1
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς Ιουδιθ ἀκούσατε δή μου ἀδελφοί καὶ λαβόντες τὴν κεφαλὴν ταύτην κρεμάσατε αὐτὴν ἐπὶ τῆς ἐπάλξεως τοῦ τείχους ὑμῶν
Judith said to them, "Listen to me, brothers: take this head and hang it upon the battlement of your wall."
The first instruction turns the severed head into a public sign for the city and its enemies.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἀκούσατεhearVA AAD2P · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
δήdeX · δήnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: meaning 'de'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀδελφοίNominal or adjectival form from ἀδελφός with the sense “ἀδελφός” here.N2 VPM · ἀδελφόςNominal modifier or complementἀδελφός: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from ἀδελφός with the sense “ἀδελφός” here.'; it serves as Nominal modifier or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβόντεςtakeVB · ααπνπμ λαμβάνωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ constative aorist participleααπνπμ λαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κρεμάσατεhangVA AAD2P · κρεμάζωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processκρεμάζω: meaning 'hang'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπάλξεωςbattlementN3I GSF · ἐπάλξιςgenitive term expressing possession, source, relation, or descriptionἐπάλξις: meaning 'battlement'; it serves as genitive term expressing possession, source, relation, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχουςwallN3E GSN · τεῖχοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ relational specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
2
καὶ ἔσται ἡνίκα ἐὰν διαφαύσῃ ὁ ὄρθρος καὶ ἐξέλθῃ ὁ ἥλιος ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἀναλήμψεσθε ἕκαστος τὰ σκεύη τὰ πολεμικὰ ὑμῶν καὶ ἐξελεύσεσθε πᾶς ἀνὴρ ἰσχύων ἔξω τῆς πόλεως καὶ δώσετε ἀρχηγὸν εἰς αὐτοὺς ὡς καταβαίνοντες ἐπὶ τὸ πεδίον εἰς τὴν προφυλακὴν υἱῶν Ασσουρ καὶ οὐ καταβήσεσθε
'And when dawn breaks and the sun rises over the earth, each of you shall take up your weapons of war and every strong man shall go out beyond the city. Set a leader over them as though you were going down to the plain toward the advance guard of the Assyrians, though you shall not actually go down.'
Judith prescribes a feigned advance meant to stir the enemy without exposing the city.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίfinite verb advancing the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἡνίκαηνικαD · ἡνίκαparticle or adverb qualifying the clause or verbal action→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'ηνικα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
διαφαύσῃdawnsVA AAS3S · φαύσκω + διαverb of temporal clause (subjunctive)φαύσκω + δια: meaning 'dawns'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of temporal clause (subjunctive).
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρθροςdawn / daybreakN2 NSM · ὄρθροςsubject of ἀνέβαινεν→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄρθρος: meaning 'dawn'; it serves as subject of ἀνέβαινεν.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέλθῃwent outVB AAS3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀναλήμψεσθεanalabontesVF FMI2P · λαμβάνω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'analabontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
σκεύηimplementsN3E APN · σκεῦοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκεῦος: meaning 'implements'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
πολεμικὰNominal or adjectival form from πολεμικός with the sense “martial” here.A1 APN · πολεμικόςObject / complementπολεμικός: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from πολεμικός with the sense “martial” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσεσθεyou shall go outVF FMI2P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb of the prohibition clause (prohibitive future with οὐκ)→ future middle indicativeἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'you shall go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the prohibition clause (prohibitive future with οὐκ).
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἰσχύωνbe strongN3U GPF · ἰσχύςparticipial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'be strong'; it serves as participial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action.
ἔξωexoP · ἔξωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ relationἔξω: meaning 'exo'; it shapes the relation of its complement within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσετεyou shall giveVF FAI2P · δίδωμιmain verb of the apodosis→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'you shall give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the apodosis.
ἀρχηγὸνchief / leaderN2 ASM · ἀρχηγόςaccusative in apposition (predicate of αὐτούς: 'each a chief')→ content focusἀρχηγός: meaning 'chief'; it serves as accusative in apposition (predicate of αὐτούς: 'each a chief').
