Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Numbers, Chapter 1ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ Α′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

The English title 'Numbers' descends from the LXX caption ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ, itself drawn from the great military census that opens the book here: on the first day of the second month of the second year after the Exodus, in the wilderness of Sinai and at the tent of testimony, the LORD commands Moses and Aaron to take a head-count (λάβετε ἀρχήν … κατὰ ἀριθμόν) of all males twenty years old and upward 'able to go out in the army' (πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν δυνάμει), organised by clans and ancestral houses.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Numbers 1 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. The English title 'Numbers' descends from the LXX caption ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ, itself drawn from the great military census that opens the book here: on the first day of the second month of the second year after the Exodus, in the wilderness of Sinai and at the tent of testimony, the LORD commands Moses and Aaron to take a head-count (λάβετε ἀρχήν … κατὰ ἀριθμόν) of all males twenty years old and upward 'able to go out in the army' (πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν δυνάμει), organised by clans and ancestral houses. The chapter is dominated by the census/muster vocabulary ἐπισκέπτομαι ('muster / number / review') and its cognate noun ἐπίσκεψις ('mustering / census-total'), which together with the recurring genealogical formula κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατ᾽ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν ('by their kinships, by their ancestral houses') and the phrases κατὰ ἀριθμόν ('by number'), κατὰ κεφαλήν ('by head'), and παρεμβολή ('camp / encampment') give the chapter its administrative, register-like cadence. Twelve tribal chiefs are named, one per tribe (vv. 5–15), in a list whose transliterated Hebrew names — Ελισουρ, Σαλαμιηλ, Ναασσων, Ναθαναηλ, Ελιαβ, Ελισαμα, Γαμαλιηλ, Αβιδαν, Αχιεζερ, Φαγαιηλ, Ελισαφ, Αχιρε — the LXX carries over as indeclinable forms. The tribal totals (vv. 20–43) are reported in a fixed repeating frame, climaxing in the grand total of 603,550 (vv. 45–46), a figure echoing the count of Exod 38:26. The chapter's theological pivot is the exemption of Levi (vv. 47–54): the Levites are deliberately not mustered with the other tribes (οὐκ ἐπεσκέπησαν … οὐ συνεπισκέψῃ) but are set over (ἐπίστησον) the tabernacle of testimony, to carry it, to minister at it (λειτουργήσουσιν), to encamp around it (κύκλῳ τῆς σκηνῆς παρεμβαλοῦσιν), and to guard it (φυλάξουσιν τὴν φυλακήν), so that there be no wrath (ἁμάρτημα) upon the congregation; the trespassing outsider (ὁ ἀλλογενὴς ὁ προσπορευόμενος) is to die. κύριος throughout renders the Tetragrammaton יהוה.

1

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τῇ Σινα ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐν μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ δευτέρου ἔτους δευτέρου ἐξελθόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the tent of testimony, on the first day of the second month in the second year after they had come out of the land of Egypt, saying:

New divine speech-act opening the book (main narrative)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The book opens with the formulaic καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν, the standard LXX introduction to YHWH-speech, here weighted with an unusually full chronological and locative apparatus: place (wilderness of Sinai / tent of testimony) and precise date (first of the second month, second year of the Exodus). The genitive-absolute ἐξελθόντων αὐτῶν anchors the census to the Exodus as its temporal origin; λέγων (a Hebraizing participle rendering לֵאמֹר) cues the direct command that follows in v. 2.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis, rendering waw-consecutive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel); the formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the recurring frame for divine legislation throughout Numbers (cf. 1:48; 2:1; 4:1), each instance opening a fresh oracular unit.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject of the speech-formula marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech, the divine authority behind the entire census-legislation of the chapter.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, dat. Μωυσῇ, acc. Μωυσῆν); accusative here as the directional object of πρός.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place (locative: 'in the wilderness')→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; the wilderness of Sinai is the setting for the whole opening census — Israel is mustered as an army on the march before leaving the mountain of the covenant.
τῇtheDativearticle (attributive, repeated before the place-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣιναSinaiindeclinable place-name in apposition to ἐρήμῳ (the article τῇ supplies the case)→ noun-phrase markingΣινα: transliteration of Hebrew סִינַי; indeclinable in the LXX; the doubled article (τῇ ἐρήμῳ τῇ Σινα) renders the Hebrew construct 'the wilderness of Sinai,' the locus of covenant and now of muster.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtentDativedative of place (locative: 'in the tent')→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל; the phrase σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of testimony') is the standard LXX rendering of אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד, locating the divine address at the sanctuary that houses the testimony (the tablets of the covenant).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of relationship (defining σκηνῇ: 'tent of testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; renders עֵדוּת (the covenant 'testimony') and, in the construct σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, also מוֹעֵד ('meeting'); the LXX's choice of μαρτύριον foregrounds the tent as the place of the covenant-testimony rather than merely of appointed meeting.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal: 'on the first day')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'on the first day').
μιᾷthe first (day)Dativesubstantivized numeral (temporal dative: 'on day one')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine dative μιᾷ stands for 'the first day' (ἡμέρᾳ understood), rendering Hebrew בְּאֶחָד לַחֹדֶשׁ ('on the first of the month'); the cardinal 'one' for the ordinal 'first' is a Hebraism in date formulae.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthGenitivepartitive genitive (with μιᾷ: 'the first day of the month')→ relational specificationμήν: 'month'; renders חֹדֶשׁ; the genitive specifies which month-day is meant; the second month of the second year places the census one month after the erection of the tabernacle (Exod 40:17).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with δευτέρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρουsecondGenitiveattributive ordinal (modifying μηνός: 'of the second month')→ relational specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; renders הַשֵּׁנִי; the second month (later called Iyyar) of the religious calendar reckoned from the Exodus.
ἔτουςyearGenitivegenitive of time (within which: 'in the … year')→ relational specificationἔτος: 'year'; renders שָׁנָה; the genitive of time-within-which dates the whole census-event to the second year of the wilderness period.
δευτέρουsecondGenitiveattributive ordinal (modifying ἔτους: 'the second year')→ relational specificationδεύτερος: here qualifying ἔτους; 'the second year' is counted from the Exodus from Egypt, made explicit by the genitive-absolute that follows.
ἐξελθόντωνhaving come outAor Act Part Gen Pl Masc · ἐξέρχομαιgenitive absolute participle (temporal: 'after they had come out')→ antecedent aorist participle (action prior to the dating)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out'; renders יָצָא; the genitive absolute ἐξελθόντων αὐτῶν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ('after they had gone out of the land of Egypt') anchors the chronology of the census to the Exodus as the foundational event from which Israel's calendar is reckoned.
αὐτῶνtheyGenitivesubject of the genitive-absolute participle→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive pronoun is the subject of the absolute construction, referring to the sons of Israel.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
γῆςlandGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ: 'out of the land')→ relational specificationγῆ: 'land / earth'; the formula ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου ('out of the land of Egypt') is the fixed LXX designation of the place of bondage left behind at the Exodus.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptGenitivegenitive of location (with γῆς: 'land of Egypt')→ relational specificationΑἴγυπτος (gen. Αἰγύπτου): standard LXX form of Hebrew מִצְרַיִם; the genitive completes the Exodus-formula that dates the census.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing direct discourse)→ circumstantial present participle (Hebraizing complementizer)λέγω: the participle λέγων renders Hebrew לֵאמֹר, the standard quotative complementizer introducing direct speech; it cues the divine command of vv. 2–3.
2

λάβετε ἀρχὴν πάσης συναγωγῆς υἱῶν Ισραηλ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ἐξ ὀνόματος αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πᾶς ἄρσην

Take a sum of all the congregation of the sons of Israel by their kinships, by the houses of their fathers, by number, by their name, head by head — every male:

Divine command: the census instruction (content of v.1's λέγων)λάβετε ἀρχήν
The plural imperative λάβετε is addressed to Moses and Aaron jointly. The idiom λάβετε ἀρχήν ('take a beginning / a sum / a count') renders Hebrew שְׂאוּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ ('lift up the head / take a census of'), the technical census-formula. A chain of κατά + accusative phrases (κατὰ συγγενείας … κατ᾽ οἴκους πατριῶν … κατὰ ἀριθμόν … κατὰ κεφαλήν) defines the registration's nested categories; the asyndetic πᾶς ἄρσην ('every male') states the scope, expanded in v. 3.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
λάβετεtakeAor Act Impv 2 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses and Aaron)→ ingressive aorist imperative (begin the census)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; in the idiom λάβετε ἀρχήν it renders the Hebrew census-formula נָשָׂא אֶת־רֹאשׁ ('take/lift the head'); the plural imperative includes both Moses and Aaron as the responsible officials.
ἀρχὴνa sum / beginningAccusativedirect object of λάβετε (idiomatic: 'a count / total')→ object specificationἀρχή: lit. 'beginning / sum / head-count'; here it renders רֹאשׁ ('head') in the census-idiom נָשָׂא רֹאשׁ; the Greek λάβετε ἀρχήν thus calques the Hebrew 'lift the head (= reckon the total)' of the congregation.
πάσηςallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying συναγωγῆς: 'all the congregation')→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the feminine genitive πάσης agrees with συναγωγῆς; the totality-marker signals that no eligible Israelite household is excluded from the muster.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitiveobjective genitive (the body being counted)→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'gathering / congregation / assembly'; renders עֵדָה; the standard LXX term for Israel assembled as a corporate community; here it is the whole body whose 'sum' is to be taken.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of identity (defining συναγωγῆς: 'congregation of the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the phrase υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('sons of Israel') renders בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the standard designation of the people as the descendants of the patriarch Jacob/Israel.
ΙσραηλIsraelindeclinable proper noun in genitive relation (with υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here the patriarch whose 'sons' constitute the covenant people being numbered.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by / according to')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by / according to'; the chain of κατά-phrases in vv. 2–3 renders the Hebrew distributive ל-/לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָם, organising the census into nested genealogical categories.
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by their clans')→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'kinship / family / clan'; renders מִשְׁפָּחָה; the first and broadest sub-tribal unit in the census taxonomy (clan), within which the ancestral houses are nested.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with συγγενείας)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with συγγενείας).
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive: 'by houses')→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / household'; in the phrase οἶκοι πατριῶν ('houses of fathers') renders בֵּית אָבוֹת, the ancestral-house unit, the second tier nested within the clan.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους: 'ancestral houses')→ relational specificationπατριά: 'lineage / paternal family'; the construct οἴκους πατριῶν renders בֵּית אָבוֹת ('father's house'); this genealogical formula (κατὰ συγγενείας … κατ᾽ οἴκους πατριῶν) recurs as the chapter's structuring refrain.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατριῶν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πατριῶν).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by number')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number / count'; renders מִסְפָּר; the noun that gives the book its LXX title ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ; κατὰ ἀριθμόν ('by number') stresses the exact head-count nature of the registration.
ἐξby / frompreposition + genitive (source/basis: 'by name')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ before vowel): in the phrase ἐξ ὀνόματος ('by name') renders Hebrew בְּמִסְפַּר שֵׁמוֹת, registering each individual by personal name, not merely as an anonymous unit.
ὀνόματοςnameGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (basis: 'by name')→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the singular ὀνόματος ('by name') is collective-distributive — each man enrolled individually by his own name.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὀνόματος)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ὀνόματος).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'head by head')→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head'; renders גֻּלְגֹּלֶת ('skull / poll'); the idiom κατὰ κεφαλήν ('per head / poll by poll') marks the census as an individual enumeration of persons, not households.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with κεφαλήν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κεφαλήν).
πᾶςeveryNominativeadjective (distributive, defining the scope: 'every male')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; the masculine nominative πᾶς agrees with ἄρσην; the phrase πᾶς ἄρσην ('every male') states the gender-scope of the census, here in a nominative of specification (the heading of the count).
ἄρσηνmaleNominativesubstantivized adjective (in apposition: 'every male')→ participant prominenceἄρσην: 'male'; renders זָכָר; the census counts only males, and (per v. 3) only those of military age; the term recurs as ἀρσενικόν ('male') in the tribal totals (vv. 20ff.).
3

ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν δυνάμει Ισραηλ ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτοὺς σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν σὺ καὶ Ααρων ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτούς

from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army of Israel — muster them with their host, you and Aaron; muster them.

