
σοὶyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ participant reference or interestσοὶ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
δουλευσάτωto serveVA AAD3S · δουλεύωarticular infinitive (result: 'so that they do not serve')δουλεύω: meaning 'to serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (result: 'so that they do not serve').
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κτίσιςNominal or adjectival form from κτίσις with the sense “creation” here.N3I NSF · κτίσιςGenitive modifier→ participant prominenceκτίσις: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from κτίσις with the sense “creation” here.'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπαςeiponVAI AAI2S · εἶπονfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'eipon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθησανVerbal form from γίγνομαι meaning “γίγνομαι” in this context.VCI API3P · γίγνομαιFinite verb / predicate→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'Verbal form from γίγνομαι meaning “γίγνομαι” in this context.'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἀπέστειλαςsendVAI AAI2S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ aorist indicativeστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'send'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμάspiritN3M ASN · πνεῦμαnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾠκοδόμησενbuiltVAI AAI3S · οἰκοδομέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist summary statementοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'built'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀντιστήσεταιVerbal form from ἵστημι + ἀντι meaning “ἵστημι” in this context.VF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀντιFinite verb / predicate→ divine greatness and inaccessible justiceἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'Verbal form from ἵστημι + ἀντι meaning “ἵστημι” in this context.'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
15
ὄρη γὰρ ἐκ θεμελίων σὺν ὕδασιν σαλευθήσεται πέτραι δ' ἀπὸ προσώπου σου ὡς κηρὸς τακήσονται ἔτι δὲ τοῖς φοβουμένοις σε σὺ εὐιλατεύσεις αὐτοῖς
"For mountains from their foundations shall be shaken with the waters; rocks shall melt like wax before your face; but to those who fear you, you will continue to show favor."
Cosmic instability only sharpens the security of those who fear the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
ὄρηNominal or adjectival form from ὄρος with the sense “ὄρος” here.N3E NPN · ὄροςSubject / head term→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from ὄρος with the sense “ὄρος” here.'; it serves as Subject / head term.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θεμελίωνfoundationN2N GPN · θεμελίονgenitive term expressing possession, source, relation, or descriptionθεμελίον: meaning 'foundation'; it serves as genitive term expressing possession, source, relation, or description.
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ὕδασινwatersN3T DPN · ὕδωρdative governed by ἐν (locative)→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as dative governed by ἐν (locative).
σαλευθήσεταιto move / shakeVC FPI3S · σαλεύωcomplementary articular infinitive (with προσθήσω)→ futureσαλεύω: meaning 'to move'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary articular infinitive (with προσθήσω).
πέτραιrock / cragN1A NPF · πέτραcommon noun within the clause→ theophanic vengeance and announced downfallπέτρα: meaning 'rock'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
δ'butX · δέadversative conjunction (contrasting with v.41: 'but whenever')→ deliverance, death, and covenant remembranceδ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
κηρὸςwaxN2 NSM · κηρόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item→ participant prominenceκηρός: meaning 'wax'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
τακήσονταιVerbal form from τήκω meaning “melt away” in this context.VF FMI3P · τήκωFinite verb / predicate→ futureτήκω: meaning 'Verbal form from τήκω meaning “melt away” in this context.'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβουμένοιςfearV2 · πμπδπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ verbal action or stateπμπδπμ φοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εὐιλατεύσειςto be merciful / forgiveVF FAI2S · εὐιλατεύωcomplementary infinitive (with θελήσῃ: 'be willing to forgive')εὐιλατεύω: meaning 'to be merciful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (with θελήσῃ: 'be willing to forgive').
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
16
ὅτι μικρὸν πᾶσα θυσία εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας καὶ ἐλάχιστον πᾶν στέαρ εἰς ὁλοκαύτωμά σοι ὁ δὲ φοβούμενος τὸν κύριον μέγας διὰ παντός
"For every sacrifice is too small for a sweet-smelling odor, and all fat is too little for a whole burnt offering to you; but the one who fears the Lord is great forever."
The hymn relativizes ritual quantity before the abiding weight of reverent fear.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μικρὸνsmall / insignificantA1A NSN · μικρόςadjectival modifier→ participant prominenceμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
θυσίαsacrificeN1A NSF · θυσίαsubject (verbless clause)→ participant prominenceθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as subject (verbless clause).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὀσμὴνaromaN1 ASF · ὀσμήaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: meaning 'aroma'; it serves as accusative object of εἰς (purpose).