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
καταβαίνοντεςwent downV1 · παπνπμ βαίνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεδίονplain / lowlandN2N ASN · πεδίονaccusative (coordinate zone)→ object specificationπεδίον: meaning 'plain'; it serves as accusative (coordinate zone).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προφυλακὴνNominal or adjectival form from προφυλακή with the sense “outpost” here.N1 ASF · προφυλακήObject / complement→ lexical contribution to the oracleπροφυλακή: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from προφυλακή with the sense “outpost” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
καταβήσεσθεwent downVF FMI2P · βαίνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clauseβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
3
καὶ ἀναλαβόντες οὗτοι τὰς πανοπλίας αὐτῶν πορεύσονται εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐγεροῦσι τοὺς στρατηγοὺς τῆς δυνάμεως Ασσουρ καὶ συνδραμοῦνται ἐπὶ τὴν σκηνὴν Ολοφέρνου καὶ οὐχ εὑρήσουσιν αὐτόν καὶ ἐπιπεσεῖται ἐπ' αὐτοὺς φόβος καὶ φεύξονται ἀπὸ προσώπου ὑμῶν
'Then they will take up their armor, go into their camp, rouse the commanders of the Assyrian forces, and rush to the tent of Holofernes. They will not find him, fear will fall on them, and they will flee before you.'
The stratagem depends on the chain reaction that the missing commander will cause.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναλαβόντεςanalabontesVB · ααπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ assertion or appealααπνπμ λαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'analabontes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
οὗτοιtheseRD NPM · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceοὗτοι: meaning 'these'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πανοπλίαςarmorN1A APF · πανοπλίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalπανοπλία: meaning 'armor'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
πορεύσονταιporeyomaiVF FMI3P · πορεύομαιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολὴνcampN1 ASF · παρεμβολήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ content focusπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγεροῦσιraises / liftsVF FMI3P · ἐγείρωfinite verb advancing the clauseἐγείρω: meaning 'raises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατηγοὺςgeneralN2 APM · στρατηγόςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationστρατηγός: meaning 'general'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνδραμοῦνταιrun togetherVF2 FMI3P · τρέχω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτρέχω + συν: meaning 'run together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὑρήσουσινwill findVF FAI3P · εὑρίσκωmain verb (evils befall the people)→ futureεὑρίσκω: meaning 'will find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (evils befall the people).
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιπεσεῖταιfell uponVF2 FMI3S · πίπτω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ lawsuit, hiddenness, and risky hopeπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'fell upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
φόβοςfearN2 NSM · φόβοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφόβος: meaning 'fear'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φεύξονταιthey shall fleeVF FMI3P · φεύγωmain verb (the enemies' rout)→ futureφεύγω: meaning 'they shall flee'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the enemies' rout).
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
4
καὶ ἐπακολουθήσαντες ὑμεῖς καὶ πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες πᾶν ὅριον Ισραηλ καταστρώσατε αὐτοὺς ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν
'Then you and all who inhabit every territory of Israel shall follow after them and strike them down on their roads.'
Once panic begins, Israel is to turn it into complete pursuit.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπακολουθήσαντεςfollow afterVA · ααπνπμ ἀκολουθέω + ἐπιmain verbααπνπμ ἀκολουθέω + ἐπι: meaning 'follow after'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ participant referenceὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ὅριονborderN2N ASN · ὅριονsubject→ object specificationὅριον: meaning 'border'; it serves as subject.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καταστρώσατεVerbal form from στρώννυμι + κατα meaning “lay low” in this context.VA AAD2P · στρώννυμι + καταFinite verb / predicateστρώννυμι + κατα: meaning 'Verbal form from στρώννυμι + κατα meaning “lay low” in this context.'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδοῖςwayN2 DPF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ sphere or referenceὁδοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
5
πρὸ δὲ τοῦ ποιῆσαι ταῦτα καλέσατέ μοι Αχιωρ τὸν Αμμανίτην ἵνα ἰδὼν ἐπιγνοῖ τὸν ἐκφαυλίσαντα τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ισραηλ καὶ αὐτὸν ὡς εἰς θάνατον ἀποστείλαντα εἰς ἡμᾶς
'But before you do these things, call Achior the Ammonite to me, so that seeing this he may recognize the one who despised the house of Israel and sent him to us as if to death.'
