1
λῆμμα Νινευη βιβλίον ὁράσεως Ναουμ τοῦ Ελκεσαίου
A burden concerning Nineveh, the book of the vision of Nahum the Elkesaite.
The superscription joins three identifiers: a burden, Nineveh as the object of judgment, and Nahum’s vision as the written source of the oracle.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
λῆμμαoracle / burdenN3M NSN · λῆμμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλῆμμα: meaning 'oracle'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
Νινευηof NinevehN DSF · Νινευηnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝινευη: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
βιβλίονa certificate / documentN2N NSN · βιβλίονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβιβλίον: meaning 'a certificate'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁράσεωςvisionN3I GSF · ὅρασιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅρασις: meaning 'vision'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΝαουμνaoymN GSM · Ναουμnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΝαουμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕλκεσαίουElkesaiteN GSM · Ελκεσαίοςnominal element functioning within the clause→ participant identificationΕλκεσαίου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominal element functioning within the clause.
2
θεὸς ζηλωτὴς καὶ ἐκδικῶν κύριος ἐκδικῶν κύριος μετὰ θυμοῦ ἐκδικῶν κύριος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξαίρων αὐτὸς τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοῦ
A jealous and avenging God is the Lord; avenging is the Lord with wrath; avenging is the Lord against his adversaries, and he himself removes his enemies.
The repeated language of jealousy and vengeance creates a liturgical, hammering effect. The Lord is introduced as the defender of covenant honor and the avenger of hostile rebellion.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ζηλωτὴςjealousN1M NSM · ζηλωτήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζηλωτής: meaning 'jealous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικῶνἐκδικῶνV2 · παπνσμ δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκδικῶν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκδικῶνἐκδικῶνV2 · παπνσμ δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκδικῶν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θυμοῦwrathN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκδικῶνἐκδικῶνV2 · παπνσμ δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ δικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐκδικῶν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπεναντίουςypenantiosA1A APM · ὑπεναντίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὑπεναντίος: meaning 'ypenantios'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαίρωνἐξαίρωνV1 · παπνσμ αἴρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ αἴρω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐξαίρων'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςenemiesN2 APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
κύριος μακρόθυμος καὶ μεγάλη ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀθῳῶν οὐκ ἀθῳώσει κύριος ἐν συντελείᾳ καὶ ἐν συσσεισμῷ ἡ ὁδὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ νεφέλαι κονιορτὸς ποδῶν αὐτοῦ
The Lord is long-suffering, and great is his strength, yet in acquitting he will not acquit. The Lord’s way is in consummation and in earthquake, and clouds are the dust of his feet.
Nahum balances patience and justice: the Lord is slow to anger, yet he does not leave guilt unpunished. The imagery then widens into a storm-theophany in which creation itself marks his approach.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μακρόθυμοςmakrothymosA1B NSM · μακρόθυμοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακρόθυμος: meaning 'makrothymos'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰσχὺςstrengthN3 NSF · ἰσχύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀθῳῶνἀθῳῶνV4 · παπνσμ ἀθῳόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀθῳόω: meaning 'ἀθῳῶν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀθῳώσειacquitV4 FAI3S · ἀθῳόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀθῳόω: meaning 'acquit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συντελείᾳconsummationN1A DSF · συντέλειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυντέλεια: meaning 'consummation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
συσσεισμῷearth-shaking stormN2 DSM · συσσεισμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσυσσεισμός: meaning 'earth-shaking storm'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδὸςroad / wayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'road'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νεφέλαιcloudsN1 NPF · νεφέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεφέλη: meaning 'clouds'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κονιορτὸςdustN2 NSM · κονιορτόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκονιορτός: meaning 'dust'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ποδῶνfootN3D GPM · πούςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπούς: meaning 'foot'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ἀπειλῶν θαλάσσῃ καὶ ξηραίνων αὐτὴν καὶ πάντας τοὺς ποταμοὺς ἐξερημῶν ὠλιγώθη ἡ Βασανῖτις καὶ ὁ Κάρμηλος καὶ τὰ ἐξανθοῦντα τοῦ Λιβάνου ἐξέλιπεν
Rebuking the sea and drying it up, and laying waste all the rivers, Bashan was diminished and Carmel, and the blooming things of Lebanon failed.
