1
καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ Ααρων λέγων
And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying:
The formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν (καὶ Ααρων) λέγων is the standard LXX introduction to legislative YHWH-speech in Numbers; the inclusion of Aaron alongside Moses (as in Num 2:1; 4:1) marks ordinances touching the tabernacle and its surrounding camp, where Aaron's priestly oversight is in view. The καί-parataxis links the camp-ordinance directly to the census of chapter 1.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the paratactic καί renders the Hebrew waw-consecutive ויּדבר; it chains the camp-ordinance to the preceding census without subordination, a hallmark of LXX narrative style.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel of דבר); the aorist ἐλάλησεν introduces direct divine legislation; the formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος recurs at the head of every new ordinance-unit throughout Numbers (cf. 1:1; 3:5; 4:1).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject marks this as unmediated divine speech, the legislative authority behind the entire camp-arrangement.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (primary recipient of the command)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first/third-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, acc. Μωυσῆν, dat. Μωυσῇ); accusative here as the directional object of πρός.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two addressees)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΑαρωνAaronsecond object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of Hebrew אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable in the LXX; his inclusion alongside Moses marks ordinances bearing on the tabernacle and the priestly oversight of the camp, distinguishing them from purely Mosaic civil legislation.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (Hebraizing speech-marker introducing direct discourse)→ redundant participle (calque of Hebrew לֵאמֹר)λέγω (pres. part.): the nominative participle λέγων renders the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר ('saying'), a fixed LXX formula introducing the actual words of a command; functionally a quotation-marker rather than an independent action.
2
ἄνθρωπος ἐχόμενος αὐτοῦ κατὰ τάγμα κατὰ σημέας κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν παρεμβαλέτωσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ἐναντίοι κύκλῳ τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου παρεμβαλοῦσιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ
A man next to his own, by division, by ensigns, according to their ancestral houses, let the sons of Israel encamp; facing it, round about the tent of meeting shall the sons of Israel encamp.
v.2 lays down the organizing principle of the whole chapter: each Israelite encamps in fixed relation — 'a man next to his own' (ἄνθρωπος ἐχόμενος αὐτοῦ) — under three nested categories: τάγμα (division), σημέα (ensign), and οἶκος πατριῶν (ancestral house). The orientation is centripetal: ἐναντίοι κύκλωῳ τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου — facing the tent of meeting from all sides. The doubling of παρεμβαλέτωσαν … παρεμβαλοῦσιν (imperative then future) frames the command emphatically.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἄνθρωποςa manNominativenominative (distributive: 'each man')→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man / person'; here distributive, rendering Hebrew אִישׁ in the sense 'each one'; the singular individualizes the command before the collective subject οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ resumes it.
ἐχόμενοςnext to / adjoiningPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic spatial: 'holding next to')→ stative present participle (settled position)ἔχω (mid. part. ἐχόμενος): the middle ὁ ἐχόμενος is a fixed LXX idiom meaning 'the one next / adjoining / nearest,' rendering Hebrew עַל יָד / סָמוּךְ ('beside, next to'); it recurs throughout this chapter (vv. 5, 7, 12, 14, etc.) for the tribes encamped adjacent to one another.
αὐτοῦhis ownGenitivegenitive with ἐχόμενος (object of the spatial idiom: 'next to his own')→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive αὐτοῦ completes the idiom ἐχόμενος αὐτοῦ ('next to his own [standard / kin]'); each man keeps his assigned place relative to his ancestral grouping.
κατὰby / according topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by division')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by / according to'; here organizing the encampment 'by division (τάγμα),' the first of three nested categories.
τάγμαdivision / rankAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by division')→ object specificationτάγμα: 'that which has been arranged in order; division / rank / fixed company'; from τάσσω ('arrange, appoint'); a military-administrative term for an ordered body of troops. The same word frames Paul's ordered resurrection sequence at 1 Cor 15:23 (ἕκαστος ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ τάγματι); here it denotes each of the four great tribal camps.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by ensigns')→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive: 'by ensigns').