Judith wants the foreign witness to see the reversal firsthand before the plan unfolds.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καλέσατέcallVA AAD2P · καλέωmain verb (imperative to attendants)καλέω: meaning 'call'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (imperative to attendants).
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ΑχιωρAhihudN ASM · Αχιωρnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)Αχιωρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑμμανίτηνAmmoniteN1M ASM · Αμμανίτηςappositional gentilic (accusative, in apposition to Ναας)Αμμανίτην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as appositional gentilic (accusative, in apposition to Ναας).
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδὼνseeing / whenever he sawVB · ααπνσμ ὁράωcircumstantial participle (temporal/conditional: 'whenever he saw')→ verbal action or state within the oracleααπνσμ ὁράω: meaning 'seeing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle (temporal/conditional: 'whenever he saw').
ἐπιγνοῖto find outVZ AAS3S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιinfinitive verbal complement expressing purpose, result, or dependent actionγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'to find out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive verbal complement expressing purpose, result, or dependent action.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκφαυλίσανταtreat with contemptVA · ααπασμ φαυλίζω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπασμ φαυλίζω + ἐκ: meaning 'treat with contempt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θάνατονdeath / pestilenceN2 ASM · θάνατοςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀποστείλανταwho sentVA · ααπασμ στέλλω + ἀποattributive participle (modifying βασιλέα: 'the king who sent you')→ verbal action or stateααπασμ στέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'who sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (modifying βασιλέα: 'the king who sent you').
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμᾶςἐγώ: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.RP AP · ἐγώObject / complement→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'ἐγώ: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Object / complement.
6
καὶ ἐκάλεσαν τὸν Αχιωρ ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου Οζια ὡς δὲ ἦλθεν καὶ εἶδεν τὴν κεφαλὴν Ολοφέρνου ἐν χειρὶ ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ τοῦ λαοῦ ἔπεσεν ἐπὶ πρόσωπον καὶ ἐξελύθη τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ
So they called Achior from the house of Uzziah, and when he came and saw the head of Holofernes in the hand of a man in the assembly of the people, he fell on his face and his spirit failed.
The sight of the head overwhelms Achior before he can speak.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσανcalledVAI AAI3P · καλέωmain verb→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑχιωρAhihudN ASM · Αχιωρnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)Αχιωρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name).
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΟζιαUzziahN GSM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζια: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἑνὸςintoA3 GSM · εἷςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationεἷς: meaning 'into'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκκλησίᾳassemblyN1A DSF · ἐκκλησίαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἐκκλησία: meaning 'assembly'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἔπεσενfellVAI AAI3S · πίπτωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω: meaning 'fell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελύθηwas exhausted / faintedVCI API3S · λύω + ἐκmain verb (the people's faintness)→ constative aoristλύω + ἐκ: meaning 'was exhausted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the people's faintness).
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
7
ὡς δὲ ἀνέλαβον αὐτόν προσέπεσεν τοῖς ποσὶν Ιουδιθ καὶ προσεκύνησεν τῷ προσώπῳ αὐτῆς καὶ εἶπεν εὐλογημένη σὺ ἐν παντὶ σκηνώματι Ιουδα καὶ ἐν παντὶ ἔθνει οἵτινες ἀκούσαντες τὸ ὄνομά σου ταραχθήσονται
When they raised him up, he fell at Judith's feet, bowed before her face, and said, 'Blessed are you in every tent of Judah and in every nation; all who hear your name will be shaken.'
Achior answers his shock with reverence and a blessing that anticipates Judith's fame.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέλαβονλαμβάνωVBI AAI3P · λαμβάνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'λαμβάνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτόνhe / she / itRD ASM · αὐτόςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
προσέπεσενcame uponVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + προςmain finite verb of the clause→ constative aorist presenting the event as a wholeπίπτω + προς: meaning 'came upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main finite verb of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποσὶνfeetN3D DPM · πούςdative of manner ('on foot')→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as dative of manner ('on foot').
