1
καὶ ἐκέλευσεν εἰσαγαγεῖν αὐτὴν οὗ ἐτίθετο τὰ ἀργυρώματα αὐτοῦ καὶ συνέταξεν καταστρῶσαι αὐτῇ ἀπὸ τῶν ὀψοποιημάτων αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ οἴνου αὐτοῦ πίνειν
Then he ordered that she be brought in where his silverware was kept, and he directed that a place be spread for her from his own delicacies and that she drink from his own wine.
Holofernes extends luxurious hospitality as a sign of favor and attempted incorporation.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκέλευσενkept exhortingVAI AAI3S · κελεύωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristκελεύω: meaning 'kept exhorting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
εἰσαγαγεῖνto bring inVB AAN · ἄγω + εἰςcomplementary infinitive (with δύνασθαι)→ infinitival complementἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'to bring in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (with δύνασθαι).
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
οὗwhereD · οὗpronoun in genitival dependence→ discourse linkage or contrastοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐτίθετοtithemiV7I IMI3S · τίθημιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionτίθημι: meaning 'tithemi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργυρώματαsilverwareN3M APN · ἀργύρωμαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseἀργύρωμα: meaning 'silverware'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέταξενcommandedVAI AAI3S · τάσσω + συνverb of comparative clause (obedience-formula)→ constative aoristτάσσω + συν: meaning 'commanded'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of comparative clause (obedience-formula).
καταστρῶσαιspreadVA AAN · στρώννυμι + καταverbal element carrying the clause's action or processστρώννυμι + κατα: meaning 'spread'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀψοποιημάτωνdelicaciesN3M GPN · ὀψοποίημαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseὀψοποίημα: meaning 'delicacies'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πίνεινdrinkV1 PAN · πίνωinfinitive expressing purpose, content, or complementary action→ purposeπίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, content, or complementary action.
2
καὶ εἶπεν Ιουδιθ οὐ φάγομαι ἐξ αὐτῶν ἵνα μὴ γένηται σκάνδαλον ἀλλ' ἐκ τῶν ἠκολουθηκότων μοι χορηγηθήσεται
But Judith said, 'I will not eat from them, lest it become a stumbling block; rather, what has accompanied me will be supplied.'
She courteously refuses the general's table so that she may maintain ritual integrity without exposing her larger intention.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φάγομαιwill eatVF FMI1S · ἐσθίωmain verb of quoted speech (the desire stated)→ futureἐσθίω: meaning 'will eat'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of quoted speech (the desire stated).
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αὐτῶνthemRD GPN · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναpurpose conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
γένηταιbecome / happenVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
σκάνδαλονstumbling-block / trapN2N NSN · σκάνδαλονpredicate accusative (with εἰς: what the gods become)→ participant prominenceσκάνδαλον: meaning 'stumbling-block'; it serves as predicate accusative (with εἰς: what the gods become).
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἠκολουθηκότωνaccompaniedVX · χαπγπν ἀκολουθέωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processχαπγπν ἀκολουθέω: meaning 'accompanied'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώdative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
χορηγηθήσεταιto supplyVC FPI3S · χορηγέωinfinitive of purpose (function of the prefects)χορηγέω: meaning 'to supply'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (function of the prefects).
3
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὴν Ολοφέρνης ἐὰν δὲ ἐκλίπῃ τὰ ὄντα μετὰ σοῦ πόθεν ἐξοίσομέν σοι δοῦναι ὅμοια αὐτοῖς οὐ γάρ ἐστιν μεθ' ἡμῶν ἐκ τοῦ γένους σου
And Holofernes said to her, 'If the things with you run out, from where shall we bring you similar things to give you? For there is no one with us from your people.'
His question acknowledges Judith's separateness even while he tries to make accommodation.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἐὰνifD · ἐάνconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)ἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲandX · δέtransitional particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλίπῃfailVB AAS3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause's action or process→ subjunctive contingencyλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνταontaV9 · παπνπν εἰμίparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileπαπνπν εἰμί: meaning 'onta'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
πόθενwhere fromD · πόθενinterrogative adverb (source)→ discourse linkage or contrastπόθεν: meaning 'where from'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐξοίσομένbrought outVF FAI1P · φέρω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
δοῦναιgiveVO AAN · δίδωμιinfinitive complement within the clause→ infinitival complementδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement within the clause.
ὅμοιαlike onesA1A APN · ὅμοιοςsubstantival adjective (kind-extension)→ object specificationὅμοιος: meaning 'like ones'; it serves as substantival adjective (kind-extension).
