1
καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς ἐπαύσατο βοῶσα πρὸς τὸν θεὸν Ισραηλ καὶ συνετέλεσεν πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα
And it came to pass, when she had ceased crying out to the God of Israel and had finished all these words,
The chapter begins by closing Judith's long supplication so that action can immediately follow devotion.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐπαύσατοstopVAI AMI3S · παύωcircumstantial participle→ ingressive aorist middle marking cessationπαύω: meaning 'stop'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
βοῶσαcrying outV3 · παπνσφ βοάωpredicative participle (with ἡ γυνή: 'was crying out')παπνσφ βοάω: meaning 'crying out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as predicative participle (with ἡ γυνή: 'was crying out').
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνετέλεσενcompleteVAI AAI3S · τελέω + συνfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ perfectiveτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ participant referenceταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
2
καὶ ἀνέστη ἀπὸ τῆς πτώσεως καὶ ἐκάλεσεν τὴν ἅβραν αὐτῆς καὶ κατέβη εἰς τὸν οἶκον ἐν ᾧ διέτριβεν ἐν αὐτῷ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν σαββάτων καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς αὐτῆς
that she rose from her prostration, called her maid, and went down into the house in which she stayed during the days of the sabbaths and during her festivals.
Judith moves from public lament to the private space where she will prepare for her mission.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνέστηraise upVHI AAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raise up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτώσεωςfallN3I GSF · πτῶσιςdative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere→ relational specificationπτῶσις: meaning 'fall'; it serves as dative complement marking reference, recipient, means, or sphere.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκάλεσενshe calledVAI AAI3S · καλέωmain verb (naming formula)→ constative aoristκαλέω: meaning 'she called'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (naming formula).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅβρανmaidservantN1A ASF · ἅβραdirect object (whom she sent)ἅβρα: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as direct object (whom she sent).
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατέβηwent downVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶκονhouse / householdN2 ASM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ᾧwhichRR DSM · ὅςrelative pronoun (dative, antecedent τόπῳ)→ participant reference or interestᾧ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as relative pronoun (dative, antecedent τόπῳ).
διέτριβενstayedV1I IAI3S · τρίβω + διαverbal element carrying the clause's action or processτρίβω + δια: meaning 'stayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαββάτωνsabbathsN2N GPN · σάββατονgenitive of definition (with ἡμέρᾳ: 'the day of the sabbaths')→ relational specificationσάββατον: meaning 'sabbaths'; it serves as genitive of definition (with ἡμέρᾳ: 'the day of the sabbaths').
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑορταῖςfeasts / appointed timesN1 DPF · ἑορτήdative of time (with ἐν: 'at my appointed feasts')→ sphere or referenceἑορτή: meaning 'feasts'; it serves as dative of time (with ἐν: 'at my appointed feasts').
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
3
καὶ περιείλατο τὸν σάκκον ὃν ἐνεδεδύκει καὶ ἐξεδύσατο τὰ ἱμάτια τῆς χηρεύσεως αὐτῆς καὶ περιεκλύσατο τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καὶ ἐχρίσατο μύρῳ παχεῖ καὶ διέξανε τὰς τρίχας τῆς κεφαλῆς αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπέθετο μίτραν ἐπ' αὐτῆς καὶ ἐνεδύσατο τὰ ἱμάτια τῆς εὐφροσύνης αὐτῆς ἐν οἷς ἐστολίζετο ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς ζωῆς τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς Μανασση
She removed the sackcloth she had been wearing, took off the garments of her widowhood, washed her body with water, anointed herself with rich ointment, arranged the hair of her head, set a turban upon it, and put on the garments of gladness with which she adorned herself in the days when her husband Manasseh was alive.
The verse carefully reverses the signs of mourning so that Judith may enter the enemy camp under a new visual register.
Word-by-word analysis· 53 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιείλατοremovedVAI AMI3S · αἱρέω + περιmain verb (Tamar removes the veil from herself — mirror of v.14)αἱρέω + περι: meaning 'removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Tamar removes the veil from herself — mirror of v.14).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάκκονsackclothN2 ASM · σάκκοςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ object specificationσάκκος: meaning 'sackcloth'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἐνεδεδύκειhad put onVXI YAI3S · δύω + ἐνmain verbδύω + ἐν: meaning 'had put on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξεδύσατοtake offVAI AMI3S · δύω + ἐκcircumstantial participleδύω + ἐκ: meaning 'take off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsN2N APN · ἱμάτιονdirect object of πλυνεῖ→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as direct object of πλυνεῖ.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χηρεύσεωςwidowhoodN3I GSF · χήρευσιςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseχήρευσις: meaning 'widowhood'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιεκλύσατοwashedVAI AMI3S · κλύω + περιverbal element carrying the clause's action or processκλύω + περι: meaning 'washed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαdirect object of λούσεται→ object specificationσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as direct object of λούσεται.
ὕδατιwith waterN3T DSN · ὕδωρdative of means→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: meaning 'with water'; it serves as dative of means.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐχρίσατοanointedVAI AMI3S · χρίωfinite verb advancing the clauseχρίω: meaning 'anointed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
μύρῳmyronN2N DSN · μύρονcommon noun within the clauseμύρον: meaning 'myron'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
παχεῖthicknessN3E DSN · πάχοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemπάχος: meaning 'thickness'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διέξανεarrangedVAI AAI3S · ξαίνω + διαverbal element carrying the clause's action or processξαίνω + δια: meaning 'arranged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίχαςhairN3 APF · θρίξaccusative of specification (material)→ object specificationθρίξ: meaning 'hair'; it serves as accusative of specification (material).
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῆςkephaleN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'kephale'; it serves as genitive element expressing relation, source, possession, or description.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθετοmade a raidVEI AMI3S · τίθημι + ἐπιmain verb (the accomplished raid)→ constative aoristτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'made a raid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the accomplished raid).