ΙουδιθJudithN GSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεκύνησενbow down beforeVAI AAI3S · κυνέω + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristκυνέω + προς: meaning 'bow down before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπῳof faceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative of respect (with ἀναιδές)→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'of face'; it serves as dative of respect (with ἀναιδές).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
εὐλογημένηblessedVM · χμπνσφ εὐλογέωpredicate participle (perfect, blessing of person)→ dependence, provision, and measured sufficiencyχμπνσφ εὐλογέω: meaning 'blessed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as predicate participle (perfect, blessing of person).
σὺyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παντὶall / everyA3 DSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
σκηνώματιtent / dwellingN3M DSN · σκήνωμαdative of place ('in his tent')σκήνωμα: meaning 'tent'; it serves as dative of place ('in his tent').
ΙουδαJudahN GSM · Ἰουδάproper name within the genealogical or territorial register→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the genealogical or territorial register.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
παντὶall / everyA3 DSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ἔθνειnationN3E DSN · ἔθνοςdative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative term functioning as indirect object, reference, means, or location.
οἵτινεςwhoRX NPM · ὅστιςrelative pronoun (subject of ἐκάθισαν)→ participant prominenceοἵτινες: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (subject of ἐκάθισαν).
ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardVA · ααπνπμ ἀκούωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ remembered honor and former blessingααπνπμ ἀκούω: meaning 'having heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ταραχθήσονταιwill be troubledVQ FPI3P · ταράσσωmain verb of the relative clause (the nations' panic)→ futureταράσσω: meaning 'will be troubled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the relative clause (the nations' panic).
8
καὶ νῦν ἀνάγγειλόν μοι ὅσα ἐποίησας ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις καὶ ἀπήγγειλεν αὐτῷ Ιουδιθ ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ λαοῦ πάντα ὅσα ἦν πεποιηκυῖα ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας ἐξῆλθεν ἕως οὗ ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς
"And now tell me what you have done in these days." So Judith told him in the midst of the people everything she had done from the day she went out until the time she was speaking to them.
Judith gives Achior the full account in public, turning private action into communal testimony.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάγγειλόνtellVA AAD2S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verb (imperative)→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (imperative).
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐποίησαςdo / makeVAI AAI2S · ποιέωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ταύταιςtheseRD DPF · οὗτοςdemonstrative or relative element tying the register together→ participant reference or interestοὗτος: meaning 'these'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήγγειλενreportVAI AAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μέσῳμέσος: 'midst'A1 DSN · μέσοςDative complement→ dative element marking sphere, relation, or instrumentμέσος: meaning 'μέσος: 'midst'; it serves as Dative complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅσαas many asA1 NPN · ὅσοςnominative subject / predicate element in the clause→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'as many as'; it serves as nominative subject / predicate element in the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πεποιηκυῖαdidVX · χαπνπν ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forwardχαπνπν ποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἀφ'aphP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'aph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
οὗwhereRR GSF · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependenceοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐλάλειwas speakingV2I IAI3S · λαλέωmain verb (manner of her prayer)→ ongoing verbal processλαλέω: meaning 'was speaking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (manner of her prayer).
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
9
ὡς δὲ ἐπαύσατο λαλοῦσα ἠλάλαξεν ὁ λαὸς φωνῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ ἔδωκεν φωνὴν εὐφρόσυνον ἐν τῇ πόλει αὐτῶν
When she stopped speaking, the people shouted with a loud voice and raised a joyful cry in their city.
The narration marks popular exultation before returning to Achior.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπαύσατοstopVAI AMI3S · παύωcircumstantial participle→ ingressive aorist middle marking cessationπαύω: meaning 'stop'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
λαλοῦσαspeakV2 · παπνσφ λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπαπνσφ λαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἠλάλαξενshoutedVAI AAI3S · ἀλαλάζωmain verb (the great war-shout)ἀλαλάζω: meaning 'shouted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the great war-shout).
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
μεγάλῃμέγας: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.A1 DSF · μέγαςDative complement→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'μέγας: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.'; it serves as Dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
φωνὴνphoneN1 ASF · φωνήhead noun within the clause→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'phone'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
εὐφρόσυνονjoyfulA1B ASF · εὐφρόσυνοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalεὐφρόσυνος: meaning 'joyful'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειcityN3I DSF · πόλιςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
10
ἰδὼν δὲ Αχιωρ πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τοῦ Ισραηλ ἐπίστευσεν τῷ θεῷ σφόδρα καὶ περιετέμετο τὴν σάρκα τῆς ἀκροβυστίας αὐτοῦ καὶ προσετέθη εἰς τὸν οἶκον Ισραηλ ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης
When Achior saw all that the God of Israel had done, he believed in God greatly, circumcised the flesh of his foreskin, and was joined to the house of Israel to this day.