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPN · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γάρforX · γάρexplanatory conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένουςrace / people / stockN3E GSN · γένοςgenitive of relation (the scribes who belong to Israel's people)→ relational specificationγένος: meaning 'race'; it serves as genitive of relation (the scribes who belong to Israel's people).
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
4
καὶ εἶπεν Ιουδιθ πρὸς αὐτόν ζῇ ἡ ψυχή σου κύριέ μου ὅτι οὐ δαπανήσει ἡ δούλη σου τὰ ὄντα μετ' ἐμοῦ ἕως ἂν ποιήσῃ κύριος ἐν χειρί μου ἃ ἐβουλεύσατο
And Judith said to him, 'As your life lives, my lord, your slave will not use up the things with me until the Lord has done by my hand what he has determined.'
Judith answers with a vow-like confidence that her mission will be completed before her provisions fail.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ζῇliveV3 PAS3S · ζάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseζάω: meaning 'live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoul / personN1 NSF · ψυχήcasus pendens subject (resumed by ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη)→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as casus pendens subject (resumed by ἡ ψυχὴ ἐκείνη).
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κύριέO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative of addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative of address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δαπανήσειuse upVF FAI3S · δαπανάωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processδαπανάω: meaning 'use up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληslaveN1 NSF · δούληnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierδούλη: meaning 'slave'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνταontaV9 · παπαπν εἰμίparticipial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileπαπαπν εἰμί: meaning 'onta'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form qualifying an action, agent, or circumstance.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦI / meRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσῃoffers / makesVA AAS3S · ποιέωverb of indefinite relative clause (protasis)→ verbal formποιέω: meaning 'offers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of indefinite relative clause (protasis).
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
χειρίhandN3 DSF · χείρdative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐβουλεύσατοtook counselVAI AMI3S · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionβουλεύω: meaning 'took counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
5
καὶ ἠγάγοσαν αὐτὴν οἱ θεράποντες Ολοφέρνου εἰς τὴν σκηνήν καὶ ὕπνωσεν μέχρι μεσούσης τῆς νυκτός καὶ ἀνέστη πρὸς τὴν ἑωθινὴν φυλακήν
Then the servants of Holofernes brought her into the tent, and she slept until the middle watch of the night; then she arose toward the morning watch.
The narrative slows to show Judith establishing a disciplined rhythm within enemy territory.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠγάγοσανbringVBI AAI3P · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ aoristic force presenting the action as a discrete event in the court narrativeἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεράποντεςservants / courtiers / royal ministersN3T NPM · θεράπωνcompound subject (second member: Pharaoh's court officials)θεράπων: meaning 'servants'; it serves as compound subject (second member: Pharaoh's court officials).
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνήνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative object of εἰς (the dwelling)→ object specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as accusative object of εἰς (the dwelling).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕπνωσενsleptVAI AAI3S · ὑπνόωmain verb (near-synonym, intensifying)ὑπνόω: meaning 'slept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (near-synonym, intensifying).
μέχριuntilP · μέχριconjunction (with οὗ: temporal 'until')→ spatial or relational framingμέχρι: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεσούσηςat midnight (lit. while the night was in the middle)V4 · παπγσφ μεσόωgenitive absolute participle (temporal: 'while midnight was occurring')→ verbal action or stateπαπγσφ μεσόω: meaning 'at midnight (lit. while the night was in the middle)'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as genitive absolute participle (temporal: 'while midnight was occurring').
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νυκτόςnightN3 GSF · νύξcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηraise upVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑωθινὴνmorningA1 ASF · ἑωθινόςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseἑωθινός: meaning 'morning'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
φυλακήνcustody / prison / guardN1 ASF · φυλακήaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationφυλακή: meaning 'custody'; it serves as accusative object of εἰς.
6
καὶ ἀπέστειλεν πρὸς Ολοφέρνην λέγουσα ἐπιταξάτω δὴ ὁ κύριός μου ἐᾶσαι τὴν δούλην σου ἐπὶ προσευχὴν ἐξελθεῖν
And she sent to Holofernes, saying, 'Let my lord now command that your slave be permitted to go out for prayer.'
Judith secures formal permission for the nightly movements essential to her plan.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΟλοφέρνηνHolofernesN1M ASM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
λέγουσαsayingV1 · παπνσφ λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing the quoted refrain)→ verbal action in summary styleπαπνσφ λέγω: meaning 'saying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle of speech (introducing the quoted refrain).
