1
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὴν Ολοφέρνης θάρσησον γύναι μὴ φοβηθῇς τῇ καρδίᾳ σου ὅτι ἐγὼ οὐκ ἐκάκωσα ἄνθρωπον ὅστις ᾑρέτικεν δουλεύειν βασιλεῖ Ναβουχοδονοσορ πάσης τῆς γῆς
And Holofernes said to her, 'Take courage, woman; do not be afraid in your heart, for I have harmed no one who chose to serve King Nebuchadnezzar of all the earth.'
The general presents himself as magnanimous toward willing submission, setting the stage for Judith's feigned allegiance.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
θάρσησονtake courageVA AAD2S · θαρσέωimperative (encouragement in crisis)θαρσέω: meaning 'take courage'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative (encouragement in crisis).
γύναιwivesN3K VSF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goalγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
φοβηθῇςyou should fearVC APS2S · φοβέωprohibitive subjunctive (negative command)→ verbal form contributing the clause's action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'you should fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as prohibitive subjunctive (negative command).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάκωσαI have harmed / mistreatedVAI AAI1S · κακόωmain verb (second denial)κακόω: meaning 'I have harmed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (second denial).
ἄνθρωπονmanN2 ASM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
ὅστιςwhoRX NSM · ὅστιςrelative pronoun (subject of θαυμάσει)→ participant referenceὅστις: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (subject of θαυμάσει).
ᾑρέτικενchooseVX XAI3S · αἱρετίζωfinite verb advancing the clauseαἱρετίζω: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
δουλεύεινto serveV1 PAN · δουλεύωarticular infinitive (result: 'so that they do not serve')→ infinitival complementδουλεύω: meaning 'to serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (result: 'so that they do not serve').
βασιλεῖkingN3V DSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN DSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
2
καὶ νῦν ὁ λαός σου ὁ κατοικῶν τὴν ὀρεινὴν εἰ μὴ ἐφαύλισάν με οὐκ ἂν ἦρα τὸ δόρυ μου ἐπ' αὐτούς ἀλλὰ αὐτοὶ ἑαυτοῖς ἐποίησαν ταῦτα
'And now, if your people who dwell in the hill country had not treated me lightly, I would not have lifted my spear against them; but they have done these things to themselves.'
He frames the siege as the Judeans' own fault, a claim Judith will exploit.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςsubject of ἐροῦσιν→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as subject of ἐροῦσιν.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικῶνinhabiting / who dwellsV2 · παπνσμ οἰκέω + καταsubstantival participle (with πᾶς: 'everyone dwelling')→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'inhabiting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as substantival participle (with πᾶς: 'everyone dwelling').
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινὴνhill countryN1 ASF · ὀρεινήsubstantivized adjective (object of κατοικῶν)ὀρεινή: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as substantivized adjective (object of κατοικῶν).
εἰeiC · εἰconjunction linking clauses, commands, or list items→ discourse linkage or contrastεἰ: meaning 'ei'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφαύλισάνyou despisedVAI AAI3P · φαυλίζωmain verb of accusatory questionφαυλίζω: meaning 'you despised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of accusatory question.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώdirect object→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦραI raisedVAI AAI1S · αἴρωverb of ὅτι-clause ('that I raised my voice')→ constative aoristαἴρω: meaning 'I raised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of ὅτι-clause ('that I raised my voice').
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόρυspearN3 ASN · δόρυcommon noun within the clause→ leviathan, terror, and creaturely limitsδόρυ: meaning 'spear'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶhe / she / itRD NPM · αὐτόςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἑαυτοῖςhimself / themselvesRD DPM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτοῖς: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
3
καὶ νῦν λέγε μοι τίνος ἕνεκεν ἀπέδρας ἀπ' αὐτῶν καὶ ἦλθες πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἥκεις γὰρ εἰς σωτηρίαν θάρσει ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ταύτῃ ζήσῃ καὶ εἰς τὸ λοιπόν
'And now tell me why you fled from them and came to us, for you have come for safety. Take courage; in this night you shall live, and hereafter as well.'
Holofernes combines questioning with reassurance in order to draw out Judith's story.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λέγεsayV1 PAD2S · λέγωimperative (command to deliver the oracle)→ verbal action or stateλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as imperative (command to deliver the oracle).
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώdative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
τίνοςwho? / what?RI GSN · τίςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation→ relational specificationτίνος: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or interrogation.
ἕνεκενfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκενpreposition + genitive (causal)→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (causal).
ἀπέδραςyou fledVBI AAI2S · διδράσκω + ἀποmain verb of second rhetorical question (the flight itself)διδράσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'you fled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of second rhetorical question (the flight itself).
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθεςyou cameVBI AAI2S · ἔρχομαιverb of relative clause→ aorist verbal form viewing the action as a wholeἔρχομαι: meaning 'you came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώdirect object→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἥκειςyou have comeV1 PAI2S · ἥκωverb of the temporal clause ('the day you came to me')→ prudence, diligence, and shunning follyἥκω: meaning 'you have come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the temporal clause ('the day you came to me').
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
σωτηρίανsalvationN1A ASF · σωτηρίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
θάρσειtake courageV2 PAD2S · θαρρέωmain verb→ day of the Lord, repentance, and restorationθαρρέω: meaning 'take courage'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νυκτὶnightN3 DSF · νύξdative of time→ sphere or referenceνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as dative of time.
ταύτῃthisRD DSF · οὗτοςdemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestταύτῃ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ).
ζήσῃyou shall liveVF FMI2S · ζάωmain verb (predictive future oracle)→ future verbal form projecting the action forwardζάω: meaning 'you shall live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (predictive future oracle).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λοιπόνthe restA1 ASN · λοιπόςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveλοιπός: meaning 'the rest'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
4
οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ὃς ἀδικήσει σε ἀλλ' εὖ σε ποιήσει καθὰ γίνεται τοῖς δούλοις τοῦ κυρίου μου βασιλέως Ναβουχοδονοσορ
'For there is no one who will wrong you; rather, he will treat you well, as is done for the servants of my lord King Nebuchadnezzar.'