The foreign witness responds not merely with admiration but with covenantal incorporation.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ἰδὼνseeing / whenever he sawVB · ααπνσμ ὁράωcircumstantial participle (temporal/conditional: 'whenever he saw')→ verbal action or state within the oracleααπνσμ ὁράω: meaning 'seeing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle (temporal/conditional: 'whenever he saw').
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑχιωρAhihudN NSM · Αχιωρnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)Αχιωρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name).
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐπίστευσενbelievedVAI AAI3S · πιστεύωmain verb (the climactic act of faith: the people believe — closing the inclusio with v.1)→ constative aoristπιστεύω: meaning 'believed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the climactic act of faith: the people believe — closing the inclusio with v.1).
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιετέμετοcircumciseVBI AMI3S · τέμνω + περιmain finite verb of the clauseτέμνω + περι: meaning 'circumcise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main finite verb of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάρκαfleshN3K ASF · σάρξaccusative object of ἐπί (what may not be anointed)→ object specificationσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as accusative object of ἐπί (what may not be anointed).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκροβυστίαςforeskinsN1A GSF · ἀκροβυστίαdirect object of ἀνήνεγκενἀκροβυστία: meaning 'foreskins'; it serves as direct object of ἀνήνεγκεν.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσετέθηwas gatheredVCI API3S · τίθημι + προςmain verb (Aaron's gathering to his people)→ constative aoristτίθημι + προς: meaning 'was gathered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Aaron's gathering to his people).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ταύτηςthis/theseRD GSF · οὗτοςdemonstrative summarizing the preceding names→ relational specificationταύτης: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative summarizing the preceding names.
11
ἡνίκα δὲ ὁ ὄρθρος ἀνέβη καὶ ἐκρέμασαν τὴν κεφαλὴν Ολοφέρνου ἐκ τοῦ τείχους καὶ ἀνέλαβεν πᾶς ἀνὴρ τὰ ὅπλα αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξήλθοσαν κατὰ σπείρας ἐπὶ τὰς ἀναβάσεις τοῦ ὄρους
When dawn rose, they hung Holofernes' head from the wall, every man took up his weapons, and they went out in companies upon the mountain passes.
Bethulia carries out Judith's dawn instructions in visible formation.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἡνίκαηνικαD · ἡνίκαparticle or adverb qualifying the clause or verbal action→ discourse linkage or contrastἡνίκα: meaning 'ηνικα'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρθροςdawn / daybreakN2 NSM · ὄρθροςsubject of ἀνέβαινεν→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationὄρθρος: meaning 'dawn'; it serves as subject of ἀνέβαινεν.
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκρέμασανthey hung upVAI AAI3P · κρεμάζωmain verb (public display of the bodies)→ verbal action advancing the lamentκρεμάζω: meaning 'they hung up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (public display of the bodies).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τείχουςwallN3E GSN · τεῖχοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ relational specificationτεῖχος: meaning 'wall'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέλαβενtake upVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνω + ἀναmain verb→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + ἀνα: meaning 'take up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅπλαweaponsN2N APN · ὅπλονcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationὅπλον: meaning 'weapons'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήλθοσανcame outVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb marking the emergence of later groups from earlier settlements→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'came out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb marking the emergence of later groups from earlier settlements.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σπείραςcompanyN1A APF · σπεῖραaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalσπεῖρα: meaning 'company'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναβάσειςἀνάβασις: 'ascent'N3I APF · ἀνάβασιςObject / complementἀνάβασις: meaning 'ἀνάβασις: 'ascent'; it serves as Object / complement.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρουςmountainN3E GSN · ὄροςgenitive of relationship (with βορρᾶ: 'north of the mountain')→ relational specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountain'; it serves as genitive of relationship (with βορρᾶ: 'north of the mountain').