σημέαςensigns / standardsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: 'by ensigns')→ object specificationσημέα (= σημαία): 'standard / military ensign / signal-flag'; renders Hebrew אֹת ('sign / standard') and is cognate with σημασία; each ancestral house rallies under its own visible ensign, the second nested category of the camp's organization.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel)→ spatial or relational framingκατ᾿: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (distributive, elided before vowel).
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive: 'by houses')→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / household'; the phrase κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν ('by ancestral houses') renders לְבֵית אֲבֹתָם, the standard census-unit of Numbers, the third and most basic nested category of the camp.
πατριῶνof ancestral familiesGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους: 'houses of ancestral lines')→ relational specificationπατριά: 'lineage / ancestral family / paternal house'; renders אָב in the census sense; the genitive πατριῶν specifies the οἶκοι as patrilineal descent-groups, the building-blocks of Israel's tribal order.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατριῶν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πατριῶν).
παρεμβαλέτωσανlet them encampAor Act Impv 3 Pl · παρεμβάλλωmain verb (third-person imperative: divine command)→ ingressive aorist imperative (take up the assigned encampment)παρεμβάλλω: 'encamp / pitch camp / draw up in array'; the military-technical verb (lit. 'throw in alongside'), rendering חָנָה ('encamp'); its cognate noun παρεμβολή ('camp / army') dominates the chapter. The third-person imperative issues the command to the whole congregation.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of παρεμβαλέτωσαν→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the phrase οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') renders בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the standard designation of the covenant nation as the twelve-tribe descendants of Jacob/Israel.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here the patronymic genitive defining the people as a whole.
ἐναντίοιfacing / oppositeNominativepredicate adjective (orientation of the camp: 'facing toward')→ participant prominenceἐναντίος: 'opposite / facing / over against'; the nominative plural describes the tribes as oriented toward the sanctuary from a distance; renders מִנֶּגֶד ('at a distance, over against'), so that the whole camp faces inward toward the tent.
κύκλῳround aboutadverb (dative of κύκλος used adverbially: 'in a circle around')→ clausal contributionκύκλῳ: 'round about / in a circle'; adverbial dative of κύκλος; renders סָבִיב; together with ἐναντίοι it specifies the centripetal geometry — the twelve tribes surround the tent on all four sides.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtentGenitivegenitive (with κύκλῳ: 'around the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; renders אֹהֶל / מִשְׁכָּן; the phrase ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('the tent of meeting / of witness') is the LXX's standard name for the portable sanctuary, the fixed center of the camp.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof meeting / of witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνῆς: 'tent of witness')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; the LXX renders Hebrew אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד ('tent of meeting') with σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness'), reading מוֹעֵד ('appointed meeting') in light of עֵדוּת ('testimony') — the tablets of the covenant kept within; the sanctuary is the place of divine witness and encounter.
παρεμβαλοῦσινshall encampFut Act Indic 3 Pl · παρεμβάλλωmain verb (future restating the command emphatically)→ imperatival future (binding instruction)παρεμβάλλω (fut.): the future παρεμβαλοῦσιν resumes and reinforces the preceding imperative παρεμβαλέτωσαν; in legislative LXX style the future indicative carries imperatival force, sealing the command with the certainty of accomplished fact.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of παρεμβαλοῦσιν (resumptive)→ participant prominenceυἱοὶ: meaning 'sons'; it serves as subject of παρεμβαλοῦσιν (resumptive).