He extends imperial patronage to Judith, assuming her readiness to transfer loyalty.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀδικήσειyou have wrongedVF FAI3S · ἀδικέωmain verb (negated: acquittal)→ future-oriented assertion or promise within Bildad's argumentἀδικέω: meaning 'you have wronged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (negated: acquittal).
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὖwellD · εὖadverb (with ποιῆσαι: 'to do good')→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖ: meaning 'well'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ποιήσειwill makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωmain verb (double-accusative: make X Y)→ futureποιέω: meaning 'will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (double-accusative: make X Y).
καθὰasD · καθάcomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὰ: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γίνεταιit happens / comes to beV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verb (impersonal temporal formula)→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'it happens'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (impersonal temporal formula).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλοιςservantsN2 DPM · δοῦλοςobject of ἐπί (those pitied)→ sphere or referenceδοῦλος: meaning 'servants'; it serves as object of ἐπί (those pitied).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
5
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν Ιουδιθ δέξαι τὰ ῥήματα τῆς δούλης σου καὶ λαλησάτω ἡ παιδίσκη σου κατὰ πρόσωπόν σου καὶ οὐκ ἀναγγελῶ ψεῦδος τῷ κυρίῳ μου ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ ταύτῃ
And Judith said to him, 'Receive the words of your slave, and let your servant girl speak before your face, and I will not report a falsehood to my lord in this night.'
She adopts the posture of a truthful servant even as she begins a deeply strategic deception.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
δέξαιacceptVA AMD2S · δέχομαιmain verb (petition: 'receive favorably')→ inherited wisdom and guarded pathsδέχομαι: meaning 'accept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (petition: 'receive favorably').
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληςservantN1 GSF · δούληgenitive of possession→ messianic reversal and covenant remembranceδούλη: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive of possession.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαλησάτωlet her speakVA AAD3S · λαλέωthird-person imperative (deferential request)λαλέω: meaning 'let her speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as third-person imperative (deferential request).
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίσκηmaidservantN1 NSF · παιδίσκηnominative in apposition to Ζελφαπαιδίσκη: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as nominative in apposition to Ζελφα.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbyP · κατάpreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγελῶlet me tell / I will declareVF2 FAI1S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verb (volitive future)→ futureἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'let me tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (volitive future).
ψεῦδοςfalsehoodN3E ASN · ψεῦδοςhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ object specificationψεῦδος: meaning 'falsehood'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νυκτὶnightN3 DSF · νύξdative of time→ sphere or referenceνύξ: meaning 'night'; it serves as dative of time.
ταύτῃthisRD DSF · οὗτοςdemonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestταύτῃ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as demonstrative (modifying ἡμέρᾳ).
6
καὶ ἐὰν κατακολουθήσῃς τοῖς λόγοις τῆς παιδίσκης σου τελείως πρᾶγμα ποιήσει μετὰ σοῦ ὁ θεός καὶ οὐκ ἀποπεσεῖται ὁ κύριός μου τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων αὐτοῦ
'And if you follow closely the words of your servant girl, God will accomplish a complete success with you, and my lord will not fail in his designs.'
Judith presents herself as the channel through which Holofernes may secure divine timing and military completion.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατακολουθήσῃςfollow closelyVA AAS2S · ἀκολουθέω + καταverbal element carrying the clause's action or processἀκολουθέω + κατα: meaning 'follow closely'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίσκηςmaidservantN1 GSF · παιδίσκηgenitive appositive (Bilhah's social status)→ relational specificationπαιδίσκη: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as genitive appositive (Bilhah's social status).
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τελείωςcompletelyD · τελείωςconnective or modifier structuring the clause in contextτελείως: meaning 'completely'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρᾶγμαmatter / thingN3M ASN · πρᾶγμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationπρᾶγμα: meaning 'matter'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ποιήσειwill makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωmain verb (double-accusative: make X Y)→ futureποιέω: meaning 'will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (double-accusative: make X Y).
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative in apposition to κύριος.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποπεσεῖταιfailVF2 FMI3S · πίπτω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause's action or processπίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόςlordN2 NSM · κύριοςsubject (human master)→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'lord'; it serves as subject (human master).
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδευμάτωνepitedeymatonN3M GPN · ἐπιτήδευμαnominal term functioning in a gen relation→ relational specificationἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'epitedeymaton'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a gen relation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
7
ζῇ γὰρ βασιλεὺς Ναβουχοδονοσορ πάσης τῆς γῆς καὶ ζῇ τὸ κράτος αὐτοῦ ὃς ἀπέστειλέν σε εἰς κατόρθωσιν πάσης ψυχῆς ὅτι οὐ μόνον ἄνθρωποι διὰ σὲ δουλεύουσιν αὐτῷ ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ θηρία τοῦ ἀγροῦ καὶ τὰ κτήνη καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ διὰ τῆς ἰσχύος σου ζήσονται ἐπὶ Ναβουχοδονοσορ καὶ πάντα τὸν οἶκον αὐτοῦ
'For as King Nebuchadnezzar of all the earth lives, and as his power lives, who sent you for the ordering of every living soul, not only do human beings serve him because of you, but even the beasts of the field, the cattle, and the birds of the sky will live under Nebuchadnezzar and all his house because of your strength.'
Her speech deliberately inflates the empire's reach in order to disarm suspicion and stroke Holofernes' vanity.
Word-by-word analysis· 53 words
ζῇliveV3 PAS3S · ζάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseζάω: meaning 'live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςsubject→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as subject.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN NSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζῇliveV3 PAS3S · ζάωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseζάω: meaning 'live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κράτοςmight / forceN3E NSN · κράτοςaccusative with κατά (idiomatic adverbial: 'mightily')→ wisdom, mockery, and divine sovereigntyκράτος: meaning 'might'; it serves as accusative with κατά (idiomatic adverbial: 'mightily').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀπέστειλένsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verb (the LORD's commissioning of Saul)→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the LORD's commissioning of Saul).