12
οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ Ασσουρ ὡς εἶδον αὐτούς διέπεμψαν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἡγουμένους αὐτῶν οἱ δὲ ἦλθον ἐπὶ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς καὶ χιλιάρχους καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα ἄρχοντα αὐτῶν
When the Assyrians saw them, they sent word to their leaders, and those leaders came to the generals, the commanders of thousands, and every one of their rulers.
The sight of the Israelites sends the camp's command structure into motion.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εἶδονseeVBI AAI3P · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
διέπεμψανsent word through messengersVAI AAI3P · πέμπω + διαmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionπέμπω + δια: meaning 'sent word through messengers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡγουμένουςegeomaiV2 · πμπαπμ ἡγέομαιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'egeomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθονcomeVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρατηγοὺςgeneralN2 APM · στρατηγόςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationστρατηγός: meaning 'general'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χιλιάρχουςcommanders of thousandsN2 APM · χιλίαρχοςcommon noun within the clauseχιλίαρχος: meaning 'commanders of thousands'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἄρχονταcommanderN3 ASM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἄρχων: meaning 'commander'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
13
καὶ παρεγένοντο ἐπὶ τὴν σκηνὴν Ολοφέρνου καὶ εἶπαν τῷ ὄντι ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν αὐτοῦ ἔγειρον δὴ τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν ὅτι ἐτόλμησαν οἱ δοῦλοι καταβαίνειν ἐφ' ἡμᾶς εἰς πόλεμον ἵνα ἐξολεθρευθῶσιν εἰς τέλος
They came to Holofernes' tent and said to the one who was over all his possessions, "Wake our lord at once, for the slaves have dared to come down against us for battle, so that they may be utterly destroyed."
Still confident, the officers imagine a simple punitive response once Holofernes wakes.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεγένοντοarriveVBI AMI3P · γίγνομαι + παραfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipγίγνομαι + παρα: meaning 'arrive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄντιthat was / beingV9 · παπδσμ εἰμίattributive participle (with καδίῳ: 'the bag that was to him')παπδσμ εἰμί: meaning 'that was'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (with καδίῳ: 'the bag that was to him').
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάντωνall / everyA3 GPN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἔγειρονraises / liftsVA AAD2S · ἐγείρωfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateἐγείρω: meaning 'raises'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτόλμησανdareVAI AAI3P · τολμάωverbal form carrying the action of the clauseτολμάω: meaning 'dare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιdoyloiN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominal term functioning in a nom relation→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'doyloi'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a nom relation.
καταβαίνεινto go downV1 PAN · βαίνω + καταinfinitive of purpose (complementing παρήγγειλεν)βαίνω + κατα: meaning 'to go down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (complementing παρήγγειλεν).
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'eph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμᾶςἐγώ: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.RP AP · ἐγώObject / complement→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'ἐγώ: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as Object / complement.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πόλεμονwarN2 ASM · πόλεμοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξολεθρευθῶσινthey might be utterly destroyedVC APS3P · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverb of purpose-clause (the goal of the hardening)→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'they might be utterly destroyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of purpose-clause (the goal of the hardening).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative complement→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative complement.
14
καὶ εἰσῆλθεν Βαγώας καὶ ἔκρουσε τὴν αὐλαίαν τῆς σκηνῆς ὑπενόει γὰρ καθεύδειν αὐτὸν μετὰ Ιουδιθ
Then Bagoas entered and struck the curtain of the tent, for he supposed that Holofernes was sleeping with Judith.
The attendant still reads the silence as erotic privacy rather than disaster.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verb of marital approach notice→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of marital approach notice.
ΒαγώαςBagoasN1T NSM · Βαγώαςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαγώας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔκρουσεbeatingVAI AAI3S · κρούωcircumstantial participle (manner: 'beating')κρούω: meaning 'beating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle (manner: 'beating').
