1
καὶ ὡς ἤκουσαν οἱ ἐν τοῖς σκηνώμασιν ὄντες ἐξέστησαν ἐπὶ τὸ γεγονός
When those in the tents heard it, they were stunned at what had happened.
The chapter opens with the immediate impact of the discovery upon the wider camp.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἤκουσανhearVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώμασινtentsN3M DPN · σκήνωμαdative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκήνωμα: meaning 'tents'; it serves as dative of place (locative).
ὄντεςbeing / who wereV9 · παπνπμ εἰμίattributive participle (describing the slaves)→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (describing the slaves).
ἐξέστησανwere terrified / panickedVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἐκmain verb (the people's terror)→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'were terrified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the people's terror).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γεγονόςit came to passVX · χαπασν γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forwardχαπασν γίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
2
καὶ ἐπέπεσεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τρόμος καὶ φόβος καὶ οὐκ ἦν ἄνθρωπος μένων κατὰ πρόσωπον τοῦ πλησίον ἔτι ἀλλ' ἐκχυθέντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἔφευγον ἐπὶ πᾶσαν ὁδὸν τοῦ πεδίου καὶ τῆς ὀρεινῆς
Terror and fear fell upon them, and no one any longer remained facing his neighbor; but breaking ranks together they fled along every road of the plain and the hill country.
Fear destroys order so completely that mutual formation disappears into general flight.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέπεσενfell uponVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'fell upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τρόμοςtremblingN2 NSM · τρόμοςsubject of ἔλαβεν→ participant prominenceτρόμος: meaning 'trembling'; it serves as subject of ἔλαβεν.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μένωνVerbal form from μένω meaning “remain” in this context.V1 · παπνσμ μένωFinite verb / predicate→ participial nuance adding attendant action, state, or characterizationπαπνσμ μένω: meaning 'Verbal form from μένω meaning “remain” in this context.'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονindeclinable element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκχυθέντεςpour out / shedVC · αππνπμ χέω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseαππνπμ χέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνparticle or discourse marker shaping the flow of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφευγονfledV1I IAI3P · φεύγωmain verb (the survivors' flight)φεύγω: meaning 'fled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the survivors' flight).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίουfield / plainN2N GSN · πεδίονgenitive (with κόχλαξιν: 'flints of the field')→ relational specificationπεδίον: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive (with κόχλαξιν: 'flints of the field').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινῆςhill countryN1 GSF · ὀρεινήsubstantivized adjective (genitive object of ἐκ: 'from the hill country')→ relational specificationὀρεινή: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as substantivized adjective (genitive object of ἐκ: 'from the hill country').
3
καὶ οἱ παρεμβεβληκότες ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ κύκλῳ Βαιτυλουα καὶ ἐτράπησαν εἰς φυγήν καὶ τότε οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ πᾶς ἀνὴρ πολεμιστὴς ἐξ αὐτῶν ἐξεχύθησαν ἐπ' αὐτούς
Those encamped in the hill country around Bethulia also turned to flight, and then the Israelites, every warrior among them, poured out against them.
The local rout becomes the cue for Israel's offensive pursuit.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβεβληκότεςβάλλω + παρα + ἐν: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.VX · χαπνπμ βάλλω + παρα + ἐνFinite verb / predicateχαπνπμ βάλλω + παρα + ἐν: meaning 'βάλλω + παρα + ἐν: verbal form glossed here in its compound or contextual sense.'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινῇoreineN1 DSF · ὀρεινήdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationὀρεινή: meaning 'oreine'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
κύκλῳround aboutN2 DSM · κύκλοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'round about'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΒαιτυλουαBethuliaN GSF · Βαιτυλουαproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαιτυλουα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτράπησανrouted / put to flightVDI API3P · τρέπωmain verb (the decisive defeat of Amalek)τρέπω: meaning 'routed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the decisive defeat of Amalek).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
φυγήνflightN1 ASF · φυγήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationφυγή: meaning 'flight'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τότεthenD · τότεadverb or negative particle shaping the clause-level sense→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολεμιστὴςwarriors / fighting menN1M NSM · πολεμιστήςgenitive dependent→ participant prominenceπολεμιστής: meaning 'warriors'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐξεχύθησανpour out / shedVCI API3P · χέω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
4
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Οζιας εἰς Βαιτομασθαιμ καὶ Βηβαι καὶ Χωβαι καὶ Κωλα καὶ εἰς πᾶν ὅριον Ισραηλ τοὺς ἀπαγγέλλοντας ὑπὲρ τῶν συντετελεσμένων καὶ ἵνα πάντες ἐπεκχυθῶσιν τοῖς πολεμίοις εἰς τὴν ἀναίρεσιν αὐτῶν
Uzziah sent messengers to Bethomesthaim and Bebai and Chobai and Chola and to every territory of Israel to report what had happened and to urge all to rush upon the enemy for their destruction.