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
κατόρθωσινsuccessN3I ASF · κατόρθωσιςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseκατόρθωσις: meaning 'success'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ψυχῆςsoulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as genitive object of κατά.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μόνονonlyD · μόνονadverbial particle qualifying the assertion→ discourse linkage or contrastμόνον: meaning 'only'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωποιhuman beingN2 NPM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
σὲyouRP AS · σύobject of ἐπί→ participant referenceσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as object of ἐπί.
δουλεύουσινto serveV1 PAI3P · δουλεύωarticular infinitive (result: 'so that they do not serve')→ ongoing verbal processδουλεύω: meaning 'to serve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (result: 'so that they do not serve').
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θηρίαwild beastsN2N NPN · θηρίονcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceθηρίον: meaning 'wild beasts'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγροῦfieldN2 GSM · ἀγρόςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνηcattleN3E NPN · κτῆνοςaccusative object or complement→ participant prominenceκτῆνος: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πετεινὰbirdsN2N NPN · πετεινόνsubject of καταφάγεται→ participant prominenceπετεινόν: meaning 'birds'; it serves as subject of καταφάγεται.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχύοςarmy / forceN3U GSF · ἰσχύςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationἰσχύς: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ζήσονταιthey shall liveVF FMI3P · ζάωmain verb (the grant of life)→ futureζάω: meaning 'they shall live'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the grant of life).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN ASM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
8
ἠκούσαμεν γὰρ τὴν σοφίαν σου καὶ τὰ πανουργεύματα τῆς ψυχῆς σου καὶ ἀνηγγέλη πάσῃ τῇ γῇ ὅτι σὺ μόνος ἀγαθὸς ἐν πάσῃ βασιλείᾳ καὶ δυνατὸς ἐν ἐπιστήμῃ καὶ θαυμαστὸς ἐν στρατεύμασιν πολέμου
'For we have heard of your wisdom and the stratagems of your soul, and it has been reported in all the earth that you alone are excellent in every kingdom, mighty in knowledge, and marvelous in the campaigns of war.'
Judith sustains the flattery by casting Holofernes as uniquely wise and invincible.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
ἠκούσαμενhearVAI AAI1P · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πανουργεύματαstratagemsN3M APN · πανούργευμαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseπανούργευμα: meaning 'stratagems'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῆςsoulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as genitive object of κατά.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνηγγέληit was announcedVDI API3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verb (impersonal passive)→ constative aoristἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'it was announced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (impersonal passive).
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῇlandN1 DSF · γῆdative of place→ sphere or referenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as dative of place.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal term functioning in a nom relation→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal term functioning in a nom relation.
μόνοςmonosA1 NSM · μόνοςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ participant prominenceμόνος: meaning 'monos'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
ἀγαθὸςgoodA1 NSM · ἀγαθόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
βασιλείᾳkingdomN1A DSF · βασιλείαdative complement within the clause or phrase→ sphere or referenceβασιλεία: meaning 'kingdom'; it serves as dative complement within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δυνατὸςmighty / strongA1 NSM · δυνατόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceδυνατός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ἐπιστήμῃepistemeN1 DSF · ἐπιστήμηnominal term functioning in a dat relation→ sphere or referenceἐπιστήμη: meaning 'episteme'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a dat relation.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θαυμαστὸςwonderful / marvelousA1 NSM · θαυμαστόςpredicate adjective (further description of the addressee)→ participant prominenceθαυμαστός: meaning 'wonderful'; it serves as predicate adjective (further description of the addressee).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
στρατεύμασινcampaignsN3M DPN · στράτευμαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseστράτευμα: meaning 'campaigns'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
πολέμουwarN2 GSM · πόλεμοςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλεμος: meaning 'war'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
9
καὶ νῦν ὁ λόγος ὃν ἐλάλησεν Αχιωρ ἐν τῇ συνεδρίᾳ σου ἠκούσαμεν τὰ ῥήματα αὐτοῦ ὅτι περιεποιήσαντο αὐτὸν οἱ ἄνδρες Βαιτυλουα καὶ ἀνήγγειλεν αὐτοῖς πάντα ὅσα ἐξελάλησεν παρὰ σοί
'And now, concerning the word that Achior spoke in your council, we have heard his words, because the men of Bethulia spared him, and he told them everything that he had spoken from you.'
She invokes Achior's earlier warning as a reliable analysis of Israel's condition.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοςwordN2 NSM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ΑχιωρAhihudN NSM · Αχιωρnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)Αχιωρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συνεδρίᾳcouncilN1A DSF · συνεδρίαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseσυνεδρία: meaning 'council'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἠκούσαμενhearVAI AAI1P · ἀκούωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιεποιήσαντοact/doVAI AMI3P · ποιέω + περιfinite verb advancing the clauseποιέω + περι: meaning 'act'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
ΒαιτυλουαBethuliaN GSF · Βαιτυλουαproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαιτυλουα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήγγειλενproclaimVAI AAI3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ constative aoristἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
ἐξελάλησενspoke outVAI AAI3S · λαλέω + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause's action or processλαλέω + ἐκ: meaning 'spoke out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
10
διό δέσποτα κύριε μὴ παρέλθῃς τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ ἀλλὰ κατάθου αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου ὅτι ἐστὶν ἀληθής οὐ γὰρ ἐκδικᾶται τὸ γένος ἡμῶν οὐ κατισχύει ῥομφαία ἐπ' αὐτούς ἐὰν μὴ ἁμάρτωσιν εἰς τὸν θεὸν αὐτῶν
'Therefore, master and lord, do not disregard his word, but lay it up in your heart, because it is true: our nation is not punished and the sword does not prevail against them unless they sin against their God.'
