1
ὡς δὲ ὀψία ἐγένετο ἐσπούδασαν οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ ἀναλύειν καὶ Βαγώας συνέκλεισεν τὴν σκηνὴν ἔξωθεν καὶ ἀπέκλεισεν τοὺς παρεστῶτας ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ κυρίου αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀπῴχοντο εἰς τὰς κοίτας αὐτῶν ἦσαν γὰρ πάντες κεκοπωμένοι διὰ τὸ ἐπὶ πλεῖον γεγονέναι τὸν πότον
When evening came, his servants hurried to withdraw. Bagoas shut the tent from outside, dismissed the attendants from their master's presence, and they went off to their beds, for all were exhausted because the drinking had gone on so long.
The verse clears the scene and explains why the commander is left unguarded.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀψίαeveningN1A NSF · ὀψίαnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemὀψία: meaning 'evening'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐσπούδασανhurryVAI AAI3P · σπουδάζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionσπουδάζω: meaning 'hurry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιdoyloiN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominal term functioning in a nom relation→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'doyloi'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a nom relation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀναλύεινwithdrawV1 PAN · λύω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative actionλύω + ἀνα: meaning 'withdraw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒαγώαςBagoasN1T NSM · Βαγώαςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαγώας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
συνέκλεισενshut upVAI AAI3S · κλείω + συνmain verb (divine closing of the womb)→ curse of birth and longing for deathκλείω + συν: meaning 'shut up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine closing of the womb).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἔξωθενoutsideD · ἔξωθενadverb / improper preposition + genitive (position)→ discourse linkage or contrastἔξωθεν: meaning 'outside'; here it marks the relation signaled by adverb / improper preposition + genitive (position).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκλεισενclosed upVAI AAI3S · κλείω + ἀποmain verb (divine closing of the womb)→ constative aoristκλείω + ἀπο: meaning 'closed up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine closing of the womb).
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεστῶταςstanding byVXI XAPAPM I(/STHMI PARAarticleπαρεστῶτας: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπῴχοντοwent away / departedV1I IMI3P · οἴχομαι + ἀποmain verb (the departure of the delegation)οἴχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'went away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the departure of the delegation).
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοίταςbedsN1 APF · κοίτηdirect object of ἤνεγκανκοίτη: meaning 'beds'; it serves as direct object of ἤνεγκαν.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἦσανwereV9 IAI3P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
κεκοπωμένοιwear outVM · χμπνπμ κοπόωparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveχμπνπμ κοπόω: meaning 'wear out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause or a nearby substantive.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πλεῖονmoreA3C ASN · πολύςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'more'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
γεγονέναιit came to passVX XAN · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forwardγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πότονbanquetN2 ASM · πότοςhead noun within the clause→ participantπότος: meaning 'banquet'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
2
ὑπελείφθη δὲ Ιουδιθ μόνη ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ καὶ Ολοφέρνης προπεπτωκὼς ἐπὶ τὴν κλίνην αὐτοῦ ἦν γὰρ περικεχυμένος αὐτῷ ὁ οἶνος
So Judith was left alone in the tent, while Holofernes lay sprawled on his bed, for the wine had flooded over him.
The narration narrows from the servants' departure to the crucial two figures in the chamber.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὑπελείφθηwas leftVVI API3S · λείπω + ὑποmain verb (subject: ἡ ῥάχις)→ present assertionλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'was left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (subject: ἡ ῥάχις).
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
μόνηalone / onlyA1 NSF · μόνοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentN1 DSF · σκηνήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
προπεπτωκὼςfall forwardVX · χαπνσμ πίπτω + προparticiple modifying the clause or a nearby substantiveχαπνσμ πίπτω + προ: meaning 'fall forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause or a nearby substantive.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηνcouchN1 ASF · κλίνηaccusative object / complement within the clause→ seduction, vigilance, and fatal desireκλίνη: meaning 'couch'; it serves as accusative object / complement within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περικεχυμένοςcheo + periVM · χμπνσμ χέω + περιmain or subordinate verb carrying the clause forwardχμπνσμ χέω + περι: meaning 'cheo + peri'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main or subordinate verb carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶνοςwineN2 NSM · οἶνοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
3
καὶ εἶπεν Ιουδιθ τῇ δούλῃ αὐτῆς στῆναι ἔξω τοῦ κοιτῶνος αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπιτηρεῖν τὴν ἔξοδον αὐτῆς καθάπερ καθ' ἡμέραν ἐξελεύσεσθαι γὰρ ἔφη ἐπὶ τὴν προσευχὴν αὐτῆς καὶ τῷ Βαγώᾳ ἐλάλησεν κατὰ τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα
Judith told her maid to stand outside her bedchamber and watch for her exit, as on every day, for she said that she was going out for prayer; and she spoke the same words to Bagoas.