News of the victory becomes the means of mobilizing nationwide pursuit.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλεν+ apoVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ΟζιαςUzziahN1T NSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΒαιτομασθαιμBethomesthaimN AS · Βαιτομασθαιμproper name within the clause or listΒαιτομασθαιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the clause or list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒηβαιBebaiN AS · Βηβαιnominal term functioning as a nominal termΒηβαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal term functioning as a nominal term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΧωβαιChobaiN AS · Χωβαιproper name within the clause or listΧωβαι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the clause or list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΚωλαCholaN AS · Κωλαproper name within the clause or listΚωλα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the clause or list.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ὅριονborderN2N ASN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαγγέλλονταςreportV1 · παπαπμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal ideaπαπαπμ ἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ὑπὲρfor / on behalf ofP · ὑπέρpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συντετελεσμένωνcompleteVM · χμπγπν τελέω + συνfinite verb advancing the clauseχμπγπν τελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἐπεκχυθῶσινpour out againstVC APS3P · χέω + ἐπι + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionχέω + ἐπι + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμίοιςenemyA1A DPM · πολέμιοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileπολέμιος: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναίρεσινdestructionN3I ASF · ἀναίρεσιςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἀναίρεσις: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
5
ὡς δὲ ἤκουσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ πάντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἐπέπεσον ἐπ' αὐτοὺς καὶ ἔκοπτον αὐτοὺς ἕως Χωβα ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ οἱ ἐξ Ιερουσαλημ παρεγενήθησαν καὶ ἐκ πάσης τῆς ὀρεινῆς ἀνήγγειλαν γὰρ αὐτοῖς τὰ γεγονότα τῇ παρεμβολῇ τῶν ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν καὶ οἱ ἐν Γαλααδ καὶ οἱ ἐν τῇ Γαλιλαίᾳ ὑπερεκέρασαν αὐτοὺς πληγῇ μεγάλῃ ἕως οὗ παρῆλθον Δαμασκὸν καὶ τὰ ὅρια αὐτῆς
When all the Israelites heard, they fell upon them with one accord and kept striking them as far as Choba. Likewise those from Jerusalem and all the hill country came, for they had been told what had happened in the camp of their enemies; and those in Gilead and Galilee outflanked them with a great slaughter until they passed Damascus and its borders.
The chase expands from Bethulia to a broad Israelite counterattack across the region.
Word-by-word analysis· 59 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσανhearVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνparticle or discourse marker shaping the flow of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέπεσονfell uponVBI AAI3P · πίπτω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'fell upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκοπτονstruck / cut downV1I IAI3P · κόπτωmain verb (the defeat of the Philistines)κόπτω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the defeat of the Philistines).
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΧωβαChobaN GS · Χωβαindeclinable proper noun, genitive of extentΧωβα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable proper noun, genitive of extent.
ὡσαύτωςlikewiseD · ὡσαύτωςadverb→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileὡσαύτως: meaning 'likewise'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
παρεγενήθησανcame / arrivedVCI API3P · γίγνομαι + παραmain verb (the besiegers arrive)γίγνομαι + παρα: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the besiegers arrive).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςadjectival modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινῆςhill countryN1 GSF · ὀρεινήsubstantivized adjective (genitive object of ἐκ: 'from the hill country')→ relational specificationὀρεινή: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as substantivized adjective (genitive object of ἐκ: 'from the hill country').
ἀνήγγειλανreportVAI AAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal→ constative aoristἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
γεγονόταthat had appearedVX · χαπαπν γίγνομαιattributive participle (modifying προσοχθίσματα)χαπαπν γίγνομαι: meaning 'that had appeared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (modifying προσοχθίσματα).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῇcampN1 DSF · παρεμβολήdative of place (locative: 'in the camp')→ sphere or referenceπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as dative of place (locative: 'in the camp').