Judith states the covenant logic plainly, using genuine theology in the service of a deceptive military proposal.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
διόthereforeC · διόconnective or modifier structuring the clause in contextδιό: meaning 'therefore'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέσποταmasterN1M VSM · δεσπότηςvocative (direct address)→ direct addressδεσπότης: meaning 'master'; it serves as vocative (direct address).
κύριεlordN2 VSM · κύριοςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'lord'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
παρέλθῃςpass byVB AAS2S · ἔρχομαι + παραmain verb of apodosis (negative command: prohibitive subjunctive)ἔρχομαι + παρα: meaning 'pass by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of apodosis (negative command: prohibitive subjunctive).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατάθουput back / placeVE AMD2S · τίθημι + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clauseτίθημι + κατα: meaning 'put back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐστὶνeimiV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ present of identificationεἰμί: meaning 'eimi'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
ἀληθήςtruthfulA3H NSM · ἀληθήςadjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation→ living God and the vanity of idolsἀληθής: meaning 'truthful'; it serves as adjectival or numerical term functioning in a nom relation.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικᾶταιis avengedV2 PMI3S · δικέω + ἐκmain verb (the blood is avenged)δικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'is avenged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the blood is avenged).
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γένοςkindN3E NSN · γένοςobject of κατάγένος: meaning 'kind'; it serves as object of κατά.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατισχύειprevail over / strengthenV1 PAI3S · ἰσχύω + καταfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ received wisdom and human limitationἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'prevail over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ῥομφαίαswordN1A NSF · ῥομφαίαsubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceῥομφαία: meaning 'sword'; it serves as subject of ἐγένετο.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἁμάρτωσινI have sinnedVB AAS3P · ἁμαρτάνωverb of relative clauseἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'I have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of relative clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
11
καὶ νῦν ἵνα μὴ γένηται ὁ κύριός μου ἔκβολος καὶ ἄπρακτος καὶ ἐπιπεσεῖται θάνατος ἐπὶ πρόσωπον αὐτῶν καὶ κατελάβετο αὐτοὺς ἁμάρτημα ἐν ᾧ παροργιοῦσιν τὸν θεὸν αὐτῶν ὁπηνίκα ἂν ποιήσωσιν ἀτοπίαν
'And now, so that my lord may not be driven back and left without success, death has now fallen upon their face, and sin has overtaken them, by which they provoke their God whenever they commit outrage.'
She claims that the moment Achior described has now arrived: Israel stands on the edge of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναpurpose conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
γένηταιbecome / happenVB AMS3S · γίγνομαιfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ subjunctive contingencyγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόςlordN2 NSM · κύριοςsubject (human master)→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'lord'; it serves as subject (human master).
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἔκβολοςdriven backA1B NSM · ἔκβολοςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseἔκβολος: meaning 'driven back'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄπρακτοςwithout successA1B NSM · ἄπρακτοςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseἄπρακτος: meaning 'without success'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιπεσεῖταιfell uponVF2 FMI3S · πίπτω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ lawsuit, hiddenness, and risky hopeπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'fell upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
θάνατοςdeathN2 NSM · θάνατοςsubject of συναντήσῃ (first of two feared outcomes)→ participant prominenceθάνατος: meaning 'death'; it serves as subject of συναντήσῃ (first of two feared outcomes).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατελάβετοcapturedVBI AMI3S · λαμβάνω + καταmain verb (capture of the city)→ aorist middleλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'captured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (capture of the city).
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἁμάρτημαsinN3M NSN · ἁμάρτημαsubject of ἔστινἁμάρτημα: meaning 'sin'; it serves as subject of ἔστιν.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ᾧwhichRR DSN · ὅςrelative pronoun (dative, antecedent τόπῳ)→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (dative, antecedent τόπῳ).
παροργιοῦσινthey might provoke to angerVF2 FAI3P · ὀργίζω + παραverb of ὅπως-clause (the effect of the idolatry)ὀργίζω + παρα: meaning 'they might provoke to anger'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of ὅπως-clause (the effect of the idolatry).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὁπηνίκαwheneverD · ὁπηνίκαconnective or modifier structuring the clause in contextὁπηνίκα: meaning 'whenever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσωσινthey make / causeVA AAS3P · ποιέωverb of negative purpose clause (subjunctive after ἵνα μή)→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'they make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of negative purpose clause (subjunctive after ἵνα μή).
ἀτοπίανoutrageN1A ASF · ἀτοπίαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseἀτοπία: meaning 'outrage'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
12
ἐπεὶ παρεξέλιπεν αὐτοὺς τὰ βρώματα καὶ ἐσπανίσθη πᾶν ὕδωρ ἐβουλεύσαντο ἐπιβαλεῖν τοῖς κτήνεσιν αὐτῶν καὶ πάντα ὅσα διεστείλατο αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς τοῖς νόμοις αὐτοῦ μὴ φαγεῖν διέγνωσαν δαπανῆσαι
'Since their food has failed them and all their water has grown scarce, they have resolved to lay hands even on their livestock, and all that God commanded them by his laws not to eat they have determined to consume.'
The deprivation of the siege is presented as the pressure that will push Bethulia into sacrilege.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
ἐπεὶwhenC · ἐπείtemporal conjunction (introducing protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐπεὶ: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεξέλιπενfailedVBI AAI3S · λείπω + παρα + ἐκverbal element carrying the clause's action or processλείπω + παρα + ἐκ: meaning 'failed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βρώματαfoodN3M NPN · βρῶμαdirect object of ἀγοράσαι→ locust devastation and communal lamentβρῶμα: meaning 'food'; it serves as direct object of ἀγοράσαι.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσπανίσθηbrought low / made scarceVCI API3S · σπανίζωparticiple (perfect: settled condition of depletion)σπανίζω: meaning 'brought low'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle (perfect: settled condition of depletion).
πᾶνall / everyA3 NSN · πᾶςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ὕδωρwaterN3 NSN · ὕδωρsubject→ participant prominenceὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as subject.