Continuation of the census-command: age-criterion and addresseesἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς
v. 3 fixes the eligibility threshold (twenty years and upward) and the qualifying criterion (πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν δυνάμει — 'everyone able to deploy in the army'), making clear that the census is a military muster. The imperative ἐπισκέψασθε ('muster / review') is the chapter's keyword, repeated for emphasis at the verse's end; σὺ καὶ Ααρων names the two officials directly.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound of age-range)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: in the formula ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω ('from twenty years and upward') renders מִבֶּן עֶשְׂרִים שָׁנָה וָמַעְלָה; ἀπό marks the lower bound of the military-age bracket.
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized: 'from a twenty-year-old')→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old'; a compound adjective (εἴκοσι + ἔτος) here substantivized; twenty is the age of military and civic majority in Israel (cf. Exod 30:14); the same threshold governs every tribal total below.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension: 'and above')→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'above / upward'; renders וָמָעְלָה; the open-ended upper bound — all males twenty and older, with no upper age-limit specified for the muster.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial phrase)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; with the articular participle ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος it forms the formula πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν δυνάμει ('everyone who goes out in the army'), the recurring qualification for inclusion in the muster.
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / able to servePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (defining eligibility: 'the one who goes out in the army')→ customary/characterizing present participle (one fit for military service)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out / march out'; the articular participle ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν δυνάμει renders יֹצֵא צָבָא ('going out to war / fit for the army'); it is a technical idiom for being of military capacity, the central qualifying criterion of the census.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere: 'in the army')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere: 'in the army').
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere (with ἐκπορευόμενος: 'in the army')→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'power / host / army'; renders צָבָא ('army / host'); in this military sense δύναμις denotes the fighting force; the muster reckons all those fit to march in Israel's host.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun in genitive relation (with δυνάμει: 'the army of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: here qualifying δυνάμει — the host belongs to the nation Israel, mustered as a single army.
ἐπισκέψασθεmusterAor Mid Impv 2 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (the census imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperative (carry out the muster)ἐπισκέπτομαι: 'visit / inspect / muster / review (troops)'; renders פָּקַד; the keyword of the chapter, denoting the formal review and enrollment of the host; its cognate noun ἐπίσκεψις ('muster-total') reports each tribal sum below.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object of ἐπισκέψασθε→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of ἐπισκέψασθε.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with their host')→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with / together with'; the phrase σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν ('with their host') views each contingent as mustered in its army-formation, not as scattered individuals.
δυνάμειhostDativedative object of σύν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: here in the comitative phrase σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν, 'with their host / by their armies'; the recurring σὺν δυνάμει qualifies the muster as an army-by-army reckoning.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with δυνάμει)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δυνάμει).
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic personal pronoun: Moses)→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic nominative pronoun names Moses as principal agent of the muster, paired with Aaron; the two officials together bear responsibility for the census.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining σύ and Ααρων)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronindeclinable proper noun (coordinate subject with σύ)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; Moses' brother and the high priest, here associated with him in conducting the census.
ἐπισκέψασθεmusterAor Mid Impv 2 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (emphatic resumptive repetition of the command)→ ingressive aorist imperative (resumptive emphasis)ἐπισκέπτομαι: the repeated imperative ἐπισκέψασθε αὐτούς closes the verse by reiterating the command — a Hebraizing resumptive emphasis stressing the urgency and importance of the muster.
αὐτούςthemAccusativedirect object of the repeated ἐπισκέψασθε→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as direct object of the repeated ἐπισκέψασθε.
4

καὶ μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν ἔσονται ἕκαστος κατὰ φυλὴν ἑκάστου ἀρχόντων κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν ἔσονται

And with you there shall be, for each tribe, one of the chiefs of each — each the head of the house of his fathers; they shall be present.

Continuation: the tribal assistants appointed to Moses and Aaronκαὶ μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν ἔσονται
v. 4 supplies the personnel who will assist the two officials: one representative per tribe, each the head (ἄρχων) of his ancestral house. The distributive ἕκαστος … ἑκάστου and the κατὰ φυλήν / κατ᾽ οἴκους πατριῶν phrasing anticipate the named roster of vv. 5–15. The framing verb ἔσονται brackets the verse (inclusio).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεθ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingμετά (μεθ᾿ before rough breathing): 'with'; the phrase μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν ('with you [pl.]') places the tribal chiefs alongside Moses and Aaron as co-workers in the muster.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of μεθ᾿ (2nd person plural: Moses and Aaron)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μεθ᾿ (2nd person plural: Moses and Aaron).
ἔσονταιthere shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (predicting the assistants' presence)→ predictive/prescriptive future (regulatory: they are to be present)εἰμί (fut. ἔσονται): 'be / be present'; the future here has prescriptive force — the tribal heads are to attend Moses and Aaron; the verb brackets the verse, recurring at its close.
ἕκαστοςeach oneNominativesubject (distributive: 'each man')→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each / every one'; distributive pronoun marking that one representative is drawn from every tribe — universal tribal participation in the census apparatus.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by tribe')→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive: 'by tribe').
φυλὴνtribeAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'for each tribe')→ object specificationφυλή: 'tribe'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; the twelve tribes are the primary organizational unit of the muster, each furnishing one chief.
ἑκάστουof eachGenitivepartitive genitive (distributive: 'one of each')→ relational specificationἕκαστος: the genitive ἑκάστου here is distributive-partitive, reinforcing the one-per-tribe principle: from each tribe, its own chief.
ἀρχόντωνof the chiefsGenitivepartitive genitive (the class from which each representative comes)→ relational specificationἄρχων: 'ruler / chief / leader'; renders נָשִׂיא ('chief / prince'); the partitive genitive ἀρχόντων identifies each tribal representative as one of the chiefs — the heads named in vv. 5–15.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive: 'by houses')→ object specificationοἶκος: in the construct οἴκους πατριῶν, the ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת); each chief heads his own paternal house.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους: 'ancestral houses')→ relational specificationπατριά: 'lineage / paternal family'; the genealogical formula κατ᾽ οἴκους πατριῶν again structures the personnel by ancestral house.
ἔσονταιthey shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (resumptive, closing the verse: 'they shall be present')→ predictive/prescriptive future (resumptive bracket)εἰμί (fut. ἔσονται): the repeated ἔσονται forms an inclusio around the verse, a Hebraizing resumption emphasizing that these heads are required to attend; the doubled verb mirrors the doubled ἐπισκέψασθε of v. 3.
5

καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν οἵτινες παραστήσονται μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν τῶν Ρουβην Ελισουρ υἱὸς Σεδιουρ

And these are the names of the men who shall stand with you: of Reuben, Elisour son of Sediour;

Heading of the roster of tribal chiefs (vv. 5–15)καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα
The presentation-formula καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα ('and these are the names') opens the list of the twelve chiefs who will assist Moses and Aaron. The relative clause οἵτινες παραστήσονται μεθ᾽ ὑμῶν ('who shall stand with you') restates v. 4. Each subsequent entry follows a fixed pattern: τῶν + tribe (partitive 'of [tribe]'), the chief's name, υἱός, and the father's name.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject: 'these are the names')→ participant referenceοὗτος: the demonstrative ταῦτα (nom. pl. neut.) is the subject of an equative clause with predicate τὰ ὀνόματα; the cataphoric 'these' points forward to the roster that follows.
τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesNominativepredicate nominative (equative: 'these are the names')→ participant prominenceὄνομα: 'name'; the heading τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν ('the names of the men') introduces the formal list of tribal chiefs.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρῶνmenGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὀνόματα: 'the names of the men')→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. pl. ἀνδρῶν): 'man / male / husband'; renders אִישׁ; here the twelve chosen tribal heads, the 'men' whose names are about to be enumerated.
οἵτινεςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of παραστήσονται)→ participant referenceὅστις: 'whoever / who'; the indefinite relative οἵτινες (nom. pl. masc.) here functions as a simple relative 'who', introducing the defining clause about the chiefs' function.
παραστήσονταιshall stand byFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · παρίστημιverb of relative clause (defining the chiefs' role)→ predictive future (their appointed attendance)παρίστημι (mid. παρίστασθαι): 'stand by / be present / attend'; renders עָמַד; the middle future παραστήσονται denotes official attendance — the chiefs will take their stand alongside Moses and Aaron as assisting officials.
μεθ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingμεθ᾿: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (accompaniment, elided before vowel).
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of μεθ᾿ (Moses and Aaron)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive object of μεθ᾿ (Moses and Aaron).
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name: 'of [the men/sons of] Reuben')→ noun-phrase markingὁ (gen. pl. τῶν): the recurring partitive article τῶν + indeclinable tribe-name ('of [those] of Reuben') opens each roster entry; the genitive plural supplies the tribal affiliation of the named chief.
ΡουβηνReubenindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Reuben')→ participant identificationΡουβην: transliteration of Hebrew רְאוּבֵן; indeclinable in the LXX; Jacob's firstborn and the first tribe listed, as befits his birth-order (cf. v. 20, 'Reuben, firstborn of Israel').
ΕλισουρElisourindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: the chief of Reuben)→ participant identificationΕλισουρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִיצוּר ('my God is a rock'); indeclinable; the chief (ἄρχων) of the tribe of Reuben.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic: 'son of …')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the recurring patronymic formula υἱὸς + father's name identifies each chief by his paternity, anchoring him in his ancestral house.
ΣεδιουρSediourindeclinable personal name (genitive relation under υἱός: father of Elisour)→ participant identificationΣεδιουρ: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁדֵיאוּר; indeclinable; the father of Elisour.
6

τῶν Συμεων Σαλαμιηλ υἱὸς Σουρισαδαι

of Simeon, Salamiel son of Sourisadai;

Roster entry: chief of Simeon (verbless, in the list of vv. 5–15)τῶν Συμεων
A verbless roster entry in the fixed pattern τῶν + tribe + chief + υἱός + father, continuing the list begun in v. 5; the predicate ('shall stand with you') is carried over from v. 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣυμεωνSimeonindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Simeon')→ participant identificationΣυμεων: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן; indeclinable; Jacob's second son and the second tribe in the roster.
ΣαλαμιηλSalamielindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Simeon)→ participant identificationΣαλαμιηλ: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁלֻמִיאֵל ('friend of God'); indeclinable; the chief of the tribe of Simeon.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΣουρισαδαιSourisadaiindeclinable personal name (father of Salamiel)→ participant identificationΣουρισαδαι: transliteration of Hebrew צוּרִישַׁדָּי ('Shaddai is a rock'); indeclinable; the father of Salamiel.
7

τῶν Ιουδα Ναασσων υἱὸς Αμιναδαβ

of Judah, Naasson son of Aminadab;

Roster entry: chief of Judahτῶν Ιουδα
Roster entry for Judah; Naasson (Heb. Nahshon) son of Aminadab is notable as an ancestor of David and, in the NT genealogies, of the Messiah (Ruth 4:20; Matt 1:4; Luke 3:32–33).
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαJudahindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Judah')→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה; indeclinable; the royal tribe from which David and (in NT typology) the Messiah descend.
ΝαασσωνNaassonindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Judah)→ participant identificationΝαασσων: transliteration of Hebrew נַחְשׁוֹן (Nahshon); indeclinable; chief of Judah and ancestor of David (Ruth 4:20–22); cited in the genealogy of Jesus (Matt 1:4).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΑμιναδαβAminadabindeclinable personal name (father of Naasson)→ participant identificationΑμιναδαβ: transliteration of Hebrew עַמִּינָדָב; indeclinable; the father of Naasson, likewise in the Davidic and messianic line.
8

τῶν Ισσαχαρ Ναθαναηλ υἱὸς Σωγαρ

of Issachar, Nathanael son of Sogar;

Roster entry: chief of Issacharτῶν Ισσαχαρ
Roster entry for Issachar in the fixed pattern; the predicate ('shall stand with you') is carried over from v. 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσσαχαρIssacharindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Issachar')→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשָּׂשכָר; indeclinable; the ninth son of Jacob, fifth by Leah.
ΝαθαναηλNathanaelindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Issachar)→ participant identificationΝαθαναηλ: transliteration of Hebrew נְתַנְאֵל ('God has given'); indeclinable; the chief of Issachar.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΣωγαρSogarindeclinable personal name (father of Nathanael)→ participant identificationΣωγαρ: transliteration of Hebrew צוּעָר (Zuar); indeclinable; the father of Nathanael.
9

τῶν Ζαβουλων Ελιαβ υἱὸς Χαιλων

of Zebulun, Eliab son of Chailon;