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρῶνἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.A1A GPM · ἐχθρόςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΓαλααδGileadN DS · Γαλαάδsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to contextΓαλααδ: meaning 'Gilead'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαλιλαίᾳGalileeN1A DSF · Γαλιλαίαplace-name in the allotment listΓαλιλαίᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as place-name in the allotment list.
ὑπερεκέρασανovertakeVAI AAI3P · κεράννυμι + ὑπερmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκεράννυμι + ὑπερ: meaning 'overtake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πληγῇplagueN1 DSF · πληγήdative of instrument ('with plague')→ sphere or referenceπληγή: meaning 'plague'; it serves as dative of instrument ('with plague').
μεγάλῃμέγας: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.A1 DSF · μέγαςDative complement→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'μέγας: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.'; it serves as Dative complement.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
παρῆλθονἔρχομαιVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + παραparticiple contributing circumstance, manner, or description→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + παρα: meaning 'ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing circumstance, manner, or description.
ΔαμασκὸνDamascusN2 ASM · Δαμασκόςdirect object of ἐπέστρεψεν→ participant identificationΔαμασκὸν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as direct object of ἐπέστρεψεν.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅριαborderN2N APN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
6
οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ οἱ κατοικοῦντες Βαιτυλουα ἐπέπεσαν τῇ παρεμβολῇ Ασσουρ καὶ ἐπρονόμευσαν αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐπλούτησαν σφόδρα
The rest of those dwelling in Bethulia fell upon the Assyrian camp, plundered them, and became exceedingly rich.
Those who do not join the chase take possession of the abandoned camp.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λοιποὶthe restA1 NPM · λοιπόςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceλοιπός: meaning 'the rest'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
ΒαιτυλουαBethuliaN ASF · ΒαιτυλουαProper name within the clauseΒαιτυλουα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as Proper name within the clause.
ἐπέπεσανthey fell uponVAI AAI3P · πίπτω + ἐπιmain verb (the violent onslaught)→ constative aoristπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'they fell upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the violent onslaught).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῇcampN1 DSF · παρεμβολήdative of place (locative: 'in the camp')→ sphere or referenceπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as dative of place (locative: 'in the camp').
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπρονόμευσανthey plunderedVAI AAI3P · νομεύω + προmain verb (Israel takes the spoil)→ constative aoristνομεύω + προ: meaning 'they plundered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Israel takes the spoil).
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλούτησανthe rich / one who is richVAI AAI3P · πλουτέωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the rich')→ constative aoristπλουτέω: meaning 'the rich'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival participle (subject: 'the rich').
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
7
οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἀναστρέψαντες ἀπὸ τῆς κοπῆς ἐκυρίευσαν τῶν λοιπῶν καὶ αἱ κῶμαι καὶ ἐπαύλεις ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ καὶ πεδινῇ ἐκράτησαν πολλῶν λαφύρων ἦν γὰρ πλῆθος πολὺ σφόδρα
The Israelites who returned from the slaughter mastered what remained, and the villages and farmsteads in the hill country and the plain took much spoil, for it was a very great quantity.
The wealth of the defeated army is dispersed through Israelite settlements.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἀναστρέψαντεςhaving turned backVA · ααπνπμ στρέφω + ἀναtemporal participle (antecedent action: 'after turning back')ααπνπμ στρέφω + ἀνα: meaning 'having turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as temporal participle (antecedent action: 'after turning back').
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοπῆςslaughter / cutting downN1 GSF · κοπήgenitive of separation (from the slaughter)κοπή: meaning 'slaughter'; it serves as genitive of separation (from the slaughter).
ἐκυρίευσανruleVAI AAI3P · κυριεύωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeκυριεύω: meaning 'rule'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπῶνof the rest / remaining thingsA1 GPN · λοιπόςgenitive (substantival: 'of the remaining items')→ relational specificationλοιπός: meaning 'of the rest'; it serves as genitive (substantival: 'of the remaining items').
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κῶμαιvillagesN1 NPF · κώμηcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ subject or predicate term within the clauseκώμη: meaning 'villages'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαύλειςvillageN3I NPF · ἔπαυλιςnominative head term or subject complement→ participant prominenceἔπαυλις: meaning 'village'; it serves as nominative head term or subject complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινῇoreineN1 DSF · ὀρεινήdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or locationὀρεινή: meaning 'oreine'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεδινῇPedineA1 DSF · πεδεινόςadjectival modifierπεδεινός: meaning 'Pedine'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
ἐκράτησανholding powerVAI AAI3P · κρατέωpredicate participle (periphrastic with ἦν)→ constative aoristκρατέω: meaning 'holding power'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as predicate participle (periphrastic with ἦν).