ἐπιταξάτωorder / appointVA AAD3S · τάσσω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or commandτάσσω + ἐπι: meaning 'order'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόςlordN2 NSM · κύριοςsubject (human master)→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'lord'; it serves as subject (human master).
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐᾶσαιallow / leaveVA AAN · ἐάωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, or complementary actionἐάω: meaning 'allow'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, or complementary action.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληνservantN1 ASF · δούληobject of πρόςδούλη: meaning 'servant'; it serves as object of πρός.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
προσευχὴνproseycheN1 ASF · προσευχήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπροσευχή: meaning 'proseyche'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐξελθεῖνgo outVB AAN · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
7
καὶ προσέταξεν Ολοφέρνης τοῖς σωματοφύλαξιν μὴ διακωλύειν αὐτήν καὶ παρέμεινεν ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ ἡμέρας τρεῖς καὶ ἐξεπορεύετο κατὰ νύκτα εἰς τὴν φάραγγα Βαιτυλουα καὶ ἐβαπτίζετο ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ ἐπὶ τῆς πηγῆς τοῦ ὕδατος
And Holofernes ordered the bodyguards not to hinder her; and she remained in the camp three days, and by night she went out into the ravine of Bethulia and bathed in the camp at the spring of water.
Her nightly purification and prayer create the appearance of transparent piety while preserving operational freedom.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέταξενcommandVAI AAI3S · τάσσω + προςmain verbal form advancing the narrative or commandτάσσω + προς: meaning 'command'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωματοφύλαξινbodyguardN3K DPM · σωματοφύλαξnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierσωματοφύλαξ: meaning 'bodyguard'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
διακωλύεινhinderV1 PAN · κωλύω + διαverbal element carrying the clause's action or processκωλύω + δια: meaning 'hinder'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέμεινενremainedVAI AAI3S · μένω + παραverbal element carrying the clause's action or processμένω + παρα: meaning 'remained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῇcampN1 DSF · παρεμβολήdative of place (locative: 'in the camp')→ sphere or referenceπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as dative of place (locative: 'in the camp').
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τρεῖςthreeM APF · τρεῖςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ discourse linkage or contrastτρεῖς: meaning 'three'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεπορεύετοwould go outV1I IMI3S · πορεύομαι + ἐκmain verb (imperfect of customary action)→ ongoing verbal processπορεύομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'would go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (imperfect of customary action).
κατὰbyP · κατάpreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
νύκταnyktaN3 ASF · νύξnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationνύξ: meaning 'nykta'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγγαvalley / ravineN3G ASF · φάραγξdirect object / locative (place of assembly)→ object specificationφάραγξ: meaning 'valley'; it serves as direct object / locative (place of assembly).
ΒαιτυλουαBethuliaN GSF · Βαιτυλουαproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαιτυλουα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐβαπτίζετοdipped himselfV1I IMI3S · βαπτίζωmain verb (the act of washing)βαπτίζω: meaning 'dipped himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the act of washing).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῇcampN1 DSF · παρεμβολήdative of place (locative: 'in the camp')→ sphere or referenceπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as dative of place (locative: 'in the camp').
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πηγῆςspringN1 GSF · πηγήgenitive object of ἐπί→ sexual fidelity and measured delightπηγή: meaning 'spring'; it serves as genitive object of ἐπί.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
8
καὶ ὡς ἀνέβη ἐδέετο τοῦ κυρίου θεοῦ Ισραηλ κατευθῦναι τὴν ὁδὸν αὐτῆς εἰς ἀνάστημα τῶν υἱῶν τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ
And when she came up, she entreated the Lord God of Israel to direct her way for the raising up of the children of his people.
Her hidden purpose remains centered on Israel's restoration, not on her own safety.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἀνέβηwent upVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐδέετοimploredV2I IMI3S · δέωmain narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon)δέω: meaning 'implored'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main narrative verb (the act of binding Simeon).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
κατευθῦναιestablish / directVA AAN · εὐθύνω + καταfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ messianic reversal and covenant remembranceεὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'establish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ἀνάστημαliving thing / creature standing uprightN3M ASN · ἀνάστημαobject of ἐξαλείψωἀνάστημα: meaning 'living thing'; it serves as object of ἐξαλείψω.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
9
καὶ εἰσπορευομένη καθαρὰ παρέμενεν ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ μέχρι οὗ προσηνέγκατο τὴν τροφὴν αὐτῆς πρὸς ἑσπέραν
And, entering in clean, she remained in the tent until she brought her food toward evening.