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
3
καὶ οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες πρῶτοι κατ᾿ ἀνατολὰς τάγμα παρεμβολῆς Ιουδα σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Ιουδα Ναασσων υἱὸς Αμιναδαβ
And those encamping first toward the east: the division of the camp of Judah with their host; and the leader of the sons of Judah was Naasson, son of Aminadab.
v.3 opens the east side with πρῶτοι — both the front of the camp and the head of the march. Judah leads, anticipating its royal-messianic primacy (Gen 49:8–10). The verse establishes the template repeated for each tribe: encampment-position, τάγμα παρεμβολῆς + tribe, σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν, then ὁ ἄρχων + named chieftain + patronymic.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλοντεςthose encampingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · παρεμβάλλωsubstantival participle (subject: 'those who encamp')→ customary present participle (those whose fixed station is...)παρεμβάλλω (pres. part.): the substantival οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ('those encamping') is the recurring subject-formula of the chapter, introducing each tribal position; the present participle marks their settled, assigned station in the camp.
πρῶτοιfirstNominativepredicate ordinal (position: 'first / foremost')→ participant prominenceπρῶτος: 'first / foremost'; ordinal denoting both the eastern (front) position and primacy in the order of march; it pairs with πρῶτοι ἐξαροῦσιν (v. 9) to bind camp-position to marching-sequence.
κατ᾿towardpreposition + accusative (direction: 'toward the east', elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: here directional, 'toward / in the region of'; κατ᾿ ἀνατολάς = 'eastward,' the side of sunrise and the front of the camp.
ἀνατολὰςeast / sunriseAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (direction: 'toward the east')→ object specificationἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολαί): 'rising (of the sun) / east'; renders קֵדְמָה / מִזְרָח; the eastern orientation faces the entrance of the tabernacle and is the position of honor — Judah, the royal tribe, camps there.
τάγμαdivisionNominativeappositional nominative (naming the eastern body: 'the division')→ participant prominenceτάγμα: see v. 2; here heading the first of the four great tribal divisions, 'the division of the camp of Judah.'
παρεμβολῆςof the campGenitivegenitive (defining τάγμα: 'division of the camp')→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp / encampment / army'; cognate of παρεμβάλλω; renders מַחֲנֶה ('camp'); the phrase τάγμα παρεμβολῆς + tribe-name heads each of the four camps.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'camp of Judah')→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה; indeclinable in the LXX; the leading tribe of the eastern camp and first in the march, foreshadowing its royal-messianic destiny (Gen 49:10).
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'with their host')→ spatial or relational framingσύν + dat.: 'with / together with'; the phrase σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν ('with their host') is repeated for each camp, marking the muster as a military array.
δυνάμειhost / armyDativedative object of σύν (accompaniment)→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'power / host / army'; renders צָבָא ('host, army'); throughout this chapter δύναμις denotes the fighting-force of each tribe, the able-bodied men counted in the census.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with δυνάμει)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δυνάμει).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνruler / leaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause ('the leader [was]...')→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'ruler / chief / leader'; renders נָשִׂיא ('prince, tribal chieftain'); the recurring phrase ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν + tribe introduces each tribe's named representative, the same twelve chieftains who assisted in the census of ch. 1 and brought the offerings of ch. 7.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων: 'leader of the sons of Judah')→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων: 'leader of the sons of Judah').
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΝαασσωνNaassonpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαασσων: transliteration of Hebrew נַחְשׁוֹן (Nahshon); indeclinable; chieftain of Judah (Num 1:7; 7:12) and an ancestor of David and of the Messiah in the genealogies (Ruth 4:20; Matt 1:4; Luke 3:32).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic: 'son of...')→ participant prominenceυἱός: here in the patronymic formula υἱὸς + father's name, identifying each chieftain by his father, the standard genealogical tag of the chapter.
Αμιναδαβof Aminadabgenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑμιναδαβ: transliteration of Hebrew עַמִּינָדָב (Amminadab); indeclinable; father of Naasson, likewise in the messianic line (Ruth 4:19–20; Matt 1:4).