Roster entry: chief of Zebulunτῶν Ζαβουλων
Roster entry for Zebulun in the fixed pattern; predicate carried over from v. 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΖαβουλωνZebulunindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Zebulun')→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: transliteration of Hebrew זְבוּלֻן; indeclinable; the sixth and last son of Leah.
ΕλιαβEliabindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Zebulun)→ participant identificationΕλιαβ: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִיאָב ('my God is father'); indeclinable; the chief of Zebulun.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΧαιλωνChailonindeclinable personal name (father of Eliab)→ participant identificationΧαιλων: transliteration of Hebrew חֵלֹן (Helon); indeclinable; the father of Eliab.
10

τῶν υἱῶν Ιωσηφ τῶν Εφραιμ Ελισαμα υἱὸς Εμιουδ τῶν Μανασση Γαμαλιηλ υἱὸς Φαδασσουρ

of the sons of Joseph: of Ephraim, Elisama son of Emioud; of Manasseh, Gamaliel son of Phadassour;

Double roster entry: the two Joseph tribes (Ephraim and Manasseh)τῶν υἱῶν Ιωσηφ
Joseph furnishes two chiefs, one for each of his sons' tribes — Ephraim and Manasseh — so that the secular tribe-count remains twelve even though Levi is set apart (vv. 47ff.). The heading τῶν υἱῶν Ιωσηφ ('of the sons of Joseph') governs the two sub-entries that follow in the standard pattern.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τῶνof theGenitivepartitive article (governing υἱῶν Ιωσηφ)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (partitive: 'of the sons of Joseph')→ relational specificationυἱός: here the 'sons of Joseph' are his two sons Ephraim and Manasseh, each the eponym of a tribe; Joseph's double portion (Gen 48:5) yields two tribal divisions.
ΙωσηφJosephindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation under υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙωσηφ: transliteration of Hebrew יוֹסֵף; indeclinable; the patriarch whose two sons stand in for him among the twelve tribes.
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name Ephraim)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Ephraim')→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם; indeclinable; Joseph's younger son, given precedence over Manasseh (Gen 48:14, 19) and named first here.
ΕλισαμαElisamaindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Ephraim)→ participant identificationΕλισαμα: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִישָׁמָע ('my God has heard'); indeclinable; the chief of Ephraim.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΕμιουδEmioudindeclinable personal name (father of Elisama)→ participant identificationΕμιουδ: transliteration of Hebrew עַמִּיהוּד (Ammihud); indeclinable; the father of Elisama.
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name Manasseh)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜανασσηManassehindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Manasseh')→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה; indeclinable (Rahlfs keeps the form invariable); Joseph's elder son, the second Joseph tribe.
ΓαμαλιηλGamalielindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Manasseh)→ participant identificationΓαμαλιηλ: transliteration of Hebrew גַּמְלִיאֵל ('God is my reward'); indeclinable; the chief of Manasseh (the name later borne by Paul's teacher, Acts 22:3).
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΦαδασσουρPhadassourindeclinable personal name (father of Gamaliel)→ participant identificationΦαδασσουρ: transliteration of Hebrew פְּדָהצוּר (Pedahzur); indeclinable; the father of Gamaliel.
11

τῶν Βενιαμιν Αβιδαν υἱὸς Γαδεωνι

of Benjamin, Abidan son of Gadeoni;

Roster entry: chief of Benjaminτῶν Βενιαμιν
Roster entry for Benjamin in the fixed pattern; predicate carried over from v. 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Benjamin')→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliteration of Hebrew בִּנְיָמִין; indeclinable; Jacob's youngest son, the third of the Rachel-line tribes (with Ephraim and Manasseh).
ΑβιδανAbidanindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Benjamin)→ participant identificationΑβιδαν: transliteration of Hebrew אֲבִידָן ('my father is judge'); indeclinable; the chief of Benjamin.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΓαδεωνιGadeoniindeclinable personal name (father of Abidan)→ participant identificationΓαδεωνι: transliteration of Hebrew גִּדְעֹנִי (Gideoni); indeclinable; the father of Abidan.
12

τῶν Δαν Αχιεζερ υἱὸς Αμισαδαι

of Dan, Achiezer son of Amisadai;

Roster entry: chief of Danτῶν Δαν
Roster entry for Dan in the fixed pattern; predicate carried over from v. 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔανDanindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Dan')→ participant identificationΔαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּן; indeclinable; the eldest son of Bilhah (Rachel's maid).
ΑχιεζερAchiezerindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Dan)→ participant identificationΑχιεζερ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִיעֶזֶר ('my brother is help'); indeclinable; the chief of Dan.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΑμισαδαιAmisadaiindeclinable personal name (father of Achiezer)→ participant identificationΑμισαδαι: transliteration of Hebrew עַמִּישַׁדָּי (Ammishaddai, 'Shaddai is my kinsman'); indeclinable; the father of Achiezer.
13

τῶν Ασηρ Φαγαιηλ υἱὸς Εχραν

of Asher, Phagaiel son of Echran;

Roster entry: chief of Asherτῶν Ασηρ
Roster entry for Asher in the fixed pattern; predicate carried over from v. 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσηρAsherindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Asher')→ participant identificationΑσηρ: transliteration of Hebrew אָשֵׁר; indeclinable; the second son of Zilpah (Leah's maid).
ΦαγαιηλPhagaielindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Asher)→ participant identificationΦαγαιηλ: transliteration of Hebrew פַּגְעִיאֵל (Pagiel); indeclinable; the chief of Asher.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΕχρανEchranindeclinable personal name (father of Phagaiel)→ participant identificationΕχραν: transliteration of Hebrew עָכְרָן (Ochran); indeclinable; the father of Phagaiel.
14

τῶν Γαδ Ελισαφ υἱὸς Ραγουηλ

of Gad, Elisaph son of Ragouel;

Roster entry: chief of Gadτῶν Γαδ
Roster entry for Gad in the fixed pattern; predicate carried over from v. 5.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΓαδGadindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Gad')→ participant identificationΓαδ: transliteration of Hebrew גָּד; indeclinable; the eldest son of Zilpah (Leah's maid).
ΕλισαφElisaphindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Gad)→ participant identificationΕλισαφ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְיָסָף (Eliasaph); indeclinable; the chief of Gad.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΡαγουηλRagouelindeclinable personal name (father of Elisaph)→ participant identificationΡαγουηλ: transliteration of Hebrew רְעוּאֵל (Reuel/Deuel; cf. דְּעוּאֵל); indeclinable; the father of Elisaph.
15

τῶν Νεφθαλι Αχιρε υἱὸς Αιναν

of Naphtali, Achire son of Ainan.

Roster entry: chief of Naphtali (closing the list of vv. 5–15)τῶν Νεφθαλι
The final roster entry, for Naphtali, completing the twelve secular tribal chiefs; the summary characterization follows in v. 16.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
τῶνof the (tribe of)Genitivepartitive article (governing the tribe-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliindeclinable tribe-name (genitive relation under τῶν: 'of Naphtali')→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: transliteration of Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי; indeclinable; the second son of Bilhah (Rachel's maid).
ΑχιρεAchireindeclinable personal name (nominative in apposition: chief of Naphtali)→ participant identificationΑχιρε: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִירַע (Ahira); indeclinable; the chief of Naphtali.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as nominative in apposition (patronymic).
ΑινανAinanindeclinable personal name (father of Achire)→ participant identificationΑιναν: transliteration of Hebrew עֵינָן (Enan); indeclinable; the father of Achire.
16

οὗτοι ἐπίκλητοι τῆς συναγωγῆς ἄρχοντες τῶν φυλῶν κατὰ πατριάς χιλίαρχοι Ισραηλ εἰσίν

These are the ones summoned of the congregation, chiefs of the tribes by ancestral houses; they are the commanders of thousands of Israel.

Summary characterization of the twelve chiefs (closing unit B)οὗτοι … εἰσίν
A summarizing predication closing the roster: the demonstrative οὗτοι gathers the twelve named men under three titles — ἐπίκλητοι ('summoned / called ones'), ἄρχοντες τῶν φυλῶν ('chiefs of the tribes'), and χιλίαρχοι Ισραηλ ('commanders of thousands of Israel') — defining their representative, administrative, and military authority. The copula εἰσίν stands at the verse-end (Hebraizing word-order).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject: 'these men')→ participant referenceοὗτος: the anaphoric οὗτοι (nom. pl. masc.) gathers up the twelve chiefs just named as the subject of the summarizing predication.
ἐπίκλητοιsummoned / calledNominativepredicate nominative (first title: 'the called ones')→ participant prominenceἐπίκλητος: 'summoned / called by name'; renders קְרִיא / קְרוּאֵי הָעֵדָה ('the called of the congregation'); a verbal adjective designating those officially convoked for the census-task.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitivegenitive of relationship (with ἐπίκλητοι: 'summoned of the congregation')→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation' (עֵדָה); these men are the summoned representatives of the whole assembly being numbered.
ἄρχοντεςchiefsNominativepredicate nominative (second title: 'chiefs of the tribes')→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'ruler / chief / prince'; renders נָשִׂיא; the tribal chiefs (cf. v. 4 ἀρχόντων) are the recognized heads of their tribes, exercising leadership over the muster.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῶνtribesGenitivegenitive of subordination (with ἄρχοντες: 'chiefs of the tribes')→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה); the chiefs rule over the twelve tribes, the primary divisions of the host.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by ancestral houses')→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive: 'by ancestral houses').
πατριάςancestral housesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by paternal families')→ object specificationπατριά: 'lineage / paternal family / clan'; the phrase κατὰ πατριάς ('by ancestral houses') again specifies the genealogical basis of their leadership.
χιλίαρχοιcommanders of thousandsNominativepredicate nominative (third title: 'chiliarchs')→ participant prominenceχιλίαρχος: 'commander of a thousand / chiliarch'; renders אַלְפֵי / רָאשֵׁי אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ('heads of the thousands of Israel'); the military title marks the chiefs as the senior officers of Israel's host, organized by 'thousands.'
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun in genitive relation (with χιλίαρχοι)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: here in genitive relation, 'of Israel' — the chiliarchs belong to and command the national host.
εἰσίνthey arePres Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula (linking οὗτοι to its predicate nominatives)→ stative present (defining their standing identity)εἰμί (pres. εἰσίν): the copula stands clause-finally in Hebraizing word-order, closing the summary identification of the twelve chiefs.
17

καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων τοὺς ἄνδρας τούτους τοὺς ἀνακληθέντας ἐξ ὀνόματος

And Moses and Aaron took these men who had been designated by name,

Narrative execution: Moses and Aaron act on the command (opening unit C)καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων
The narrative resumes (level 0): Moses and Aaron 'take' (ἔλαβεν, picking up λάβετε of v. 2) the twelve men just named. The participle τοὺς ἀνακληθέντας ('who had been called/designated by name') ties the execution back to the divine designation; the verb ἔλαβεν is singular though the subject is compound (Moses-and-Aaron treated as a unit, with Moses as principal).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (singular with compound subject)→ constative aorist (single completed act)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; the aorist ἔλαβεν narrates the execution of the command, echoing the imperative λάβετε (v. 2); the singular verb with the compound subject Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων treats the pair as a single agency, with Moses as principal.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (first of compound subject)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (first of compound subject).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the compound subject)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronindeclinable proper noun (second of compound subject)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable; Moses' brother, again paired with him as joint executor of the census.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἄνδρας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationἀνήρ (acc. pl. ἄνδρας): 'man'; the twelve chiefs just named are the object 'taken' — i.e., enlisted as assistants.
τούτουςtheseAccusativedemonstrative adjective (modifying ἄνδρας: 'these men')→ object specificationοὗτος: the demonstrative τούτους points back to the men listed in vv. 5–15.
τοὺςthe (who)Accusativearticle (substantivizing the following participle)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνακληθένταςdesignated / called by nameAor Pass Part Acc Pl Masc · ἀνακαλέωattributive participle (modifying ἄνδρας: 'who had been designated')→ antecedent aorist passive participle (prior divine designation)ἀνακαλέω (aor. pass. ἀνακληθέντας): 'call out / summon / designate by name'; the passive (with God as implicit agent) marks these men as those formally named in the roster; ἐξ ὀνόματος ('by name') reinforces their individual designation.
ἐξbypreposition + genitive (basis: 'by name')→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (basis: 'by name').
ὀνόματοςnameGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (basis: 'by name')→ relational specificationὄνομα: the phrase ἐξ ὀνόματος ('by name', cf. v. 2) stresses that each chief was individually and explicitly designated, not chosen at random.
18

καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν συναγωγὴν συνήγαγον ἐν μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ δευτέρου ἔτους καὶ ἐπηξονοῦσαν κατὰ γενέσεις αὐτῶν κατὰ πατριὰς αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν

and they assembled all the congregation on the first day of the second month of the year, and they registered themselves by their generations, by their ancestral houses, by the number of their names, from twenty years old and upward, every male, head by head,

Narrative execution: the assembly is convened and enrolledκαὶ … συνήγαγον
The execution continues: the whole congregation is gathered on the appointed day, and they register themselves (ἐπηξονοῦσαν — a rare verb of public enrollment) according to the same nested categories commanded in vv. 2–3 (γενέσεις … πατριάς … ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων … κεφαλήν). The verse mirrors the command almost word for word, marking faithful compliance.
Word-by-word analysis· 33 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying συναγωγὴν: 'all the congregation')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; the totality-marker (cf. v. 2) — the entire assembly is gathered, none excluded.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγὴνcongregationAccusativedirect object of συνήγαγον→ object specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation / assembly' (עֵדָה); the body convened for enrollment; note the figura etymologica with συνήγαγον ('they gathered the gathering').
συνήγαγονthey gatheredAor Act Indic 3 Pl · συνάγωmain verb (Moses and Aaron as subject)→ constative aorist (completed act of convening)συνάγω: 'gather together / assemble'; renders קָהַל / אָסַף; cognate with συναγωγή, producing a figura etymologica ('they assembled the assembly'); the plural subject is Moses and Aaron.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal: 'on the first day')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'on the first day').
μιᾷthe first (day)Dativesubstantivized numeral (temporal dative: 'on day one')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; μιᾷ = 'on the first (day) of the month' (cf. v. 1), the same date as the divine command — execution follows immediately.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthGenitivepartitive genitive (with μιᾷ: 'the first of the month')→ relational specificationμήν: 'month' (חֹדֶשׁ); the second month, as in v. 1.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with δευτέρου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρουsecondGenitiveattributive ordinal (modifying μηνός: 'of the second month')→ relational specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; the second month, as in v. 1.
ἔτουςof the yearGenitivegenitive of time (within which: 'of the year')→ relational specificationἔτος: 'year' (שָׁנָה); the genitive completes the date, repeating the chronology of v. 1.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπηξονοῦσανthey registered themselvesImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐπαξονέωmain verb (the congregation as subject: self-enrollment)→ iterative imperfect (the enrolling proceeded individual by individual)ἐπαξονέω: 'enroll / register (in the public records)'; a rare verb derived from ἄξων (the wooden 'axon' tablet on which records were inscribed); it renders the Hithpael of יָלַד here used for declaring one's pedigree (וַיִּתְיַלְדוּ, 'they declared their genealogies'); the imperfect ἐπηξονοῦσαν depicts the registration as an ongoing, person-by-person process.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
γενέσειςgenerationsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by their generations')→ object specificationγένεσις: 'origin / generation / genealogy'; renders תּוֹלְדוֹת / מִשְׁפְּחֹת; κατὰ γενέσεις ('by generations / family lines') is the genealogical basis of the registration.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with γενέσεις)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with γενέσεις).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
πατριὰςancestral housesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by their ancestral houses')→ object specificationπατριά: 'paternal family / clan' (בֵּית אָבוֹת); the recurring genealogical unit, here in the accusative as object of the distributive κατά.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατριὰς)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πατριὰς).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by the number of names')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number / count' (מִסְפָּר); κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων ('by the number of names') registers each man individually by his name, as commanded in v. 2.
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν: 'number of names')→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם); the genitive ὀνομάτων specifies that the 'number' counted is a register of individual names.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὀνομάτων)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ὀνομάτων).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound of age-range)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower bound of age-range).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized: 'from a twenty-year-old')→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3); the military-age threshold, applied here in the execution exactly as commanded.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension: 'and above')→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'above / upward' (וָמָעְלָה); the open-ended upper bound, as in v. 3.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀρσενικὸν: 'every male')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every'; the neuter πᾶν agrees with ἀρσενικόν, marking the inclusive scope of the male count.
ἀρσενικὸνmaleAccusativesubstantivized adjective (object/specification: 'every male')→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male'; renders זָכָר; a near-synonym of ἄρσην (v. 2), the form used throughout the tribal totals (vv. 20ff.); specifies the gender-scope of the registration.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'head by head')→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive: 'head by head').
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by head')→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת); κατὰ κεφαλήν ('head by head', cf. v. 2) marks the individual poll-count.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with κεφαλὴν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κεφαλὴν).
19

ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ καὶ ἐπεσκέπησαν ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ τῇ Σινα

just as the LORD had commanded Moses; and they were mustered in the wilderness of Sinai.

Compliance-formula closing the muster narrative (unit C)ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος
The compliance-formula ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ('in the manner the LORD commanded Moses') seals the execution as exact obedience; the passive ἐπεσκέπησαν ('they were mustered') is the keyword ἐπισκέπτομαι in the aorist passive, reporting the completed census in the wilderness of Sinai (inclusio with v. 1).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'in which manner')→ participant referenceὅς: the relative ὃν agrees with τρόπον; the idiom ὃν τρόπον ('in the manner that / just as') is a fixed adverbial accusative of manner.
τρόπονmannerAccusativeaccusative of manner (with ὃν: 'in the way that')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'way / manner'; the phrase ὃν τρόπον renders Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר ('just as'); a standard LXX compliance-marker introducing the conformity of act to command.
συνέταξενcommanded / orderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of the comparative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the prior completed command)συντάσσω: 'arrange / order / command'; renders צִוָּה; the standard LXX verb for divine ordinance; the aorist refers back to the command of vv. 2–3, now fulfilled.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine commander whose order the census fulfills.
τῷtheDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of συνέταξεν (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the article τῷ supplies the dative; Moses is the mediator through whom the LORD's command came.
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπεσκέπησανthey were musteredAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (passive: the people were numbered)→ constative aorist passive (the completed muster)ἐπισκέπτομαι (aor. pass. ἐπεσκέπησαν): 'be mustered / numbered / reviewed'; the chapter's keyword (cf. ἐπισκέψασθε, v. 3) now in the passive, reporting that the census was duly carried out; the same passive recurs at v. 47 (negated) for the Levites.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρήμῳwildernessDativedative of place (locative: 'in the wilderness')→ sphere or referenceἔρημος: 'wilderness' (מִדְבָּר); the locative repeats v. 1, forming an inclusio around the muster-narrative.
τῇtheDativearticle (attributive, before the place-name)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣιναSinaiindeclinable place-name in apposition to ἐρήμῳ (the article τῇ supplies the case)→ noun-phrase markingΣινα: indeclinable (סִינַי); 'the wilderness of Sinai' closes the unit where it began (v. 1).
20

καὶ ἐγένοντο οἱ υἱοὶ Ρουβην πρωτοτόκου Ισραηλ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

And the sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Opening of the tribal-totals block (unit D); template-verse for Reubenκαὶ ἐγένοντο οἱ υἱοὶ Ρουβην
v. 20 opens the long tribal-totals section (vv. 20–43) with the fullest form of the census-frame, applied first to Reuben (πρωτοτόκου Ισραηλ, 'Israel's firstborn', honoring his birth-rank). The frame κατὰ συγγενείας … κατὰ δήμους … κατ᾽ οἴκους πατριῶν … κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων … κατὰ κεφαλήν recurs verbatim for each tribe; here it is fronted by ἐγένοντο, and the protasis runs on into the total of v. 21.
Word-by-word analysis· 36 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένοντοthere were / came to beAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · γίνομαιmain verb (existential: 'the sons of Reuben were [so many]')→ constative aorist (the resultant census-figure)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένοντο): 'come to be / be'; here existential-enumerative, introducing the tribal tally; the verb governs the long appositional frame that follows, with the actual number stated in v. 21.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (of ἐγένοντο: 'the sons of Reuben')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ρουβην ('the sons of Reuben') names the tribe whose military total is being reckoned.
ΡουβηνReubenindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation under υἱοὶ: 'sons of Reuben')→ participant identificationΡουβην: indeclinable (רְאוּבֵן); the first tribe counted, by virtue of being Jacob's firstborn.
πρωτοτόκουfirstbornGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ρουβην ('Reuben, firstborn of Israel')→ relational specificationπρωτότοκος: 'firstborn' (בְּכוֹר); the appositive πρωτοτόκου Ισραηλ honors Reuben's birth-rank even though leadership passed to Judah and the birthright-blessing to Joseph (Gen 49:3–4; 1 Chr 5:1).
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with πρωτοτόκου: 'firstborn of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the patriarch Jacob, whose firstborn was Reuben.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: the distributive 'by'; this κατά opens the fixed census-frame repeated for every tribe (vv. 20–42).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by their clans')→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan / kinship' (מִשְׁפָּחָה); the broadest sub-tribal unit in the frame.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with συγγενείας)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with συγγενείας).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by their divisions')→ object specificationδῆμος: 'people-division / district / commune'; renders מִשְׁפָּחָה in its sub-clan sense; the LXX adds κατὰ δήμους ('by divisions') to the frame of the tribal totals (it was absent from the command of v. 2), refining the genealogical taxonomy.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with δήμους)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δήμους).
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive: 'by houses')→ object specificationοἶκος: in οἴκους πατριῶν, the ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους: 'ancestral houses')→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת); the recurring genealogical formula.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατριῶν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πατριῶν).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by the number of names')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר); κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων, the individual name-count.
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with ὀνομάτων)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ὀνομάτων).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'head by head')→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive: 'head by head').
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by head')→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת); the individual poll-count.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with κεφαλὴν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with κεφαλὴν).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀρσενικὰ: 'all the males')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; neuter plural πάντα agreeing with ἀρσενικά; the inclusive scope of the male count.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification: 'all males')→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר); the neuter plural πάντα ἀρσενικά ('all males') is the fixed gender-scope of the tribal totals.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower bound of age-range)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower bound of age-range).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3); the military-age threshold applied to each tribe.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, the recurring formula 'everyone who goes out in the army' (cf. v. 3).
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion: 'the one able to go out in the army')→ characterizing present participle (one fit for military service)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out / march out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει renders יֹצֵא צָבָא ('fit for the army'), the qualifying criterion repeated for every tribe in the totals.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere: 'in the army')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere: 'in the army').
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere (with ἐκπορευόμενος: 'in the army')→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא); the articular ἐν τῇ δυνάμει ('in the army') closes the frame for each tribe.
21

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ρουβην ἓξ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Reuben: forty-six thousand five hundred.

Total-verse for Reuben (apodosis of the frame in v. 20)ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
The total-verse, repeated for each tribe in the fixed form ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς + tribe-name + figure. ἐπίσκεψις ('muster / census-total') is the noun cognate of ἐπισκέπτομαι. Reuben's figure: 46,500 (ἓξ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι, 'six and forty thousand and five hundred').
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (nominative absolute / heading: 'their muster-total')→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'mustering / numbering / census-total'; the cognate noun of ἐπισκέπτομαι (vv. 3, 19); renders פְּקֻדִּים ('those mustered'); it heads each tribal total as the reckoned sum of the tribe's fighting men.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἐπίσκεψις: 'their muster')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ἐπίσκεψις: 'their muster').
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the tribe of')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from / out of'; ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς + tribe-name marks the source-tribe of the reckoned total.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source: 'of the tribe')→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΡουβηνReubenindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς: 'tribe of Reuben')→ participant identificationΡουβην: indeclinable (רְאוּבֵן).
ἓξsixindeclinable cardinal numeral (with τεσσαράκοντα: 'forty-six')→ clausal contributionἕξ: 'six'; indeclinable cardinal; combined with τεσσαράκοντα and χιλιάδες it yields 46,000 (the Hebrew order 'six and forty thousand').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες: 'forty thousand')→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable cardinal; ἓξ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 46,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (the unit of the total: 'thousands')→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'a thousand / group of a thousand'; the substantive noun on which the cardinals operate; 'forty-six thousand' = ἓξ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added to the thousands: '+ 500')→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; declinable cardinal (nom. masc. pl.); the final component, giving Reuben's total of 46,500.
22

τοῖς υἱοῖς Συμεων κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Simeon, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Simeon (template repeated for each tribe)τοῖς υἱοῖς Συμεων
From here the frame is introduced by a dative of reference (τοῖς υἱοῖς + tribe, 'as for the sons of …') rather than the fronted ἐγένοντο of v. 20. The census-frame is otherwise identical; its apodosis is the total-verse (v. 23).
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference: 'as for the sons')→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry: 'for the sons of Simeon')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the dative τοῖς υἱοῖς ('as for the sons of …') heads each tribal frame from v. 22 onward.
ΣυμεωνSimeonindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς: 'sons of Simeon')→ participant identificationΣυμεων: indeclinable (שִׁמְעוֹן).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division / district' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification: 'all males')→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone who goes out in the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participle (one fit for military service)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere (with ἐκπορευόμενος)→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
23

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Συμεων ἐννέα καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τριακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Simeon: fifty-nine thousand three hundred.