μίτρανturban / mitreN1A ASF · μίτραdirect object of ἐπιθήσεις→ object specificationμίτρα: meaning 'turban'; it serves as direct object of ἐπιθήσεις.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνεδύσατοput onVAI AMI3S · δύω + ἐνmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal→ constative aoristδύω + ἐν: meaning 'put on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsN2N APN · ἱμάτιονdirect object of πλυνεῖ→ object specificationἱμάτιον: meaning 'garments'; it serves as direct object of πλυνεῖ.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐφροσύνηςgladnessN1 GSF · εὐφροσύνηhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ relational specificationεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
οἷςwho / whichRR DPN · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestοἷς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐστολίζετοadorned herselfV1I IMI3S · στολίζωcircumstantial participleστολίζω: meaning 'adorned herself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραιςdayN1A DPF · ἡμέραnominal term functioning as a dative complement→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive of description→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive of description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
Μανασσηof ManassehN1M GSM · Μανασσήςproper name within the list or clauseΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
4
καὶ ἔλαβεν σανδάλια εἰς τοὺς πόδας αὐτῆς καὶ περιέθετο τοὺς χλιδῶνας καὶ τὰ ψέλια καὶ τοὺς δακτυλίους καὶ τὰ ἐνώτια καὶ πάντα τὸν κόσμον αὐτῆς καὶ ἐκαλλωπίσατο σφόδρα εἰς ἀπάτησιν ὀφθαλμῶν ἀνδρῶν ὅσοι ἂν ἴδωσιν αὐτήν
She took sandals for her feet and put on her anklets, bracelets, rings, earrings, and all her ornaments, and made herself exceedingly beautiful for the beguiling of the eyes of whatever men might see her.
Her adornment is explicitly tactical: beauty becomes part of the stratagem by which she will gain access.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtakeVBI AAI3S · λαμβάνωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω: meaning 'take'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
σανδάλιαsandalsN2N APN · σανδάλιονsubject (coordinate with κοῖλα)σανδάλιον: meaning 'sandals'; it serves as subject (coordinate with κοῖλα).
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόδαςpoysN3D APM · πούςaccusative object / complement within the clause→ object specificationπούς: meaning 'poys'; it serves as accusative object / complement within the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιέθετοbe clothed in, wearVEI AMI3S · τίθημι + περιcircumstantial participle→ constative aorist middleτίθημι + περι: meaning 'be clothed in, wear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χλιδῶναςarmlets / braceletsN3W APM · χλιδῶνdirect object of ἔλαβενχλιδῶν: meaning 'armlets'; it serves as direct object of ἔλαβεν.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψέλιαbraceletsN2N APN · ψέλιονdirect object (second gift)→ object specificationψέλιον: meaning 'bracelets'; it serves as direct object (second gift).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δακτυλίουςringsN2 APM · δακτύλιοςdirect object (ornament listed)δακτύλιος: meaning 'rings'; it serves as direct object (ornament listed).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνώτιαearringsN2N APN · ἐνώτιονdirect object of ἔδωκαν (second item surrendered)ἐνώτιον: meaning 'earrings'; it serves as direct object of ἔδωκαν (second item surrendered).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κόσμονornament / adornmentN2 ASM · κόσμοςdirect object of ἀφέλεσθε (coordinate with στολάς)→ object specificationκόσμος: meaning 'ornament'; it serves as direct object of ἀφέλεσθε (coordinate with στολάς).
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκαλλωπίσατοadorned herselfVAI AMI3S · καλλωπίζωmain verb (Tamar's self-adornment — preparation for the encounter)καλλωπίζω: meaning 'adorned herself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Tamar's self-adornment — preparation for the encounter).
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ἀπάτησινbeguilementN3I ASF · ἀπάτησιςhead noun or nominal element within the clauseἀπάτησις: meaning 'beguilement'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ὀφθαλμῶνeyesN2 GPM · ὀφθαλμόςgenitive (source: 'sights of your eyes')→ relational specificationὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as genitive (source: 'sights of your eyes').
ἀνδρῶνmenN3 GPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ὅσοιas many asA1 NPM · ὅσοςadjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceὅσος: meaning 'as many as'; it serves as adjectival or substantival modifier functioning as a nominative term.
ἂνeverX · ἄνmodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἂν: meaning 'ever'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδωσινseeVB AAS3P · ὁράωmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
5
καὶ ἔδωκεν τῇ ἅβρᾳ αὐτῆς ἀσκοπυτίνην οἴνου καὶ καψάκην ἐλαίου καὶ πήραν ἐπλήρωσεν ἀλφίτων καὶ παλάθης καὶ ἄρτων καθαρῶν καὶ περιεδίπλωσε πάντα τὰ ἀγγεῖα αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπέθηκεν αὐτῇ
She gave her maid a skin of wine, a flask of oil, and a bag that she filled with meal, pressed cakes, and clean loaves, and she wrapped up all her vessels and placed them upon her.
Judith prepares not only her appearance but also the provisions that will let her preserve ritual discipline in the enemy camp.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgiveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅβρᾳmaidservantN1A DSF · ἅβραnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierἅβρα: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀσκοπυτίνηνskin-bottleN1 ASF · ἀσκοπυτίνηhead noun or nominal element within the clauseἀσκοπυτίνη: meaning 'skin-bottle'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
οἴνουwineN2 GSM · οἶνοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καψάκηνa cruse / jarN1M ASM · καψάκηςsubject (nominative: 'and a jar of water')καψάκης: meaning 'a cruse'; it serves as subject (nominative: 'and a jar of water').
ἐλαίουoilN2N GSN · ἔλαιονpartitive genitive (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationἔλαιον: meaning 'oil'; it serves as partitive genitive (object of ἀπό).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πήρανbagN1A ASF · πήραhead noun or nominal element within the clauseπήρα: meaning 'bag'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ἐπλήρωσενfulfilledVAI AAI3S · πληρόωmain verb of relative clause (parallel to ἐλάλησεν)→ constative aoristπληρόω: meaning 'fulfilled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of relative clause (parallel to ἐλάλησεν).