The camp routine is now established: cleansing, prayer, and controlled eating from her own provisions.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσπορευομένηenteringV1 · πμπνσφ πορεύομαι + εἰςverbal element carrying the clause's action or processπμπνσφ πορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'entering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
καθαρὰclean / pureA1A NSF · καθαρόςpredicate adjective (with ᾖ: 'is clean')καθαρός: meaning 'clean'; it serves as predicate adjective (with ᾖ: 'is clean').
παρέμενενremainedV1I IAI3S · μένω + παραverbal element carrying the clause's action or processμένω + παρα: meaning 'remained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentN1 DSF · σκηνήdative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as dative of place (locative).
μέχριuntilP · μέχριconjunction (with οὗ: temporal 'until')→ spatial or relational framingμέχρι: meaning 'until'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὗwhereRR GSF · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependenceοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
προσηνέγκατοbring / presentVAI AMI3S · φέρω + προςfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseφέρω + προς: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τροφὴνsustenanceN1 ASF · τροφήnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationτροφή: meaning 'sustenance'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ἑσπέρανeveningN1A ASF · ἑσπέραaccusative object of πρός (temporal: 'evening')→ object specificationἑσπέρα: meaning 'evening'; it serves as accusative object of πρός (temporal: 'evening').
10
καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τετάρτῃ ἐποίησεν Ολοφέρνης πότον τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ μόνοις καὶ οὐκ ἐκάλεσεν εἰς τὴν κλῆσιν οὐδένα τῶν πρὸς ταῖς χρείαις
And it came to pass on the fourth day that Holofernes made a banquet for his own servants only and called to the feast none of those who attended to the duties.
The scene shifts toward the trap: Holofernes engineers an intimate drinking feast.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετάρτῃtetarteA1 DSF · τέταρτοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a dat relation→ sphere or referenceτέταρτος: meaning 'tetarte'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a dat relation.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
πότονbanquetN2 ASM · πότοςhead noun within the clause→ participantπότος: meaning 'banquet'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλοιςservantsN2 DPM · δοῦλοςobject of ἐπί (those pitied)→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: meaning 'servants'; it serves as object of ἐπί (those pitied).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μόνοιςaloneA1 DPM · μόνοςadjective in agreement with ὑμῖν ('with you alone')→ eliphaz: wicked anguish and proud speechμόνος: meaning 'alone'; it serves as adjective in agreement with ὑμῖν ('with you alone').
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσενshe calledVAI AAI3S · καλέωmain verb (naming formula)→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'she called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (naming formula).
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλῆσινbanquetN3I ASF · κλῆσιςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseκλῆσις: meaning 'banquet'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
οὐδέναno oneA3 ASM · οὐδείςdirect object / accusative complement→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as direct object / accusative complement.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρείαιςneedN1A DPF · χρείαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ sphere or referenceχρεία: meaning 'need'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
11
καὶ εἶπεν Βαγώᾳ τῷ εὐνούχῳ ὃς ἦν ἐφεστηκὼς ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν αὐτοῦ πεῖσον δὴ πορευθεὶς τὴν γυναῖκα τὴν Εβραίαν ἥ ἐστιν παρὰ σοί τοῦ ἐλθεῖν πρὸς ἡμᾶς καὶ φαγεῖν καὶ πιεῖν μεθ' ἡμῶν
And he said to Bagoas the eunuch, who stood over all his affairs, 'Go now and persuade the Hebrew woman who is with you to come to us and eat and drink with us.'
Holofernes delegates the invitation to his household officer, turning desire into formal summons.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
ΒαγώᾳBagoasN1T DSM · Βαγώαςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαγώᾳ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐνούχῳeunuchN2 DSM · εὐνοῦχοςhead noun within the clauseεὐνοῦχος: meaning 'eunuch'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐφεστηκὼςstanding overVXI XAPNSMI(/STHMI · ἐπιverbal element carrying the clause's action or process→ verbal form carrying the clause forward in contextἐπι: meaning 'standing over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPN · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πεῖσονtrust / relyVA AAD2S · πείθωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseπείθω: meaning 'trust'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πορευθεὶςgoingVC · αππνσμ πορεύομαιattendant circumstance participleαππνσμ πορεύομαι: meaning 'going'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attendant circumstance participle.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήwife-term in a household notice→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as wife-term in a household notice.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕβραίανHebrew (man)A1A ASF · Εβραῖοςapposition to ἀδελφός (gentilic)Εβραῖος: meaning 'Hebrew (man)'; it serves as apposition to ἀδελφός (gentilic).