Total-verse for Simeonἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Simeon's total: 59,300 (ἐννέα καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τριακόσιοι).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים); the cognate of ἐπισκέπτομαι.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ἐπίσκεψις).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΣυμεωνSimeonindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΣυμεων: indeclinable (שִׁמְעוֹן).
ἐννέαnineindeclinable cardinal numeral (with πεντήκοντα: 'fifty-nine')→ measure or countἐννέα: 'nine'; indeclinable; ἐννέα καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες = 59,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'fifty-nine thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριακόσιοιthree hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 300')→ participant prominenceτριακόσιοι: 'three hundred'; declinable cardinal; Simeon's total = 59,300.
24

τοῖς υἱοῖς Ιουδα κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Judah, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Judahτοῖς υἱοῖς Ιουδα
The standard census-frame applied to Judah; apodosis in v. 25.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; τοῖς υἱοῖς Ιουδα, 'as for the sons of Judah.'
ΙουδαJudahindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΙουδα: indeclinable (יְהוּדָה); the royal tribe, the most numerous in this census.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
25

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ιουδα τέσσαρες καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Judah: seventy-four thousand six hundred.

Total-verse for Judahἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Judah's total: 74,600 (τέσσαρες καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι) — the largest single tribe, fitting its leadership role and its position at the head of the marching order (Num 2:3, 9).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΙουδαJudahindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΙουδα: indeclinable (יְהוּדָה).
τέσσαρεςfourNominativecardinal numeral (with ἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy-four')→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; declinable cardinal; τέσσαρες καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες = 74,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'seventy-four thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 600')→ measure or countἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; declinable cardinal; Judah's total = 74,600.
26

τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισσαχαρ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Issachar, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Issacharτοῖς υἱοῖς Ισσαχαρ
The standard census-frame applied to Issachar; apodosis in v. 27.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισσαχαρ, 'as for the sons of Issachar.'
ΙσσαχαρIssacharindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: indeclinable (יִשָּׂשכָר).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
27

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ισσαχαρ τέσσαρες καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Issachar: fifty-four thousand four hundred.

Total-verse for Issacharἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Issachar's total: 54,400 (τέσσαρες καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΙσσαχαρIssacharindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: indeclinable (יִשָּׂשכָר).
τέσσαρεςfourNominativecardinal numeral (with πεντήκοντα: 'fifty-four')→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; τέσσαρες καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες = 54,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'fifty-four thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 400')→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; declinable cardinal; Issachar's total = 54,400.
28

τοῖς υἱοῖς Ζαβουλων κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Zebulun, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Zebulunτοῖς υἱοῖς Ζαβουλων
The standard census-frame applied to Zebulun; apodosis in v. 29.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: τοῖς υἱοῖς Ζαβουλων, 'as for the sons of Zebulun.'
ΖαβουλωνZebulunindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: indeclinable (זְבוּלֻן).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
29

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ζαβουλων ἑπτὰ καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Zebulun: fifty-seven thousand four hundred.

Total-verse for Zebulunἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Zebulun's total: 57,400 (ἑπτὰ καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΖαβουλωνZebulunindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: indeclinable (זְבוּלֻן).
ἑπτὰsevenindeclinable cardinal numeral (with πεντήκοντα: 'fifty-seven')→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable; ἑπτὰ καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες = 57,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'fifty-seven thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 400')→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; Zebulun's total = 57,400.
30

τοῖς υἱοῖς Ιωσηφ υἱοῖς Εφραιμ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Joseph — the sons of Ephraim — by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Ephraim (the first Joseph tribe)τοῖς υἱοῖς Ιωσηφ υἱοῖς Εφραιμ
The frame for the first Joseph-tribe; the doubled heading τοῖς υἱοῖς Ιωσηφ υἱοῖς Εφραιμ ('of the sons of Joseph, the sons of Ephraim') marks Ephraim as a Joseph-division (cf. v. 10). The census-frame is otherwise standard; apodosis in v. 31.
Word-by-word analysis· 34 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading: 'for the sons of Joseph')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; τοῖς υἱοῖς Ιωσηφ heads the Joseph block, subdivided into Ephraim (here) and Manasseh (v. 32).
ΙωσηφJosephindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΙωσηφ: indeclinable (יוֹסֵף); represented in the muster by his two sons' tribes.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative in apposition (specifying: 'the sons of Ephraim')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: the second υἱοῖς specifies the particular Joseph-division being counted — Ephraim.
ΕφραιμEphraimindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with the second υἱοῖς: 'sons of Ephraim')→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: indeclinable (אֶפְרַיִם); Joseph's younger son, counted first among the two Joseph tribes.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
31

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Εφραιμ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Ephraim: forty thousand five hundred.

Total-verse for Ephraimἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Ephraim's total: 40,500 (τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι); here the round 'forty thousand' has no added units-digit before χιλιάδες.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΕφραιμEphraimindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: indeclinable (אֶפְרַיִם).
τεσσαράκονταfortyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες: 'forty thousand')→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable; here a round figure, τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 40,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'forty thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 500')→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; Ephraim's total = 40,500.
32

τοῖς υἱοῖς Μανασση κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Manasseh, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Manasseh (the second Joseph tribe)τοῖς υἱοῖς Μανασση
The standard census-frame applied to Manasseh, the second Joseph-tribe; apodosis in v. 33.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: τοῖς υἱοῖς Μανασση, 'as for the sons of Manasseh.'
ΜανασσηManassehindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΜανασση: indeclinable (מְנַשֶּׁה); Joseph's elder son, the second Joseph-division.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
33

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Μανασση δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ διακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Manasseh: thirty-two thousand two hundred.

Total-verse for Manassehἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Manasseh's total: 32,200 (δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ διακόσιοι) — the smallest tribe in this first census.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΜανασσηManassehindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΜανασση: indeclinable (מְנַשֶּׁה).
δύοtwocardinal numeral (with τριάκοντα: 'thirty-two')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 32,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'thirty-two thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 200')→ participant prominenceδιακόσιοι: 'two hundred'; Manasseh's total = 32,200.
34

τοῖς υἱοῖς Βενιαμιν κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Benjamin, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Benjaminτοῖς υἱοῖς Βενιαμιν
The standard census-frame applied to Benjamin; apodosis in v. 35.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: τοῖς υἱοῖς Βενιαμιν, 'as for the sons of Benjamin.'
ΒενιαμινBenjaminindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: indeclinable (בִּנְיָמִין).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
35

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Βενιαμιν πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Benjamin: thirty-five thousand four hundred.

Total-verse for Benjaminἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Benjamin's total: 35,400 (πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι).
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΒενιαμινBenjaminindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: indeclinable (בִּנְיָמִין).
πέντεfiveindeclinable cardinal numeral (with τριάκοντα: 'thirty-five')→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; indeclinable; πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 35,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'thirty-five thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 400')→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; Benjamin's total = 35,400.
36

τοῖς υἱοῖς Γαδ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Gad, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Gadτοῖς υἱοῖς Γαδ
The standard census-frame applied to Gad; apodosis in v. 37.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: τοῖς υἱοῖς Γαδ, 'as for the sons of Gad.'
ΓαδGadindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΓαδ: indeclinable (גָּד); here placed between Benjamin and Dan, following the LXX's order which differs slightly from the MT tribal sequence.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
37

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Γαδ πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα

their muster, from the tribe of Gad: forty-five thousand six hundred and fifty.

Total-verse for Gadἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Gad's total: 45,650 (πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα) — the only tribal total with a tens-component (καὶ πεντήκοντα, '+ 50') beyond the hundreds.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΓαδGadindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΓαδ: indeclinable (גָּד).
πέντεfiveindeclinable cardinal numeral (with τεσσαράκοντα: 'forty-five')→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 45,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'forty-five thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 600')→ measure or countἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; the hundreds-component.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the tens)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyindeclinable cardinal numeral (added: '+ 50')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; the tens-component unique to Gad's total; Gad's total = 45,650.
38

τοῖς υἱοῖς Δαν κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Dan, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Danτοῖς υἱοῖς Δαν
The standard census-frame applied to Dan; apodosis in v. 39.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: τοῖς υἱοῖς Δαν, 'as for the sons of Dan.'
ΔανDanindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΔαν: indeclinable (דָּן); the second-most numerous tribe in this census.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
39

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Δαν δύο καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Dan: sixty-two thousand seven hundred.

Total-verse for Danἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Dan's total: 62,700 (δύο καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι) — second only to Judah among the tribes.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΔανDanindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΔαν: indeclinable (דָּן).
δύοtwocardinal numeral (with ἑξήκοντα: 'sixty-two')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; δύο καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες = 62,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'sixty-two thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακόσιοιseven hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 700')→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred'; Dan's total = 62,700.
40

τοῖς υἱοῖς Ασηρ κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Asher, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Asherτοῖς υἱοῖς Ασηρ
The standard census-frame applied to Asher; apodosis in v. 41.
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: τοῖς υἱοῖς Ασηρ, 'as for the sons of Asher.'
ΑσηρAsherindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΑσηρ: indeclinable (אָשֵׁר).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
41

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Ασηρ μία καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Asher: forty-one thousand five hundred.

Total-verse for Asherἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Asher's total: 41,500 (μία καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι); μία (fem.) agrees with the implied χιλιάς / χιλιάδες.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΑσηρAsherindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΑσηρ: indeclinable (אָשֵׁר).
μίαoneNominativecardinal numeral (with τεσσαράκοντα: 'forty-one')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine μία agrees with χιλιάδες; μία καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = 41,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'forty-one thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 500')→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; Asher's total = 41,500.
42

τοῖς υἱοῖς Νεφθαλι κατὰ συγγενείας αὐτῶν κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν κατὰ ἀριθμὸν ὀνομάτων αὐτῶν κατὰ κεφαλὴν αὐτῶν πάντα ἀρσενικὰ ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει

For the sons of Naphtali, by their kinships, by their districts, by the houses of their fathers, by the number of names, head by head — every male from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out in the army —

Frame-verse for Naphtali (last of the tribal totals)τοῖς υἱοῖς Νεφθαλι
The final census-frame, applied to Naphtali, the twelfth tribe counted; apodosis in v. 43, after which the grand total follows (vv. 44–46).
Word-by-word analysis· 32 words
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (dative of reference)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of reference (heading the tribe's entry)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: τοῖς υἱοῖς Νεφθαλι, 'as for the sons of Naphtali.'
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: indeclinable (נַפְתָּלִי).
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
συγγενείαςkinships / clansAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationσυγγένεια: 'clan' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
δήμουςdistricts / divisionsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'division' (מִשְׁפָּחָה).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατ᾿bypreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: ancestral-house unit (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: 'paternal family' (בֵּית אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number' (מִסְפָּר).
ὀνομάτωνof namesGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἀριθμὸν)→ relational specificationὄνομα: 'name' (שֵׁם).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
κεφαλὴνheadAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationκεφαλή: 'head' (גֻּלְגֹּלֶת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἀρσενικὰ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with ἀρσενικά.
ἀρσενικὰmalesAccusativesubstantivized adjective (specification)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male' (זָכָר).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone fit for the army.'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing out / fit for servicePres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out'; ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος ἐν τῇ δυνάμει = 'fit for the army' (יֹצֵא צָבָא).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere).
τῇtheDativearticle (with δυνάμει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμειarmy / hostDativedative of sphere→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
43

ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλι τρεῖς καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι

their muster, from the tribe of Naphtali: fifty-three thousand four hundred.