ἀλφίτωνparched grain / barley-mealN2 GPN · ἄλφιτονdirect object of ἤνεγκαν (list item)ἄλφιτον: meaning 'parched grain'; it serves as direct object of ἤνεγκαν (list item).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παλάθηςof a cake of figsN1 GSF · παλάθηςgenitive of material/source (modifying κλάσμα)παλάθης: meaning 'of a cake of figs'; it serves as genitive of material/source (modifying κλάσμα).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρτωνof bread / loavesN2 GPM · ἄρτοςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationἄρτος: meaning 'of bread'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καθαρῶνcleanA1A GPM · καθαρόςattributive adjectiveκαθαρός: meaning 'clean'; it serves as attributive adjective.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιεδίπλωσεwrapped upVAI AAI3S · διπλόω + περιverbal element carrying the clause's action or processδιπλόω + περι: meaning 'wrapped up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγγεῖαvesselsN2N APN · ἀγγεῖονdirect object (accessory)→ object specificationἀγγεῖον: meaning 'vessels'; it serves as direct object (accessory).
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέθηκενlay uponVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + ἐπιcircumstantial participle→ constative aoristτίθημι + ἐπι: meaning 'lay upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as circumstantial participle.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
6
καὶ ἐξήλθοσαν ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τῆς πόλεως Βαιτυλουα καὶ εὕροσαν ἐφεστῶτα ἐπ' αὐτῇ Οζιαν καὶ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους τῆς πόλεως Χαβριν καὶ Χαρμιν
Then they went out to the gate of the city of Bethulia and found Uzziah standing over it, along with the elders of the city, Chabris and Charmis.
The city's leaders witness the moment of departure, underscoring that Judith goes with communal knowledge and hope.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξήλθοσανwent outVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (subject πᾶσαι αἱ γυναῖκες)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (subject πᾶσαι αἱ γυναῖκες).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΒαιτυλουαBethuliaN GSF · Βαιτυλουαproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΒαιτυλουα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὕροσανfindVA AAI3P · εὑρίσκωmain verbal predicate→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'find'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal predicate.
ἐφεστῶταstanding overVXI XAPASMI(/STHMI · ἐπιverbal element carrying the clause's action or processἐπι: meaning 'standing over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
ΟζιανUzziahN1T ASM · Οζιαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemΟζιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρεσβυτέρουςelderA1A APMC · πρεσβύτεροςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationπρεσβύτερος: meaning 'elder'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ΧαβρινChabrisN AS · Χαβρινproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΧαβριν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΧαρμινCharmisN AS · Χαρμινproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΧαρμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
7
ὡς δὲ εἶδον αὐτὴν καὶ ἦν ἠλλοιωμένον τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς καὶ τὴν στολὴν μεταβεβληκυῖαν αὐτῆς καὶ ἐθαύμασαν ἐπὶ τῷ κάλλει αὐτῆς ἐπὶ πολὺ σφόδρα καὶ εἶπαν αὐτῇ
When they saw her and saw that her face was altered and her clothing transformed, they marveled greatly at her beauty and said to her,
The elders register both the transformation of Judith's appearance and the force of its effect.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲandX · δέtransitional particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶδονseeVBI AAI3P · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἠλλοιωμένονalteredVM · χμπασν ἀλλοιόωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processχμπασν ἀλλοιόω: meaning 'altered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στολὴνrobeN1 ASF · στολήdirect object / accusative complement→ object specificationστολή: meaning 'robe'; it serves as direct object / accusative complement.
μεταβεβληκυῖανtransformedVX · χαπασφ βάλλω + μεταverbal element carrying the clause's action or processχαπασφ βάλλω + μετα: meaning 'transformed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθαύμασανheld in honor / admiredVAI AAI3P · θαυμάζωperfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας)→ repentance, intercession, and restorationθαυμάζω: meaning 'held in honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as perfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλλειbeautyN3E DSN · κάλλοςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ sphere or referenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πολὺmuchA1P ASN · πολύςattributive adjective (with σπέρμα)→ object specificationπολύς: meaning 'much'; it serves as attributive adjective (with σπέρμα).
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
8
ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν δῴη σε εἰς χάριν καὶ τελειώσαι τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματά σου εἰς γαυρίαμα υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ ὕψωμα Ιερουσαλημ
May the God of our fathers grant you favor and bring your undertakings to completion for the boasting of the sons of Israel and the exaltation of Jerusalem.
Their words interpret her journey as service to Israel's honor and Jerusalem's elevation.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3R GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head termπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δῴηmay he giveVO AAO3S · δίδωμιmain verb (optative of imprecation)→ optative verbal form expressing wish or possibilityδίδωμι: meaning 'may he give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (optative of imprecation).
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
χάρινfavorN3 ASF · χάριςhead noun within the clause→ object specificationχάρις: meaning 'favor'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τελειώσαιhaving been consecratedVA AAN · τελειόωattributive participle (coordinate with ἐπικεχυμένου)τελειόω: meaning 'having been consecrated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as attributive participle (coordinate with ἐπικεχυμένου).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιτηδεύματάpracticesN3M APN · ἐπιτήδευμαobject of διά (cause)ἐπιτήδευμα: meaning 'practices'; it serves as object of διά (cause).
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
γαυρίαμαboastingN3M ASN · γαυρίαμαhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ object specificationγαυρίαμα: meaning 'boasting'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
υἱῶνsonsN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὕψωμαexaltationN3M ASN · ὕψωμαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseὕψωμα: meaning 'exaltation'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
9
καὶ προσεκύνησεν τῷ θεῷ καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτούς ἐπιτάξατε ἀνοῖξαί μοι τὴν πύλην τῆς πόλεως καὶ ἐξελεύσομαι εἰς τελείωσιν τῶν λόγων ὧν ἐλαλήσατε μετ' ἐμοῦ καὶ συνέταξαν τοῖς νεανίσκοις ἀνοῖξαι αὐτῇ καθότι ἐλάλησεν
And she bowed before God and said to them, 'Command that the gate of the city be opened for me, and I will go out for the fulfillment of the words that you spoke with me.' So they ordered the young men to open for her, just as she had said.
Judith's piety and civic authorization are joined together as the gate is opened.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσεκύνησενbow down beforeVAI AAI3S · κυνέω + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristκυνέω + προς: meaning 'bow down before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἐπιτάξατεorder / appointVA AAD2P · τάσσω + ἐπιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or commandτάσσω + ἐπι: meaning 'order'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
ἀνοῖξαίanaVA AAN · οἴγω + ἀναfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ infinitival complementοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'ana'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
μοιfor meRP DS · ἐγώdative of advantage→ participant reference or interestμοι: meaning 'for me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πύληνgateN1 ASF · πύληaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσομαιgo outVF FMI1S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ future projectionἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τελείωσινconsecration / ordinationN3I ASF · τελείωσιςpredicate nominative (with ἔστιν)τελείωσις: meaning 'consecration'; it serves as predicate nominative (with ἔστιν).