Sea, rivers, Bashan, Carmel, and Lebanon are all symbols of fertility and stability, yet each yields before the Lord’s rebuke.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἀπειλῶνeileoapoV2 · παπνσμ εἰλέω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ εἰλέω + ἀπο: meaning 'eileoapo'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
θαλάσσῃseaN1S DSF · θάλασσαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ξηραίνωνξηραίνωνV1 · παπνσμ ξηραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ξηραίνω: meaning 'ξηραίνων'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταςallA1S APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμοὺςriversN2 APM · ποταμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationποταμός: meaning 'rivers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξερημῶνἐξερημῶνV4 · παπνσμ ἐρημόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἐρημόω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐξερημῶν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὠλιγώθηwitheringVCI API3S · ὀλιγόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀλιγόω: meaning 'withering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒασανῖτιςBashanN3D NSM · Βασανῖτιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΒασανῖτις: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΚάρμηλοςCarmelN2 NSM · Κάρμηλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant identificationΚάρμηλος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξανθοῦνταἐξανθοῦνταV2 · παπνσν ἀνθέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσν ἀνθέω + ἐκ: meaning 'ἐξανθοῦντα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛιβάνουLebanonN2 GSM · Λίβανοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ participant identificationΛιβάνου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξέλιπενfail / run shortVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'fail'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
τὰ ὄρη ἐσείσθησαν ἀπ' αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ βουνοὶ ἐσαλεύθησαν καὶ ἀνεστάλη ἡ γῆ ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτοῦ ἡ σύμπασα καὶ πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ
The mountains were shaken before him, and the hills were moved; and the whole earth was upheaved from before him, together with all who dwell in it.
The effect of the theophany becomes universal. Mountains, hills, land, and inhabitants alike are unsettled before the divine presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainsN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐσείσθησανshakenVSI API3P · σείωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσείω: meaning 'shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βουνοὶβουνόςN2 NPM · βουνόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβουνός: meaning 'βουνός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐσαλεύθησανreeledVCI API3P · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'reeled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεστάληwere restrainedVDI API3S · στέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'were restrained'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύμπασαthe wholeA1S NSF · σύμπαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσύμπας: meaning 'the whole'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallA1S NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικοῦντεςdwellingV2 · παπνπμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'dwelling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇitRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ἀπὸ προσώπου ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ τίς ὑποστήσεται καὶ τίς ἀντιστήσεται ἐν ὀργῇ θυμοῦ αὐτοῦ ὁ θυμὸς αὐτοῦ τήκει ἀρχάς καὶ αἱ πέτραι διεθρύβησαν ἀπ' αὐτοῦ
Who will stand before his anger, and who will resist in the wrath of his fury? His rage melts rulers, and the rocks were shattered before him.
Two rhetorical questions expose the impossibility of resisting divine wrath. Even the highest powers and the hardest stones dissolve under his fury.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουface / presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὀργῆςwith angerN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑποστήσεταιὑποVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ὑπο: meaning 'ὑπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίςwho?RI NSM · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτίς: meaning 'who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀντιστήσεταιἵστημι + ἀντιVF FMI3S · ἵστημι + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + ἀντι: meaning 'ἵστημι + ἀντι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀργῇwith angerN1 DSF · ὀργήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceὀργή: meaning 'with anger'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θυμοῦwrathN2 GSM · θυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθυμός: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τήκειmeltsV1 PAI3S · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτήκω: meaning 'melts'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀρχάςrulersN1 APF · ἀρχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀρχή: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέτραιrock / cragN1A NPF · πέτραnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπέτρα: meaning 'rock'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διεθρύβησανδιεθρύβησανVDI API3P · θρύπτω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristθρύπτω + δια: meaning 'διεθρύβησαν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
χρηστὸς κύριος τοῖς ὑπομένουσιν αὐτὸν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ θλίψεως καὶ γινώσκων τοὺς εὐλαβουμένους αὐτόν
The Lord is good to those who wait for him in a day of distress, and he knows those who revere him.