Total-verse for Naphtali (closing the tribal totals, unit D)ἡ ἐπίσκεψις αὐτῶν
Naphtali's total: 53,400 (τρεῖς καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι), completing the twelve tribal totals before the grand sum of vv. 44–46.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / census-totalNominativesubject (heading the total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census-total' (פְּקֻדִּים).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (source)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaliindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with φυλῆς)→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: indeclinable (נַפְתָּלִי).
τρεῖςthreeNominativecardinal numeral (with πεντήκοντα: 'fifty-three')→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; τρεῖς καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες = 53,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining numerals)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyindeclinable cardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'fifty-three thousand.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 400')→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; Naphtali's total = 53,400.
44

αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις ἣν ἐπεσκέψαντο Μωυσῆς καὶ Ααρων καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες Ισραηλ δώδεκα ἄνδρες ἀνὴρ εἷς κατὰ φυλὴν μίαν κατὰ φυλὴν οἴκων πατριᾶς ἦσαν

This is the muster which Moses and Aaron and the chiefs of Israel mustered — twelve men; there was one man for each tribe, by the tribe of the houses of his ancestry they were appointed.

Summary of the muster's agents (opening unit E)αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις
The summary-formula αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις ('this is the muster') gathers up the preceding tribal totals and credits the count to Moses, Aaron, and the twelve chiefs — ἀνὴρ εἷς κατὰ φυλὴν μίαν ('one man per tribe'), recalling vv. 4–16. The verbless apposition δώδεκα ἄνδρες emphasizes the twelve-fold representation; ἦσαν closes the verse.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject: 'this is the muster')→ participant referenceοὗτος: the anaphoric αὕτη (nom. sg. fem.) sums up the whole census just reported, agreeing with ἐπίσκεψις.
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / censusNominativepredicate nominative (equative: 'this is the muster')→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census / mustering' (פְּקֻדִּים); here the whole reckoning as a single completed act.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐπεσκέψαντο)→ participant referenceὅς: the relative ἣν (acc. sg. fem.) agrees with ἐπίσκεψις; cognate-accusative with the verb ἐπεσκέψαντο (figura etymologica: 'the muster they mustered').
ἐπεσκέψαντοthey musteredAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιverb of relative clause (the agents' act of mustering)→ constative aorist middle (completed census)ἐπισκέπτομαι (aor. mid. ἐπεσκέψαντο): 'muster / number'; the chapter's keyword, here crediting the completed census to Moses, Aaron, and the chiefs; cognate-accusative with ἐπίσκεψις.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (first of compound subject)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: nominative subject of ἐπεσκέψαντο, the principal agent of the muster.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the compound subject)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronindeclinable proper noun (second of compound subject)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable (אַהֲרֹן).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχοντες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςchiefsNominativesubject (third member of compound subject: 'the chiefs of Israel')→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'chief / leader' (נָשִׂיא); the twelve tribal chiefs (vv. 5–16) who assisted in the census.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with ἄρχοντες)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'the chiefs of Israel.'
δώδεκαtwelveindeclinable cardinal numeral (with ἄνδρες: 'twelve men')→ clausal contributionδώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable; the number of tribal chiefs, matching the twelve secular tribes.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativeappositive (to ἄρχοντες: 'twelve men')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ (nom. pl. ἄνδρες): 'man'; in apposition, specifying the twelve chiefs as 'twelve men.'
ἀνὴρa manNominativedistributive apposition ('one man [per tribe]')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; the distributive ἀνὴρ εἷς κατὰ φυλὴν μίαν renders אִישׁ אֶחָד לַמַּטֶּה ('one man for each tribe'), restating the one-per-tribe principle of v. 4.
εἷςoneNominativenumeral (with ἀνὴρ: 'one man')→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; emphasizes single representation — exactly one chief per tribe.
κατὰfor / bypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'per tribe')→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive: 'per tribe').
φυλὴνtribeAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'per tribe')→ object specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה).
μίανoneAccusativeattributive numeral (modifying φυλὴν: 'each single tribe')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; κατὰ φυλὴν μίαν, 'for each one tribe' — the distributive 'one tribe at a time.'
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive).
φυλὴνtribeAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by the tribe of …')→ object specificationφυλή: here 'tribe of the houses of ancestry,' qualifying each chief by his ancestral house (cf. v. 4 κατ᾽ οἴκους πατριῶν).
οἴκωνof housesGenitivegenitive of definition (with φυλὴν: 'tribe of the houses')→ relational specificationοἶκος: 'house' (בַּיִת); the genitive οἴκων πατριᾶς, 'of the houses of ancestry,' specifies the genealogical basis of each chief's representation.
πατριᾶςof ancestryGenitivegenitive of definition (with οἴκων: 'houses of ancestry')→ relational specificationπατριά: 'lineage / ancestry' (אָבוֹת); completes the formula 'the tribe of the houses of ancestry.'
ἦσανthey wereImpf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (closing the verse: 'they were [appointed]')→ stative imperfect (their settled appointment)εἰμί (impf. ἦσαν): 'they were'; clause-final in Hebraizing word-order, predicating the standing appointment of the one-man-per-tribe representation.
45

καὶ ἐγένετο πᾶσα ἡ ἐπίσκεψις υἱῶν Ισραηλ σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν ἀπὸ εἰκοσαετοῦς καὶ ἐπάνω πᾶς ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος παρατάξασθαι ἐν Ισραηλ

And the whole muster of the sons of Israel with their host, from twenty years old and upward, everyone who goes out to deploy for battle in Israel, came to be:

Grand-total frame (the apodosis is the figure in v. 46)καὶ ἐγένετο πᾶσα ἡ ἐπίσκεψις
The grand-total frame gathers all the tribal sums under πᾶσα ἡ ἐπίσκεψις ('the whole muster'); the eligibility-criterion is restated with a sharper military infinitive, ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος παρατάξασθαι ('the one who goes out to deploy for battle'). The actual figure follows as the verse-couplet's apodosis in v. 46.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοcame to be / wasAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (existential: 'the whole muster was [so much]')→ constative aorist (the total resultant figure)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): 'come to be / be'; existential-enumerative, introducing the grand total; singular agreeing with the collective ἡ ἐπίσκεψις.
πᾶσαall / wholeNominativeattributive adjective (modifying ἐπίσκεψις: 'the whole muster')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / whole'; πᾶσα ἡ ἐπίσκεψις, 'the entire census', summing all twelve tribal totals.
theNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςmuster / censusNominativesubject (of ἐγένετο)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'census / total' (פְּקֻדִּים); the grand sum of all the tribes' fighting men.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of identity (with ἐπίσκεψις: 'muster of the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; υἱῶν Ισραηλ, the whole people whose army is reckoned.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with their host')→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with'; σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν, 'by their armies' (cf. v. 3), the army-by-army reckoning.
δυνάμειhost / armyDativedative object of σύν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with δυνάμει)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δυνάμει).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (lower age-bound)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (lower age-bound).
εἰκοσαετοῦςtwenty years oldGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (substantivized)→ relational specificationεἰκοσαετής: 'twenty years old' (cf. v. 3).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπάνωupwardadverb (upper extension)→ clausal contributionἐπάνω: 'upward' (וָמָעְלָה).
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubstantivized adjective (subject of the participial qualification)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: with ὁ ἐκπορευόμενος, 'everyone who goes out [to deploy].'
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευόμενοςgoing outPres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (eligibility-criterion, governing the infinitive)→ characterizing present participleἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out / march out'; here completed by the purpose-infinitive παρατάξασθαι, sharpening the criterion from general military fitness to active deployment for battle.
παρατάξασθαιto deploy for battleAor Mid Inf · παρατάσσωcomplementary/purpose infinitive (with ἐκπορευόμενος: 'to go out to draw up in battle-line')→ aorist infinitive of purpose (to take the field)παρατάσσω (mid. παρατάξασθαι): 'draw up in battle-array / deploy for war'; renders עָרַךְ (מִלְחָמָה) / יֹצֵא צָבָא; the infinitive specifies the military purpose of 'going out' — to form the battle-line in Israel's host.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere: 'in Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (sphere: 'in Israel').
ΙσραηλIsraelindeclinable proper noun (object of ἐν: 'in Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the national host within which each man deploys.
46

ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες καὶ τρισχίλιοι καὶ πεντακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα

six hundred thousand and three thousand and five hundred and fifty.

Grand total of the muster (apodosis of v. 45)ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες
The climactic grand total: 603,550 (ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες = 600,000; καὶ τρισχίλιοι = + 3,000; καὶ πεντακόσιοι = + 500; καὶ πεντήκοντα = + 50). The figure matches the half-shekel census-total of Exod 38:26 and recurs at Num 2:32; it represents the fighting strength of the twelve secular tribes, exclusive of Levi.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἑξακόσιαιsix hundredNominativecardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες: 'six hundred thousand')→ participant prominenceἑξακόσιοι (fem. ἑξακόσιαι): 'six hundred'; agreeing with χιλιάδες; ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες = 600,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativepredicate nominative (unit of the grand total)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; 'six hundred thousand' is the base of the grand total.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the thousands)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρισχίλιοιthree thousandNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 3,000')→ participant prominenceτρισχίλιοι: 'three thousand'; a single compound cardinal; the second component of the grand total.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the hundreds)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativecardinal numeral (added: '+ 500')→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; the hundreds-component.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the tens)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyindeclinable cardinal numeral (added: '+ 50')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; the tens-component; grand total = 603,550 (cf. Exod 38:26; Num 2:32).
47

οἱ δὲ Λευῖται ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς πατριᾶς αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐπεσκέπησαν ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ

But the Levites, of the tribe of their ancestry, were not mustered among the sons of Israel.

Contrastive exception: Levi not numbered (opening unit F)οἱ δὲ Λευῖται
The adversative δέ sharply sets the Levites apart from the twelve mustered tribes: they οὐκ ἐπεσκέπησαν ('were not mustered'), the keyword ἐπισκέπτομαι now negated (contrast v. 19). This exemption — the theological pivot of the chapter — is grounded and developed by the fresh divine speech of vv. 48–54.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
οἱtheNominativearticle (with Λευῖται)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive: contrast with the counted tribes)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; here strongly adversative, marking the Levites as the exception to the universal muster of vv. 20–46.
ΛευῖταιLevitesNominativesubject (the tribe excepted from the count)→ participant prominenceΛευίτης: 'Levite'; renders לֵוִי / הַלְוִיִּם; the descendants of Levi, set apart for sacral service and therefore not enrolled in the military census.
ἐκof / frompreposition + genitive (origin: 'of the tribe of their ancestry')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from / of'; ἐκ τῆς φυλῆς πατριᾶς αὐτῶν, 'belonging to the tribe of their ancestral house.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (origin)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה); the tribe of Levi, considered as a distinct ancestral group.
πατριᾶςof ancestryGenitivegenitive of definition (with φυλῆς: 'tribe of their ancestry')→ relational specificationπατριά: 'lineage / ancestry' (אָבוֹת).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατριᾶς)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πατριᾶς).
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἐπεσκέπησαν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐκ before vowel): the negative that makes the verse the deliberate counterpoint to v. 19 ('they were mustered') — the Levites alone are excluded.
ἐπεσκέπησανwere musteredAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιmain verb (negated passive: 'were not numbered')→ constative aorist passive (the muster from which they were excluded)ἐπισκέπτομαι (aor. pass. ἐπεσκέπησαν): 'be mustered / numbered'; the keyword now negated — the Levites were not enrolled in the military census, anticipating their separate appointment in vv. 50–53.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (association: 'among the sons of Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: 'in / among'; ἐν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ, 'in the [count of the] sons of Israel.'
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative object of ἐν (association: 'among the sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the other tribes, with whom Levi is not numbered.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
48

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying:

New divine speech-act (grounding the Levite exemption)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων
The speech-formula of v. 1 recurs in full, opening a fresh oracular unit that explains and regulates the exemption announced in v. 47: Levi is not to be numbered but assigned to the tabernacle.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak' (דִּבֶּר, Piel); the recurring frame καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων opens a new divine instruction (cf. v. 1).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine speaker.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς (acc. Μωυσῆν): the recipient of the divine instruction concerning Levi.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωparticiple of speech (introducing direct discourse)→ circumstantial present participle (Hebraizing complementizer)λέγω: the participle λέγων renders לֵאמֹר, cuing the direct command of vv. 49–53.
49

ὅρα τὴν φυλὴν τὴν Λευι οὐ συνεπισκέψῃ καὶ τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν οὐ λήμψῃ ἐν μέσῳ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ

See to it: the tribe of Levi you shall not muster, and you shall not take their number in the midst of the sons of Israel.