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλαίανcurtainN1A ASF · αὐλαίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalαὐλαία: meaning 'curtain'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentN1 GSF · σκηνήcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὑπενόειsupposeV2I IAI3S · νοέω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionνοέω + ὑπο: meaning 'suppose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθεύδεινsleepV1 PAN · εὕδω + καταinfinitive expressing purpose, content, or complementary actionεὕδω + κατα: meaning 'sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, content, or complementary action.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ΙουδιθJudithN GSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
15
ὡς δ' οὐθεὶς ἐπήκουσεν διαστείλας εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν κοιτῶνα καὶ εὗρεν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς χελωνίδος ἐρριμμένον νεκρόν καὶ ἡ κεφαλὴ αὐτοῦ ἀφῄρητο ἀπ' αὐτοῦ
But when no one answered, he drew the curtain aside, entered the bedchamber, and found him thrown dead on the couch-cover, his head having been taken from him.
The hidden reality inside the tent suddenly overturns every assumption.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δ'butX · δέadversative conjunction (contrasting with v.41: 'but whenever')→ deliverance, death, and covenant remembranceδ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐθεὶςno oneA3N NSM · οὐδείςsubject (negative pronoun: 'no one is with you')οὐθεὶς: meaning 'no one'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as subject (negative pronoun: 'no one is with you').
ἐπήκουσενhear favorablyVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + ἐπιmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'hear favorably'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
διαστείλαςdischarging / specifyingVA · ααπνσμ στέλλω + διαcircumstantial participle (modifying the offerer)ααπνσμ στέλλω + δια: meaning 'discharging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle (modifying the offerer).
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verb of marital approach notice→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of marital approach notice.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιτῶναbedchamberN3W ASM · κοιτώνaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clauseκοιτών: meaning 'bedchamber'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὗρενfindVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χελωνίδοςmattress-coverN3D GSF · χελώνιςgenitive term expressing possession, source, relation, or descriptionχελώνις: meaning 'mattress-cover'; it serves as genitive term expressing possession, source, relation, or description.
ἐρριμμένονthrown downVP · χππασμ ῥίπτωparticiple (periphrastic with ἦν)χππασμ ῥίπτω: meaning 'thrown down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle (periphrastic with ἦν).
νεκρόνdeadN2 ASM · νεκρόςdirect object of θάψον→ mortality, daily joy, and fragile wisdomνεκρός: meaning 'dead'; it serves as direct object of θάψον.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κεφαλὴheadN1 NSF · κεφαλήsubject (with ἀφῃρημένα: 'the head ... had been removed')→ participant prominenceκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as subject (with ἀφῃρημένα: 'the head ... had been removed').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀφῄρητοremoveVM YMI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποparticipial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant actionαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
16
καὶ ἐβόησεν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ μετὰ κλαυθμοῦ καὶ στεναγμοῦ καὶ βοῆς ἰσχυρᾶς καὶ διέρρηξεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ
He cried out with a loud voice, with weeping and groaning and a mighty shout, and tore his garments.
Bagoas' bodily lament signals catastrophe before the army understands it.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβόησενcry outVAI AAI3S · βοάωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
μεγάλῃμέγας: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.A1 DSF · μέγαςDative complement→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'μέγας: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.'; it serves as Dative complement.
μετὰwith / afterP · μετάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κλαυθμοῦweepingN2 GSM · κλαυθμόςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationκλαυθμός: meaning 'weeping'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στεναγμοῦgroaningN2 GSM · στεναγμόςgenitive object of ἀπό (the cause of the pity)→ relational specificationστεναγμός: meaning 'groaning'; it serves as genitive object of ἀπό (the cause of the pity).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοῆςoutcryN1 GSF · βοήgenitive of content (with φωνήν: 'sound of the outcry')βοή: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as genitive of content (with φωνήν: 'sound of the outcry').
ἰσχυρᾶςmightyA1A GSF · ἰσχυρόςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ relational specificationἰσχυρός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέρρηξενtoreVAI AAI3S · ῥήγνυμι + διαfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristῥήγνυμι + δια: meaning 'tore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἱμάτιαgarmentN2N APN · ἱμάτιονaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
17
καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν σκηνήν οὗ ἦν Ιουδιθ καταλύουσα καὶ οὐχ εὗρεν αὐτήν καὶ ἐξεπήδησεν εἰς τὸν λαὸν καὶ ἐβόησεν
He entered the tent where Judith had been lodging, did not find her, and rushed out to the people shouting,
The missing woman confirms that the death is not accidental but the result of her escape.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verb of marital approach notice→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of marital approach notice.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνήνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative object of εἰς (the dwelling)→ object specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as accusative object of εἰς (the dwelling).