4
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι τέσσαρες καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: seventy-four thousand six hundred.
v.4 gives Judah's census figure in the fixed tally-formula δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι + number, repeated for all twelve tribes. The number 74,600 matches Num 1:27. The perfect participle οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι ('those who have been numbered') links the camp-order back to the completed census of chapter 1.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally: 'his host [is]...')→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3; here the verbless tally-formula δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι heads each tribe's census-number.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (with δύναμις)→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δύναμις).
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition: 'the ones mustered')→ resultative perfect participle (those standing on the completed muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: 'visit / inspect / muster / number'; renders פָּקַד ('muster, number'); the perfect participle οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι ('those who have been numbered') denotes the men already registered in the census of ch. 1; its cognate noun ἐπίσκεψις ('numbering, census') appears at v. 32.
τέσσαρεςfourNominativecardinal numeral (with χιλιάδες: '...four thousand')→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; the units-component of the tally; the LXX gives the figure additively (four-and-seventy thousand and six hundred = 74,600).
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑβδομήκονταseventycardinal numeral (indeclinable: 'seventy')→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; indeclinable cardinal; combined with τέσσαρες and χιλιάδες yields seventy-four thousand.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativenominative (the thousands-unit of the count)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand / a group of a thousand'; renders אֶלֶף; the basic large unit of the census-tallies throughout the chapter.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredNominativecardinal numeral (the hundreds-component: 'six hundred')→ measure or countἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; completes Judah's total of 74,600, matching the figure of Num 1:27.
5
καὶ οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ἐχόμενοι φυλῆς Ισσαχαρ καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Ισσαχαρ Ναθαναηλ υἱὸς Σωγαρ
And those encamping next to him: the tribe of Issachar; and the leader of the sons of Issachar was Nathanael, son of Sogar.
v.5 introduces the second-rank formula οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ἐχόμενοι ('those encamping next-to'), using the spatial idiom of v. 2 (ἐχόμενος) for tribes positioned alongside the camp-leader. Issachar encamps beside Judah on the east, with its chieftain Nathanael named in the standard ἄρχων-patronymic pattern.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλοντεςthose encampingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · παρεμβάλλωsubstantival participle (subject: 'those who encamp')→ customary present participle (settled station)παρεμβάλλω (pres. part.): see v. 3; the recurring subject-formula for each flanking tribe.
ἐχόμενοιnext to / adjoiningPres Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic spatial: 'adjoining [him]')→ stative present participle (settled adjacency)ἔχω (mid. part. ἐχόμενοι): the spatial idiom 'next to, adjoining' (see v. 2); marks Issachar as the tribe pitched immediately beside Judah; the plural agrees with the collective subject.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining the encampers: 'the tribe of Issachar')→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe / clan'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; for the flanking tribes the LXX uses φυλῆς + name (where the leading tribe of each camp used τάγμα παρεμβολῆς), a subtle distinction between camp-head and camp-member.
Ισσαχαρof Issachargenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'tribe of Issachar')→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשָּׂשכָר; indeclinable; the fifth son of Jacob by Leah, encamped beside Judah on the east.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3; 'tribal chieftain' (נָשִׂיא).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Ισσαχαρof Issachargenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΝαθαναηλNathanaelpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝαθαναηλ: transliteration of Hebrew נְתַנְאֵל ('God has given'); indeclinable; chieftain of Issachar (Num 1:8; 7:18).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Σωγαρof Sogargenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣωγαρ: transliteration of Hebrew צוּעָר (Zuar); indeclinable; father of Nathanael.
6
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι τέσσαρες καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: fifty-four thousand four hundred.
Issachar's tally in the fixed formula: 54,400, matching Num 1:29.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3; the tally-formula δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4; οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι, 'those who have been numbered.'
τέσσαρεςfourNominativecardinal numeral (units-component)→ measure or countτέσσαρες: 'four'; with πεντήκοντα and χιλιάδες = fifty-four thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftycardinal numeral (indeclinable: 'fifty')→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativenominative (the thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; completes Issachar's total of 54,400 (cf. Num 1:29).