πολλῶνmany / muchA1 GPN · πολύςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
λαφύρωνspoilN2N GPN · λάφυρονgenitive dependentλάφυρον: meaning 'spoil'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E NSN · πλῆθοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πολὺlargeA1P NSN · πολύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'large'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
8
καὶ Ιωακιμ ὁ ἱερεὺς ὁ μέγας καὶ ἡ γερουσία τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἦλθον τοῦ θεάσασθαι τὰ ἀγαθά ἃ ἐποίησεν κύριος τῷ Ισραηλ καὶ τοῦ ἰδεῖν τὴν Ιουδιθ καὶ λαλῆσαι μετ' αὐτῆς εἰρήνην
Joakim the high priest and the council of the Israelites who lived in Jerusalem came to see the good things the Lord had done for Israel and to look upon Judith and greet her in peace.
Jerusalem's religious leadership comes as official witnesses to the salvation.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙωακιμJoakimN NSM · Ιωακιμproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙωακιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestN3V NSM · ἱερεύςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priest'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
γερουσίαcouncil of eldersN1A NSF · γερουσίαsubject (collective singular)γερουσία: meaning 'council of elders'; it serves as subject (collective singular).
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἦλθονcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεάσασθαιθεάομαιVA AMN · θεάομαιfinite verb advancing the clauseθεάομαι: meaning 'θεάομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀγαθάgoodA1 APN · ἀγαθόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδεῖνseeVB AAN · ὁράωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival complementὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδιθJudithN ASF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλῆσαιspeakVA AAN · λαλέωinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
εἰρήνηνpeaceN1 ASF · εἰρήνηaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationεἰρήνη: meaning 'peace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
9
ὡς δὲ εἰσῆλθον πρὸς αὐτήν εὐλόγησαν αὐτὴν πάντες ὁμοθυμαδὸν καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτήν σὺ ὕψωμα Ιερουσαλημ σὺ γαυρίαμα μέγα τοῦ Ισραηλ σὺ καύχημα μέγα τοῦ γένους ἡμῶν
When they entered to her, they all blessed her with one accord and said to her, "You are the exaltation of Jerusalem, you are the great boast of Israel, you are the great glory of our race."
Their formulaic praise names Judith as the embodied honor of the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθονwent inVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εὐλόγησανblessVA AAI3P · εὐλογέωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁμοθυμαδὸνwith one accordD · ὁμοθυμαδόνparticle or discourse marker shaping the flow of the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὁμοθυμαδὸν: meaning 'with one accord'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὕψωμαexaltationN3M NSN · ὕψωμαhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ hidden injustice and delayed reckoningὕψωμα: meaning 'exaltation'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
γαυρίαμαboastingN3M NSN · γαυρίαμαhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ participantγαυρίαμα: meaning 'boasting'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
μέγαgreatA1P NSN · μέγαςadjectival modifier→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καύχημαboast / gloryingN3M NSN · καύχημαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκαύχημα: meaning 'boast'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μέγαgreatA1P NSN · μέγαςadjectival modifier→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένουςγένος: 'race'N3E GSN · γένοςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'γένος: 'race'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
10
ἐποίησας ταῦτα πάντα ἐν χειρί σου ἐποίησας τὰ ἀγαθὰ μετὰ Ισραηλ καὶ εὐδόκησεν ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ὁ θεός εὐλογημένη γίνου παρὰ τῷ παντοκράτορι κυρίῳ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον καὶ εἶπεν πᾶς ὁ λαός γένοιτο
"You have done all these things with your hand; you have done good for Israel, and God has been pleased with them. May you be blessed by the Lord Almighty forever." And all the people said, "Amen."
The blessing binds Judith's action, Israel's good, and God's pleasure together.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρίhandN3 DSF · χείρdative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀγαθὰgoodA1 APN · ἀγαθόςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐδόκησενhe delighted / took pleasureVA AAI3S · εὐδοκέωverb of causal clause (subject: YHWH)→ constative aoristεὐδοκέω: meaning 'he delighted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of causal clause (subject: YHWH).