Prohibition: Levi is not to be numberedὅρα τὴν φυλὴν τὴν Λευι
The imperative ὅρα ('see / take care') heads an emphatic double prohibition (οὐ συνεπισκέψῃ … οὐ λήμψῃ) forbidding Moses to enroll Levi in the military census. The verb συνεπισκέπτομαι ('muster together with') and the idiom λαμβάνειν τὸν ἀριθμόν ('take the number', cf. λάβετε ἀρχήν, v. 2) explicitly exclude Levi from the count of vv. 2–46.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅραsee / take carePres Act Impv 2 Sg · ὁράωmain verb (attention-imperative heading the prohibition)→ present imperative (heed this charge)ὁράω (impv. ὅρα): 'see / look / take heed'; renders רְאֵה; an attention-marker introducing a solemn command — 'see to it that …' — heightening the importance of the Levite exemption.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with φυλὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλὴνtribeAccusativedirect object (fronted: 'the tribe of Levi')→ object specificationφυλή: 'tribe' (מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט); the fronted object emphasizes which tribe is in view — Levi.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with the name Levi)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευιLeviindeclinable proper noun in apposition to φυλὴν (the article τὴν supplies the case)→ noun-phrase markingΛευι: transliteration of Hebrew לֵוִי; indeclinable; the doubled article τὴν φυλὴν τὴν Λευι renders the Hebrew construct 'the tribe of Levi.'
οὐnotnegative particle (negating συνεπισκέψῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the negative; οὐ + future indicative (συνεπισκέψῃ) functions as an emphatic prohibition (Hebraizing 'you shall not').
συνεπισκέψῃyou shall muster (together)Fut Mid Indic 2 Sg · συνεπισκέπτομαιmain verb (prohibitive future: 'you shall not muster')→ prohibitive future (binding command)συνεπισκέπτομαι: 'muster along with / number together'; the compound συν- stresses 'together with [the others]' — Levi is not to be reviewed alongside the twelve tribes; the negated future has imperatival force.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two prohibitions)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀριθμὸν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativedirect object of λήμψῃ (fronted: 'their number')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number / count' (מִסְפָּר); the idiom λαμβάνειν τὸν ἀριθμόν ('take the number') echoes the census-command λάβετε ἀρχήν (v. 2), now negated for Levi.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἀριθμὸν: 'their number')→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with ἀριθμὸν: 'their number').
οὐnotnegative particle (negating λήμψῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the second negative, reinforcing the prohibition in parallel.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (prohibitive future: 'you shall not take')→ prohibitive future (binding command)λαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψῃ): 'take / receive'; with τὸν ἀριθμόν, 'take the count of'; the negated future prohibits enrolling Levi's number among Israel's fighting men.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative idiom: 'in the midst of')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: in the idiom ἐν μέσῳ ('in the midst of').
μέσῳmidstDativedative (locative idiom with ἐν: 'in the midst of')→ sphere or referenceμέσος: 'middle / midst'; ἐν μέσῳ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ renders בְּתוֹךְ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ('among the sons of Israel'); Levi is not to be reckoned within the count of the other tribes.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (with μέσῳ: 'the midst of the sons')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the other tribes, among whom Levi is not numbered.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
50

καὶ σὺ ἐπίστησον τοὺς Λευίτας ἐπὶ τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῇ αὐτοὶ ἀροῦσιν τὴν σκηνὴν καὶ πάντα τὰ σκεύη αὐτῆς καὶ αὐτοὶ λειτουργήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ κύκλῳ τῆς σκηνῆς παρεμβαλοῦσιν

But you, set the Levites over the tent of testimony and over all its furnishings and over everything that is in it; they shall carry the tent and all its furnishings, and they shall minister in it, and they shall encamp around the tent.

Positive counterpart: Levi's appointment over the tabernacleκαὶ σὺ ἐπίστησον τοὺς Λευίτας
The emphatic σύ (contrasting with the people just counted) and the imperative ἐπίστησον ('set / appoint over') give Levi a positive charge in place of military enrollment: oversight of the σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου and all its σκεύη. Three future verbs define their threefold duty — ἀροῦσιν (carry), λειτουργήσουσιν (minister), παρεμβαλοῦσιν (encamp around) — introducing the camp-vocabulary (παρεμβάλλω) that dominates vv. 50–53.
Word-by-word analysis· 42 words
καὶand / butconjunction (mildly adversative with the emphatic σύ)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun: 'you, for your part')→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic nominative contrasts Moses' positive task (appointing Levi) with the prohibition of v. 49 — instead of numbering them, he is to assign them.
ἐπίστησονset / appoint overAor Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐφίστημιmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (make the appointment)ἐφίστημι (aor. impv. ἐπίστησον): 'set over / appoint / put in charge'; renders הַפְקֵד; the transitive 'set the Levites over' assigns them custodial authority over the sanctuary — a wordplay-counterpoint to the census-root פקד / ἐπισκέπτομαι.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with Λευίτας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταςLevitesAccusativedirect object of ἐπίστησον→ object specificationΛευίτης: 'Levite' (הַלְוִיִּם); those appointed to the sanctuary in lieu of military service.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (oversight: 'over the tent')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'over / in charge of'; ἐπίστησον … ἐπὶ τὴν σκηνήν, 'set them over the tabernacle.'
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκηνὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtent / tabernacleAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (the object of their charge)→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle' (מִשְׁכָּן / אֹהֶל); the σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, the central object of Levitical care.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of relationship (defining σκηνὴν: 'tent of testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony' (עֵדוּת); the tent housing the covenant-testimony (cf. v. 1).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (oversight, extended to the furnishings)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (oversight, extended to the furnishings).
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; neuter plural with σκεύη — 'all its furnishings.'
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηfurnishings / vesselsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπὶ (extending the charge)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement / furnishing' (כֵּלִים); the sacred equipment of the tabernacle entrusted to Levitical care and transport.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with σκεύη: 'its furnishings')→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with σκεύη: 'its furnishings').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶoverpreposition + accusative (oversight, extended further)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (oversight, extended further).
πάνταeverythingAccusativesubstantivized adjective (object of ἐπὶ: 'over everything')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / everything'; the comprehensive ἐπὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐστὶν ἐν αὐτῇ leaves nothing in the tent outside Levitical custody.
ὅσαwhateverNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστὶν: 'as much as is in it')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the relative ὅσα (neut. pl.) generalizes — 'everything whatsoever that is in it.'
ἐστὶνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίverb of relative clause (existential: 'whatever is in it')→ stative presentεἰμί (pres. ἐστίν): 'is / exists'; with ὅσα, 'all that is in it.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (locative: 'in it [the tent]')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the dative αὐτῇ refers to the σκηνή.
αὐτοὶtheyNominativesubject (emphatic: 'they themselves shall carry')→ participant prominenceαὐτός: the emphatic nominative αὐτοί stresses that the Levites, and they alone, perform these sacral duties.
ἀροῦσινshall carryFut Act Indic 3 Pl · αἴρωmain verb (first Levitical duty: transport)→ predictive/prescriptive future (their appointed task)αἴρω (fut. ἀροῦσιν): 'lift / carry / bear'; renders נָשָׂא; the Levites' duty to transport the dismantled tabernacle on the march (developed in Num 3–4).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκηνὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativedirect object of ἀροῦσιν→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tabernacle'; the object the Levites carry.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeattributive adjective (with σκεύη)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; with σκεύη.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηfurnishingsAccusativedirect object of ἀροῦσιν (second object: 'and all its furnishings')→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'furnishings / vessels' (כֵּלִים).
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with σκεύη)→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with σκεύη).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αὐτοὶtheyNominativesubject (emphatic: 'they shall minister')→ participant prominenceαὐτός: the repeated emphatic αὐτοί again stresses exclusive Levitical agency.
λειτουργήσουσινshall ministerFut Act Indic 3 Pl · λειτουργέωmain verb (second Levitical duty: ministry)→ predictive/prescriptive futureλειτουργέω: 'serve / minister (in sacral/public service)'; renders שֵׁרֵת; the Levites' liturgical service at the tabernacle; the source of English 'liturgy' and a key LXX cultic term.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in it')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in it').
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (locative: 'in it [the tent]')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: refers to the σκηνή — the locus of their ministry.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κύκλῳaroundDativeadverbial dative (with genitive: 'around the tent')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος (dat. κύκλῳ): 'in a circle / around'; the adverbial dative κύκλῳ + genitive renders סָבִיב ('round about'); the Levites form a protective cordon around the sanctuary.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (with κύκλῳ: 'around the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tabernacle'; the center around which the Levites encamp.
παρεμβαλοῦσινshall encampFut Act Indic 3 Pl · παρεμβάλλωmain verb (third Levitical duty: encampment)→ predictive/prescriptive futureπαρεμβάλλω: 'encamp / pitch camp'; renders חָנָה; with its cognate noun παρεμβολή ('camp'), the central military-camp term of the chapter's close; the Levites encamp immediately around the tabernacle as its guard.
51

καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐξαίρειν τὴν σκηνὴν καθελοῦσιν αὐτὴν οἱ Λευῖται καὶ ἐν τῷ παρεμβάλλειν τὴν σκηνὴν ἀναστήσουσιν καὶ ὁ ἀλλογενὴς ὁ προσπορευόμενος ἀποθανέτω

And when the tent sets out, the Levites shall take it down; and when the tent encamps, they shall set it up; and the outsider who approaches shall die.

Regulation of Levitical transport-duty, with sanctionκαὶ ἐν τῷ ἐξαίρειν τὴν σκηνὴν
Two articular-infinitive temporal clauses (ἐν τῷ ἐξαίρειν … ἐν τῷ παρεμβάλλειν, 'when it sets out / when it encamps') frame the Levites' exclusive responsibility to strike and pitch the tabernacle (καθελοῦσιν … ἀναστήσουσιν). The verse closes with a capital sanction: the ἀλλογενής ('outsider, non-Levite') who προσπορευόμενος ('draws near') is to die (ἀποθανέτω) — protecting the sanctity of the tent.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνwhen / inpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'when …')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive: the temporal idiom ἐν τῷ + infinitive ('when / while') renders the Hebrew בְּ + infinitive construct; here 'when the tent sets out.'
τῷtheDativearticle (with the infinitive ἐξαίρειν)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξαίρεινto set out / break campPres Act Inf · ἐξαίρωarticular infinitive (temporal clause: 'when [the tent] sets out')→ present infinitive (the act of decamping)ἐξαίρω: 'lift up / remove / set out (on a journey)'; renders נָסַע ('pull up stakes / journey'); ἐν τῷ ἐξαίρειν, 'when the camp moves on'; the subject τὴν σκηνήν stands as accusative of the infinitive.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκηνὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive ἐξαίρειν ('when the tent sets out')→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tabernacle'; here the subject of the infinitive — the tent 'setting out' is shorthand for the whole camp's departure.
καθελοῦσινshall take downFut Act Indic 3 Pl · καθαιρέωmain verb (Levitical duty: dismantling)→ predictive/prescriptive futureκαθαιρέω (fut. καθελοῦσιν): 'take down / dismantle / pull down'; renders הוֹרִיד / פָּרַק; the Levites strike (dismantle) the tabernacle when the camp moves.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object of καθελοῦσιν (the tent)→ participant referenceαὐτός: refers to the σκηνή.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with Λευῖται)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesNominativesubject of καθελοῦσιν (and the following verbs)→ participant prominenceΛευίτης: 'Levite'; the exclusive agents of striking and pitching the tent.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two temporal clauses)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνwhen / inpreposition + articular infinitive (temporal: 'when …')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + articular infinitive: 'when the tent encamps.'
τῷtheDativearticle (with the infinitive παρεμβάλλειν)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλεινto encamp / pitch campPres Act Inf · παρεμβάλλωarticular infinitive (temporal clause: 'when [the tent] encamps')→ present infinitive (the act of pitching camp)παρεμβάλλω: 'encamp / pitch camp' (חָנָה); ἐν τῷ παρεμβάλλειν, 'when [the camp] halts and pitches'; the antithesis of ἐξαίρειν ('set out').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκηνὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive παρεμβάλλειν→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tabernacle'; subject of the infinitive — 'when the tent encamps.'
ἀναστήσουσινshall set upFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀνίστημιmain verb (Levitical duty: erecting)→ predictive/prescriptive futureἀνίστημι (fut. ἀναστήσουσιν): 'raise up / set up / erect'; renders הֵקִים; the Levites pitch (erect) the tabernacle when the camp halts — the complement of καθελοῦσιν ('take down').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the sanction)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with ἀλλογενὴς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλογενὴςoutsider / foreignerNominativesubject (of ἀποθανέτω: 'the outsider … shall die')→ participant prominenceἀλλογενής: 'of another race / outsider'; renders זָר ('stranger / non-priest, non-Levite'); here any non-Levite who intrudes upon the sacral sphere; the same term marks the excluded foreigner in cultic contexts (cf. Exod 29:33; Num 3:10).
the (who)Nominativearticle (substantivizing the following participle)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσπορευόμενοςapproaching / drawing nearPres Mid Part Nom Sg Masc · προσπορεύομαιattributive participle (modifying ἀλλογενὴς: 'who draws near')→ characterizing present participle (one who encroaches)προσπορεύομαι: 'approach / draw near'; renders קָרֵב; the participle ὁ προσπορευόμενος defines the capital offense — the non-Levite who encroaches on the tabernacle; cf. the same prohibition at Num 3:10, 38; 18:7.
ἀποθανέτωlet him die / shall dieAor Act Impv 3 Sg · ἀποθνῄσκωmain verb (third-person imperative: capital sanction)→ aorist imperative (binding legal sanction: he is to be put to death)ἀποθνῄσκω (aor. impv. ἀποθανέτω): 'die'; renders יוּמָת ('he shall be put to death'); the third-person imperative is the LXX's standard formula for a capital statute, guarding the holiness of the sanctuary against lay intrusion.
52