ἥwho / whichRR NSF · ὅςpronoun referring within the clause→ participant referenceἥ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώdirect object→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαγεῖνesthioVB AAN · ἐσθίωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ infinitival complementἐσθίω: meaning 'esthio'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πιεῖνto drinkVB AAN · πίνωparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ infinitival complementπίνω: meaning 'to drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
12
ἰδοὺ γὰρ αἰσχρὸν τῷ προσώπῳ ἡμῶν εἰ γυναῖκα τοιαύτην παρήσομεν οὐχ ὁμιλήσαντες αὐτῇ ὅτι ἐὰν ταύτην μὴ ἐπισπασώμεθα καταγελάσεται ἡμῶν
'For behold, it is shameful to our face if we let such a woman pass by without conversing with her; for if we do not draw her to ourselves, she will laugh at us.'
He recasts lust as wounded honor, revealing how vanity drives the coming disaster.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ discourse linkage or contrastἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχρὸνshamefulA1A NSN · αἰσχρόςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseαἰσχρός: meaning 'shameful'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπῳof faceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative of respect (with ἀναιδές)→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'of face'; it serves as dative of respect (with ἀναιδές).
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἰeiC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'ei'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γυναῖκαwifeN3K ASF · γυνήwife-term in a household notice→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wife'; it serves as wife-term in a household notice.
τοιαύτηνsuchA1 ASF · τοιοῦτοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complementτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a accusative complement.
παρήσομενlet pass byVF FAI1P · ἵημι + παραverbal element carrying the clause's action or processἵημι + παρα: meaning 'let pass by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
οὐχnotD · οὐnegation→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὁμιλήσαντεςconversingVA · ααπνπμ ὁμιλέωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processααπνπμ ὁμιλέω: meaning 'conversing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπισπασώμεθαdraw to ourselvesVA AMS1P · σπάω + ἐπιverbal element carrying the clause's action or processσπάω + ἐπι: meaning 'draw to ourselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
καταγελάσεταιmockVF FMI3S · γελάω + καταverbal form carrying the clause forward within the narrative or petitionγελάω + κατα: meaning 'mock'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward within the narrative or petition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
13
καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Βαγώας ἀπὸ προσώπου Ολοφέρνου καὶ εἰσῆλθεν πρὸς αὐτὴν καὶ εἶπεν μὴ ὀκνησάτω δὴ ἡ παιδίσκη ἡ καλὴ αὕτη ἐλθοῦσα πρὸς τὸν κύριόν μου δοξασθῆναι κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ καὶ πίεσαι μεθ' ἡμῶν εἰς εὐφροσύνην οἶνον καὶ γενηθῆναι ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ταύτῃ ὡς θυγάτηρ μία τῶν υἱῶν Ασσουρ αἳ παρεστήκασιν ἐν οἴκῳ Ναβουχοδονοσορ
Then Bagoas went out from Holofernes' presence and entered to her and said, 'Let this beautiful servant girl not hesitate to come to my lord, to be honored before his face and to drink wine with us in gladness and become today like one of the daughters of the Assyrians who stand in the house of Nebuchadnezzar.'
Bagoas frames the banquet as both honor and social elevation within imperial household culture.
Word-by-word analysis· 53 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΒαγώαςBagoasN1T NSM · Βαγώαςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαγώας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσῆλθενwent inVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + εἰςmain verb of marital approach notice→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of marital approach notice.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὀκνησάτωhesitateVA AAD3S · ὀκνέωprohibitive subjunctiveὀκνέω: meaning 'hesitate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as prohibitive subjunctive.
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίσκηmaidservantN1 NSF · παιδίσκηnominative in apposition to Ζελφαπαιδίσκη: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as nominative in apposition to Ζελφα.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καλὴbeautifulA1 NSF · καλόςpredicate adjective→ participant prominenceκαλός: meaning 'beautiful'; it serves as predicate adjective.
αὕτηthisRD NSF · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceαὕτη: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐλθοῦσαgoing / having goneVB · ααπνσφ ἔρχομαιtemporal participle (the sister's movement: before calling)→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνσφ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'going'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as temporal participle (the sister's movement: before calling).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόνmasterN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'master'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δοξασθῆναιto be held in honor / glorifiedVS APN · δοξάζωinfinitive (content of expectation: 'that I will be honored')→ infinitival complementδοξάζω: meaning 'to be held in honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive (content of expectation: 'that I will be honored').
κατὰbyP · κατάpreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πίεσαιyou shall drinkVF FMI2S · πίνωmain verb (negated)→ futureπίνω: meaning 'you shall drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (negated).