This brief line of reassurance is crucial: the avenging Lord is also a secure refuge for those who endure and wait for him under pressure.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
χρηστὸςkindA1 NSM · χρηστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρηστός: meaning 'kind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςfor theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπομένουσινὑπομένουσινV1 · παπδπμ μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδπμ μένω + ὑπο: meaning 'ὑπομένουσιν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayN1A DSF · ἡμέραdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: meaning 'day'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
θλίψεωςof distressN3I GSF · θλῖψιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθλῖψις: meaning 'of distress'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γινώσκωνgignoskoV1 · παπνσμ γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ γιγνώσκω: meaning 'gignosko'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐλαβουμένουςεὐλαβουμένουςV2 · πμπαπμ εὐλαβέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ εὐλαβέομαι: meaning 'εὐλαβουμένους'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
καὶ ἐν κατακλυσμῷ πορείας συντέλειαν ποιήσεται τοὺς ἐπεγειρομένους καὶ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοῦ διώξεται σκότος
And with an inundating flood he will make an end of those who rise up against him, and darkness will pursue his enemies.
The flood image reverses any confidence in resistance. Those who rise against the Lord are swept away, and darkness itself becomes the agent that chases his enemies.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κατακλυσμῷfloodN2 DSM · κατακλυσμόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκατακλυσμός: meaning 'flood'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
πορείαςjourneyN1A GSF · πορείαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπορεία: meaning 'journey'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
συντέλειανsynteleianN1A ASF · συντέλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'synteleian'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιήσεταιmakeVF FMI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεγειρομένουςἐπεγειρομένουςV1 · πμπαπμ ἐγείρω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπαπμ ἐγείρω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐπεγειρομένους'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςenemiesN2 APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διώξεταιpursueVF FMI3S · διώκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδιώκω: meaning 'pursue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σκότοςdarknessN3E NSN · σκότοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκότος: meaning 'darkness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
τί λογίζεσθε ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον συντέλειαν αὐτὸς ποιήσεται οὐκ ἐκδικήσει δὶς ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ἐν θλίψει
Why are you devising plans against the Lord? He himself will make a full end; he will not take vengeance twice upon the same thing in distress.
The prophet now addresses the enemy directly. Every plan against the Lord is futile because he brings the crisis to a decisive and unrepeatable end.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τίwhat? who?RI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'what? who?'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λογίζεσθεshall be reckonedV1 PMI2P · λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλογίζομαι: meaning 'shall be reckoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLORDN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
συντέλειανsynteleianN1A ASF · συντέλειαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσυντέλεια: meaning 'synteleian'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸς: meaning 'he himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποιήσεταιmakeVF FMI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποιέω: meaning 'make'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκδικήσειhe will take vengeanceVF FAI3S · δικέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδικέω + ἐκ: meaning 'he will take vengeance'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὶςtwiceD · δίςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὶς: meaning 'twice'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θλίψειthlipseiN3I DSF · θλῖψιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθλῖψις: meaning 'thlipsei'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
10
ὅτι ἕως θεμελίου αὐτῶν χερσωθήσεται καὶ ὡς σμῖλαξ περιπλεκομένη βρωθήσεται καὶ ὡς καλάμη ξηρασίας μεστή
For down to their very foundation they shall be laid waste, and as an intertwining bramble they shall be consumed, and like stubble full of dryness.
The imagery piles up on the side of inevitability: uprooted foundations, entangled thorn-growth, and brittle stubble all depict total consumption.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςup toP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'up to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θεμελίουθεμελίουN2N GSN · θεμέλιονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεμέλιον: meaning 'θεμελίου'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χερσωθήσεταιbe laid wasteVC FPI3S · χερσόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureχερσόω: meaning 'be laid waste'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςwhenC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σμῖλαξbrambleN3K NSF · σμῖλαξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσμῖλαξ: meaning 'bramble'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
περιπλεκομένηπεριπλεκομένηV4 · παπνσφ πλέκω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ πλέκω + περι: meaning 'περιπλεκομένη'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
βρωθήσεταιbe consumedVC FPI3S · βιβρώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureβιβρώσκω: meaning 'be consumed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὡςwhenC · ὡςconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καλάμηstubbleN1 NSF · καλάμηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαλάμη: meaning 'stubble'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ξηρασίαςdrynessN1A GSF · ξηρασίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationξηρασία: meaning 'dryness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεστήfullA1 NSF · μεστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμεστός: meaning 'full'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
ἐκ σοῦ ἐξελεύσεται λογισμὸς κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου πονηρὰ λογιζόμενος ἐναντία
From you will come forth a scheme, one devising evil things against the Lord, hostile things.