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςhisRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
εὐλογημένηblessedVM · χμπνσφ εὐλογέωpredicate participle (perfect, blessing of person)→ dependence, provision, and measured sufficiencyχμπνσφ εὐλογέω: meaning 'blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as predicate participle (perfect, blessing of person).
γίνουbe / becomeV1 PMD2S · γίγνομαιmain verb (the messenger's exhortation)→ present or ongoing verbal forceγίγνομαι: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the messenger's exhortation).
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παντοκράτοριAlmightyN3R DSM · παντοκράτωρdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶναage / foreverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
χρόνονtimeN2 ASM · χρόνοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationχρόνος: meaning 'time'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
γένοιτοso be it / AmenVB AMO3S · γίγνομαιmain verb of the people's response (optative of wish)→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'so be it'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the people's response (optative of wish).
11
καὶ ἐλαφύρευσεν πᾶς ὁ λαὸς τὴν παρεμβολὴν ἐφ' ἡμέρας τριάκοντα καὶ ἔδωκαν τῇ Ιουδιθ τὴν σκηνὴν Ολοφέρνου καὶ πάντα τὰ ἀργυρώματα καὶ τὰς κλίνας καὶ τὰ ὁλκεῖα καὶ πάντα τὰ κατασκευάσματα αὐτοῦ καὶ λαβοῦσα αὐτὴ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπὶ τὴν ἡμίονον αὐτῆς καὶ ἔζευξεν τὰς ἁμάξας αὐτῆς καὶ ἐσώρευσεν αὐτὰ ἐπ' αὐτῶν
All the people plundered the camp for thirty days, and they gave Judith the tent of Holofernes and all his silverware, his couches, his vessels, and all his furnishings. She took them, loaded them on her mule, yoked her carts, and heaped these things upon them.
Judith receives the enemy commander's own luxury goods as fitting spoil of victory.
Word-by-word analysis· 50 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλαφύρευσενtake spoilVAI AAI3S · λαφυρεύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionλαφυρεύω: meaning 'take spoil'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολὴνcampN1 ASF · παρεμβολήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ content focusπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'eph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τριάκονταthirtyM · τριάκονταcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastτριάκοντα: meaning 'thirty'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιmain verb of allotment or gift→ aorist summary statementδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of allotment or gift.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδιθJudithN DSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀργυρώματαsilverwareN3M APN · ἀργύρωμαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseἀργύρωμα: meaning 'silverware'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίναςbedN1 APF · κλίνηcommon noun within the clauseκλίνη: meaning 'bed'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁλκεῖαutensilN2N APN · ὁλκεῖονaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalὁλκεῖον: meaning 'utensil'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατασκευάσματαfurnishingN3M APN · κατασκεύασμαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalκατασκεύασμα: meaning 'furnishing'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβοῦσαhaving taken / takingVB · ααπνσφ λαμβάνωcircumstantial participle (attendant action, modifying Μαριαμ)ααπνσφ λαμβάνω: meaning 'having taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle (attendant action, modifying Μαριαμ).
αὐτὴhe, she, itRD NSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argument→ participant referenceαὐτὴ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
ἐπέθηκενlay uponVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + ἐπιcircumstantial participle→ constative aoristτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'lay upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίονονmuleN2 ASF · ἡμίονοςobject of ἐπίἡμίονος: meaning 'mule'; it serves as object of ἐπί.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔζευξενhe yokedVAI AAI3S · ζευγνύωmain verbζευγνύω: meaning 'he yoked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμάξαςwagonN1S APF · ἅμαξαcommon noun within the clauseἅμαξα: meaning 'wagon'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσώρευσενheap upVAI AAI3S · σωρεύωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionσωρεύω: meaning 'heap up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνhis/theirRD GPF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier or resumptive dependent→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier or resumptive dependent.
12
καὶ συνέδραμεν πᾶσα γυνὴ Ισραηλ τοῦ ἰδεῖν αὐτὴν καὶ εὐλόγησαν αὐτὴν καὶ ἐποίησαν αὐτῇ χορὸν ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ ἔλαβεν θύρσους ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτῆς καὶ ἔδωκεν ταῖς γυναιξὶν ταῖς μετ' αὐτῆς
Every woman of Israel ran together to see her; they blessed her, made a dance for her from among themselves, and she took thyrsus-staffs in her hands and gave them to the women with her.
The women's procession turns Judith's military deliverance into communal festal honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέδραμενrun togetherVBI AAI3S · τρέχω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτρέχω + συν: meaning 'run together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
γυνὴwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰδεῖνseeVB AAN · ὁράωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival complementὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλόγησανblessVA AAI3P · εὐλογέωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ constative aoristεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῇthisRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
χορὸνdanceN2 ASM · χορόςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationχορός: meaning 'dance'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνhis/theirRD GPF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier or resumptive dependent→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier or resumptive dependent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
θύρσουςthyrsus-staffN2 APM · θύρσοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalθύρσος: meaning 'thyrsus-staff'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερσὶνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναιξὶνwomanN3K DPF · γυνήdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ sphere or referenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
13
καὶ ἐστεφανώσαντο τὴν ἐλαίαν αὐτὴ καὶ αἱ μετ' αὐτῆς καὶ προῆλθεν παντὸς τοῦ λαοῦ ἐν χορείᾳ ἡγουμένη πασῶν τῶν γυναικῶν καὶ ἠκολούθει πᾶς ἀνὴρ Ισραηλ ἐνωπλισμένοι μετὰ στεφάνων καὶ ὕμνουν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν
They crowned themselves with olive branches, she and those with her, and she went before all the people in the dance, leading all the women. All the men of Israel followed, armed, with garlands, and with hymns in their mouths.
The whole people join the victory rite, with women leading and armed men following in praise.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστεφανώσαντοcrownVAI AMI3P · στεφανόωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionστεφανόω: meaning 'crown'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίανolive groveN1A ASF · ἐλαίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or extent→ object specificationἐλαία: meaning 'olive grove'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or extent.
αὐτὴhe, she, itRD NSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argument→ participant referenceαὐτὴ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προῆλθενwent aheadVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + προmain verb (deliberate vanguard advance)ἔρχομαι + προ: meaning 'went ahead'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (deliberate vanguard advance).
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χορείᾳchoral danceN1A DSF · χορείαdative term functioning as complement, recipient, or referenceχορεία: meaning 'choral dance'; it serves as dative term functioning as complement, recipient, or reference.
ἡγουμένηa prince / leaderV2 · πμπνσφ ἡγέομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ bloody city exposed and irreversible ruinπμπνσφ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'a prince'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
πασῶνallA1S GPF · πᾶςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικῶνwomanN3K GPF · γυνήhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠκολούθειfollowedV2I IAI3S · ἀκολουθέωmain verb (accompaniment)ἀκολουθέω: meaning 'followed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (accompaniment).
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνωπλισμένοιarmedVT · χμπνπμ ὁπλίζω + ἐνcircumstantial participle (state: 'in arms')χμπνπμ ὁπλίζω + ἐν: meaning 'armed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle (state: 'in arms').
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
στεφάνωνcrownN2 GPM · στέφανοςcommon noun within the clauseστέφανος: meaning 'crown'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕμνουνhymnV2 IAI3P · ὑμνέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ imperfect of continued actionὑμνέω: meaning 'hymn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόματιmouthN3M DSN · στόμαdative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest→ sphere or referenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as dative substantive or modifier marking relation, means, location, or interest.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
14
καὶ ἐξῆρχεν Ιουδιθ τὴν ἐξομολόγησιν ταύτην ἐν παντὶ Ισραηλ καὶ ὑπερεφώνει πᾶς ὁ λαὸς τὴν αἴνεσιν ταύτην
Then Judith began this thanksgiving in the midst of all Israel, and all the people answered this praise.
The final verse opens directly into the hymn that interprets the victory theologically.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆρχενled off / began (the song)V1I IAI3S · ἄρχω + ἐκmain verb (subject Μαριαμ)ἄρχω + ἐκ: meaning 'led off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (subject Μαριαμ).
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξομολόγησινthanksgivingN3I ASF · ἐξομολόγησιςaccusative complement→ object specificationἐξομολόγησις: meaning 'thanksgiving'; it serves as accusative complement.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερεφώνειchant overV2I IAI3S · φωνέω + ὑπερmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionφωνέω + ὑπερ: meaning 'chant over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἴνεσινpraiseN3I ASF · αἴνεσιςaccusative complement→ object specificationαἴνεσις: meaning 'praise'; it serves as accusative complement.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.