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
εὐφροσύνηνgladnessN1 ASF · εὐφροσύνηhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ object specificationεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative of content→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative of content.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενηθῆναιto be / to occurVC APN · γίγνομαιgenitive articular infinitive (complementary with παυσάσθω: 'cease from occurring')→ infinitival complementγίγνομαι: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as genitive articular infinitive (complementary with παυσάσθω: 'cease from occurring').
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ταύτῃthisRD DSF · οὗτοςdemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestταύτῃ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ).
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
θυγάτηρdaughterN3R NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ measure or countμία: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΑσσουρAssyriaN GSM · Ασσουρproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ participant identificationΑσσουρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
αἳwhich / thatRR NPF · ὅςrelative pronoun (feminine plural, referring to λαμπάδες: 'which passed between')→ participant referenceαἳ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (feminine plural, referring to λαμπάδες: 'which passed between').
παρεστήκασινstand beforeVXI XAI3P · ἵστημι + παραinfinitive complement advancing the verbal ideaἵστημι + παρα: meaning 'stand before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement advancing the verbal idea.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
14
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Ιουδιθ καὶ τίς εἰμι ἐγὼ ἀντεροῦσα τῷ κυρίῳ μου ὅτι πᾶν ὃ ἔσται ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς αὐτοῦ ἀρεστόν σπεύσασα ποιήσω καὶ ἔσται τοῦτό μοι ἀγαλλίαμα ἕως ἡμέρας θανάτου μου
And Judith said to him, 'And who am I to contradict my lord? Whatever shall be pleasing in his eyes I will hasten to do, and this will be my joy until the day of my death.'
Her answer sounds like willing submission, but it is calibrated to move the plan to its decisive moment.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandD · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSF · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἰμιamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίcopula (self-identification)→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as copula (self-identification).
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀντεροῦσαcontradictingVF2 FAPNSFEI)=PON · ἀντιverbal element carrying the clause's action or processἀντι: meaning 'contradicting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνall / everyA3 ASN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ὃwhich / whoRR NSN · ὅςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίcopula→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as copula.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοῖςeyesN2 DPM · ὀφθαλμόςdative of perspective ('in the eyes of')→ sphere or referenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as dative of perspective ('in the eyes of').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀρεστόνarestonA1 NSN · ἀρεστόςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a acc relationἀρεστός: meaning 'areston'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a acc relation.
σπεύσασαhasteningVA · ααπνσφ σπεύδωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processααπνσφ σπεύδω: meaning 'hastening'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ποιήσωdo, makeVF FAI1S · ποιέωmain verb→ futureποιέω: meaning 'do, make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίcopula→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as copula.
τοῦτόthisRD NSN · οὗτοςdemonstrative (subject/predicate of nominal clause)→ participant referenceτοῦτό: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (subject/predicate of nominal clause).
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώdative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
ἀγαλλίαμαadornment / joyN3M NSN · ἀγαλλίαμαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ participant prominenceἀγαλλίαμα: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
θανάτουof deathN2 GSM · θάνατοςgenitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death')→ relational specificationθάνατος: meaning 'of death'; it serves as genitive of quality / destiny (with υἱός: 'son of death').
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
15
καὶ διαναστᾶσα ἐκοσμήθη τῷ ἱματισμῷ καὶ παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ τῷ γυναικείῳ καὶ προσῆλθεν ἡ δούλη αὐτῆς καὶ ἔστρωσεν αὐτῇ κατέναντι Ολοφέρνου χαμαὶ τὰ κώδια ἃ ἔλαβεν παρὰ Βαγώου εἰς τὴν καθημερινὴν δίαιταν αὐτῆς εἰς τὸ ἐσθίειν κατακλινομένην ἐπ' αὐτῶν
And rising up, she adorned herself with her garment and all her woman's ornaments; and her maid came and spread out for her opposite Holofernes, on the ground, the fleeces that she had received from Bagoas for her daily living, so that she might eat while reclining upon them.
Judith again uses adornment and ritual control together, entering the feast on her own terms.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαναστᾶσαrising upVH · ααπνσφ ἵστημι + δια + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause's action or processααπνσφ ἵστημι + δια + ἀνα: meaning 'rising up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἐκοσμήθηkosmeoVCI API3S · κοσμέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or descriptionκοσμέω: meaning 'kosmeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱματισμῷclothingN2 DSM · ἱματισμόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ sphere or referenceἱματισμός: meaning 'clothing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παντὶallA3 DSM · πᾶςdat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dat adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόσμῳadornmentN2 DSM · κόσμοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ sphere or referenceκόσμος: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικείῳwomen'sA1A DSM · γυναικεῖοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phraseγυναικεῖος: meaning 'women's'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσῆλθενcame / approachedVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + προςmain verb (Agag's approach)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + προς: meaning 'came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Agag's approach).