7
καὶ οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ἐχόμενοι φυλῆς Ζαβουλων καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Ζαβουλων Ελιαβ υἱὸς Χαιλων
And those encamping next to him: the tribe of Zebulun; and the leader of the sons of Zebulun was Eliab, son of Chailon.
v.7 completes the eastern trio with Zebulun, the third of Leah's sons grouped on the east; the formula matches v. 5 exactly.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλοντεςthose encampingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · παρεμβάλλωsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participle (settled station)παρεμβάλλω (pres. part.): see v. 3.
ἐχόμενοιnext to / adjoiningPres Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic spatial: 'adjoining')→ stative present participle (settled adjacency)ἔχω (mid. part.): see v. 2; Zebulun pitched next to the eastern camp.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining the encampers)→ relational specificationφυλή: see v. 5.
Ζαβουλωνof Zebulungenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: transliteration of Hebrew זְבוּלֻן; indeclinable; the sixth son of Jacob by Leah, the third tribe of the eastern camp.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Ζαβουλωνof Zebulungenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΕλιαβEliabpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλιαβ: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִיאָב ('God is father'); indeclinable; chieftain of Zebulun (Num 1:9; 7:24).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Χαιλωνof Chailongenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΧαιλων: transliteration of Hebrew חֵלֹן (Helon); indeclinable; father of Eliab.
8
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι ἑπτὰ καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: fifty-seven thousand four hundred.
Zebulun's tally: 57,400, matching Num 1:31.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
ἑπτὰsevencardinal numeral (indeclinable units-component)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable; with πεντήκοντα and χιλιάδες = fifty-seven thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftycardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: see v. 6.
χιλιάδεςthousandsNominativenominative (the thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; completes Zebulun's total of 57,400 (cf. Num 1:31).
9
πάντες οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι ἐκ τῆς παρεμβολῆς Ιουδα ἑκατὸν ὀγδοήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακισχίλιοι καὶ τετρακόσιοι σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν πρῶτοι ἐξαροῦσιν
All those numbered from the camp of Judah: one hundred eighty-six thousand four hundred, with their host. First shall they set out.
v.9 closes the east camp with its grand subtotal (186,400 = 74,600 + 54,400 + 57,400) and the marching-rank πρῶτοι ἐξαροῦσιν ('first shall they set out'). The summary-formula πάντες οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι ἐκ τῆς παρεμβολῆς + tribe recurs at the close of each camp (vv. 16, 24, 31), and the future ἐξαροῦσιν (from ἐξαίρω) keys the static camp to the kinetic march, the camp's geometry becoming the column's sequence.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (summative: 'all those numbered')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / every'; the summative πάντες gathers the three eastern tribes into one camp-total.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (subject of the summary)→ resultative perfect participle (the full muster-roll of the camp)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4; here gathering the whole eastern camp's numbered men.
ἐκfrom / belonging topreposition + genitive (source/partitive: 'from the camp')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: 'from / out of'; here partitive-source, designating the men reckoned as belonging to the camp of Judah.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with παρεμβολῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (the eastern camp)→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: see v. 3; here the whole eastern camp named after its leading tribe, Judah.
Ιουδαof Judahgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙουδα: see v. 3; the eastern camp bears Judah's name as its standard-bearer.
ἑκατὸνone hundredcardinal numeral (indeclinable: hundreds)→ measure or countἑκατόν: 'one hundred'; indeclinable; leading component of the camp-total 186,400.
ὀγδοήκονταeightycardinal numeral (indeclinable: tens)→ measure or countὀγδοήκοντα: 'eighty'; indeclinable; with ἑκατόν and ἑξακισχίλιοι yields 186,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4; here ἑκατὸν ὀγδοήκοντα χιλιάδες = 180,000.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξακισχίλιοιsix thousandNominativecardinal numeral (thousands-component)→ participant prominenceἑξακισχίλιοι: 'six thousand'; the multiplicative compound (ἑξάκις + χίλιοι); added to 180,000 gives 186,000.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; completes the eastern camp-total of 186,400.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: see v. 3; σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν, 'with their host.'