ἐβουλεύσαντοtook counselVAI AMI3P · βουλεύωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristβουλεύω: meaning 'took counsel'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐπιβαλεῖνby putting / to putVB AAN · βάλλω + ἐπιepexegetic/consecutive infinitive (specifying the manner of destruction)→ aorist infinitive of intended actionβάλλω + ἐπι: meaning 'by putting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as epexegetic/consecutive infinitive (specifying the manner of destruction).
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνεσινcattleN3E DPN · κτῆνοςdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceκτῆνος: meaning 'cattle'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ὅσαas much asA1 APN · ὅσοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ object specificationὅσος: meaning 'as much as'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
διεστείλατοwithstood / held them offVAI AMI3S · στέλλω + διαmain verb of the causal clauseστέλλω + δια: meaning 'withstood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the causal clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμοιςlawN2 DPM · νόμοςdative complement / reference or instrument→ sphere or referenceνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as dative complement / reference or instrument.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
φαγεῖνesthioVB AAN · ἐσθίωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ infinitival complementἐσθίω: meaning 'esthio'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
διέγνωσανdeterminedVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκω + διαverbal element carrying the clause's action or processγιγνώσκω + δια: meaning 'determined'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
δαπανῆσαιuse upVA AAN · δαπανάωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processδαπανάω: meaning 'use up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
13
καὶ τὰς ἀπαρχὰς τοῦ σίτου καὶ τὰς δεκάτας τοῦ οἴνου καὶ τοῦ ἐλαίου ἃ διεφύλαξαν ἁγιάσαντες τοῖς ἱερεῦσιν τοῖς παρεστηκόσιν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ ἀπέναντι τοῦ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν κεκρίκασιν ἐξαναλῶσαι ὧν οὐδὲ ταῖς χερσὶν καθῆκεν ἅψασθαι οὐδένα τῶν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ
'And the firstfruits of the grain and the tithes of the wine and the oil, which they had kept and consecrated for the priests standing in Jerusalem before the face of our God, they have decided to use up, though it is not fitting that any of the people should so much as touch these with their hands.'
The speech sharpens the charge: they are ready to consume what has been set apart for priestly use.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρχὰςfirstfruitsN1 APF · ἀπαρχήdirect object of οἴσετε (third item)→ object specificationἀπαρχή: meaning 'firstfruits'; it serves as direct object of οἴσετε (third item).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σίτουgrainN2 GSM · σῖτοςgenitive of content (fill with grain)→ relational specificationσῖτος: meaning 'grain'; it serves as genitive of content (fill with grain).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεκάταςtithesA1 APF · δέκατοςdirect object (coordinate with θυσίαν, εὐχὰς)δέκατος: meaning 'tithes'; it serves as direct object (coordinate with θυσίαν, εὐχὰς).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλαίουoilN2N GSN · ἔλαιονpartitive genitive (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as partitive genitive (object of ἀπό).
ἃwho / whichRR APN · ὅςacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
διεφύλαξανkeptVAI AAI3P · φυλάσσω + διαverbal element carrying the clause's action or processφυλάσσω + δια: meaning 'kept'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἁγιάσαντεςhaving consecratedVA · ααπνπμ ἁγιάζωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processααπνπμ ἁγιάζω: meaning 'having consecrated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῦσινpriestsN3V DPM · ἱερεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς: meaning 'priests'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεστηκόσινwho attend / stand byVXI XAPDPM I(/STHMI PARAattributive participle (modifying παιδαρίοις)παρεστηκόσιν: meaning 'who attend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (modifying παιδαρίοις).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeP · ἀπέναντιpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κεκρίκασινjudgeVX XAI3P · κρίνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseκρίνω: meaning 'judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐξαναλῶσαιto consume utterly / make an end ofVA AAN · ἁλίσκω + ἐκ + ἀναcomplementary infinitive (with δυνήσῃ)→ infinitival complementἁλίσκω + ἐκ + ἀνα: meaning 'to consume utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (with δυνήσῃ).
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέnegative coordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερσὶνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
καθῆκενlowered / let downVAI AAI3S · ἵημι + καταverb of iterative temporal clause (Moses lowers his hands)ἵημι + κατα: meaning 'lowered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of iterative temporal clause (Moses lowers his hands).
ἅψασθαιto touchVA AMN · ἅπτομαιcomplementary infinitive (with δυνησόμεθα)→ verbal formἅπτομαι: meaning 'to touch'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (with δυνησόμεθα).
οὐδέναno oneA3 ASM · οὐδείςdirect object / accusative complement→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileοὐδείς: meaning 'no one'; it serves as direct object / accusative complement.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
14
καὶ ἀπεστάλκασιν εἰς Ιερουσαλημ ὅτι καὶ οἱ ἐκεῖ κατοικοῦντες ἐποίησαν ταῦτα τοὺς μετακομίσοντας αὐτοῖς τὴν ἄφεσιν παρὰ τῆς γερουσίας
'And they have sent to Jerusalem, because even those dwelling there have done this, to receive from the council permission that may be brought back to them.'
Judith claims that formal authorization is being sought, making the impending sin seem administratively imminent.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεστάλκασινhave sentVX XAI3P · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'have sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverb of place→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταparticiple identifying the residence of the scribal families→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle identifying the residence of the scribal families.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μετακομίσονταςthose bringing backVF · φαπαπμ κομίζω + μεταverbal element carrying the clause's action or processφαπαπμ κομίζω + μετα: meaning 'those bringing back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄφεσινrelease / remissionN3I ASF · ἄφεσιςdirect object of ποιήσεις→ object specificationἄφεσις: meaning 'release'; it serves as direct object of ποιήσεις.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γερουσίαςcouncil of eldersN1A GSF · γερουσίαgenitive governed by ἔναντι (the witnessing tribunal)γερουσία: meaning 'council of elders'; it serves as genitive governed by ἔναντι (the witnessing tribunal).