καὶ παρεμβαλοῦσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἀνὴρ ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ τάξει καὶ ἀνὴρ κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἡγεμονίαν σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν

And the sons of Israel shall encamp, each man in his own rank and each man according to his own command, by their armies.

Encampment-order for the lay tribesκαὶ παρεμβαλοῦσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ
The lay tribes' encampment is ordered by the same camp-verb παρεμβαλοῦσιν: each man (ἀνήρ … ἀνήρ, distributive) in his assigned τάξις ('rank') and ἡγεμονία ('command-division'), σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν ('by their armies') — anticipating the detailed camp-arrangement of Num 2. The lay tribes encamp by standards at a distance, while Levi (v. 53) encamps immediately around the tent.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεμβαλοῦσινshall encampFut Act Indic 3 Pl · παρεμβάλλωmain verb (encampment of the lay tribes)→ predictive/prescriptive futureπαρεμβάλλω: 'encamp / pitch camp' (חָנָה); here governing the lay tribes, who camp by their standards; the same verb governs Levi in v. 53, distinguishing inner (Levitical) from outer (tribal) encampment.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (of παρεμβαλοῦσιν: 'the sons of Israel')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the lay tribes of Israel, as distinct from Levi.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοὶ)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
ἀνὴρeach manNominativedistributive apposition (to υἱοὶ: 'each man in his own rank')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; the distributive ἀνήρ … ἀνήρ ('each man … each man') renders the Hebrew distributive אִישׁ … אִישׁ; every individual camps in his appointed place.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in his rank')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in his rank').
τῇtheDativearticle (with τάξει)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownGenitivereflexive possessive (with τάξει: 'his own rank')→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: reflexive 'his own'; emphasizes the fixed, assigned position of each man within the camp-order.
τάξειrank / orderDativedative of place (locative: 'in his rank')→ sphere or referenceτάξις: 'order / rank / division'; renders דֶּגֶל ('standard / camp-division') or מַחֲנֶה; each man's appointed station in the ordered camp.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the parallel distributive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὴρeach manNominativedistributive apposition (parallel: 'each man according to his command')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: the second distributive ἀνήρ, parallel to the first, now correlated with ἡγεμονία ('command').
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'according to his command')→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive: 'according to his command').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἡγεμονίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownGenitivereflexive possessive (with ἡγεμονίαν: 'his own command')→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: reflexive 'his own'; each man under his own command-division.
ἡγεμονίανcommand / leadership-divisionAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by his command')→ object specificationἡγεμονία: 'leadership / command / governing-division'; renders דֶּגֶל / מַחֲנֶה in the sense of the standard-division under which each man musters; the camp is organized by command-units led by the tribal chiefs.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'by their armies')→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with'; σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν, 'by their armies' (cf. vv. 3, 45), the army-by-army camp-order.
δυνάμειhost / armyDativedative object of σύν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'host / army' (צָבָא).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with δυνάμει)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δυνάμει).
53

οἱ δὲ Λευῖται παρεμβαλέτωσαν ἐναντίον κυρίου κύκλῳ τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἁμάρτημα ἐν υἱοῖς Ισραηλ καὶ φυλάξουσιν οἱ Λευῖται αὐτοὶ τὴν φυλακὴν τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου

But the Levites shall encamp before the LORD, around the tent of testimony; and there shall be no wrath among the sons of Israel; and the Levites themselves shall keep the guard of the tent of testimony.

Contrastive encampment-order for Levi, with its rationaleοἱ δὲ Λευῖται παρεμβαλέτωσαν
The adversative δέ again sets Levi apart: they encamp ἐναντίον κυρίου ('before the LORD'), κύκλῳ τῆς σκηνῆς ('around the tent'), as an inner cordon. The purpose is theological: οὐκ ἔσται ἁμάρτημα ('there shall be no wrath/guilt') upon Israel — the Levitical buffer shields the people from the lethal holiness of the sanctuary. The figura etymologica φυλάξουσιν … τὴν φυλακήν ('they shall guard the guard') defines their custodial office.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
οἱtheNominativearticle (with Λευῖται)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive: contrast with the lay tribes)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; here adversative, marking Levi's distinctive inner encampment over against the lay tribes of v. 52.
ΛευῖταιLevitesNominativesubject (of παρεμβαλέτωσαν)→ participant prominenceΛευίτης: 'Levite'; the consecrated tribe encamping around the sanctuary.
παρεμβαλέτωσανlet them encampAor Act Impv 3 Pl · παρεμβάλλωmain verb (third-person imperative: encampment command)→ aorist imperative (binding command for Levi's position)παρεμβάλλω (aor. impv. παρεμβαλέτωσαν): 'encamp'; the third-person imperative gives a binding directive for the Levites' encampment immediately around the tent.
ἐναντίονbefore / in the presence ofpreposition + genitive (position: 'before the LORD')→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: 'before / in the presence of'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי; the Levites encamp in the immediate presence of YHWH, in the sacred zone closest to the tent.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἐναντίον (the LORD before whom they encamp)→ relational specificationκύριος (gen. κυρίου): rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine presence dwelling in the tent of testimony, around which Levi camps.
κύκλῳaroundDativeadverbial dative (with genitive: 'around the tent')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος (dat. κύκλῳ): 'around' (סָבִיב); the Levites form a circle of encampment about the sanctuary (cf. v. 50).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (with κύκλῳ: 'around the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tabernacle' (מִשְׁכָּן / אֹהֶל).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of relationship (defining σκηνῆς: 'tent of testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony' (עֵדוּת); the σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, the sanctuary at the camp's center.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the purpose-result)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἔσται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐκ before vowel): the negative; 'there shall be no wrath.'
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (result clause: 'there shall be no wrath')→ predictive future (the consequence of the Levitical cordon)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'shall be'; with οὐκ … ἁμάρτημα, the assurance that the Levitical guard prevents divine wrath from falling on the congregation.
ἁμάρτημαwrath / guilt / sinNominativesubject (of ἔσται: 'no wrath/guilt')→ participant prominenceἁμάρτημα: 'sin / offense'; here by metonymy the divine wrath consequent on cultic transgression; renders קֶצֶף ('wrath') in the parallel Num 1:53 / 8:19 context — the Levitical buffer averts the lethal outbreak of holiness against lay encroachment.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (association: 'among the sons of Israel')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (association: 'among the sons of Israel').
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative object of ἐν (association: 'among the sons')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the congregation protected by the Levitical cordon.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάξουσινshall keep / guardFut Act Indic 3 Pl · φυλάσσωmain verb (Levitical duty: guarding)→ predictive/prescriptive futureφυλάσσω (fut. φυλάξουσιν): 'guard / keep watch / observe'; renders שָׁמַר; with its cognate object φυλακήν it forms a figura etymologica ('guard the guard'), the technical designation of the Levitical watch-duty (מִשְׁמֶרֶת) over the sanctuary.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with Λευῖται)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευῖταιLevitesNominativesubject (of φυλάξουσιν)→ participant prominenceΛευίτης: 'Levite'; the appointed guardians of the tabernacle.
αὐτοὶthemselvesNominativeintensive pronoun (in apposition to Λευῖται: 'they themselves')→ participant referenceαὐτός: the intensive αὐτοί stresses that the guard-duty belongs exclusively to the Levites.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with φυλακὴν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακὴνguard / watch / chargeAccusativecognate accusative (with φυλάξουσιν: 'guard the guard')→ object specificationφυλακή: 'guard / watch / charge'; renders מִשְׁמֶרֶת ('duty / watch'); the cognate accusative φυλάξουσιν τὴν φυλακήν denotes the standing custodial obligation of the Levites over the sanctuary.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive of relationship (with φυλακὴν: 'guard of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tabernacle'; the object of their guard-duty.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουtestimonyGenitivegenitive of relationship (defining σκηνῆς: 'tent of testimony')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony' (עֵדוּת); the closing repetition σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου seals the Levitical charge over the covenant-sanctuary.
54

καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ κατὰ πάντα ἃ ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ καὶ Ααρων οὕτως ἐποίησαν

And the sons of Israel did according to all that the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron; so they did.

Compliance-formula closing the chapter (and unit F)καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ
The chapter ends with the full obedience-formula κατὰ πάντα ἃ ἐνετείλατο κύριος … οὕτως ἐποίησαν ('according to all that the LORD commanded … so they did'), the bracketing verb ἐποίησαν repeated for emphasis (inclusio). The note of exact compliance — characteristic of the tabernacle and Sinai narratives (cf. Exod 39:32; 40:16) — affirms that the census and the Levitical appointment were carried out precisely as ordained.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (the people's obedient action)→ constative aorist (completed compliance)ποιέω (aor. ἐποίησαν): 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the verb of the compliance-formula, repeated at the verse's end to bracket the statement (inclusio).
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοὶ)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject (of ἐποίησαν: 'the sons of Israel')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the whole people, who carry out the divine commands of the chapter.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive relation with υἱοὶ)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm: 'according to all that')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; κατὰ πάντα ἃ ἐνετείλατο, 'according to all that he commanded' — the measure of their obedience.
πάνταallAccusativesubstantivized adjective (object of κατά: 'all [that]')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the totality of the divine commands fulfilled without exception.
that / whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐνετείλατο: 'which he commanded')→ participant referenceὅς: the relative ἃ (acc. pl. neut.) refers to πάντα — 'all the things which the LORD commanded.'
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the prior completed command)ἐντέλλομαι (aor. ἐνετείλατο): 'command / enjoin'; renders צִוָּה; the standard LXX verb for divine charge; refers back to the commands of vv. 2–3, 49–53.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine commander whose word is fulfilled.
τῷtheDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of ἐνετείλατο (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the mediator of the commands.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining Μωυσῇ and Ααρων)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronindeclinable proper noun (second recipient, coordinate with Μωυσῇ)→ participant identificationΑαρων: indeclinable (אַהֲרֹן); co-recipient with Moses of the divine command, fittingly closing the chapter that opened with the two of them charged jointly (v. 3).
οὕτωςso / thusadverb of manner (resumptive: 'so they did')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / so'; renders כֵּן; the resumptive 'so' before the repeated ἐποίησαν stamps the action as exactly conforming to the command.
ἐποίησανthey didAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (resumptive, closing the chapter: 'so they did')→ constative aorist (emphatic resumptive of compliance)ποιέω (aor. ἐποίησαν): the repeated ἐποίησαν forms an inclusio (καὶ ἐποίησαν … οὕτως ἐποίησαν), a Hebraizing resumptive that emphatically seals Israel's exact obedience and closes the chapter.