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληslaveN1 NSF · δούληnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierδούλη: meaning 'slave'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστρωσενspreadVAI AAI3S · στρώννυμιmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appealστρώννυμι: meaning 'spread'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
κατέναντιoppositeP · κατέναντιpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
χαμαὶon the groundD · χαμαίconnective or modifier structuring the clause in context→ discourse linkage or contrastχαμαὶ: meaning 'on the ground'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κώδιαgardenN2N APN · κώδιονgenitival dependent within the phraseκώδιον: meaning 'garden'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
ΒαγώουBagoasN1T GSM · Βαγώαςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαγώου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθημερινὴνdailyA1 ASF · καθημερινόςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseκαθημερινός: meaning 'daily'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
δίαιτανprovisionN1S ASF · δίαιταhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ zophar: brief triumph and bitter endδίαιτα: meaning 'provision'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐσθίεινeatingV1 PAN · ἐσθίωarticular infinitive of means (τοῦ ἐσθίειν: 'by eating')→ purposeἐσθίω: meaning 'eating'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive of means (τοῦ ἐσθίειν: 'by eating').
κατακλινομένηνrecliningV1 · πμπασφ κλίνω + καταverbal element carrying the clause's action or processπμπασφ κλίνω + κατα: meaning 'reclining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPN · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
16
καὶ εἰσελθοῦσα ἀνέπεσεν Ιουδιθ καὶ ἐξέστη ἡ καρδία Ολοφέρνου ἐπ' αὐτήν καὶ ἐσαλεύθη ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἦν κατεπίθυμος σφόδρα τοῦ συγγενέσθαι μετ' αὐτῆς καὶ ἐτήρει καιρὸν τοῦ ἀπατῆσαι αὐτὴν ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας εἶδεν αὐτήν
And when Judith entered and reclined, the heart of Holofernes was thrown out toward her, his soul was shaken, and he was exceedingly desirous to lie with her; and he had been watching for a moment to seduce her from the day he saw her.
The narrative exposes the inward disorder of Holofernes as the fatal weakness Judith has cultivated.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσελθοῦσαhaving enteredVB · ααπνσφ ἔρχομαι + εἰςcircumstantial participleααπνσφ ἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'having entered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
ἀνέπεσενreclinedVAI AAI3S · πίπτω + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause's action or processπίπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'reclined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέστηwas carried awayVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκmain verb (the brothers' heart-reaction — 'their heart left them')→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'was carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the brothers' heart-reaction — 'their heart left them').
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίαheartN1A NSF · καρδίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσαλεύθηto move / shakeVCI API3S · σαλεύωcomplementary articular infinitive (with προσθήσω)→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'to move'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary articular infinitive (with προσθήσω).
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoul / personN1 NSF · ψυχήsubject (resuming the casus pendens)→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as subject (resuming the casus pendens).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
κατεπίθυμοςovermastered with desireA1B NSM · κατεπίθυμοςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseκατεπίθυμος: meaning 'overmastered with desire'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συγγενέσθαιlie withVB AMN · γίγνομαι + συνverbal element carrying the clause's action or process→ infinitival complementγίγνομαι + συν: meaning 'lie with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐτήρειkeptV2I IAI3S · τηρέωverb of the causal clause (Saul's failure to obey)τηρέω: meaning 'kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the causal clause (Saul's failure to obey).
καιρὸνappointed time / seasonN2 ASM · καιρόςaccusative object of κατά (the festal season)→ object specificationκαιρός: meaning 'appointed time'; it serves as accusative object of κατά (the festal season).
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπατῆσαιpersuade / deceiveVA AAN · ἀπατάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἀπατάω: meaning 'persuade'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἀφ'aphP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'aph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἧςwho / whichRR GSF · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἧς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
17
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὴν Ολοφέρνης πίε δὴ καὶ γενήθητι μεθ' ἡμῶν εἰς εὐφροσύνην
And Holofernes said to her, 'Drink now and be with us in gladness.'
He interprets the evening as a shared celebration and presses Judith deeper into the banquet.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
πίεdrinkVA AAD2S · πίνωmain verb (command)πίνω: meaning 'drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (command).