Nineveh is identified not merely as judged but as morally active: it is the source of deliberate hostile counsel against the Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall come forthVF FMI3S · ἔρχομαι + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔρχομαι + ἐκ: meaning 'shall come forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λογισμὸςpurposeN2 NSM · λογισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλογισμός: meaning 'purpose'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατὰoppositeP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'opposite'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουof the LORDN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the LORD'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πονηρὰevilA1A APN · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
λογιζόμενοςintendingV1 · πμπνσμ λογίζομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ λογίζομαι: meaning 'intending'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐναντίαhostile thingsA1A APN · ἐναντίοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐναντίος: meaning 'hostile things'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
τάδε λέγει κύριος κατάρχων ὑδάτων πολλῶν καὶ οὕτως διασταλήσονται καὶ ἡ ἀκοή σου οὐκ ἐνακουσθήσεται ἔτι
Thus says the Lord, who rules over many waters: Thus shall they be cut off, and your report shall no longer be heard.
The direct oracle begins. The language of many waters evokes strength and abundance, yet even such force will be cut off, and Nineveh’s renown will fall silent.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τάδεοδεRD APN · ὅδεpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτάδε: meaning 'οδε'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λέγειsayV1 PAI3S · λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processλέγω: meaning 'say'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατάρχωνκατάρχωνV1 · παπνσμ ἄρχω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἄρχω + κατα: meaning 'κατάρχων'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑδάτωνὕδωρN3T GPN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'ὕδωρ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλῶνmany / muchA1 GPN · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthusD · οὕτωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὕτως: meaning 'thus'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διασταλήσονταιstello + diaVD FPI3P · στέλλω + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureστέλλω + δια: meaning 'stello + dia'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀκοήreportN1 NSF · ἀκοήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀκοή: meaning 'report'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνακουσθήσεταιobeyVC FPI3S · ἀκούω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω + ἐν: meaning 'obey'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔτιetiD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'eti'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
13
καὶ νῦν συντρίψω τὴν ῥάβδον αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ σοῦ καὶ τοὺς δεσμούς σου διαρρήξω
And now I will break his rod from upon you, and your bonds I will tear apart.
A new addressee comes into view in the singular “you,” now hearing a promise of release: the oppressor’s rod will be broken and the bonds torn away.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντρίψωwas crushedVF FAI1S · τρίβω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτρίβω + συν: meaning 'was crushed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥάβδονscepterN2 ASF · ῥάβδοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥάβδος: meaning 'scepter'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhimRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεσμούςbondsN2 APM · δεσμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδεσμός: meaning 'bonds'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διαρρήξωtoreVF FAI1S · ῥήγνυμι + διαverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥήγνυμι + δια: meaning 'tore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
14
καὶ ἐντελεῖται ὑπὲρ σοῦ κύριος οὐ σπαρήσεται ἐκ τοῦ ὀνόματός σου ἔτι ἐξ οἴκου θεοῦ σου ἐξολεθρεύσω τὰ γλυπτὰ καὶ χωνευτά θήσομαι ταφήν σου ὅτι ταχεῖς
And the Lord will bring it to completion concerning you: your name shall no longer be sown. From the house of your god I will destroy the carved and molten images; I will make your grave, for you are swift to ruin.
The chapter ends with the extinction of Nineveh’s line, the destruction of its idols, and the making of its grave. The doom is total: political memory, cult, and future seed alike are cut off.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐντελεῖταιἐντελεῖταιV2 PMI3S · τελέω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτελέω + ἐν: meaning 'ἐντελεῖται'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὲρunder / byP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπαρήσεταιbe sownVD FPI3S · σπείρωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσπείρω: meaning 'be sown'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtoRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματόςnameN3M GSN · ὄνομαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔτιetiD · ἔτιadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἔτι: meaning 'eti'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξολεθρεύσωdestroy utterlyVF FAI1S · ὀλεθρεύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλεθρεύω + ἐκ: meaning 'destroy utterly'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτὰglyptosA1 APN · γλυπτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγλυπτός: meaning 'glyptos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χωνευτάmolten imagesA1 APN · χωνευτόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχωνευτός: meaning 'molten images'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
θήσομαιplace / appointVF FMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureτίθημι: meaning 'place'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταφήνgraveN1A ASF · ταφήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταφή: meaning 'grave'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταχεῖςswiftA3U APN · ταχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταχύς: meaning 'swift'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.