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγωνthing / wordN2 GPM · λόγοςgenitive dependent→ relational specificationλόγος: meaning 'thing'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ὧνwho / whichRR GPM · ὅςgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationὧν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐλαλήσατεspeakVAI AAI2P · λαλέωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦI / meRP GS · ἐγώgen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as gen pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέταξανorderedVAI AAI3P · τάσσω + συνverbal element carrying the clause's action or processτάσσω + συν: meaning 'ordered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεανίσκοιςyoung manN2 DPM · νεανίσκοςnominal term functioning as a dative complementνεανίσκος: meaning 'young man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a dative complement.
ἀνοῖξαιopenVA AAN · οἴγω + ἀναverbal form carrying the clause forward within the narrative or petition→ infinitival complementοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'open'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause forward within the narrative or petition.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
καθότιinasmuch as / according asC · καθότιcausal/comparative conjunction→ tested pleasure and limited enjoymentκαθότι: meaning 'inasmuch as'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspeakVAI AAI3S · λαλέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristλαλέω: meaning 'speak'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
10
καὶ ἐποίησαν οὕτως καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Ιουδιθ αὐτὴ καὶ ἡ παιδίσκη αὐτῆς μετ' αὐτῆς ἀπεσκόπευον δὲ αὐτὴν οἱ ἄνδρες τῆς πόλεως ἕως οὗ κατέβη τὸ ὄρος ἕως διῆλθεν τὸν αὐλῶνα καὶ οὐκέτι ἐθεώρουν αὐτήν
And they did so, and Judith went out, she and her maid with her; and the men of the city watched her until she had gone down the mountain and passed through the valley, and they saw her no more.
The city's gaze follows Judith to the point where she disappears into enemy territory.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdidVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
οὕτωςthus / soD · οὕτωςadverbial modifier within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
αὐτὴhe, she, itRD NSF · αὐτόςpronominal modifier / argument→ participant referenceαὐτὴ: meaning 'he, she, it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal modifier / argument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδίσκηmaidservantN1 NSF · παιδίσκηnominative in apposition to Ζελφαπαιδίσκη: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as nominative in apposition to Ζελφα.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπεσκόπευονwatchedV1I IAI3P · σκοπεύω + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause's action or processσκοπεύω + ἀπο: meaning 'watched'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
δὲandX · δέtransitional particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmanN3R NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative termἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεωςcityN3I GSF · πόλιςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
οὗwhereRR GSM · ὅςpronoun in genitival dependence→ relational specificationοὗ: meaning 'where'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
κατέβηwent downVZI AAI3S · βαίνω + καταfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'went down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςorosN3E ASN · ὄροςnominal term functioning in a acc relation→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'oros'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a acc relation.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
διῆλθενpass throughVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + διαfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + δια: meaning 'pass through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῶναvalleyN3N ASM · αὐλώνaccusative substantive functioning as object or complementαὐλών: meaning 'valley'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκέτιno longerD · οὐκέτιadverb qualifying the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκέτι: meaning 'no longer'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐθεώρουνthey saw / beheldV2I IAI3P · θεωρέωmain verb (durative perception of the disaster)→ ongoing verbal processθεωρέω: meaning 'they saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (durative perception of the disaster).
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
11
καὶ ἐπορεύοντο ἐν τῷ αὐλῶνι εἰς εὐθεῖαν καὶ συνήντησεν αὐτῇ προφυλακὴ τῶν Ἀσσυρίων
They went straight on through the valley, and an Assyrian advance guard met her.
The narrative moves from the city's anxious watching to direct contact with the enemy line.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύοντοthey journeyed / kept goingV1I IMI3P · πορεύομαιmain verb (subject: the people)→ verbal form contributing the clause's action or stateπορεύομαι: meaning 'they journeyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (subject: the people).
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐλῶνιaulonN3N DSM · αὐλώνcommon noun within the clauseαὐλών: meaning 'aulon'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
εὐθεῖανstraight / uprightA3U ASF · εὐθύςattributive adjective (modifying ὁδὸν: 'the straight way')→ object specificationεὐθύς: meaning 'straight'; it serves as attributive adjective (modifying ὁδὸν: 'the straight way').
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήντησενmetVAI AAI3S · ἀντάω + συνmain verb (the angel's sudden encounter with Moses)→ eventἀντάω + συν: meaning 'met'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the angel's sudden encounter with Moses).
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
προφυλακὴvanguard / advance guardN1 NSF · προφυλακήpredicate nominative (in apposition to ἡμεῖς)→ participant prominenceπροφυλακή: meaning 'vanguard'; it serves as predicate nominative (in apposition to ἡμεῖς).
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ἀσσυρίωνof the AssyriansN2 GPM · Ἀσσύριοςindeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship)→ participant identificationἈσσυρίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as indeclinable gentilic (genitive of relationship).
12
καὶ συνέλαβον αὐτὴν καὶ ἐπηρώτησαν τίνων εἶ καὶ πόθεν ἔρχῃ καὶ ποῦ πορεύῃ καὶ εἶπεν θυγάτηρ εἰμὶ τῶν Εβραίων καὶ ἀποδιδράσκω ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν ὅτι μέλλουσιν δίδοσθαι ὑμῖν εἰς κατάβρωμα
They seized her and asked, 'Whose are you, and from where do you come, and where are you going?' And she said, 'I am a daughter of the Hebrews, and I am fleeing from them, because they are about to be given to you for food.'
Judith's first deception casts her as a defector who confirms Assyrian expectations of imminent victory.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέλαβονthey took / seizedVBI AAI3P · λαμβάνω + συνmain verb (the capture of the king)→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + συν: meaning 'they took'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the capture of the king).
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπηρώτησανthey inquired (of)VAI AAI3P · ἐρωτάω + ἐπιmain verb (negated: the omitted oracle-seeking)→ constative aoristἐρωτάω + ἐπι: meaning 'they inquired (of)'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (negated: the omitted oracle-seeking).
τίνωνwho / whatRI GPM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clauseτίνων: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
εἶbeV9 PAI2S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόθενwhere fromD · πόθενinterrogative adverb (source)→ discourse linkage or contrastπόθεν: meaning 'where from'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἔρχῃdo you comeV1 PMI2S · ἔρχομαιmain verb (direct question)→ affliction, counsel, and silent companionshipἔρχομαι: meaning 'do you come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (direct question).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποῦwhereD · ποῦinterrogative adverb (introducing deliberative indirect question)→ discourse linkage or contrastποῦ: meaning 'where'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
πορεύῃgo / are goingV1 PAI3S · πορεύομαιmain verb of the ὅτι-clauseπορεύομαι: meaning 'go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the ὅτι-clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
θυγάτηρdaughterN3R NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list itemθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
εἰμὶamV9 PAI1S · εἰμίcopula→ stative presentεἰμί: meaning 'am'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as copula.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕβραίωνHebrewsN2 GPM · Εβραῖοςgenitive of relation (possessive — 'God of the Hebrews')Εβραίων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relation (possessive — 'God of the Hebrews').
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποδιδράσκωI am fleeingV1 PAI1S · διδράσκω + ἀποmain verb (confession of flight)διδράσκω + ἀπο: meaning 'I am fleeing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (confession of flight).
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέλλουσινthey are going toV1 PAI3P · μέλλωmain verb of indirect statement (μέλλω + infinitive = imminent)μέλλω: meaning 'they are going to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of indirect statement (μέλλω + infinitive = imminent).
δίδοσθαιbe givenV8 PMN · δίδωμιmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ deliverance, death, and covenant remembranceδίδωμι: meaning 'be given'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύdative of reference→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of reference.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
κατάβρωμαfoodN3M ASN · κατάβρωμαpredicate nominative (with ἔσονται)→ participant or thing named in the clauseκατάβρωμα: meaning 'food'; it serves as predicate nominative (with ἔσονται).
13
κἀγὼ ἔρχομαι εἰς τὸ πρόσωπον Ολοφέρνου ἀρχιστρατήγου δυνάμεως ὑμῶν τοῦ ἀπαγγεῖλαι ῥήματα ἀληθείας καὶ δείξω πρὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ὁδὸν καθ' ἣν πορεύσεται καὶ κυριεύσει πάσης τῆς ὀρεινῆς καὶ οὐ διαφωνήσει τῶν ἀνδρῶν αὐτοῦ σὰρξ μία οὐδὲ πνεῦμα ζωῆς
'And I am coming before Holofernes, the commander of your army, to report words of truth; and I will show him, before his face, the road by which he will go and gain mastery over all the hill country, and not one flesh or breath of life among his men will be missing.'
She binds her lie to military intelligence, presenting herself as the key to effortless conquest.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
κἀγὼand IC+RPNS · καί̈ἐγώsubstantival or adjectival term contributing to the clause's argument or scene-setting→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί̈ἐγώ: meaning 'and I'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
ἔρχομαιcomeV1 PMI1S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἀρχιστρατήγουcommander-in-chiefN2 GSM · ἀρχιστράτηγοςgenitive in apposition to Σισαραἀρχιστράτηγος: meaning 'commander-in-chief'; it serves as genitive in apposition to Σισαρα.
δυνάμεωςarmyN3I GSF · δύναμιςgenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'army'; it serves as genitive object of ἐπί.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαγγεῖλαιto tellVA AAN · ἀγγέλλω + ἀποcomplementary infinitive (with ἠδύναντο)ἀγγέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'to tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive (with ἠδύναντο).
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
ἀληθείαςtruthN1A GSF · ἀλήθειαgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δείξωI will showVF FAI1S · δεικνύωmain verb (prophetic disclosure of the future vision)→ futureδεικνύω: meaning 'I will show'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (prophetic disclosure of the future vision).
πρὸbeforeP · πρόpreposition taking a complement within the phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition taking a complement within the phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ὁδὸνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ object specificationὁδὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθ'in / duringP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκαθ': meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
πορεύσεταιwill go / proceedVF FMI3S · πορεύομαιmain verb (the Angel's advance)→ futureπορεύομαι: meaning 'will go'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the Angel's advance).
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυριεύσειshall have dominion / ruleVF FAI3S · κυριεύωmain verb of the boast (fifth member; subject ἡ χείρ μου)→ futureκυριεύω: meaning 'shall have dominion'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the boast (fifth member; subject ἡ χείρ μου).
πάσηςeveryoneA1S GSF · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀρεινῆςhill countryN1 GSF · ὀρεινήsubstantivized adjective (genitive object of ἐκ: 'from the hill country')→ relational specificationὀρεινή: meaning 'hill country'; it serves as substantivized adjective (genitive object of ἐκ: 'from the hill country').
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαφωνήσειbe missingVF FAI3S · φωνέω + διαverbal element carrying the clause's action or processφωνέω + δια: meaning 'be missing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρῶνmenN3R GPM · ἀνήρcommon noun within the clauseἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
σὰρξfleshN3K NSF · σάρξcommon noun within the clause→ participant prominenceσάρξ: meaning 'flesh'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μίαoneA1A NSF · εἷςnumeral quantifying persons, objects, measures, or sequence→ measure or countμία: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέnegative coordinating conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πνεῦμαspiritN3M NSN · πνεῦμαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπνεῦμα: meaning 'spirit'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζωῆςlifeN1 GSF · ζωήgenitive of description→ relational specificationζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive of description.
14
ὡς δὲ ἤκουσαν οἱ ἄνδρες τὰ ῥήματα αὐτῆς καὶ κατενόησαν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτῆς καὶ ἦν ἐναντίον αὐτῶν θαυμάσιον τῷ κάλλει σφόδρα καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς αὐτήν
When the men heard her words and observed her face, which was exceedingly marvelous in beauty before them, they said to her,
Her rhetoric and appearance work together to win the confidence of the Assyrian guard.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲandX · δέtransitional particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤκουσανhearVAI AAI3P · ἀκούωfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmanN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματαwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαobject of ποιεῖν→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as object of ποιεῖν.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατενόησανthey observedVAI AAI3P · νοέω + καταmain verb→ constative aoristνοέω + κατα: meaning 'they observed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
θαυμάσιονwondrousA1A ASN · θαυμάσιοςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantiveθαυμάσιος: meaning 'wondrous'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλλειbeautyN3E DSN · κάλλοςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ sphere or referenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
σφόδραgreatly / exceedinglyD · σφόδραparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανthey saidVAI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'they said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
15
σέσωκας τὴν ψυχήν σου σπεύσασα καταβῆναι εἰς πρόσωπον τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν καὶ νῦν πρόσελθε ἐπὶ τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀφ' ἡμῶν προπέμψουσίν σε ἕως παραδώσουσίν σε εἰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ
'You have saved your life by hastening to come down before our lord. And now come to his tent, and from among us some will escort you until they deliver you into his hands.'
The guards read her move as prudent self-preservation and move her toward Holofernes.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
σέσωκαςsave / deliverVX XAI2S · σώζωfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clauseσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoul / appetiteN1 ASF · ψυχήdirect object of ἐμπλήσω→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as direct object of ἐμπλήσω.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
σπεύσασαhasteningVA · ααπνσφ σπεύδωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processααπνσφ σπεύδω: meaning 'hastening'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
καταβῆναιcoming downVZ AAN · βαίνω + καταarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when ... came down')→ infinitival complementβαίνω + κατα: meaning 'coming down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as articular infinitive (temporal: 'when ... came down').
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόσελθεcome towardVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαι + προςmain verb→ aorist portrayal of the action as a complete wholeἔρχομαι + προς: meaning 'come toward'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφ'aphP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀφ': meaning 'aph'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive of possession→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
προπέμψουσίνwill escortVF FAI3P · πέμπω + προmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative actionπέμπω + προ: meaning 'will escort'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
παραδώσουσίνto hand overVF FAI3P · δίδωμι + παραfinite verb advancing the clauseδίδωμι + παρα: meaning 'to hand over'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ object specificationχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
16
ἐὰν δὲ στῇς ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ μὴ φοβηθῇς τῇ καρδίᾳ σου ἀλλὰ ἀνάγγειλον κατὰ τὰ ῥήματά σου καὶ εὖ σε ποιήσει
'But if you stand before him, do not fear in your heart; rather, speak according to your words, and he will treat you well.'
The soldiers coach her for the audience, confident that Holofernes will reward such a defector.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconditional conjunction (+ subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲandX · δέtransitional particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
στῇςstopVH AAS2S · ἵστημιprohibitive subjunctive (second prohibition: do not stop)→ authority, delayed judgment, and hidden providenceἵστημι: meaning 'stop'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as prohibitive subjunctive (second prohibition: do not stop).
ἐναντίονbefore / in the sight ofP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing the following phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
μὴnotD · μήnegative marker qualifying the following verbal or nominal expression→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
φοβηθῇςyou should fearVC APS2S · φοβέωprohibitive subjunctive (negative command)→ verbal form contributing the clause's action or stateφοβέω: meaning 'you should fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as prohibitive subjunctive (negative command).
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳheartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative complement→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as dative complement.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀλλὰbutC · ἀλλάcoordinating or discourse-linking conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλὰ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάγγειλονtell / reportVA AAD2S · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verb (Joab's command to the Cushite)→ verbal action or stateἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'tell'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (Joab's command to the Cushite).
κατὰbyP · κατάpreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥήματάwordsN3M APN · ῥῆμαsubject of καταβήτω→ object specificationῥῆμα: meaning 'words'; it serves as subject of καταβήτω.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive of possession→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὖwellD · εὖadverb (with ποιῆσαι: 'to do good')→ discourse linkage or contrastεὖ: meaning 'well'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
σεyouRP AS · σύdirect object→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ποιήσειwill makeVF FAI3S · ποιέωmain verb (double-accusative: make X Y)→ futureποιέω: meaning 'will make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (double-accusative: make X Y).
17
καὶ ἐπέλεξαν ἐξ αὐτῶν ἄνδρας ἑκατὸν καὶ παρέζευξαν αὐτῇ καὶ τῇ ἅβρᾳ αὐτῆς καὶ ἤγαγον αὐτὰς ἐπὶ τὴν σκηνὴν Ολοφέρνου
And they chose from among themselves one hundred men, and they were assigned to her and to her maid, and they led them to the tent of Holofernes.
The unusually large escort heightens Judith's importance within the camp.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπέλεξανselectedVAI AAI3P · λέγω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action of the clauseλέγω + ἐπι: meaning 'selected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἄνδραςmanN3 APM · ἀνήρnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.
ἑκατὸνa hundredM · ἑκατόνlexical item contributing to the clause or list→ discourse linkage or contrastἑκατὸν: meaning 'a hundred'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρέζευξανassigned as escortVAI AAI3P · ζεύγνυμι + παραverbal element carrying the clause's action or processζεύγνυμι + παρα: meaning 'assigned as escort'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτῇto herRD DSF · αὐτόςdative indirect object→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'to her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative indirect object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅβρᾳmaidservantN1A DSF · ἅβραnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifierἅβρα: meaning 'maidservant'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγονbringVBI AAI3P · ἄγωfinite verb advancing the clause→ constative aoristἄγω: meaning 'bring'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτὰςthemRD APF · αὐτόςpronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group→ participant referenceαὐτὰς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring back to the current family, city, or group.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ object specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
18
καὶ ἐγένετο συνδρομὴ ἐν πάσῃ τῇ παρεμβολῇ διεβοήθη γὰρ εἰς τὰ σκηνώματα ἡ παρουσία αὐτῆς καὶ ἐλθόντες ἐκύκλουν αὐτήν ὡς εἱστήκει ἔξω τῆς σκηνῆς Ολοφέρνου ἕως προσήγγειλαν αὐτῷ περὶ αὐτῆς
And there was a stir throughout the whole camp, for her arrival was rumored among the tents; and people came and surrounded her as she stood outside the tent of Holofernes, until they reported her to him.
Her presence becomes an event that ripples through the Assyrian encampment.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοit came to passVBI AMI3S · γίγνομαιmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'it came to pass'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
συνδρομὴstirN1 NSF · συνδρομήhead noun or nominal element within the clauseσυνδρομή: meaning 'stir'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
πάσῃallA1S DSF · πᾶςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῇcampN1 DSF · παρεμβολήdative of place (locative: 'in the camp')→ sphere or referenceπαρεμβολή: meaning 'camp'; it serves as dative of place (locative: 'in the camp').
διεβοήθηwas spread / was proclaimedVCI API3S · βοάω + διαmain verb (the report spreading through the palace)βοάω + δια: meaning 'was spread'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the report spreading through the palace).
γὰρforX · γάρcommon noun within the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώματαcampN3M APN · σκήνωμαcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationσκήνωμα: meaning 'camp'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρουσίαarrivalN1A NSF · παρουσίαhead noun or nominal element within the clauseπαρουσία: meaning 'arrival'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλθόντεςgoing / having goneVB · ααπνπμ ἔρχομαιparticiple modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force→ verbal form contributing the clause’s actionααπνπμ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'going'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle modifying the clause with attendant or descriptive force.
ἐκύκλουνencircledV4I IAI3P · κυκλόωverb (the measuring line 'went round' the Sea)κυκλόω: meaning 'encircled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb (the measuring line 'went round' the Sea).
αὐτήνherRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
εἱστήκειwas standingVXI YAI3S · ἵστημιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ verbal action or stateἵστημι: meaning 'was standing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἔξωexoP · ἔξωproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ relationἔξω: meaning 'exo'; it shapes the relation of its complement within the clause.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentN1 GSF · σκηνήcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ΟλοφέρνουHolofernesN1M GSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἕωςuntilC · ἕωςpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
προσήγγειλανreportedVAI AAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + προςverbal element carrying the clause's action or processἀγγέλλω + προς: meaning 'reported'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
19
καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ἐπὶ τῷ κάλλει αὐτῆς καὶ ἐθαύμαζον τοὺς υἱοὺς Ισραηλ ἀπ' αὐτῆς καὶ εἶπεν ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ τίς καταφρονήσει τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου ὃς ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ γυναῖκας τοιαύτας ὅτι οὐ καλόν ἐστιν ὑπολείπεσθαι ἐξ αὐτῶν ἄνδρα ἕνα οἳ ἀφεθέντες δυνήσονται κατασοφίσασθαι πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν
They marveled at her beauty, and because of her they marveled at the sons of Israel, and each said to his neighbor, 'Who will despise this people that has such women among itself? It is not good that even one man from them be left behind, for, if left, they would be able to outwit the whole earth.'
Judith's beauty unexpectedly becomes a witness to the dangerous resourcefulness of her people.
Word-by-word analysis· 47 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθαύμαζονmarveledV1I IAI3P · θαυμάζωperfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας)θαυμάζω: meaning 'marveled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as perfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλλειbeautyN3E DSN · κάλλοςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ sphere or referenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθαύμαζονmarveledV1I IAI3P · θαυμάζωperfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας)θαυμάζω: meaning 'marveled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as perfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας).
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςdirect object→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as direct object.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλproper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name in the genealogical or narrative sequence.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristεἶπον: meaning 'said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (speech-introduction).
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονneighborD · πλησίονindeclinable element shaping the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastπλησίον: meaning 'neighbor'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
καταφρονήσειdespiseVF FAI3S · φρονέω + καταverbal element carrying the clause's action or processφρονέω + κατα: meaning 'despise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοῦpeopleN2 GSM · λαόςcommon noun within the clause→ relational specificationλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τούτουthis / theseRD GSM · οὗτοςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ relational specificationτούτου: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ participant referenceὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἔχειhe sets / hasV1 PAI3S · ἔχωmain verb of causal clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'he sets'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of causal clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ἑαυτῷhimself / themselvesRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
γυναῖκαςwivesN3K APF · γυνήaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationγυνή: meaning 'wives'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τοιαύταςtheir equalA1 APF · τοιοῦτοςdirect object (correlative demonstrative: 'such as these')τοιοῦτος: meaning 'their equal'; it serves as direct object (correlative demonstrative: 'such as these').
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐnegative particle→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλόνgoodA1 ASN · καλόςpredicate adjective (indirect statement: 'that it was good')→ object specificationκαλός: meaning 'good'; it serves as predicate adjective (indirect statement: 'that it was good').
ἐστινbeV9 PAI3S · εἰμίparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
ὑπολείπεσθαιto preserve / to leave behindV1 PMN · λείπω + ὑποinfinitive of purpose (God's goal in the sending)→ infinitival complementλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'to preserve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive of purpose (God's goal in the sending).
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἕναoneA3 ASM · εἷςnumeral→ measure or countἕνα: meaning 'one'; numeral expression contributing count or measure in context.
οἳwho / whichRR NPM · ὅςpronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination→ participant referenceοἳ: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal element marking reference, possession, or subordination.
ἀφεθέντεςleft behindVC · αππνπμ ἵημι + ἀποverbal element carrying the clause's action or processαππνπμ ἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'left behind'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
δυνήσονταιshall be ableVF FMI3P · δύναμαιmain verb of impossibility clause→ futureδύναμαι: meaning 'shall be able'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of impossibility clause.
κατασοφίσασθαιoutwitVA AMN · σοφίζω + καταverbal element carrying the clause's action or processσοφίζω + κατα: meaning 'outwit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
20
καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ παρακαθεύδοντες Ολοφέρνῃ καὶ πάντες οἱ θεράποντες αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰσήγαγον αὐτὴν εἰς τὴν σκηνήν
Then those who attended Holofernes and all his servants came out and brought her into the tent.
The narrative narrows from the wider camp to the threshold of Holofernes' private space.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθονthey went outVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb (fulfillment of the command)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'they went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (fulfillment of the command).
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρακαθεύδοντεςattendantsV1 · παπνπμ εὕδω + παρα + καταverbal element carrying the clause's action or processπαπνπμ εὕδω + παρα + κατα: meaning 'attendants'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ΟλοφέρνῃHolofernesN1M DSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνῃ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεράποντεςservants / courtiers / royal ministersN3T NPM · θεράπωνcompound subject (second member: Pharaoh's court officials)θεράπων: meaning 'servants'; it serves as compound subject (second member: Pharaoh's court officials).
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήγαγονI led inVBI AAI3P · ἄγω + εἰςmain verb (second member of the divine recital)→ verbal actionἄγω + εἰς: meaning 'I led in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (second member of the divine recital).
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνήνtentN1 ASF · σκηνήaccusative object of εἰς (the dwelling)→ object specificationσκηνή: meaning 'tent'; it serves as accusative object of εἰς (the dwelling).
21
καὶ ἦν Ολοφέρνης ἀναπαυόμενος ἐπὶ τῆς κλίνης αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ κωνωπίῳ ὃ ἦν ἐκ πορφύρας καὶ χρυσίου καὶ σμαράγδου καὶ λίθων πολυτελῶν καθυφασμένων
Now Holofernes was reclining on his bed under the canopy, which had been woven with purple, gold, emerald, and precious stones.
The description frames Holofernes in imperial splendor and excess before Judith appears before him.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ΟλοφέρνηςHolofernesN1M NSM · Ολοφέρνηςproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΟλοφέρνης: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
ἀναπαυόμενοςrecliningV1 · πμπνσμ παύω + ἀναadverbial participle (circumstance of the desiring — he desired while reclining)πμπνσμ παύω + ἀνα: meaning 'reclining'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as adverbial participle (circumstance of the desiring — he desired while reclining).
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίνηςbierN1 GSF · κλίνηobject of ὀπίσω→ relational specificationκλίνη: meaning 'bier'; it serves as object of ὀπίσω.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κωνωπίῳcanopyN2N DSN · κωνώπιονhead noun or nominal element within the clauseκωνώπιον: meaning 'canopy'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
ὃwhich / whoRR NSN · ὅςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἦνwasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ participant referenceἦν: meaning 'was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
πορφύραςpurpleN1A GSF · πορφύραgenitive of material→ idolatry exposed and covenant fidelity in exileπορφύρα: meaning 'purple'; it serves as genitive of material.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρυσίουgoldN2N GSN · χρυσίονgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationχρυσίον: meaning 'gold'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σμαράγδουof emeraldN2 GSM · σμάραγδοςgenitive of material / quality (modifying λίθους: 'emerald stones')→ relational specificationσμάραγδος: meaning 'of emerald'; it serves as genitive of material / quality (modifying λίθους: 'emerald stones').
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λίθωνstoneN2 GPM · λίθοςgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description→ relational specificationλίθος: meaning 'stone'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or description.
πολυτελῶνcostlyA3 GPM · πολυτελήςgenitive modifierπολυτελής: meaning 'costly'; it serves as genitive modifier.
καθυφασμένωνwoven inVT · χμπγπμ ὑφαίνω + καταverbal element carrying the clause's action or processχμπγπμ ὑφαίνω + κατα: meaning 'woven in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
22
καὶ ἀνήγγειλαν αὐτῷ περὶ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐξῆλθεν εἰς τὸ προσκήνιον καὶ λαμπάδες ἀργυραῖ προάγουσαι αὐτοῦ
They announced her to him, and he came out into the vestibule, with silver lamps going before him.
Holofernes meets Judith with the staged magnificence of a ruler receiving a petitioner.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνήγγειλανreportVAI AAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναmain verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal→ constative aoristἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the court-crisis narrative or the prayerful appeal.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
περὶconcerning / aboutP · περίpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'went out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσκήνιονvestibuleN2N ASN · προσκήνιονhead noun or nominal element within the clauseπροσκήνιον: meaning 'vestibule'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λαμπάδεςlamps / torchesN3D NPF · λαμπάςsecond subject (of the nominal sentence: the torches)→ participantλαμπάς: meaning 'lamps'; it serves as second subject (of the nominal sentence: the torches).
ἀργυραῖsilverA1C NPF · ἀργυροῦςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed itemἀργυροῦς: meaning 'silver'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or listed item.
προάγουσαιgoing beforeV1 · παπνπφ ἄγω + προverbal element carrying the clause's action or processπαπνπφ ἄγω + προ: meaning 'going before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
23
ὡς δὲ ἦλθεν κατὰ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ Ιουδιθ καὶ τῶν θεραπόντων αὐτοῦ ἐθαύμασαν πάντες ἐπὶ τῷ κάλλει τοῦ προσώπου αὐτῆς καὶ πεσοῦσα ἐπὶ πρόσωπον προσεκύνησεν αὐτῷ καὶ ἤγειραν αὐτὴν οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ
When Judith came into his presence, and into the presence of his servants, they all marveled at the beauty of her face; and she fell on her face and bowed to him, but his slaves raised her up.
Judith's prostration appears deferential, yet it functions as part of her carefully controlled access to power.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ὡςasC · ὡςpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'as'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
δὲandX · δέtransitional particle→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἦλθενcomeVBI AAI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
κατὰbyP · κατάpreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ΙουδιθJudithN NSF · Ἰουδίθproper name naming a person or place within the clauseΙουδιθ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name naming a person or place within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεραπόντωνservantsN3T GPM · θεράπωνobject of second ἐναντίονθεράπων: meaning 'servants'; it serves as object of second ἐναντίον.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐθαύμασανheld in honor / admiredVAI AAI3P · θαυμάζωperfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας)→ repentance, intercession, and restorationθαυμάζω: meaning 'held in honor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as perfect participle (predicative, parallel to μέγας).
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κάλλειbeautyN3E DSN · κάλλοςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ sphere or referenceκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεσοῦσαfallingVB · ααπνσφ πίπτωverbal element carrying the clause's action or processααπνσφ πίπτω: meaning 'falling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the clause's action or process.
ἐπὶon/upon/againstP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
πρόσωπονface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
προσεκύνησενbow down beforeVAI AAI3S · κυνέω + προςfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ constative aoristκυνέω + προς: meaning 'bow down before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
αὐτῷto himRD DSM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as dative complement→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγειρανraised upVAI AAI3P · ἀγείρωmain verbἀγείρω: meaning 'raised up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςdirect object→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δοῦλοιdoyloiN2 NPM · δοῦλοςnominal term functioning in a nom relation→ participant prominenceδοῦλος: meaning 'doyloi'; it serves as nominal term functioning in a nom relation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.