δὴnow / indeedX · δήsubstantive, modifier, or particle functioning within the clause according to context→ discourse linkage or contrastδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γενήθητιit came to passVC APD2S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forwardγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ relation marked by the governing prepositionμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
εὐφροσύνηνgladnessN1 ASF · εὐφροσύνηhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ object specificationεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
18
καὶ εἶπεν Ιουδιθ πίομαι δή κύριε ὅτι ἐμεγαλύνθη τὸ ζῆν μου ἐν ἐμοὶ σήμερον παρὰ πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς γενέσεώς μου
And Judith said, 'I will drink now, lord, because my life within me has been magnified today beyond all the days since I was born.'
Her words carry double meaning: Holofernes hears delight, while the reader hears the nearness of deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
πίομαιwill I drinkVF FMI1S · πίνωfuture of denial→ futureπίνω: meaning 'will I drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future of denial.
δήdeX · δήnominal term functioning within the local clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: meaning 'de'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
κύριεlordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμεγαλύνθηgrew great / was magnifiedVCI API3S · μεγαλύνωmain verb (Samuel's growth)→ constative aoristμεγαλύνω: meaning 'grew great'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Samuel's growth).
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῆνto live / being aliveV3 PAN · ζάωarticular infinitive (in temporal clause ἐν τῷ … ζῆν: 'while alive')→ constative aoristζάω: meaning 'to live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (in temporal clause ἐν τῷ … ζῆν: 'while alive').
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronoun→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
σήμερονtodayD · σήμερονtemporal adverb→ discourse linkage or contrastσήμερον: meaning 'today'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πάσαςallA1S APF · πᾶςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A APF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενέσεώςbirth / origin / kindredN3I GSF · γένεσιςgenitive of description ('the land of your origin')→ relational specificationγένεσις: meaning 'birth'; it serves as genitive of description ('the land of your origin').
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
19
καὶ λαβοῦσα ἔφαγεν καὶ ἔπιεν κατέναντι αὐτοῦ ἃ ἡτοίμασεν ἡ δούλη αὐτῆς
And taking what her maid had prepared, she ate and drank before him.
Judith joins the meal only through the food she herself has safeguarded.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαβοῦσαhaving taken / takingVB · ααπνσφ λαμβάνωcircumstantial participle (attendant action, modifying Μαριαμ)ααπνσφ λαμβάνω: meaning 'having taken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle (attendant action, modifying Μαριαμ).
ἔφαγενhad eatenVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίωverb of contrary-to-fact protasis→ constative aoristἐσθίω: meaning 'had eaten'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of contrary-to-fact protasis.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπιενhe drankVBI AAI3S · πίνωmain verb (the transgression)πίνω: meaning 'he drank'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the transgression).
κατέναντιoppositeP · κατέναντιpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατέναντι: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡτοίμασενetoimazoVAI AAI3S · ἑτοιμάζωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ constative aoristἑτοιμάζω: meaning 'etoimazo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληslaveN1 NSF · δούληnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierδούλη: meaning 'slave'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
20
καὶ ηὐφράνθη Ολοφέρνης ἀπ' αὐτῆς καὶ ἔπιεν οἶνον πολὺν σφόδρα ὅσον οὐκ ἔπιεν πώποτε ἐν ἡμέρᾳ μιᾷ ἀφ' οὗ ἐγεννήθη
And Holofernes was greatly delighted with her and drank exceedingly much wine, more than he had ever drunk in a single day since he was born.
The chapter ends with Holofernes incapacitating himself, setting the stage for Judith's strike.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ηὐφράνθηrejoiceVCI API3S · εὐφραίνωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπιενhe drankVBI AAI3S · πίνωmain verb (the transgression)πίνω: meaning 'he drank'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the transgression).
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative of content→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative of content.
πολὺνmany / muchA1P ASM · πολύςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅσονas long asA1 ASM · ὅσοςrelative adjective (temporal: 'for as long as')→ judgment, discipline, and resurrection hopeὅσος: meaning 'as long as'; it serves as relative adjective (temporal: 'for as long as').
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔπιενhe drankVBI AAI3S · πίνωmain verb (the transgression)πίνω: meaning 'he drank'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the transgression).
πώποτεever / at any timeD · πώποτεtemporal adverb (with negative: 'never')→ discourse linkage or contrastπώποτε: meaning 'ever'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μιᾷoneA1A DSF · εἷςdative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere→ measure or countμιᾷ: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
ἀφ'aphP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'aph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οὗwhereRR GSF · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependenceοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐγεννήθηhe was bornVCI API3S · γεννάωverb of relative clause→ oppression, rivalry, and companionshipγεννάω: meaning 'he was born'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause.