1
ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐξαποστέλλω τὸν ἄγγελόν μου καὶ ἐπιβλέψεται ὁδὸν πρὸ προσώπου μου καὶ ἐξαίφνης ἥξει εἰς τὸν ναὸν ἑαυτοῦ κύριος ὃν ὑμεῖς ζητεῖτε καὶ ὁ ἄγγελος τῆς διαθήκης ὃν ὑμεῖς θέλετε ἰδοὺ ἔρχεται λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
Behold, I am sending out my messenger, and he will look to the way before my face; and suddenly the Lord whom you seek will come into his own temple, even the messenger of the covenant whom you desire. Behold, he is coming, says the Lord Almighty.
The verse opens the chapter with a twofold expectation: a preparatory messenger and the Lord’s own arrival. Temple expectation and covenant longing are fused, but the coming is presented as unsettling rather than merely comforting.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐξαποστέλλωsend outV1 PAI1S · στέλλω + ἐκ + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeστέλλω + ἐκ + ἀπο: meaning 'send out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄγγελόνangel / messengerN2 ASM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιβλέψεταιlook ahead toVF FMI3S · βλέπω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'look ahead to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὁδὸνroadN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative of route or path→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as accusative of route or path.
πρὸformer / beforeP · πρόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρὸ: meaning 'former'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαίφνηςsuddenlyD · ἐξαίφνηςadverbial, connective, or prepositional element shaping the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐξαίφνης: meaning 'suddenly'; here it marks the relation signaled by adverbial, connective, or prepositional element shaping the clause.
ἥξειwill comeVF FAI3S · ἥκωfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἥκω: meaning 'will come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ναὸνtempleN2 ASM · ναόςgenitive dependent→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeναός: meaning 'temple'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronoun referring within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun referring within the clause.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ζητεῖτεto inquireV2 PAI2P · ζητέωfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeζητέω: meaning 'to inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄγγελοςangel / messengerN2 NSM · ἄγγελοςcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄγγελος: meaning 'angel'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαθήκηςcovenantN1 GSF · διαθήκηgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
θέλετεwilledV1 PAI2P · θέλωfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθέλω: meaning 'willed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἔρχεταιis comingV1 PMI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔρχομαι: meaning 'is coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
2
καὶ τίς ὑπομενεῖ ἡμέραν εἰσόδου αὐτοῦ ἢ τίς ὑποστήσεται ἐν τῇ ὀπτασίᾳ αὐτοῦ διότι αὐτὸς εἰσπορεύεται ὡς πῦρ χωνευτηρίου καὶ ὡς πόα πλυνόντων
And who will endure the day of his coming, or who will stand firm at his appearing? For he enters like a smelter’s fire and like the lye of those who wash.
The questions overturn any easy desire for divine intervention by emphasizing its purgative force. The imagery of fire and cleansing solution presents the coming one as one who exposes and refines.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὑπομενεῖὑποVF2 FAI3S · μένω + ὑποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
εἰσόδουentranceN2 GSF · εἴσοδοςgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἴσοδος: meaning 'entrance'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἢorC · ἤconnective or subordinator structuring the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἢ: meaning 'or'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho / whatRI NSM · τίςnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτίς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὑποστήσεταιὑποVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ὑποcomplementary infinitive with δυνήσῃ→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἵστημι + ὑπο: meaning 'ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as complementary infinitive with δυνήσῃ.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀπτασίᾳpublic appearanceN1A DSF · ὀπτασίαgenitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὀπτασία: meaning 'public appearance'; it serves as genitive term marking possession, source, relation, or descriptive qualification.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτὸςheRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτὸς: meaning 'he'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
εἰσπορεύεταιgoing inV1 PMI3S · πορεύομαι + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'going in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
χωνευτηρίουsmelter’s furnaceN2N GSN · χωνευτηρίονgenitive modifier within the phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeχωνευτηρίον: meaning 'smelter’s furnace'; it serves as genitive modifier within the phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πόαlyeN1A ASN · πόαaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπόα: meaning 'lye'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
πλυνόντωνπαπγπμ πλύνωV1 · παπγπμ πλύνωverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπγπμ πλύνω: meaning 'παπγπμ πλύνω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
3
καὶ καθιεῖται χωνεύων καὶ καθαρίζων ὡς τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ ὡς τὸ χρυσίον καὶ καθαρίσει τοὺς υἱοὺς Λευι καὶ χεεῖ αὐτοὺς ὡς τὸ χρυσίον καὶ ὡς τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ ἔσονται τῷ κυρίῳ προσάγοντες θυσίαν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ
And he will sit, smelting and purifying like silver and like gold, and he will purify the sons of Levi and pour them out like gold and like silver, and they shall be those who bring near an offering to the Lord in righteousness.
The focus narrows from general dread to priestly purification. Acceptable worship will be restored only after the ministers themselves have been refined by divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθιεῖταιsit downVF2 FMI3S · ἵζω + καταmain verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἵζω + κατα: meaning 'sit down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing command, argument, or narrative action.
χωνεύωνπαπνσμ χωνεύωV1 · παπνσμ χωνεύωverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπνσμ χωνεύω: meaning 'παπνσμ χωνεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαρίζωνπαπνσμ καθαρίζωV1 · παπνσμ καθαρίζωverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπνσμ καθαρίζω: meaning 'παπνσμ καθαρίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονchrysionN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeχρυσίον: meaning 'chrysion'; it serves as accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαρίσειhas been purifiedVF2 FAI3S · καθαρίζωverb of causal clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαθαρίζω: meaning 'has been purified'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verb of causal clause.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
Λευιof LeviN GSM · Λευίproper name within the list or clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeΛευι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χεεῖpour outVF2 FAI3S · χέωfinite verb governing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeχέω: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονchrysionN2N ASN · χρυσίονaccusative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeχρυσίον: meaning 'chrysion'; it serves as accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργύριονsilverN2N ASN · ἀργύριονaccusative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀργύριον: meaning 'silver'; it serves as accusative complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιwill beVF FMI3P · εἰμίFinite verb of the relative clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb of the relative clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
προσάγοντεςπαπνπμ ἄγω + προςV1 · παπνπμ ἄγω + προςparticiple or verbal form adding circumstance to the main action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπνπμ ἄγω + προς: meaning 'παπνπμ ἄγω + προς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form adding circumstance to the main action.
θυσίανsacrificeN1A ASF · θυσίαcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
4
καὶ ἀρέσει τῷ κυρίῳ θυσία Ιουδα καὶ Ιερουσαλημ καθὼς αἱ ἡμέραι τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ καθὼς τὰ ἔτη τὰ ἔμπροσθεν
And the offering of Judah and Jerusalem will be pleasing to the Lord, as in the days of old and as in the former years.
The goal of purification is not destruction alone but renewed communion. The language of former days looks back to a remembered standard of covenant worship now to be restored.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρέσειἀρέσωVF FAI3S · ἀρέσωfinite verb governing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀρέσω: meaning 'ἀρέσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳLORDN2 DSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
θυσίαsacrificeN1A NSF · θυσίαsubject (verbless clause)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθυσία: meaning 'sacrifice'; it serves as subject (verbless clause).
Ιουδαof JudahN GSM · Ιουδαproper name within the list or clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμproper-name item in the genealogical chain→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper-name item in the genealogical chain.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἡμέραιdayN1A NPF · ἡμέραnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰῶνοςage / foreverN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαἰών: meaning 'age'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθὼςjust asD · καθώςadverbial modifier of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαθώς: meaning 'just as'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔτηyearsN3E APN · ἔτοςnominal element within the genealogical notice→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔτος: meaning 'years'; it serves as nominal element within the genealogical notice.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔμπροσθενformerly / beforeD · ἔμπροσθενnominal element in the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'formerly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
5
καὶ προσάξω πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἐν κρίσει καὶ ἔσομαι μάρτυς ταχὺς ἐπὶ τὰς φαρμακοὺς καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς μοιχαλίδας καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀμνύοντας τῷ ὀνόματί μου ἐπὶ ψεύδει καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀποστεροῦντας μισθὸν μισθωτοῦ καὶ τοὺς καταδυναστεύοντας χήραν καὶ τοὺς κονδυλίζοντας ὀρφανοὺς καὶ τοὺς ἐκκλίνοντας κρίσιν προσηλύτου καὶ τοὺς μὴ φοβουμένους με λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
And I will draw near to you in judgment, and I will be a swift witness against sorceresses and against adulteresses and against those who swear by my name falsely, and against those who defraud the wages of the hired worker, and those who oppress the widow, and those who strike aside the orphans, and those who turn aside the judgment of the resident alien, and those who do not fear me, says the Lord Almighty.
The chapter links ritual corruption with social injustice. Divine judgment reaches from false worship to exploitation of the vulnerable, showing that failure to fear the Lord distorts the whole social order.
Word-by-word analysis· 53 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξωπροςVF FAI1S · ἄγω + προςmain verb of approach toward the city→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄγω + προς: meaning 'προς'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of approach toward the city.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
κρίσειjudgmentN3I DSF · κρίσιςdative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκρίσις: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as dative complement marking indirect object, reference, location, or means.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσομαιbeVF FMI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
μάρτυςwitnessN3 NSM · μάρτυςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμάρτυς: meaning 'witness'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
ταχὺςταχυςA3U NSM · ταχύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeταχύς: meaning 'ταχυς'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φαρμακοὺςsorcererN2 APF · φαρμακόςaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeφαρμακός: meaning 'sorcerer'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὰςthe (ones)RA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μοιχαλίδαςadulteressN3D APF · μοιχαλίςaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμοιχαλίς: meaning 'adulteress'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀμνύονταςπαπαπμ ὄμνυμιV5 · παπαπμ ὄμνυμιverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπαπμ ὄμνυμι: meaning 'παπαπμ ὄμνυμι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
τῷofRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματίnameN3M DSN · ὄνομαdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ψεύδειfalsehoodN3E DSN · ψεῦδοςhead noun or nominal element within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeψεῦδος: meaning 'falsehood'; it serves as head noun or nominal element within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶagainstP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστεροῦνταςἀποV2 · παπαπμ στερέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπαπμ στερέω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
μισθὸνrewardN2 ASM · μισθόςaccusative element functioning within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμισθός: meaning 'reward'; it serves as accusative element functioning within the clause.
μισθωτοῦhiredA1 GSM · μισθωτόςpredicate adjective modifying δυνάμεις→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμισθωτός: meaning 'hired'; it serves as predicate adjective modifying δυνάμεις.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταδυναστεύονταςwho oppressV1 · παπαπμ δυναστεύω + καταParticiple identifying the first class of offenders.→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπαπμ δυναστεύω + κατα: meaning 'who oppress'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Participle identifying the first class of offenders.
χήρανwidowN1A ASF · χήραgenitive dependent phrase within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeχήρα: meaning 'widow'; it serves as genitive dependent phrase within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κονδυλίζονταςπαπαπμ κονδυλίζωV1 · παπαπμ κονδυλίζωverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπαπμ κονδυλίζω: meaning 'παπαπμ κονδυλίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
ὀρφανοὺςorphanA1 APM · ὀρφανόςgenitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὀρφανός: meaning 'orphan'; it serves as genitival dependent marking relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκκλίνονταςἐκV1 · παπαπμ κλίνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπαπμ κλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
κρίσινordinanceN3I ASF · κρίσιςcommon noun or modifier within the list formula→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκρίσις: meaning 'ordinance'; it serves as common noun or modifier within the list formula.
προσηλύτουresident alienN2 GSM · προσήλυτοςcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπροσήλυτος: meaning 'resident alien'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
φοβουμένουςπμπαπμ φοβέωV2 · πμπαπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπμπαπμ φοβέω: meaning 'πμπαπμ φοβέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
6
διότι ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν καὶ οὐκ ἠλλοίωμαι καὶ ὑμεῖς υἱοὶ Ιακωβ οὐκ ἀπέχεσθε
For I am the Lord your God, and I have not changed; and you, sons of Jacob, have not ceased.
The Lord’s constancy explains both the severity of judgment and Israel’s survival. The people remain only because the covenant God remains himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἠλλοίωμαιaltered / changedVM XPI1S · ἀλλοιόωmain verb (David disguises his demeanor)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀλλοιόω: meaning 'altered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (David disguises his demeanor).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ΙακωβIakobN GSM · Ἰακώβsubstantive functioning within the clause according to context→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeΙακωβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as substantive functioning within the clause according to context.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀπέχεσθεἀποV1 PMI2P · ἔχω + ἀποmain verbal form advancing the narrative or command→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔχω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or command.
7
ἀπὸ τῶν ἀδικιῶν τῶν πατέρων ὑμῶν ἐξεκλίνατε νόμιμά μου καὶ οὐκ ἐφυλάξασθε ἐπιστρέψατε πρός με καὶ ἐπιστραφήσομαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ καὶ εἴπατε ἐν τίνι ἐπιστρέψωμεν
From the injustices of your fathers you turned aside from my ordinances and did not keep them. Return to me, and I will return to you, says the Lord Almighty. But you said, “In what shall we return?”
As elsewhere in Malachi, the divine accusation is met by a skeptical question. The people’s self-unawareness is itself part of the problem the oracle exposes.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
ἀπὸfrom / ofP · ἀπόpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδικιῶνwickednessN1A GPF · ἀδικίαnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀδικία: meaning 'wickedness'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατέρωνfathersN3 GPM · πατήρgenitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπατήρ: meaning 'fathers'; it serves as genitive modifier dependent on a neighboring head term.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐξεκλίνατεturn asideVAI AAI2P · κλίνω + ἐκmain verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκλίνω + ἐκ: meaning 'turn aside'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
νόμιμάordinance / lawful requirementA1 APN · νόμιμοςaccusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeνόμιμος: meaning 'ordinance'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, measure, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφυλάξασθεguardVAI AMI2P · φυλάσσωmain verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeφυλάσσω: meaning 'guard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ἐπιστρέψατεturned backVA AAD2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'turned back'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρόςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρός: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστραφήσομαιἐπιVD FPI1S · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπατεsayVAI AAI2P · εἶπονFinite verb / predicate→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπιστρέψωμενlet us returnVA AAS1P · στρέφω + ἐπιhortatory subjunctive for a later return→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'let us return'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as hortatory subjunctive for a later return.
8
εἰ πτερνιεῖ ἄνθρωπος θεόν διότι ὑμεῖς πτερνίζετέ με καὶ ἐρεῖτε ἐν τίνι ἐπτερνίκαμέν σε ὅτι τὰ ἐπιδέκατα καὶ αἱ ἀπαρχαὶ μεθ' ὑμῶν εἰσιν
Will a person cheat God? Yet you are cheating me. And you will say, “How have we cheated you?” In the tithes and the firstfruits, which are with you.
The verse uses startling language to name withheld offerings as robbery against God himself. The issue is not ritual technicality but a breach of covenant loyalty.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
εἰifC · εἰcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πτερνιεῖhas heeledVF2 FAI3S · πτερνίζωmain verb (explanatory γάρ clause: the name-etymology)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπτερνίζω: meaning 'has heeled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (explanatory γάρ clause: the name-etymology).
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
πτερνίζετέhas heeledV1 PAI2P · πτερνίζωmain verb (explanatory γάρ clause: the name-etymology)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπτερνίζω: meaning 'has heeled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (explanatory γάρ clause: the name-etymology).
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖτεyou shall sayVF2 FAI2P · εἶπονmain verb (future as command)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἶπον: meaning 'you shall say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (future as command).
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐπτερνίκαμένhas heeledVXI XAI1P · πτερνίζωmain verb (explanatory γάρ clause: the name-etymology)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπτερνίζω: meaning 'has heeled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (explanatory γάρ clause: the name-etymology).
σεyouRP AS · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπιδέκαταtithesA1 APN · ἐπιδέκατοςappositional object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐπιδέκατος: meaning 'tithes'; it serves as appositional object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀπαρχαὶfirstfruits / first portionN1 NPF · ἀπαρχήdirect object of εἶδεν→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀπαρχή: meaning 'firstfruits'; it serves as direct object of εἶδεν.
μεθ'with / afterP · μετάpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμεθ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
εἰσινthere areV9 PAI3P · εἰμίmain verbal form carrying the clause forward→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰμί: meaning 'there are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form carrying the clause forward.
9
καὶ ἀποβλέποντες ὑμεῖς ἀποβλέπετε καὶ ἐμὲ ὑμεῖς πτερνίζετε τὸ ἔθνος συνετελέσθη
And while looking you keep looking, and it is I whom you are cheating; the nation has been brought to completion.
The Greek text is terse and difficult, but the point is condemnatory: the people persist in their conduct even while their condition closes in upon them. Their treatment of God explains the nation’s depleted state.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποβλέποντεςἀποV1 · παπνπμ βλέπω + ἀποverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπνπμ βλέπω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
ἀποβλέπετεἀποV1 PAI2P · βλέπω + ἀποfinite verb governing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeβλέπω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμὲIRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐμὲ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
πτερνίζετεhas heeledV1 PAI2P · πτερνίζωmain verb (explanatory γάρ clause: the name-etymology)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπτερνίζω: meaning 'has heeled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (explanatory γάρ clause: the name-etymology).
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνοςnationN3E ASN · ἔθνοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
συνετελέσθηcompleteVSI API3S · τελέω + συνfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτελέω + συν: meaning 'complete'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
10
καὶ εἰσηνέγκατε πάντα τὰ ἐκφόρια εἰς τοὺς θησαυρούς καὶ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἡ διαρπαγὴ αὐτοῦ ἐπισκέψασθε δὴ ἐν τούτῳ λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ ἐὰν μὴ ἀνοίξω ὑμῖν τοὺς καταρράκτας τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἐκχεῶ ὑμῖν τὴν εὐλογίαν μου ἕως τοῦ ἱκανωθῆναι
Bring in all the produce into the storehouses, and in his house there shall be his plunder. Test me in this, then, says the Lord Almighty, whether I will not open for you the floodgates of heaven and pour out my blessing upon you until there is no lack.
The people are invited to verify the Lord’s faithfulness by concrete obedience. Agricultural blessing is presented as covenant response, not mere natural cycle.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσηνέγκατεbring inVAI AAI2P · φέρω + εἰςmain verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeφέρω + εἰς: meaning 'bring in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκφόριαproduceN2N APN · ἐκφόριονaccusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐκφόριον: meaning 'produce'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or extent within the clause.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θησαυρούςtreasuresN2 APM · θησαυρόςdirect object of the verbal action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθησαυρός: meaning 'treasures'; it serves as direct object of the verbal action.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκῳhouseN2 DSM · οἶκοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἔσταιyou wereV9 FMI3S · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰμί: meaning 'you were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διαρπαγὴdiarpageN1 NSF · διαρπαγήdative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδιαρπαγή: meaning 'diarpage'; it serves as dative element expressing location, means, reference, or indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐπισκέψασθεἐπιVA AMD2P · σκέπτω + ἐπιfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeσκέπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
δὴnowX · δήparticle of urgency→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδὴ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τούτῳthis / theseRD DSN · οὗτοςpronominal form functioning as a dative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτούτῳ: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form functioning as a dative complement.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνlexical item integrated into the clause in its local syntactic role→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐάν: meaning 'if'; it links clauses, phrases, or developments in the discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀνοίξωἀναVA AAS1S · οἴγω + ἀναfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοἴγω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καταρράκταςfloodgateN1M APM · καταρράκτηςaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαταρράκτης: meaning 'floodgate'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκχεῶpour outVF2 FAI1S · χέω + ἐκfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐλογίανblessingN1A ASF · εὐλογίαaccusative object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεὐλογία: meaning 'blessing'; it serves as accusative object or complement.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱκανωθῆναιbe enough / sufficeVC APN · ἱκανόωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἱκανόω: meaning 'be enough'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
11
καὶ διαστελῶ ὑμῖν εἰς βρῶσιν καὶ οὐ μὴ διαφθείρω ὑμῶν τὸν καρπὸν τῆς γῆς καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀσθενήσῃ ὑμῶν ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἐν τῷ ἀγρῷ λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
And I will appoint for you one for devouring, and he shall by no means destroy for you the fruit of the land, and your vine in the field shall by no means fail, says the Lord Almighty.
The blessing extends beyond abundance to preservation. What grows will no longer be consumed or frustrated before it can be enjoyed.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διαστελῶδιαVF2 FAI1S · στέλλω + διαfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeστέλλω + δια: meaning 'δια'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
βρῶσινdevouringN3I ASF · βρῶσιςaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeβρῶσις: meaning 'devouring'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
διαφθείρωdestroyV1 PAI1S · φθείρω + διαmain verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeφθείρω + δια: meaning 'destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the clause.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπὸνfruitN2 ASM · καρπόςdirect object understood with ἐδίδου→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαρπός: meaning 'fruit'; it serves as direct object understood with ἐδίδου.
τῆςthatRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςland / earthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀσθενήσῃI am grievously weakenedVA AAS3S · ἀσθενέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀσθενέω: meaning 'I am grievously weakened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμπελοςvineN2 NSF · ἄμπελοςobject of ὑπὸ in the first security image→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as object of ὑπὸ in the first security image.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῷofRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγρῷfieldN2 DSM · ἀγρόςdative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀγρός: meaning 'field'; it serves as dative complement.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
12
καὶ μακαριοῦσιν ὑμᾶς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη διότι ἔσεσθε ὑμεῖς γῆ θελητή λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
And all the nations will call you blessed, because you shall be a land of delight, says the Lord Almighty.
The reversal becomes public. The same nations that once witnessed Israel’s barrenness will now name the land as desirable because of God’s favor upon it.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μακαριοῦσινI bless / I call blessedVF2 FAI3P · μακαρίζωfinite verb governing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμακαρίζω: meaning 'I bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
ὑμᾶςyouRP AP · σύpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμᾶς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πάνταallA3 APN · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσεσθεyou wereVF FMI2P · εἰμίparticiple or verbal form modifying the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰμί: meaning 'you were'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle or verbal form modifying the clause.
ὑμεῖςyouRP NP · σύpronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμεῖς: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as subject or resumptive element.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
θελητήdelightfulA1 NSF · θελητόςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθελητός: meaning 'delightful'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
13
ἐβαρύνατε ἐπ' ἐμὲ τοὺς λόγους ὑμῶν λέγει κύριος καὶ εἴπατε ἐν τίνι κατελαλήσαμεν κατὰ σοῦ
You have made your words heavy against me, says the Lord, and you said, “How have we spoken against you?”
The chapter turns from withheld gifts to hardened speech. The people’s complaint against God is treated as another form of covenant breach.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐβαρύνατεwas weighed down / hardenedVAI AAI2P · βαρύνωfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeβαρύνω: meaning 'was weighed down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἐμὲIRP AS · ἐγώacc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐμὲ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as acc pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λόγουςwordN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴπατεsayVAI AAI2P · εἶπονFinite verb / predicate→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τίνιwho?RI DSN · τίςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτίνι: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
κατελαλήσαμενκαταVAI AAI1P · λαλέω + καταfinite verb governing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλαλέω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
σοῦyourRP GS · σύpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
14
εἴπατε μάταιος ὁ δουλεύων θεῷ καὶ τί πλέον ὅτι ἐφυλάξαμεν τὰ φυλάγματα αὐτοῦ καὶ διότι ἐπορεύθημεν ἱκέται πρὸ προσώπου κυρίου παντοκράτορος
You said, “The one who serves God does so in vain, and what gain is there that we have kept his charges and that we have gone as mourning suppliants before the face of the Lord Almighty?”
Religious obedience is evaluated by immediate payoff, and its apparent lack of reward fuels bitterness. The language exposes a utilitarian view of covenant service.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
εἴπατεsayVAI AAI2P · εἶπονFinite verb / predicate→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἶπον: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb / predicate.
μάταιοςvain ones / idols (goat-demons)A1A NSM · μάταιοςdative of recipient (the false objects of the cult)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμάταιος: meaning 'vain ones'; it serves as dative of recipient (the false objects of the cult).
ὁheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δουλεύωνservingV1 · παπνσμ δουλεύωfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπνσμ δουλεύω: meaning 'serving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhatRI ASN · τίςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτί: meaning 'what'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
πλέονmanyA3C ASN · πολύςaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
ὅτιfor / becauseC · ὅτιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐφυλάξαμενphylassoVAI AAI1P · φυλάσσωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeφυλάσσω: meaning 'phylasso'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
τὰthe / thoseRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάγματαobligationsN3M APN · φύλαγμαdirect object naming the treaty duties to be kept→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeφύλαγμα: meaning 'obligations'; it serves as direct object naming the treaty duties to be kept.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπορεύθημενwe journeyedVCI API1P · πορεύομαιmain verb (the journey through the wilderness)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπορεύομαι: meaning 'we journeyed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the journey through the wilderness).
ἱκέταιmourning supplicantN1M NPM · ἱκέτηςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἱκέτης: meaning 'mourning supplicant'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
πρὸformer / beforeP · πρόpreposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρὸ: meaning 'former'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing a complement or adverbial phrase.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτοροςAlmightyN3R GSM · παντοκράτωρgenitive dependent phrase within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as genitive dependent phrase within the clause.
15
καὶ νῦν ἡμεῖς μακαρίζομεν ἀλλοτρίους καὶ ἀνοικοδομοῦνται πάντες ποιοῦντες ἄνομα καὶ ἀντέστησαν θεῷ καὶ ἐσώθησαν
And now we count strangers blessed, and all who do lawless things are built up; they even resisted God and were delivered.
The people interpret history through the apparent success of the unrighteous. Their grievance is not only economic but theological: divine justice seems absent to them.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνparticle or adverb marking discourse flow, emphasis, or time→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡμεῖςweRP NP · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡμεῖς: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μακαρίζομενI bless / I call blessedV1 PAI1P · μακαρίζωfinite verb governing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμακαρίζω: meaning 'I bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
ἀλλοτρίουςforeignA1A APM · ἀλλότριοςattributive adjective (qualifying τοὺς θεούς)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as attributive adjective (qualifying τοὺς θεούς).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνοικοδομοῦνταιἀναV2 PMI3P · οἰκοδομέω + ἀναverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοἰκοδομέω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
ποιοῦντεςdo / makeV2 · παπνπμ ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπνπμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἄνομαlawlessA1B APN · ἄνομοςattributive adjective describing τινες→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as attributive adjective describing τινες.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀντέστησανopposedVHI AAI3P · ἵστημι + ἀντιmain verb describing resistance against enemies→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'opposed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb describing resistance against enemies.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσώθησανwere savedVCI API3P · σώζωmain verb describing their rescue→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeσώζω: meaning 'were saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb describing their rescue.
16
ταῦτα κατελάλησαν οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν κύριον ἕκαστος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ καὶ προσέσχεν κύριος καὶ εἰσήκουσεν καὶ ἔγραψεν βιβλίον μνημοσύνου ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ τοῖς φοβουμένοις τὸν κύριον καὶ εὐλαβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ
These things were spoken by those who fear the Lord, each one to his neighbor; and the Lord paid attention and listened, and he wrote a book of remembrance before him for those who fear the Lord and revere his name.