εὐωδίαςwith fragranceN1A GSF · εὐωδίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationεὐωδία: meaning 'with fragrance'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάχιστονvery smallA1 NSNS · ἐλαχύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἐλαχύς: meaning 'very small'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
πᾶνallA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
στέαρfatN3T NSN · στέαρobject of ὑπέρ (the thing surpassed)→ participant prominenceστέαρ: meaning 'fat'; it serves as object of ὑπέρ (the thing surpassed).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὁλοκαύτωμάwhole burnt offeringN3M ASN · ὁλοκαύτωμαdirect object of ποιήσω→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: meaning 'whole burnt offering'; it serves as direct object of ποιήσω.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φοβούμενοςfearV2 · πμπνσμ φοβέωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ φοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
παντόςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
17
οὐαὶ ἔθνεσιν ἐπανιστανομένοις τῷ γένει μου κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἐκδικήσει αὐτοὺς ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως δοῦναι πῦρ καὶ σκώληκας εἰς σάρκας αὐτῶν καὶ κλαύσονται ἐν αἰσθήσει ἕως αἰῶνος
"Woe to the nations that rise up against my people; the Lord Almighty will take vengeance on them in the day of judgment, putting fire and worms into their flesh, and they will weep in pain forever."
The hymn ends its poetic core with eschatological judgment on Israel's attackers.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
οὐαὶwoeI · οὐαίinterjection (lament)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐαί: meaning 'woe'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἔθνεσινnationN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἐπανιστανομένοιςrise up againstVM · χμπδπν ἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀναparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveχμπδπν ἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'rise up against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause or a nearby substantive.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένειγένος: 'race'N3E DSN · γένοςGenitive modifier→ sphere or referenceγένος: meaning 'γένος: 'race'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐκδικήσειhe will take vengeanceVF FAI3S · δικέω + ἐκmain verb (God's act of vengeance)→ theophanic vengeance and announced downfallδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'he will take vengeance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (God's act of vengeance).
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κρίσεωςjudgmentN3I GSF · κρίσιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκώληκαςwormsN3K APM · σκώληξaccusative of content/result (with ἐξέζεσεν: 'bred worms')→ object focus or directional goalσκώληξ: meaning 'worms'; it serves as accusative of content/result (with ἐξέζεσεν: 'bred worms').
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
σάρκαςfleshN3K APF · σάρξdirect object of δώσω→ object specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as direct object of δώσω.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλαύσονταιshall weep / mournVF FMI3P · κλαίωmain verb (the people's permitted mourning)→ futureκλαίω: meaning 'shall weep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the people's permitted mourning).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αἰσθήσειunderstanding / perceptionN3I DSF · αἴσθησιςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ speech, worship, and inward dispositionαἴσθησις: meaning 'understanding'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
18
ὡς δὲ ἤλθοσαν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ προσεκύνησαν τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἡνίκα ἐκαθαρίσθη ὁ λαός ἀνήνεγκαν τὰ ὁλοκαυτώματα αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ ἑκούσια αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ δόματα
When they came to Jerusalem, they worshiped God, and when the people had been purified, they offered their burnt offerings and their freewill gifts and their donations.
The victory properly issues in temple worship and consecrated gifts.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤλθοσανcome / goVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
προσεκύνησανworshipVAI AAI3P · κυνέω + προςfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡνίκαηνικαD · ἡνίκαparticle or adverb qualifying the clause or verbal action→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'ηνικα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκαθαρίσθηhe was made cleanVSI API3S · καθαρίζωmain verb (climactic statement of the cure)καθαρίζω: meaning 'he was made clean'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (climactic statement of the cure).
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀνήνεγκανbring up / offerVAI AAI3P · φέρω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristφέρω + ἀνα: meaning 'bring up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁλοκαυτώματαburnt offeringN3M APN · ὁλοκαύτωμαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: meaning 'burnt offering'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἑκούσιαfreewill offeringsA1A APN · ἑκούσιοςdirect object of οἴσετε (fifth item)→ object specificationἑκούσιος: meaning 'freewill offerings'; it serves as direct object of οἴσετε (fifth item).
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δόματαdomaN3M APN · δόμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationδόμα: meaning 'doma'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
19
καὶ ἀνέθηκεν Ιουδιθ πάντα τὰ σκεύη Ολοφέρνου ὅσα ἔδωκεν ὁ λαὸς αὐτῇ καὶ τὸ κωνώπιον ὃ ἔλαβεν ἑαυτῇ ἐκ τοῦ κοιτῶνος αὐτοῦ εἰς ἀνάθημα τῷ θεῷ ἔδωκεν
Judith dedicated to God all the equipment of Holofernes that the people had given her, and she also gave to God as an offering the canopy she had taken for herself from his bedchamber.