Judith keeps her earlier routine intact so that her movement will not appear suspicious.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλῃservantN1 DSF · δούληdative indirect object (of δῷς)δούλη: meaning 'servant'; it serves as dative indirect object (of δῷς).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
στῆναιset up / placeVH AAN · ἵστημιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival complementἵστημι: meaning 'set up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἔξωexoP · ἔξωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ relationἔξω: meaning 'exo'; it shapes the relation of its complement within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιτῶνοςbedchamberN3W GSM · κοιτώνgenitive of description (the bedchamber)→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationκοιτών: meaning 'bedchamber'; it serves as genitive of description (the bedchamber).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιτηρεῖνkeep watchV2 PAN · τηρέω + ἐπιverbal infinitive expressing purpose, result, or attendant actionτηρέω + ἐπι: meaning 'keep watch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal infinitive expressing purpose, result, or attendant action.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔξοδονgoing outN2 ASF · ἔξοδοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ whirlwind questions and cosmic foundationsἔξοδος: meaning 'going out'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καθάπερjust asD · καθάπερadverbial or discourse-level modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθάπερ: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐξελεύσεσθαιwent outVF FMN · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forwardἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔφηdeclareV6I IAI3S · φημίmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative actionφημί: meaning 'declare'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχὴνproseycheN1 ASF · προσευχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπροσευχή: meaning 'proseyche'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαγώᾳBagoasN1T DSM · Βαγώαςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαγώᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
4
καὶ ἀπήλθοσαν πάντες ἐκ προσώπου καὶ οὐδεὶς κατελείφθη ἐν τῷ κοιτῶνι ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου καὶ στᾶσα Ιουδιθ παρὰ τὴν κλίνην αὐτοῦ εἶπεν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτῆς κύριε ὁ θεὸς πάσης δυνάμεως ἐπίβλεψον ἐν τῇ ὥρᾳ ταύτῃ ἐπὶ τὰ ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν μου εἰς ὕψωμα Ιερουσαλημ
When everyone had gone out and no one from small to great remained in the chamber, Judith stood beside his bed and said in her heart, 'Lord, God of all power, look at the works of my hands at this hour for the exaltation of Jerusalem.'
The private prayer marks the action as an appeal for divine aid on behalf of the city.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπήλθοσανthey departedVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἀποmain verb (departure)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἀπο: meaning 'they departed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (departure).
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐδεὶςno oneA3 NSM · οὐδείςhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ participant prominenceοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
κατελείφθηthey leftVVI API3S · λείπω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + κατα: meaning 'they left'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κοιτῶνιbedchamberN3N DSM · κοιτώνdative of place ('in his bedchamber')κοιτών: meaning 'bedchamber'; it serves as dative of place ('in his bedchamber').
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μικροῦsmallA1A GSM · μικρόςgenitive substantive (first pole of merism: 'from the least')→ relational specificationμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as genitive substantive (first pole of merism: 'from the least').
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στᾶσαhistemiVH · ααπνσφ ἵστημιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal senseααπνσφ ἵστημι: meaning 'histemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηνcouchN1 ASF · κλίνηaccusative object / complement within the clause→ seduction, vigilance, and fatal desireκλίνη: meaning 'couch'; it serves as accusative object / complement within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςadjectival modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival modifier.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐπίβλεψονlookVA AAD2S · βλέπω + ἐπιmain verb (command)→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (command).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὥρᾳoraN1A DSF · ὥραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceὥρα: meaning 'ora'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ταύτῃthisRD DSF · οὗτοςdemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestταύτῃ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive (source of the works)→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive (source of the works).
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὕψωμαexaltationN3M ASN · ὕψωμαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseὕψωμα: meaning 'exaltation'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
5
ὅτι νῦν καιρὸς ἀντιλαβέσθαι τῆς κληρονομίας σου καὶ ποιῆσαι τὸ ἐπιτήδευμά μου εἰς θραῦσμα ἐχθρῶν οἳ ἐπανέστησαν ἡμῖν
'For now is the time to help your inheritance and to carry out my plan for the crushing of the enemies who have risen against us.'