Against the cynical speech stands a faithful counter-community. Their reverent conversation is heard, remembered, and inscribed before God himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ταῦταthese thingsRD APN · οὗτοςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeταῦτα: meaning 'these things'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
κατελάλησανκαταVAI AAI3P · λαλέω + καταfinite verb governing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλαλέω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb governing the clause.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβούμενοιphobeoV2 · πμπνπμ φοβέωmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπμπνπμ φοβέω: meaning 'phobeo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἕκαστοςeachA1 NSM · ἕκαστοςnom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἕκαστος: meaning 'each'; it serves as nom adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονnearD · πλησίονpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπλησίον: meaning 'near'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσέσχενpaid attentionVBI AAI3S · ἔχω + προςmain verb of the final clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔχω + προς: meaning 'paid attention'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the final clause.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήκουσενhearVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔγραψενwrite downVAI AAI3S · γράφωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeγράφω: meaning 'write down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
βιβλίονbookN2N ASN · βιβλίονaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeβιβλίον: meaning 'book'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
μνημοσύνουremembranceN2N GSN · μνημόσυνονdirect object of ἐξάρωμεν→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμνημόσυνον: meaning 'remembrance'; it serves as direct object of ἐξάρωμεν.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τοῖςthe onesRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβουμένοιςfearV2 · πμπδπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπμπδπμ φοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐλαβουμένοιςπμπδπμ εὐλαβέομαιV2 · πμπδπμ εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπμπδπμ εὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'πμπδπμ εὐλαβέομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
17
καὶ ἔσονταί μοι λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ εἰς ἡμέραν ἣν ἐγὼ ποιῶ εἰς περιποίησιν καὶ αἱρετιῶ αὐτοὺς ὃν τρόπον αἱρετίζει ἄνθρωπος τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν δουλεύοντα αὐτῷ
And they shall be mine, says the Lord Almighty, for the day that I am making, for a possession; and I will choose them in the way that a person chooses his son who serves him.
The memorial book leads to future recognition. The Lord claims the faithful as his treasured own and compares his regard for them to a father’s regard for a loyal son.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταίwill beVF FMI3P · εἰμίFinite verb of the relative clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb of the relative clause.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
ἣνwho / whomRR ASF · ὅςaccusative object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἣν: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object or complement.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ποιῶdoV2 PAI1S · ποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
εἰςfor / untoP · εἰςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
περιποίησινsurvivorN3I ASF · περιποίησιςcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπεριποίησις: meaning 'survivor'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱρετιῶchooseVF2 FAI1S · αἱρετίζωfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαἱρετίζω: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
τρόποντροποςN2 ASM · τρόποςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτρόπος: meaning 'τροπος'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
αἱρετίζειchooseV1 PAI3S · αἱρετίζωfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαἱρετίζω: meaning 'choose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἄνθρωποςman / human beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δουλεύονταπαπασμ δουλεύωV1 · παπασμ δουλεύωverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπασμ δουλεύω: meaning 'παπασμ δουλεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
18
καὶ ἐπιστραφήσεσθε καὶ ὄψεσθε ἀνὰ μέσον δικαίου καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον ἀνόμου καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ δουλεύοντος θεῷ καὶ τοῦ μὴ δουλεύοντος
And you shall return and see between the righteous and the lawless, and between the one who serves God and the one who does not serve him.
The present confusion about justice will not endure. The final outcome will display a clear difference between covenant fidelity and rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιστραφήσεσθεἐπιVD FPI2P · στρέφω + ἐπιfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄψεσθεsawVF FMI2P · ὁράωfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ἀνὰup / throughoutP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀνὰ: meaning 'up'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσονmiddle / midstA1 ASN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμέσος: meaning 'middle'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
δικαίουjustA1A GSM · δίκαιοςaccusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδίκαιος: meaning 'just'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, goal, or extent within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰup / throughoutP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀνὰ: meaning 'up'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσονmiddle / midstA1 ASN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμέσος: meaning 'middle'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
ἀνόμουlawlessA1B GSM · ἄνομοςattributive adjective describing τινες→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as attributive adjective describing τινες.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰup / throughoutP · ἀνάpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀνὰ: meaning 'up'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
μέσονmiddle / midstA1 ASN · μέσοςadjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμέσος: meaning 'middle'; it serves as adjectival or numeral modifier within the phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δουλεύοντοςπαπγσμ δουλεύωV1 · παπγσμ δουλεύωverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπγσμ δουλεύω: meaning 'παπγσμ δουλεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative element functioning as complement, sphere, or instrument.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
δουλεύοντοςπαπγσμ δουλεύωV1 · παπγσμ δουλεύωverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπγσμ δουλεύω: meaning 'παπγσμ δουλεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
19
διότι ἰδοὺ ἡμέρα κυρίου ἔρχεται καιομένη ὡς κλίβανος καὶ φλέξει αὐτούς καὶ ἔσονται πάντες οἱ ἀλλογενεῖς καὶ πάντες οἱ ποιοῦντες ἄνομα καλάμη καὶ ἀνάψει αὐτοὺς ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ ἐρχομένη λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ καὶ οὐ μὴ ὑπολειφθῇ ἐξ αὐτῶν ῥίζα οὐδὲ κλῆμα
For behold, the day of the Lord is coming, burning like an oven, and it will consume them, and all the foreigners and all who do lawless things will be stubble, and the coming day will kindle them, says the Lord Almighty, and no root or branch shall be left from them.
The day of the Lord is now depicted in its destructive aspect. The imagery of total burning underscores both the completeness and the finality of the judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 41 words
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
ἔρχεταιis comingV1 PMI3S · ἔρχομαιfinite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔρχομαι: meaning 'is coming'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the action or assertion of the clause.
καιομένηπμπνσφ καίωV1 · πμπνσφ καίωverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπμπνσφ καίω: meaning 'πμπνσφ καίω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλίβανοςovenA1 NSM · κλίβανοςnominative term functioning in the clause core→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκλίβανος: meaning 'oven'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φλέξειit will set ablazeVF FAI3S · φλέγωmain verb (the fire reaches the mountains' roots)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeφλέγω: meaning 'it will set ablaze'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb (the fire reaches the mountains' roots).
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιwill beVF FMI3P · εἰμίFinite verb of the relative clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb of the relative clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλογενεῖςforeignersA3H NPM · ἀλλογενήςsubject of ἔφυγον→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἀλλογενής: meaning 'foreigners'; it serves as subject of ἔφυγον.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
οἱtheyRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιοῦντεςdo / makeV2 · παπνπμ ποιέωfinite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαπνπμ ποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or non-finite verbal form advancing the clause.
ἄνομαlawlessA1B APN · ἄνομοςattributive adjective describing τινες→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as attributive adjective describing τινες.
καλάμηstubbleN1 NSF · καλάμηnominative term functioning in the clause core→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαλάμη: meaning 'stubble'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνάψειἀναVF FAI3S · ἅπτω + ἀναinfinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἅπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive expressing purpose, result, or verbal action.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronoun functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as object or complement.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayN1A NSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἡthe (one)RA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρχομένηπμπνσφ ἔρχομαιV1 · πμπνσφ ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπμπνσφ ἔρχομαι: meaning 'πμπνσφ ἔρχομαι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial modifier of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial modifier of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ὑπολειφθῇὑποVV APS3S · λείπω + ὑποfinite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλείπω + ὑπο: meaning 'ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the main action or assertion of the clause.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνthemRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτῶν: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ῥίζαrootN1S NSF · ῥίζαnominal term functioning as a nominative term→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeῥίζα: meaning 'root'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a nominative term.
οὐδὲnorC · οὐδέcoordinating or connective particle linking clauses or steps in the argument→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeοὐδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κλῆμαbranchN3M NSN · κλῆμαnominative term functioning in the clause core→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκλῆμα: meaning 'branch'; it serves as nominative term functioning in the clause core.
20
καὶ ἀνατελεῖ ὑμῖν τοῖς φοβουμένοις τὸ ὄνομά μου ἥλιος δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἴασις ἐν ταῖς πτέρυξιν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξελεύσεσθε καὶ σκιρτήσετε ὡς μοσχάρια ἐκ δεσμῶν ἀνειμένα
And for you who fear my name the sun of righteousness will rise, and healing will be in its wings, and you will go out and leap like calves released from bonds.
In deliberate contrast to the burning oven, the faithful receive light, healing, and joyful freedom. The imagery is restorative, bodily, and exuberant.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνατελεῖἀναVF2 FAI3S · τέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
τοῖςthe onesRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φοβουμένοιςfearV2 · πμπδπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπμπδπμ φοβέω: meaning 'fear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action, state, or dependent verbal idea.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἥλιοςsunN2 NSM · ἥλιοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἥλιος: meaning 'sun'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or appositional identifier.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessN1 GSF · δικαιοσύνηnominal element functioning within the clause or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'of righteousness'; it serves as nominal element functioning within the clause or phrase.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςsubstantive functioning within the clause according to case→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἴασις: meaning 'healing'; it serves as substantive functioning within the clause according to case.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ταῖςthe onesRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πτέρυξινPteryxinN3G DPF · πτέρυξdative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπτέρυξ: meaning 'Pteryxin'; it serves as dative complement.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσεσθεyou shall go outVF FMI2P · ἔρχομαι + ἐκmain verb of the prohibition clause (prohibitive future with οὐκ)→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'you shall go out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb of the prohibition clause (prohibitive future with οὐκ).
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σκιρτήσετεwere leapingVF FAI2P · σκιρτάωmain verb→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeσκιρτάω: meaning 'were leaping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verb.
ὡςlike / asC · ὡςcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὡς: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μοσχάριαcalfN2N APN · μοσχάριονaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμοσχάριον: meaning 'calf'; it serves as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
δεσμῶνbondsN2 GPM · δεσμόςgenitive modifier defining relationship, source, or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδεσμός: meaning 'bonds'; it serves as genitive modifier defining relationship, source, or description.
ἀνειμέναἀναVM · χμπαπν ἵημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the clause action→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeχμπαπν ἵημι + ἀνα: meaning 'ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the clause action.
21
καὶ καταπατήσετε ἀνόμους διότι ἔσονται σποδὸς ὑποκάτω τῶν ποδῶν ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ἐγὼ ποιῶ λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ
And you will trample the lawless, because they will be ashes beneath your feet in the day that I act, says the Lord Almighty.
Those once scandalized by the apparent triumph of evil are promised a share in its final undoing. Judgment becomes public vindication for the faithful.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταπατήσετεκαταVF FAI2P · πατέω + καταfirst verb describing desecration→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπατέω + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as first verb describing desecration.
ἀνόμουςlawlessA1B APM · ἄνομοςadjective characterizing the men as covenant breakers→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as adjective characterizing the men as covenant breakers.
διότιbecauseC · διότιcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδιότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσονταιwill beVF FMI3P · εἰμίFinite verb of the relative clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as Finite verb of the relative clause.
σποδὸςashesN2 NSF · σποδόςsubject or predicate element within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeσποδός: meaning 'ashes'; it serves as subject or predicate element within the clause.
ὑποκάτωunderP · ὑποκάτωpreposition governing a following complement phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑποκάτω: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing a following complement phrase.