οὗwhereD · οὗadverbial or discourse-marking modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial or discourse-marking modifier.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καταλύουσαλύωV1 · παπνσφ λύω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ λύω + κατα: meaning 'λύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὗρενfindVB AAI3S · εὑρίσκωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεπήδησενleap outVAI AAI3S · πηδάω + ἐκparticipial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant actionπηδάω + ἐκ: meaning 'leap out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleN2 ASM · λαόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβόησενcry outVAI AAI3S · βοάωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristβοάω: meaning 'cry out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
18
ἠθέτησαν οἱ δοῦλοι ἐποίησεν αἰσχύνην μία γυνὴ τῶν Εβραίων εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως Ναβουχοδονοσορ ὅτι ἰδοὺ Ολοφέρνης χαμαί καὶ ἡ κεφαλὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐπ' αὐτῷ
"The slaves have dealt treacherously! One Hebrew woman has brought shame upon the house of King Nebuchadnezzar. Look, Holofernes lies on the ground and his head is not upon him!"
Bagoas interprets the event as humiliating national disgrace at the imperial level.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἠθέτησανact faithlesslyVAI AAI3P · ἀθετέωmain verbal predicate→ aorist indicative summaryἀθετέω: meaning 'act faithlessly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιdoyloiN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominal term functioning in a nom relation→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'doyloi'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a nom relation.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αἰσχύνηνNominal or adjectival form from αἰσχύνη with the sense “shame” here.N1 ASF · αἰσχύνηObject / complement→ object specificationαἰσχύνη: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from αἰσχύνη with the sense “shame” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ measure or countμία: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
γυνὴwifeN3K NSF · γυνήnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕβραίωνHebrewsN2 GPM · Εβραίοςgenitive of relation (possessive — 'God of the Hebrews')Εβραίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relation (possessive — 'God of the Hebrews').
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
χαμαίon the groundD · χαμαίconnective or modifier structuring the clause in contextχαμαί: meaning 'on the ground'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κεφαλὴheadN1 NSF · κεφαλήsubject (with ἀφῃρημένα: 'the head ... had been removed')→ participant prominenceκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as subject (with ἀφῃρημένα: 'the head ... had been removed').
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
19
ὡς δὲ ἤκουσαν ταῦτα τὰ ῥήματα οἱ ἄρχοντες τῆς δυνάμεως Ασσουρ τοὺς χιτῶνας αὐτῶν διέρρηξαν καὶ ἐταράχθη αὐτῶν ἡ ψυχὴ σφόδρα καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτῶν κραυγὴ καὶ βοὴ μεγάλη σφόδρα ἐν μέσῳ τῆς παρεμβολῆς
When the commanders of the Assyrian army heard these words, they tore their tunics, their souls were violently shaken, and there arose a very great cry and uproar in the midst of the camp.
The chapter ends with the camp's leadership undone by fear before Israel's wider attack arrives.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσανhearVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςrulersN3 NPM · ἄρχωνcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιτῶναςtunicsN3W APM · χιτώνdirect object of ποιήσεις→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileχιτών: meaning 'tunics'; it serves as direct object of ποιήσεις.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
διέρρηξανtoreVAI AAI3P · ῥήγνυμι + διαfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristῥήγνυμι + δια: meaning 'tore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐταράχθηtroubleVQI API3S · ταράσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristταράσσω: meaning 'trouble'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ψυχὴψυχή: 'soul / person'N1 NSF · ψυχήSubject / head term→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'ψυχή: 'soul'; it serves as Subject / head term.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κραυγὴcryingN1 NSF · κραυγήgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ participant prominenceκραυγή: meaning 'crying'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βοὴoutcryN1 NSF · βοήsubject of the verbless questionβοή: meaning 'outcry'; it serves as subject of the verbless question.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μέσῳμέσος: 'midst'A1 DSN · μέσοςDative complement→ dative element marking sphere, relation, or instrumentμέσος: meaning 'μέσος: 'midst'; it serves as Dative complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampN1 GSF · παρεμβολήcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as common noun within the clause.