Her prayer names both the urgency of the hour and the covenantal reason for acting.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καιρὸςtimeN2 NSM · καιρόςcommon noun within the clause→ appointed times and creaturely limitsκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἀντιλαβέσθαιhelp / supportVB AMN · λαμβάνω + ἀντιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ infinitival complementλαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'help'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κληρονομίαςκληρονομία: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.N1A GSF · κληρονομίαGenitive modifier→ relational specificationκληρονομία: meaning 'κληρονομία: noun used for the clause's participant, object, place, office, or abstract idea as context requires.'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτήδευμάepitedeymatonN3M ASN · ἐπιτήδευμαnominal term functioning in a gen relationἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'epitedeymaton'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θραῦσμαNominal or adjectival form from θραῦσμα with the sense “breakage” here.N3M ASN · θραῦσμαSubject / head termθραῦσμα: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from θραῦσμα with the sense “breakage” here.'; it serves as Subject / head term.
ἐχθρῶνἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.A1A GPM · ἐχθρόςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐπανέστησανhad failed / risen upVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀναmain verb (Eli's eyes grow dim)→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἐπι + ἀνα: meaning 'had failed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Eli's eyes grow dim).
ἡμῖνIRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
6
καὶ προσελθοῦσα τῷ κανόνι τῆς κλίνης ὃς ἦν πρὸς κεφαλῆς Ολοφέρνου καθεῖλεν τὸν ἀκινάκην αὐτοῦ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ
Then she went to the bedpost near Holofernes' head and took down his scimitar from it.
The narrative shifts from invocation to the concrete instrument of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσελθοῦσαcoming forwardVB · ααπνσφ ἔρχομαι + προςcircumstantial participle (attendant: 'having approached')ααπνσφ ἔρχομαι + προς: meaning 'coming forward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle (attendant: 'having approached').
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κανόνιbedpostN3N DSM · κανώνdative term functioning as complement, recipient, or referenceκανών: meaning 'bedpost'; it serves as dative term functioning as complement, recipient, or reference.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηςbier / bedN1 GSF · κλίνηgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationκλίνη: meaning 'bier'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
κεφαλῆςkephaleN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'kephale'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καθεῖλενtore down / demolishedVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + καταmain verb (demolition of the wall)→ constative aoristαἱρέω + κατα: meaning 'tore down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (demolition of the wall).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκινάκηνscimitarN1M ASM · ἀκινάκηςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalἀκινάκης: meaning 'scimitar'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
7
καὶ ἐγγίσασα τῆς κλίνης ἐδράξατο τῆς κόμης τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπεν κραταίωσόν με κύριε ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ
Coming close to the bed, she seized the hair of his head and said, 'Strengthen me today, Lord God of Israel.'
A final spoken appeal accompanies the physical act of taking hold of him.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγγίσασαcome nearVA · ααπνσφ ἐγγίζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseααπνσφ ἐγγίζω: meaning 'come near'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηςbier / bedN1 GSF · κλίνηgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationκλίνη: meaning 'bier'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἐδράξατοhaving taken a handfulVAI AMI3S · δράσσομαιcircumstantial (temporal) participle (subject = the priest of ἐπιθήσει)δράσσομαι: meaning 'having taken a handful'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial (temporal) participle (subject = the priest of ἐπιθήσει).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόμηςhairN1 GSF · κόμηobject of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationκόμη: meaning 'hair'; it serves as object of ἐκ (source).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῆςkephaleN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'kephale'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κραταίωσόνgrow strong / prevailVA AAD2S · κραταιόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseκραταιόω: meaning 'grow strong'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ταύτῃthisRD DSF · οὗτοςdemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestταύτῃ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ).
8
καὶ ἐπάταξεν εἰς τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ δὶς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύι αὐτῆς καὶ ἀφεῖλεν τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ ἀπ' αὐτοῦ
She struck his neck twice with all her strength and cut his head off from him.
The decisive blow is narrated with terse force and no ornamental delay.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράχηλονneckN2 ASM · τράχηλοςaccusative object of ἐπί ('upon their neck')→ object specificationτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as accusative object of ἐπί ('upon their neck').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
δὶςtwiceD · δίςadverb of number (modifying ὀφθέντος)→ theophanic vengeance and announced downfallδίς: meaning 'twice'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφεῖλεν+ apoVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning '+ apo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
9
καὶ ἀπεκύλισε τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς στρωμνῆς καὶ ἀφεῖλε τὸ κωνώπιον ἀπὸ τῶν στύλων καὶ μετ' ὀλίγον ἐξῆλθεν καὶ παρέδωκεν τῇ ἅβρᾳ αὐτῆς τὴν κεφαλὴν Ολοφέρνου
She rolled his body off the bedding, removed the canopy from the posts, and a little later came out and handed Holofernes' head to her maid.