15
καὶ ἔσται ὡς ἂν ἀναγγείλῃ αὐτοῖς καὶ ποιήσωσιν δοθήσονταί σοι εἰς ὄλεθρον ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ἐκείνῃ
'And it will be, when it is reported to them and they do it, that on that very day they will be given over to you for destruction.'
She ties Assyrian victory to a precise moral and ritual tipping point.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίcopula→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as copula.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγείλῃhe might make knownVA AAS3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverb of purpose clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'he might make known'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of purpose clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσωσινthey make / causeVA AAS3P · ποιέωverb of negative purpose clause (subjunctive after ἵνα μή)→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'they make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of negative purpose clause (subjunctive after ἵνα μή).
δοθήσονταίgiveVC FPI3P · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ὄλεθρονdestructionN2 ASM · ὄλεθροςaccusative of result (with εἰς)→ object specificationὄλεθρος: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative of result (with εἰς).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐκείνῃthatRD DSF · ἐκεῖνοςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐκείνῃ: meaning 'that'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
16
ὅθεν ἐγὼ ἡ δούλη σου ἐπιγνοῦσα ταῦτα πάντα ἀπέδρων ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν καὶ ἀπέστειλέν με ὁ θεὸς ποιῆσαι μετὰ σοῦ πράγματα ἐφ' οἷς ἐκστήσεται πᾶσα ἡ γῆ ὅσοι ἐὰν ἀκούσωσιν αὐτά
'For this reason I, your slave, having come to know all these things, fled from their presence; and God has sent me to do with you deeds at which all the earth will be astonished, as many as hear them.'
She recasts her defection as a divinely ordered means by which Holofernes will achieve world-shaking success.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ὅθενfrom where / whereverD · ὅθενrelative adverb (locative — introducing the indefinite relative clause)→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileὅθεν: meaning 'from where'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼI / meRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληslaveN1 NSF · δούληnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierδούλη: meaning 'slave'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπιγνοῦσαhaving learnedVB · ααπνσφ γινώσκω + ἐπιverbal element carrying the clause's action or processααπνσφ γινώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'having learned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἀπέδρωνfledVBI AAPNSFDIDRA/SKW · ἀποverbal element carrying the clause's action or processἀπο: meaning 'fled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλένsentVAI AAI3S · στέλλω + ἀποmain verb (the LORD's commissioning of Saul)→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the LORD's commissioning of Saul).
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώdirect object→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ποιῆσαιmake / doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement→ infinitival complementποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose or complement.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment).
σοῦyouRP GS · σύgenitive object of μετά→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μετά.
πράγματαmatterN3M APN · πρᾶγμαaccusative object / complement within the clause→ integrity, generosity, and social orderπρᾶγμα: meaning 'matter'; it serves as accusative object / complement within the clause.
ἐφ'ephP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'eph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPN · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐκστήσεταιshall be astonishedVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἐκmain verb (reaction of the passer-by)→ future force: projected action or resultἵστημι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall be astonished'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (reaction of the passer-by).
πᾶσαallA1S NSF · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'as many as'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀκούσωσινthey may hear / understandVA AAS3P · ἀκούωverb of purpose clause→ verbal form contributing the clause's action or stateἀκούω: meaning 'they may hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of purpose clause.
αὐτάthemRD APN · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτά: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
17
ὅτι ἡ δούλη σου θεοσεβής ἐστιν καὶ θεραπεύουσα νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας τὸν θεὸν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ νῦν μενῶ παρὰ σοί κύριέ μου καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ἡ δούλη σου κατὰ νύκτα εἰς τὴν φάραγγα καὶ προσεύξομαι πρὸς τὸν θεόν καὶ ἐρεῖ μοι πότε ἐποίησαν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτῶν
'For your slave is God-fearing and serves the God of heaven night and day; and now I will remain beside you, my lord, and your slave will go out by night into the ravine, and I will pray to God, and he will tell me when they have committed their sins.'
Judith uses authentic piety as part of the mechanism of her ruse, requesting freedom of movement.
Word-by-word analysis· 45 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληslaveN1 NSF · δούληnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierδούλη: meaning 'slave'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
θεοσεβήςgod-fearingA3 NSF · θεοσεβήςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseθεοσεβής: meaning 'god-fearing'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θεραπεύουσαservingV1 · παπνσφ θεραπεύωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processπαπνσφ θεραπεύω: meaning 'serving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
νυκτὸςnyxN3 GSF · νύξgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationνύξ: meaning 'nyx'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμέραςdaysN1A GSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'days'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μενῶI will wait / tarryVF2 FAI1S · μένωmain verb (Joab refuses to delay)→ futureμένω: meaning 'I will wait'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Joab refuses to delay).
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
σοίyourRP DS · σύpronoun→ participant reference or interestσοί: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun.
κύριέO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative of addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative of address.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (prophetic prediction)→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall come forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (prophetic prediction).
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούληslaveN1 NSF · δούληnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierδούλη: meaning 'slave'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbyP · κατάpreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
νύκταnyktaN3 ASF · νύξnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationνύξ: meaning 'nykta'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φάραγγαvalley / ravineN3G ASF · φάραγξdirect object / locative (place of assembly)→ object specificationφάραγξ: meaning 'valley'; it serves as direct object / locative (place of assembly).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεύξομαιI will prayVF FMI1S · εὔχομαι + προςmain verb (Samuel's promise of intercession)→ futureεὔχομαι + προς: meaning 'I will pray'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Samuel's promise of intercession).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative in apposition to κύριον→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative in apposition to κύριον.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖsayVF2 FAI3S · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ futureεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώdative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
πότεpoteD · πότεadverbial or negative particle modifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπότε: meaning 'pote'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτήματαsinsN3M APN · ἁμάρτημαdirect object of ἀνήσει→ object specificationἁμάρτημα: meaning 'sins'; it serves as direct object of ἀνήσει.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
18
καὶ ἐλθοῦσα προσανοίσω σοι καὶ ἐξελεύσῃ σὺν πάσῃ τῇ δυνάμει σου καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὃς ἀντιστήσεταί σοι ἐξ αὐτῶν
'Then I will come and report to you, and you shall go out with all your force, and there will be none among them who can resist you.'
She offers herself as the decisive intelligence link between divine knowledge and military action.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλθοῦσαgoing / having goneVB · ααπνσφ ἔρχομαιtemporal participle (the sister's movement: before calling)→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνσφ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'going'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as temporal participle (the sister's movement: before calling).
προσανοίσωreportVF FAI1S · φέρω + προς + ἀναverbal element carrying the clause's action or processφέρω + προς + ἀνα: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσῃyou shall go outVF FMI2S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (Israel's advance)→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'you shall go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Israel's advance).
σὺνwithP · σύνpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσὺν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (accompaniment).
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostN3I DSF · δύναμιςdative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: meaning 'army'; it serves as dative of sphere.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀντιστήσεταίwithstood / opposedVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀντιverb of the remembered clause (Amalek's hostile act)→ futureἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'withstood'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the remembered clause (Amalek's hostile act).
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
19
καὶ ἄξω σε διὰ μέσου τῆς Ιουδαίας ἕως τοῦ ἐλθεῖν ἀπέναντι Ιερουσαλημ καὶ θήσω τὸν δίφρον σου ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς καὶ ἄξεις αὐτοὺς ὡς πρόβατα οἷς οὐκ ἔστιν ποιμήν καὶ οὐ γρύξει κύων τῇ γλώσσῃ αὐτοῦ ἀπέναντί σου ὅτι ταῦτα ἐλαλήθη μοι κατὰ πρόγνωσίν μου καὶ ἀπηγγέλη μοι καὶ ἀπεστάλην ἀναγγεῖλαί σοι
'And I will lead you through the midst of Judea until you come opposite Jerusalem, and I will set your chariot in her midst; and you will drive them like sheep that have no shepherd, and not even a dog will growl with its tongue before you, because these things were spoken to me according to my foreknowledge, and they were reported to me, and I was sent to report them to you.'
The promise swells into an image of effortless dominion, climaxing her deception with prophetic-sounding certainty.
Word-by-word analysis· 52 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξωbringVF FAI1S · ἄγωmain verbal predicate→ futureἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
διὰthrough / because ofP · διάpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
μέσουmidstA1 GSN · μέσοςcommon noun within the clause→ genitive element marking relation or specificationμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ participant identificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ infinitival complementἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἀπέναντιbefore / oppositeP · ἀπέναντιpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θήσωI will set / placeVF FAI1S · τίθημιmain verb (divine promise of borders)→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'I will set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (divine promise of borders).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίφρονcouch / seatN2 ASM · δίφροςobject of ἐπί ('on the couch')→ object specificationδίφρος: meaning 'couch'; it serves as object of ἐπί ('on the couch').
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
μέσῳmidstA1 DSN · μέσοςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ dative element marking sphere, relation, or instrumentμέσος: meaning 'midst'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄξειςyou shall bringVF FAI2S · ἄγωfuture indicative with imperatival force→ futureἄγω: meaning 'you shall bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as future indicative with imperatival force.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
οἷςwho / whichRR DPN · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ποιμήνshepherdN3N NSM · ποιμήνnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or appositionποιμήν: meaning 'shepherd'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γρύξειshall growlVF FAI3S · γρύζωmain verb (negative prediction: total silence among Israel)γρύζω: meaning 'shall growl'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (negative prediction: total silence among Israel).
κύωνdogN3 NSM · κύωνsubject of καταρᾶται→ participant prominenceκύων: meaning 'dog'; it serves as subject of καταρᾶται.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλώσσῃtongueN1S DSF · γλῶσσαdative of instrument ('with its tongue')→ sphere or referenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'tongue'; it serves as dative of instrument ('with its tongue').
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπέναντίbefore / oppositeP · ἀπέναντιpreposition taking a complement within the phraseἀπέναντί: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταthese thingsRD NPN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐλαλήθηspeakVCI API3S · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώdative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
κατὰbyP · κατάpreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
πρόγνωσίνforeknowledgeN3I ASF · πρόγνωσιςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseπρόγνωσις: meaning 'foreknowledge'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπηγγέληreportVDI API3S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώdative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπεστάληνwas sentVDI API1S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ present assertionστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'was sent'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἀναγγεῖλαίproclaimVA AAN · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ infinitival complementἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaim'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
σοιto youRP DS · σύdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
20
καὶ ἤρεσαν οἱ λόγοι αὐτῆς ἐναντίον Ολοφέρνου καὶ ἐναντίον πάντων τῶν θεραπόντων αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐθαύμασαν ἐπὶ τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτῆς καὶ εἶπαν
And her words pleased Holofernes and all his servants, and they marveled at her wisdom and said,
Her combination of beauty, piety, and political acumen has the intended effect on the Assyrian court.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤρεσανpleasedVAI AAI3P · ἀρέσκωmain verb (recording formal approval)ἀρέσκω: meaning 'pleased'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (recording formal approval).
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιthing / wordN2 NPM · λόγοςnominative term in clause/list→ participant prominenceλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as nominative term in clause/list.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάντωνallA3 GPM · πᾶςgen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as gen adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεραπόντωνservantsN3T GPM · θεράπωνobject of second ἐναντίονθεράπων: meaning 'servants'; it serves as object of second ἐναντίον.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθαύμασανheld in honor / admiredVAI AAI3P · θαυμάζωperfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας)→ repentance, intercession, and restorationθαυμάζω: meaning 'held in honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as perfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σοφίᾳwisdomN1A DSF · σοφίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as dative complement.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
21
οὐκ ἔστιν τοιαύτη γυνὴ ἀπ' ἄκρου ἕως ἄκρου τῆς γῆς ἐν καλῷ προσώπῳ καὶ συνέσει λόγων
'There is not such a woman from one end of the earth to the other, in beauty of face and understanding of words.'
The attendants' praise fuses outward beauty with rhetorical intelligence.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
οὐκnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
τοιαύτηsuch / of such a kindA1 NSF · τοιοῦτοςdemonstrative adjective (forward-pointing — 'a day such as the following')→ participant prominenceτοιοῦτος: meaning 'such'; it serves as demonstrative adjective (forward-pointing — 'a day such as the following').
γυνὴwomanN3K NSF · γυνήsubject→ participant prominenceγυνή: meaning 'woman'; it serves as subject.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἄκρουendA1A GSN · ἄκροςgenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἄκρος: meaning 'end'; it serves as genitive object of ἀπό.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
ἄκρουendA1A GSN · ἄκροςgenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationἄκρος: meaning 'end'; it serves as genitive object of ἀπό.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςlandN1 GSF · γῆgenitival dependent within the phrase→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitival dependent within the phrase.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
καλῷgoodA1 DSN · καλόςattributive adjective (modifying γήρει: 'a good old age')καλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying γήρει: 'a good old age').
προσώπῳof faceN2N DSN · πρόσωπονdative of respect (with ἀναιδές)→ sphere or referenceπρόσωπον: meaning 'of face'; it serves as dative of respect (with ἀναιδές).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέσειin understandingN3I DSF · σύνεσιςdative of respect (specifying the sphere of her goodness)→ sphere or referenceσύνεσις: meaning 'in understanding'; it serves as dative of respect (specifying the sphere of her goodness).
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
22
καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὴν Ολοφέρνης εὖ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς ἀποστείλας σε ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ γενηθῆναι ἐν χερσὶν ἡμῶν κράτος ἐν δὲ τοῖς φαυλίσασι τὸν κύριόν μου ἀπώλειαν
And Holofernes said to her, 'God has done well to send you before the people, so that there may be strength in our hands, but destruction among those who treated my lord lightly.'
He interprets Judith's coming as divine endorsement of his own campaign.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
εὖwellD · εὖadverb (with ποιῆσαι: 'to do good')→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖ: meaning 'well'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐποίησενdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
ἀποστείλαςaposteilasVA · ααπνσμ στέλλω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipααπνσμ στέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'aposteilas'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γενηθῆναιto be / to occurVC APN · γίγνομαιgenitive articular infinitive (complementary with παυσάσθω: 'cease from occurring')→ infinitival complementγίγνομαι: meaning 'to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as genitive articular infinitive (complementary with παυσάσθω: 'cease from occurring').
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
χερσὶνhandN3 DPF · χείρdative complement within the clause→ sphere or referenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as dative complement within the clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κράτοςmight / forceN3E ASN · κράτοςaccusative with κατά (idiomatic adverbial: 'mightily')→ object specificationκράτος: meaning 'might'; it serves as accusative with κατά (idiomatic adverbial: 'mightily').
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
δὲandX · δέtransitional particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φαυλίσασιtreating lightlyVA · ααπδπμ φαυλίζωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processααπδπμ φαυλίζω: meaning 'treating lightly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριόνmasterN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'master'; it serves as accusative object of πρός.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative object / complement within the clause→ object specificationἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative object / complement within the clause.
23
καὶ νῦν ἀστεία εἶ σὺ ἐν τῷ εἴδει σου καὶ ἀγαθὴ ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου ὅτι ἐὰν ποιήσῃς καθὰ ἐλάλησας ὁ θεός σου ἔσται μου θεός καὶ σὺ ἐν οἴκῳ βασιλέως Ναβουχοδονοσορ καθήσῃ καὶ ἔσῃ ὀνομαστὴ παρὰ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν
'And now you are beautiful in your appearance and good in your words. If you do as you have spoken, your God shall be my God, and you shall sit in the house of King Nebuchadnezzar and be renowned throughout all the earth.'
The chapter closes with Holofernes offering Judith assimilation into imperial glory, not realizing she is preparing his downfall.
Word-by-word analysis· 40 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀστείαgracefulA1A NSF · ἀστεῖοςpredicate adjective (with ἡ ὁδός: 'your way is not seemly')ἀστεῖος: meaning 'graceful'; it serves as predicate adjective (with ἡ ὁδός: 'your way is not seemly').
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal term functioning in a nom relation→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal term functioning in a nom relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἴδειappearanceN3E DSN · εἶδοςdative of respect→ sphere or referenceεἶδος: meaning 'appearance'; it serves as dative of respect.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀγαθὴgoodA1 NSF · ἀγαθόςnominative element functioning as subject or predicate→ participant prominenceἀγαθός: meaning 'good'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject or predicate.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγοιςwordN2 DPM · λόγοςcommon noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσῃςyou doVA AAS2S · ποιέωverb of the protasis (second condition)→ subjunctive contingencyποιέω: meaning 'you do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of the protasis (second condition).
καθὰasD · καθάcomparative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθὰ: meaning 'as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησαςspeakVAI AAI2S · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative in apposition to κύριος.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἔσταιshall beVF FMI3S · εἰμίcopula→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'shall be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as copula.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative in apposition to κύριος→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative in apposition to κύριος.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal term functioning in a nom relation→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal term functioning in a nom relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
βασιλέωςkingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΝαβουχοδονοσορNebuchadnezzarN GSM · Ναβουχοδονοσορsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΝαβουχοδονοσορ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as subject (indeclinable proper noun).
καθήσῃsitVF FMI2S · ἵημι + καταmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative actionἵημι + κατα: meaning 'sit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσῃisVF FMI2S · εἰμίcopula→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as copula.
ὀνομαστὴrenownedA1 NSF · ὀνομαστόςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceὀνομαστός: meaning 'renowned'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.