τῶνthe (who are)RA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποδῶνfootN3D GPM · πούςgenitive dependent→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as genitive dependent.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronoun in genitival dependence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun in genitival dependence.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ᾗwhich / whoRR DSF · ὅςdat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeᾗ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dat pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ποιῶdoV2 PAI1S · ποιέωverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeποιέω: meaning 'do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωparticiple contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participle contributing attendant, descriptive, or supplementary verbal force.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
παντοκράτωρAlmightyN3R NSM · παντοκράτωρcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπαντοκράτωρ: meaning 'Almighty'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
22
καὶ ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω ὑμῖν Ηλιαν τὸν Θεσβίτην πρὶν ἐλθεῖν ἡμέραν κυρίου τὴν μεγάλην καὶ ἐπιφανῆ
And behold, I am sending you Elijah the Tishbite before the coming of the great and manifest day of the Lord,
The chapter closes by inserting a prophetic forerunner into the sequence of end-time events. Elijah stands as the last preparatory sign before the decisive visitation.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδοὺbeholdI · ἰδούinterjection introducing or coloring the speech→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἰδού: meaning 'behold'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nom pronominal form referring back or forward within the clause.
ἀποστέλλωἀποV1 PAI1S · στέλλω + ἀποfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeστέλλω + ἀπο: meaning 'ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
ὑμῖνto youRP DP · σύpronoun functioning as dative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronoun functioning as dative complement.
ΗλιανEliasN1T ASM · Ηλιαςnominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeΗλιαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative substantive functioning as subject, predicate, or list item.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Θεσβίτηνthe TishbiteN1M ASM · Θεσβίτηςaccusative term functioning as complement or object→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeΘεσβίτην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as accusative term functioning as complement or object.
πρὶνbeforeD · πρίνadverbial marker of prior time→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρίν: meaning 'before'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ἐλθεῖνto comeVB AAN · ἔρχομαιinfinitive complement or purpose expression→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔρχομαι: meaning 'to come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitive complement or purpose expression.
ἡμέρανdayN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςhead noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as head noun within the clause.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάληνgreatA1 ASF · μέγαςadjectival or ordinal modifier→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as adjectival or ordinal modifier.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιφανῆmanifestA3H ASF · ἐπιφανήςacc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐπιφανής: meaning 'manifest'; it serves as acc adjectival form modifying or specifying a substantive.
23
ὃς ἀποκαταστήσει καρδίαν πατρὸς πρὸς υἱὸν καὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ μὴ ἔλθω καὶ πατάξω τὴν γῆν ἄρδην
who will restore the heart of a father toward a son, and the heart of a person toward his neighbor, lest I come and strike the land utterly.
The needed restoration is relational and communal as well as cultic. Reconciliation is presented as the alternative to total judgment on the land.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeὅς: meaning 'who'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀποκαταστήσεικαταVF FAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀπο + καταmain verbal form advancing the narrative or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἵστημι + ἀπο + κατα: meaning 'κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main verbal form advancing the narrative or description.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
πατρὸςfatherN3 GSM · πατήρgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καρδίανheartN1A ASF · καρδίαaccusative substantive functioning as object or complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαρδία: meaning 'heart'; it serves as accusative substantive functioning as object or complement.
ἀνθρώπουmanN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄνθρωπος: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλησίονnearD · πλησίονpreposition introducing its complement phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπλησίον: meaning 'near'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial modifier within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔλθωcomeVB AAS1S · ἔρχομαιverbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal predicate carrying the clause’s action or state.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πατάξωthey struck downVF FAI1S · πατάσσωfinite verb advancing the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπατάσσω: meaning 'they struck down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verb advancing the clause.
τὴνthe oneRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
ἄρδηνutterlyD · ἄρδηνadverbial or comparative particle→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἄρδην: meaning 'utterly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
24
μνήσθητε νόμου Μωυσῆ τοῦ δούλου μου καθότι ἐνετειλάμην αὐτῷ ἐν Χωρηβ πρὸς πάντα τὸν Ισραηλ προστάγματα καὶ δικαιώματα
Remember the law of Moses my servant, just as I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel, statutes and ordinances.
The book ends by tying future expectation back to Torah. The way to await the coming day rightly is to remember the covenant instruction already given at Horeb.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
μνήσθητεrememberVS APD2P · μιμνήσκωmain imperative→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμιμνήσκω: meaning 'remember'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as main imperative.
νόμουlawN2 GSM · νόμοςnominal term functioning as a genitive dependent→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a genitive dependent.
ΜωυσῆMosesN1M GSM · Μωυσῆςgenitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeΜωυσῆ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive substantive expressing relation, possession, source, or description.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλουservantN2 GSM · δοῦλοςgenitive dependent on χειρὶ→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive dependent on χειρὶ.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
καθότιbecauseD · καθότιparticle or adverb shaping the emphasis or flow of the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαθότι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνετειλάμηνinVAI AMI1S · τέλλομαι + ἐνfinite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτέλλομαι + ἐν: meaning 'in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite or verbal form carrying the clause action or dependent verbal sense.
αὐτῷto him / hisRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeαὐτῷ: meaning 'to him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form referring to the participant(s) already in view.
ἐνamongP · ἐνpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
ΧωρηβHorebN DS · Χωρηβproper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeΧωρηβ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the Solomonic royal or temple narrative.
πρὸςtowardP · πρόςpreposition governing the following phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing the following phrase.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object or goal→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun or phrase→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλproper name within the list or clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as proper name within the list or clause.
προστάγματαcommandmentN3M APN · πρόσταγμαcommon noun within the clause→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeπρόσταγμα: meaning 'commandment'; it serves as common noun within the clause.
καὶandC · καίcoordinating conjunction linking the sequence→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δικαιώματαstatuteN3M APN · δικαίωμαnominal term functioning as a accusative complement→ coming Lord, judgment, remembrance, and the day to comeδικαίωμα: meaning 'statute'; it serves as nominal term functioning as a accusative complement.