The corpse is stripped of its royal display while the proof of victory is transferred for escape.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεκύλισεroll awayVAI AAI3S · κυλίω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκυλίω + ἀπο: meaning 'roll away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στρωμνῆςcoverletsN1 GSF · στρωμνήhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationστρωμνή: meaning 'coverlets'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφεῖλεremoveVBI AAI3S · αἱρέω + ἀποparticipial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant actionαἱρέω + ἀπο: meaning 'remove'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supplying circumstance, cause, manner, or attendant action.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κωνώπιονcanopyN2N ASN · κωνώπιονhead noun or nominal element within the clauseκωνώπιον: meaning 'canopy'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στύλωνpillarN2 GPM · στῦλοςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or descriptionστῦλος: meaning 'pillar'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὀλίγονa littleA1 ASN · ὀλίγοςattributive adjective (modifying ὕδωρ)→ prudence, diligence, and shunning follyὀλίγος: meaning 'a little'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying ὕδωρ).
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέδωκενto hand overVAI AAI3S · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅβρᾳmaidservantN1A DSF · ἅβραnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierἅβρα: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
10
καὶ ἐνέβαλεν αὐτὴν εἰς τὴν πήραν τῶν βρωμάτων αὐτῆς καὶ ἐξῆλθον αἱ δύο ἅμα κατὰ τὸν ἐθισμὸν αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν προσευχήν καὶ διελθοῦσαι τὴν παρεμβολὴν ἐκύκλωσαν τὴν φάραγγα ἐκείνην καὶ προσανέβησαν τὸ ὄρος Βαιτυλουα καὶ ἤλθοσαν πρὸς τὰς πύλας αὐτῆς
She put it into the bag for their food, and the two women went out together according to their custom for prayer. Passing through the camp, they circled the ravine, went up the mountain of Bethulia, and came to its gates.
The familiar pattern of nightly prayer becomes the cover for returning with the enemy's head.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέβαλενcast / cut inVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + ἐνmain verb→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐν: meaning 'cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πήρανbagN1A ASF · πήραhead noun or nominal element within the clauseπήρα: meaning 'bag'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βρωμάτωνfoodsN3M GPN · βρῶμαgenitive after ἀπό (from all the foods)→ relational specificationβρῶμα: meaning 'foods'; it serves as genitive after ἀπό (from all the foods).
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθον+ ekVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning '+ ek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
δύοtwoM · δύοcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastδύο: meaning 'two'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἅμαat the same time / perhapsD · ἅμαadverb→ discourse linkage or contrastἅμα: meaning 'at the same time'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐθισμὸνcustomN2 ASM · ἐθισμόςaccusative object of κατάἐθισμός: meaning 'custom'; it serves as accusative object of κατά.
αὐτῶνhis/theirRD GPF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier or resumptive dependent→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier or resumptive dependent.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχήνprayerN1 ASF · προσευχήaccusative (anticipating the object of εἰσακούσῃ in v. 39)→ object specificationπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as accusative (anticipating the object of εἰσακούσῃ in v. 39).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διελθοῦσαιpass throughVB · ααπνπφ ἔρχομαι + διαfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseααπνπφ ἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολὴνcampN1 ASF · παρεμβολήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ content focusπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐκύκλωσανsurroundVAI AAI3P · κυκλόωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aorist of fortificationκυκλόω: meaning 'surround'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγγαvalley / ravineN3G ASF · φάραγξdirect object / locative (place of assembly)→ object specificationφάραγξ: meaning 'valley'; it serves as direct object / locative (place of assembly).
ἐκείνηνhe, she, itRD ASF · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal modifier / argument→ nominal, pronominal, or adjectival contribution to the oracle's imagery and argumentἐκείνην: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσανέβησανgo upVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + προς + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionβαίνω + προς + ἀνα: meaning 'go up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςorosN3E ASN · ὄροςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'oros'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
ΒαιτυλουαBethuliaN GSF · Βαιτυλουαproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαιτυλουα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤλθοσανcome / goVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαιfinite verbal predicate carrying the clause action→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal predicate carrying the clause action.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύλαςgatesN1 APF · πύληcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
11
καὶ εἶπεν Ιουδιθ μακρόθεν τοῖς φυλάσσουσιν ἐπὶ τῶν πυλῶν ἀνοίξατε ἀνοίξατε δὴ τὴν πύλην μεθ' ἡμῶν ὁ θεὸς ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ποιῆσαι ἔτι ἰσχὺν ἐν Ισραηλ καὶ κράτος κατὰ τῶν ἐχθρῶν καθὰ καὶ σήμερον ἐποίησεν
From a distance Judith called to the guards at the gates, 'Open, open the gate at once; God, our God, is with us to show strength still in Israel and power against the enemies, just as he has done today.'
Judith interprets the victory before entering the city and summons the gatekeepers accordingly.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
μακρόθενfrom far awayD · μακρόθενparticle or discourse marker shaping the flow of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastμακρόθεν: meaning 'from far away'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάσσουσινphylassoV1 · παπδπμ φυλάσσωparticiple contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'phylasso'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant circumstance, manner, or description.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πυλῶνgatesN1 GPF · πύληhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationπύλη: meaning 'gates'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἀνοίξατεopenVA AAD2P · οἴγω + ἀναmain verb (imperative)→ imperative force directing the hearer to actοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (imperative).
ἀνοίξατεopenVA AAD2P · οἴγω + ἀναmain verb (imperative)→ imperative force directing the hearer to actοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (imperative).
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
ἔτιstill / moreoverD · ἔτιadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'still'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN DSM · Ἰσραήλsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κράτοςκράτος: 'strength / might / dominion'N3E ASN · κράτοςObject / complement→ object specificationκράτος: meaning 'κράτος: 'strength'; it serves as Object / complement.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρῶνἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.A1A GPM · ἐχθρόςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
καθὰκαθά: 'as'D · καθάAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: meaning 'καθά: 'as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
καὶandD · καίadverbial particle qualifying the assertion→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
12
καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἤκουσαν οἱ ἄνδρες τῆς πόλεως αὐτῆς τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῆς ἐσπούδασαν τοῦ καταβῆναι ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τῆς πόλεως αὐτῶν καὶ συνεκάλεσαν τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους τῆς πόλεως
When the men of her city heard her voice, they hurried down to the city gate and called together the elders of the city.
The city answers her cry with immediate civic gathering.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἤκουσανhearVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φωνὴνphoneN1 ASF · φωνήhead noun within the clause→ object specificationφωνή: meaning 'phone'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐσπούδασανhurryVAI AAI3P · σπουδάζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionσπουδάζω: meaning 'hurry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταβῆναιwent downVZ AAN · βαίνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ infinitival complementβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνεκάλεσανsummon togetherVAI AAI3P · καλέω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκαλέω + συν: meaning 'summon together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςeldersA1A APM · πρεσβύτεροςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elders'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
13
καὶ συνέδραμον πάντες ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου αὐτῶν ὅτι παράδοξον ἦν αὐτοῖς τὸ ἐλθεῖν αὐτήν καὶ ἤνοιξαν τὴν πύλην καὶ ὑπεδέξαντο αὐτὰς καὶ ἅψαντες πῦρ εἰς φαῦσιν περιεκύκλωσαν αὐτάς
Everyone ran together, from small to great, because her arrival seemed astonishing to them; they opened the gate, welcomed the women, lit a fire for light, and gathered around them.
Bethulia receives Judith as the astonishing bearer of unexpected deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέδραμονrun togetherVBI AAI3P · τρέχω + συνmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτρέχω + συν: meaning 'run together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μικροῦsmallA1A GSM · μικρόςgenitive substantive (first pole of merism: 'from the least')→ relational specificationμικρός: meaning 'small'; it serves as genitive substantive (first pole of merism: 'from the least').
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
μεγάλουgreatA1 GSM · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράδοξονastonishingN2 ASM · παράδοξοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goalπαράδοξος: meaning 'astonishing'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤνοιξανthey openedVAI AAI3P · οἴγω + ἀναverb of causal clause (negated)→ constative aoristοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'they opened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of causal clause (negated).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπεδέξαντοreceiveVAI AMI3P · δέχομαι + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionδέχομαι + ὑπο: meaning 'receive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἅψαντεςtouchedVA · ααπνπμ ἅπτωverb of relative clause (takes genitive)ααπνπμ ἅπτω: meaning 'touched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause (takes genitive).
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
φαῦσινshiningN3I ASF · φαῦσιςaccusative of purpose (first purpose: illumination of earth)→ object specificationφαῦσις: meaning 'shining'; it serves as accusative of purpose (first purpose: illumination of earth).
περιεκύκλωσανthey surroundedVAI AAI3P · κυκλόω + περιmain verbκυκλόω + περι: meaning 'they surrounded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
αὐτάςhisRD APF · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὐτάς: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
14
ἡ δὲ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς φωνῇ μεγάλῃ αἰνεῖτε τὸν θεόν αἰνεῖτε αἰνεῖτε τὸν θεόν ὃς οὐκ ἀπέστησεν τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου Ισραηλ ἀλλ' ἔθραυσε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ἡμῶν διὰ χειρός μου ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ταύτῃ
Then she said to them in a loud voice, 'Praise God, praise him, praise God, who has not withdrawn his mercy from the house of Israel but has shattered our enemies by my hand this night.'