Spoil is converted into offering, so the enemy's wealth is surrendered to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέθηκενdedicateVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτίθημι + ἀνα: meaning 'dedicate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σκεύηimplementsN1 APN · σκευήcommon noun within the clauseσκευή: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
αὐτῇthisRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κωνώπιονcanopyN2N ASN · κωνώπιονhead noun or nominal element within the clauseκωνώπιον: meaning 'canopy'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ὃwhichRR ASN · ὅςrelative pronoun→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἑαυτῇεαυτουRD DSF · ἑαυτοῦdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'εαυτου'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιτῶνοςbedchamberN3W GSM · κοιτώνgenitive of description (the bedchamber)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκοιτών: meaning 'bedchamber'; it serves as genitive of description (the bedchamber).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀνάθημαdevoted thing / accursed thingN3M ASN · ἀνάθεμαpredicate nominative (with ἔσῃ: 'you will be ḥērem')ἀνάθεμα: meaning 'devoted thing'; it serves as predicate nominative (with ἔσῃ: 'you will be ḥērem').
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
20
καὶ ἦν ὁ λαὸς εὐφραινόμενος ἐν Ιερουσαλημ κατὰ πρόσωπον τῶν ἁγίων ἐπὶ μῆνας τρεῖς καὶ Ιουδιθ μετ' αὐτῶν κατέμεινεν
The people kept rejoicing in Jerusalem before the sanctuary for three months, and Judith remained with them.
The joy of deliverance is prolonged as a liturgical season in Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εὐφραινόμενοςrejoicingV1 · πμπνσμ εὐφραίνωcircumstantial participle→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ εὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoicing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίωνholyA1A GPN · ἅγιοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἅγιος: meaning 'holy'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μῆναςmonthsN3 APM · μήνaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ wild creatures and limits of masteryμήν: meaning 'months'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τρεῖςthreeM APM · τρεῖςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequenceτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατέμεινενstayed / remainedVAI AAI3S · μένω + καταmain verb (settling at Kadesh)μένω + κατα: meaning 'stayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (settling at Kadesh).
21
μετὰ δὲ τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας ἀνέζευξεν ἕκαστος εἰς τὴν κληρονομίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ Ιουδιθ ἀπῆλθεν εἰς Βαιτυλουα καὶ κατέμεινεν ἐπὶ τῆς ὑπάρξεως αὐτῆς καὶ ἐγένετο κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν αὐτῆς ἔνδοξος ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ
After those days each returned to his inheritance, and Judith went away to Bethulia and remained on her estate; in her time she became renowned in all the land.
The narrative returns the people home while preserving Judith's enduring honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ταύταςtheseRD APF · οὗτοςdemonstrative or relative element tying the register together→ mortality, patience, and limited wisdomοὗτος: meaning 'these'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀνέζευξενVerbal form from ζευγνύω + ἀνα meaning “march out” in this context.VAI AAI3S · ζευγνύω + ἀναFinite verb / predicateζευγνύω + ἀνα: meaning 'Verbal form from ζευγνύω + ἀνα meaning “march out” in this context.'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίανinheritanceN1A ASF · κληρονομίαaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἀπῆλθενἔρχομαιVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἀποinfinitive complement within the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαιτυλουαBethuliaN ASF · ΒαιτυλουαProper name within the clauseΒαιτυλουα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as Proper name within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέμεινενstayed / remainedVAI AAI3S · μένω + καταmain verb (settling at Kadesh)μένω + κατα: meaning 'stayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (settling at Kadesh).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπάρξεωςpropertyN3I GSF · ὕπαρξιςnominal element carrying the clause or phrase→ relational specificationὕπαρξις: meaning 'property'; it serves as nominal element carrying the clause or phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καιρὸνappointed time / seasonN2 ASM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἔνδοξοςhonored / held in honorA1B NSM · ἔνδοξοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceἔνδοξος: meaning 'honored'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇland / earthN1 DSF · γῆdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
22
καὶ πολλοὶ ἐπεθύμησαν αὐτήν καὶ οὐκ ἔγνω ἀνὴρ αὐτὴν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς αὐτῆς ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας ἀπέθανεν Μανασσης ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς καὶ προσετέθη πρὸς τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ
Many desired her, but no man knew her all the days of her life from the day her husband Manasseh died and was added to his people.
The prose closes the question of Judith's sexuality by stressing her lifelong chastity after widowhood.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative head term or subject complement→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative head term or subject complement.
ἐπεθύμησανdesireVAI AAI3P · θυμέω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeθυμέω + ἐπι: meaning 'desire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔγνωknewVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive of description→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive of description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἀφ'aphP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'aph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἀπέθανενhe diedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΜανασσηςManassehN1M NSM · Μανασσήςsubject of ἐποίησενΜανασσης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject of ἐποίησεν.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσετέθηwas gatheredVCI API3S · τίθημι + προςmain verb (Aaron's gathering to his people)→ constative aoristτίθημι + προς: meaning 'was gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Aaron's gathering to his people).
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
23
καὶ ἦν προβαίνουσα μεγάλη σφόδρα καὶ ἐγήρασεν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς ἔτη ἑκατὸν πέντε καὶ ἀφῆκεν τὴν ἅβραν αὐτῆς ἐλευθέραν καὶ ἀπέθανεν εἰς Βαιτυλουα καὶ ἔθαψαν αὐτὴν ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς Μανασση
She advanced greatly in honor and grew old in her husband's house for one hundred five years; she set her maid free and died in Bethulia, and they buried her in the cave of her husband Manasseh.
Judith's long life, generosity, death, and burial are narrated with dignity and closure.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
προβαίνουσαprobeV1 · παπνσφ βαίνω + προmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπαπνσφ βαίνω + προ: meaning 'probe'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγήρασενγηράωVAI AAI3S · γηράωfinite verb advancing the clauseγηράω: meaning 'γηράω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ object specificationἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
πέντεfiveM · πέντεnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastπέντε: meaning 'five'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφῆκενallow / send awayVAI AAI3S · ἵημι + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'allow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅβρανmaidservantN1A ASF · ἅβραdirect object (whom she sent)ἅβρα: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as direct object (whom she sent).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐλευθέρανfreeA1A ASF · ἐλεύθεροςpredicate adjective (the condition in which she is sent away: 'free')ἐλεύθερος: meaning 'free'; it serves as predicate adjective (the condition in which she is sent away: 'free').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέθανενhe diedVBI AAI3S · θνήσκω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'he died'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαιτυλουαBethuliaN ASF · ΒαιτυλουαProper name within the clauseΒαιτυλουα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as Proper name within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθαψανthey buriedVAI AAI3P · θάπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristθάπτω: meaning 'they buried'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπηλαίῳcaveN2N DSN · σπήλαιονdative of place (locative: 'in the cave')→ sphere or referenceσπήλαιον: meaning 'cave'; it serves as dative of place (locative: 'in the cave').
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
Μανασσηof ManassehN1M GSM · Μανασσήςproper name within the list or clauseΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
24
καὶ ἐπένθησεν αὐτὴν οἶκος Ισραηλ ἡμέρας ἑπτά καὶ διεῖλεν τὰ ὑπάρχοντα αὐτῆς πρὸ τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν αὐτὴν πᾶσι τοῖς ἔγγιστα Μανασση τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς καὶ τοῖς ἔγγιστα τοῦ γένους αὐτῆς
The house of Israel mourned for her seven days, and before she died she divided her property among those nearest to Manasseh her husband and those nearest of her own family line.
The people's lament and her ordered distribution of goods mark an honorable end.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπένθησενmournedVAI AAI3S · πενθέωmain verb of mourning→ constative aoristπενθέω: meaning 'mourned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of mourning.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
οἶκοςhouseN2 NSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἑπτάheptaM · ἑπτάindeclinable or proper-name element functioning in the clause as written→ discourse linkage or contrastἑπτά: meaning 'hepta'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διεῖλενdivideVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + διαfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aorist of partitionαἱρέω + δια: meaning 'divide'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὑπάρχονταpossessionsV1 · παπαπν ἄρχω + ὑποparticipial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively→ verbal action framed by the clause contextπαπαπν ἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'possessions'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form modifying the clause circumstantially or attributively.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποθανεῖνto dieVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal element within the genealogical notice→ infinitival complementθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'to die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element within the genealogical notice.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
πᾶσιallA3 DPM · πᾶςattributive adjective (with ὁρίοις)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as attributive adjective (with ὁρίοις).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔγγισταnearest (kin)D · ἐγγύςdirect object (substantivized superlative adverb: 'nearest one')→ discourse linkage or contrastἐγγύς: meaning 'nearest (kin)'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
Μανασσηof ManassehN1M GSM · Μανασσήςproper name within the list or clauseΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔγγισταnearest (kin)D · ἐγγύςdirect object (substantivized superlative adverb: 'nearest one')→ discourse linkage or contrastἐγγύς: meaning 'nearest (kin)'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένουςγένος: 'race'N3E GSN · γένοςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'γένος: 'race'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
25
καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἔτι ὁ ἐκφοβῶν τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ιουδιθ καὶ μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν αὐτὴν ἡμέρας πολλάς
And there was no one any longer to terrify the Israelites in the days of Judith and for many days after her death.
The last line seals her memory with the peace her deliverance secured.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκφοβῶνterrifying / frighteningV2 · παπνσμ φοβέω + ἐκsubstantival participle (subject of ἔσται)→ participial verbal force supplying description or accompanimentπαπνσμ φοβέω + ἐκ: meaning 'terrifying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival participle (subject of ἔσται).
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ΙουδιθJudithN GSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποθανεῖνto dieVB AAN · θνήσκω + ἀποverbal element within the genealogical notice→ infinitival complementθνήσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'to die'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element within the genealogical notice.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πολλάςmanyA1 APF · πολύςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.