Judith frames the victory as God's mercy enacted through her agency.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
δὲbutX · δέpostpositive particle shaping clause relation→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
πρὸςto / towardP · πρόςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
φωνῇvoiceN1 DSF · φωνήdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceφωνή: meaning 'voice'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
μεγάλῃμέγας: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.A1 DSF · μέγαςDative complement→ sphere or referenceμέγας: meaning 'μέγας: a nominal term used here in the chapter's administrative, liturgical, genealogical, or covenantal discourse.'; it serves as Dative complement.
αἰνεῖτεpraiseV2 PAD2P · αἰνέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰνέω: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αἰνεῖτεpraiseV2 PAD2P · αἰνέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰνέω: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αἰνεῖτεpraiseV2 PAD2P · αἰνέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰνέω: meaning 'praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπέστησενhe removedVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποmain verb (the partial reform: removing the pillars)→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'he removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the partial reform: removing the pillars).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθραυσεwas crushed / brokenVAI AAI3S · θραύωverb of causal clauseθραύω: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of causal clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςenemyA1A APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
χειρόςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νυκτὶnightN3 DSF · νύξdative of time→ sphere or referenceνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as dative of time.
ταύτῃthisRD DSF · οὗτοςdemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestταύτῃ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ).
15
καὶ προελοῦσα τὴν κεφαλὴν ἐκ τῆς πήρας ἔδειξεν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ἰδοὺ ἡ κεφαλὴ Ολοφέρνου ἀρχιστρατήγου δυνάμεως Ασσουρ καὶ ἰδοὺ τὸ κωνώπιον ἐν ᾧ κατέκειτο ἐν ταῖς μέθαις αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν ὁ κύριος ἐν χειρὶ θηλείας
Drawing the head out of the bag, she showed it and said to them, 'Behold the head of Holofernes, commander-in-chief of the Assyrian army, and behold the canopy under which he lay in his drunkenness. The Lord struck him down by the hand of a woman.'
The displayed trophies authenticate her report and sharpen the irony of the reversal.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προελοῦσαdraw outVB · ααπνσφ αἱρέω + προmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionααπνσφ αἱρέω + προ: meaning 'draw out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πήραςbagN1A GSF · πήραhead noun or nominal element within the clauseπήρα: meaning 'bag'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ἔδειξενshowVAI AAI3S · δεικνύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristδεικνύω: meaning 'show'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κεφαλὴheadN1 NSF · κεφαλήsubject (with ἀφῃρημένα: 'the head ... had been removed')→ participant prominenceκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as subject (with ἀφῃρημένα: 'the head ... had been removed').
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἀρχιστρατήγουcommander-in-chiefN2 GSM · ἀρχιστράτηγοςgenitive in apposition to Σισαραἀρχιστράτηγος: meaning 'commander-in-chief'; it serves as genitive in apposition to Σισαρα.
δυνάμεωςforce / powerN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'force'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κωνώπιονcanopyN2N NSN · κωνώπιονhead noun or nominal element within the clauseκωνώπιον: meaning 'canopy'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ᾧwhich / whoRR DSN · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατέκειτοlieV5I IMI3S · κεῖμαι + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ darkness, fear, and imprisoned conscienceκεῖμαι + κατα: meaning 'lie'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μέθαιςdrunkennessRR DPF · μέθηdative term functioning as complement, recipient, or referenceμέθη: meaning 'drunkenness'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάταξενstruck / killedVAI AAI3S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'struck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
χειρὶhandN3 DSF · χείρdative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative substantive marking sphere, means, reference, or location.
θηλείαςNominal or adjectival form from θῆλυς with the sense “female” here.A3U GSF · θῆλυςGenitive modifierθῆλυς: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from θῆλυς with the sense “female” here.'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
16
καὶ ζῇ κύριος ὃς διεφύλαξέν με ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ μου ᾗ ἐπορεύθην ὅτι ἠπάτησεν αὐτὸν τὸ πρόσωπόν μου εἰς ἀπώλειαν αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησεν ἁμάρτημα μετ' ἐμοῦ εἰς μίασμα καὶ αἰσχύνην
'As the Lord lives, who kept me on the path by which I went, my face deceived him to his destruction, yet he committed no sin with me, to defile me or bring me shame.'
Judith clarifies that her beauty became the means of judgment without moral compromise on her part.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζῇliveV3 PAS3S · ζάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseζάω: meaning 'live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
διεφύλαξένkeptVAI AAI3S · φυλάσσω + διαverbal element carrying the clause's action or processφυλάσσω + δια: meaning 'kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδῷwayN2 DSF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ sphere or referenceὁδῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ᾗᾗRR DSF · ὅςnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ participant reference or interestὅς: meaning 'ᾗ'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐπορεύθηνporeyomaiVCI API1S · πορεύομαιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ constative aoristπορεύομαι: meaning 'poreyomai'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠπάτησενpersuade / deceiveVAI AAI3S · ἀπατάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἀπατάω: meaning 'persuade'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N NSN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participantπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
μουIRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative object / complement within the clause→ object specificationἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative object / complement within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἁμάρτημαsinN3M ASN · ἁμάρτημαsubject of ἔστινἁμάρτημα: meaning 'sin'; it serves as subject of ἔστιν.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦI / meRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
μίασμαNominal or adjectival form from μίασμα with the sense “defilement” here.N3M ASN · μίασμαObject / complementμίασμα: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from μίασμα with the sense “defilement” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχύνηνNominal or adjectival form from αἰσχύνη with the sense “shame” here.N1 ASF · αἰσχύνηObject / complement→ object specificationαἰσχύνη: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from αἰσχύνη with the sense “shame” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
17
καὶ ἐξέστη πᾶς ὁ λαὸς σφόδρα καὶ κύψαντες προσεκύνησαν τῷ θεῷ καὶ εἶπαν ὁμοθυμαδόν εὐλογητὸς εἶ ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν ὁ ἐξουδενώσας ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ σήμερον τοὺς ἐχθροὺς τοῦ λαοῦ σου
All the people were utterly astonished, and bowing low they worshiped God and said with one accord, 'Blessed are you, our God, who on this day have brought the enemies of your people to nothing.'
The community's first answer is worship before further speech or strategy.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέστηwas carried awayVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκmain verb (the brothers' heart-reaction — 'their heart left them')→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'was carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the brothers' heart-reaction — 'their heart left them').
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύψαντεςbowingVA · ααπνπμ κύπτωattendant-circumstance participle (preliminary bow)→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ κύπτω: meaning 'bowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attendant-circumstance participle (preliminary bow).
προσεκύνησανworshipVAI AAI3P · κυνέω + προςfinite verb advancing the clause→ perfectiveκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὁμοθυμαδόνParticle, preposition, adverb, or indeclinable element meaning “ὁμοθυμαδόν” here.D · ὁμοθυμαδόνAdverbial modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastὁμοθυμαδόν: meaning 'Particle, preposition, adverb, or indeclinable element meaning “ὁμοθυμαδόν” here.'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
εὐλογητὸςευλογητοςA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceεὐλογητός: meaning 'ευλογητος'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξουδενώσαςἐκVA · ααπνσμ οὐδενέω + ἐκfinite verb advancing the clauseααπνσμ οὐδενέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονadverb or adverbial expression modifying the clause or predicate→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςenemyA1A APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
18
καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Οζιας εὐλογητὴ σύ θύγατερ τῷ θεῷ τῷ ὑψίστῳ παρὰ πάσας τὰς γυναῖκας τὰς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ εὐλογημένος κύριος ὁ θεός ὃς ἔκτισεν τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ τὴν γῆν ὃς κατεύθυνέν σε εἰς τραῦμα κεφαλῆς ἄρχοντος ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν
Uzziah said to her, 'Blessed are you, daughter, by the Most High God above all the women on the earth; and blessed is the Lord God, who created the heavens and the earth, who guided you to strike the head of the leader of our enemies.'
The elder interprets Judith's deed in liturgical blessing directed both to her and to God.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
αὐτῇthisRD DSF · αὐτόςdemonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative element specifying the noun or phrase.
ΟζιαςUzziahN NSM · ΟζιαςProper name within the clause→ participant identificationΟζιας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as Proper name within the clause.
εὐλογητὴευλογητοςA1 NSF · εὐλογητόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierεὐλογητός: meaning 'ευλογητος'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
σύyouRP NS · σύnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
θύγατερdaughterN3R VSF · θυγάτηρvocative of endearmentθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as vocative of endearment.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑψίστῳMost HighA1 DSM · ὕψιστοςdative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object→ sphere or referenceὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as dative term marking reference, means, location, or indirect object.
παρὰbeside / byP · παράpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'beside'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλογημένοςblessVM · χμπνσμ εὐλογέωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ verbal action or stateχμπνσμ εὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἔκτισενcreatedVAI AAI3S · κτίζωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristκτίζω: meaning 'created'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοὺςheavensN2 APM · οὐρανόςaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heavens'; it serves as accusative object of εἰς.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
κατεύθυνένestablish / directV1 PAI3S · εὐθύνω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseεὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'establish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τραῦμαNominal or adjectival form from τραῦμα with the sense “τραῦμα” here.N3M ASN · τραῦμαObject / complement→ object specificationτραῦμα: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from τραῦμα with the sense “τραῦμα” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
κεφαλῆςkephaleN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'kephale'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
ἄρχοντοςcommanderN3 GSM · ἄρχωνgenitive (defining γραμματέα: 'scribe of the commander')→ relational specificationἄρχων: meaning 'commander'; it serves as genitive (defining γραμματέα: 'scribe of the commander').
ἐχθρῶνἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.A1A GPM · ἐχθρόςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'ἐχθρός: lexical item rendered 'enemy' in this chapter's immediate context.'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
19
ὅτι οὐκ ἀποστήσεται ἡ ἐλπίς σου ἀπὸ καρδίας ἀνθρώπων μνημονευόντων ἰσχὺν θεοῦ ἕως αἰῶνος
'For your hope will not depart from human hearts that remember the might of God forever.'
Judith's faith becomes an enduring memorial of divine power for future generations.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀποστήσεταιshall departVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀποmain verb (sentence: the sword's permanence)→ futureἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'shall depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (sentence: the sword's permanence).
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominal element within the genealogical notice→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἐλπίςhopeN3D NSF · ἐλπίςnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
καρδίαςheartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive dependent→ relational specificationκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἀνθρώπωνman / human beingN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μνημονευόντωνrememberV1 · παπγπμ μνημονεύωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal forceπαπγπμ μνημονεύω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ἰσχὺνstrengthN3 ASF · ἰσχύςnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
20
καὶ ποιήσαι σοι αὐτὰ ὁ θεὸς εἰς ὕψος αἰώνιον τοῦ ἐπισκέψασθαί σε ἐν ἀγαθοῖς ἀνθ' ὧν οὐκ ἐφείσω τῆς ψυχῆς σου διὰ τὴν ταπείνωσιν τοῦ γένους ἡμῶν ἀλλ' ἐπεξῆλθες τῷ πτώματι ἡμῶν ἐπ' εὐθεῖαν πορευθεῖσα ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν καὶ εἶπαν πᾶς ὁ λαός γένοιτο γένοιτο
'May God grant this to you for everlasting exaltation, visiting you with good things, because you did not spare your life on account of the humiliation of our race, but went straight before our God to confront our collapse.' And all the people said, 'Amen, amen.'
The final blessing turns into a communal prayer sealing Judith's act with public assent.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσαιmay he doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ aorist aspect: presents the action as a wholeποιέω: meaning 'may he do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
σοιto youRP DS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
αὐτὰhe / him / hisRD APN · αὐτόςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceαὐτὰ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εἰςinto/toP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ὕψοςheightN3E ASN · ὕψοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationὕψος: meaning 'height'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αἰώνιονeverlastingA1B ASN · αἰώνιοςattributive adjective (with νόμιμον)→ object specificationαἰώνιος: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as attributive adjective (with νόμιμον).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισκέψασθαίskeptomai + epiVA AMN · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clauseσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'skeptomai + epi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀγαθοῖςgoodA1 DPM · ἀγαθόςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἀνθ'instead of / in place ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀνθ': meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ὧνwhichRR GPM · ὅςrelative pronoun→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφείσωyou have withheldVAI AMI2S · φείδομαιmain verb of second ground clause→ patient judgment and the character of divine ruleφείδομαι: meaning 'you have withheld'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of second ground clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῆςlife / soulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive governed by ἀντί→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive governed by ἀντί.
σουyouRP GS · σύgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταπείνωσινtapeinosinN3I ASF · ταπείνωσιςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ messianic reversal and covenant remembranceταπείνωσις: meaning 'tapeinosin'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένουςγένος: 'race'N3E GSN · γένοςGenitive modifier→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'γένος: 'race'; it serves as Genitive modifier.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεξῆλθεςgo forth againstVBI AAI2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐπι + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionἔρχομαι + ἐπι + ἐκ: meaning 'go forth against'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτώματιNominal or adjectival form from πτῶμα with the sense “fallen body” here.N3M DSN · πτῶμαObject / complement→ sphere or referenceπτῶμα: meaning 'Nominal or adjectival form from πτῶμα with the sense “fallen body” here.'; it serves as Object / complement.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εὐθεῖανstraight / uprightA3U ASF · εὐθύςattributive adjective (modifying ὁδὸν: 'the straight way')→ object specificationεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying ὁδὸν: 'the straight way').
πορευθεῖσαgoVC · αππνσφ πορεύομαιmovement predicateαππνσφ πορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as movement predicate.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἡμῶνIRP GP · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the next item or clause→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
γένοιτοso be it / AmenVB AMO3S · γίγνομαιmain verb of the people's response (optative of wish)→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'so be it'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the people's response (optative of wish).
γένοιτοso be it / AmenVB AMO3S · γίγνομαιmain verb of the people's response (optative of wish)→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'so be it'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the people's response (optative of wish).