δυνάμειhostDativedative object of σύν→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πρῶτοιfirstNominativepredicate ordinal (marching-rank: 'first in the march')→ participant prominenceπρῶτος: 'first'; here the marching-order rank, binding the eastern camp's frontal position to its place at the head of the column (cf. πρῶτοι in v. 3).
ἐξαροῦσινshall set outFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξαίρωmain verb (order-of-march announcement)→ imperatival/predictive future (fixed marching-sequence)ἐξαίρω: 'lift up / remove / set out (on a journey)'; in the LXX ἐξαίρω renders נָסַע ('pull up tent-pegs, break camp, journey'); the recurring future ἐξαροῦσιν keys each camp's marching-rank (πρῶτοι / δεύτεροι / τρίτοι / ἔσχατοι), so that the camp's spatial order becomes the column's temporal order.
10
τάγμα παρεμβολῆς Ρουβην πρὸς λίβα σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Ρουβην Ελισουρ υἱὸς Σεδιουρ
The division of the camp of Reuben toward the south, with their host; and the leader of the sons of Reuben was Elisour, son of Sediour.
v.10 opens the south side (πρὸς λίβα) with Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, leading the second camp; the verse reuses the camp-head template of v. 3 (τάγμα παρεμβολῆς + tribe ... ὁ ἄρχων ...).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τάγμαdivisionNominativenominative (heading the southern camp)→ participant prominenceτάγμα: see v. 2; heading the second of the four divisions.
παρεμβολῆςof the campGenitivegenitive (defining τάγμα)→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: see v. 3.
Ρουβηνof Reubengenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡουβην: transliteration of Hebrew רְאוּבֵן; indeclinable; Jacob's firstborn (Gen 29:32), leader of the southern camp.
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction: 'toward the south')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: directional 'toward'; πρὸς λίβα = 'toward the south.'
λίβαsouth / southwestAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (direction)→ object specificationλίψ (acc. λίβα): properly 'the southwest wind,' hence 'south / southwest'; the LXX uses it for Hebrew נֶגֶב / תֵּימָן ('south'); the orientation of the second camp.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: see v. 3.
δυνάμειhostDativedative object of σύν→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Ρουβηνof Reubengenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡουβην: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΕλισουρElisourpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλισουρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִיצוּר ('God is a rock'); indeclinable; chieftain of Reuben (Num 1:5; 7:30).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Σεδιουρof Sediourgenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣεδιουρ: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁדֵיאוּר (Shedeur); indeclinable; father of Elisour.
11
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι ἓξ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: forty-six thousand five hundred.
Reuben's tally: 46,500, matching Num 1:21.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
ἓξsixcardinal numeral (indeclinable units-component)→ clausal contributionἕξ: 'six'; indeclinable; with τεσσαράκοντα and χιλιάδες = forty-six thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortycardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: 'forty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; completes Reuben's total of 46,500 (cf. Num 1:21).
12
καὶ οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ἐχόμενοι αὐτοῦ φυλῆς Συμεων καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Συμεων Σαλαμιηλ υἱὸς Σουρισαδαι
And those encamping next to him: the tribe of Simeon; and the leader of the sons of Simeon was Salamiel, son of Surisadai.
v.12 adds the explicit αὐτοῦ ('next to him') to the adjacency-formula; Simeon encamps beside Reuben on the south, with chieftain Salamiel named in the standard pattern.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλοντεςthose encampingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · παρεμβάλλωsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participle (settled station)παρεμβάλλω (pres. part.): see v. 3.
ἐχόμενοιnext to / adjoiningPres Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic spatial: 'adjoining him')→ stative present participle (settled adjacency)ἔχω (mid. part.): see v. 2; here with explicit αὐτοῦ.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive with ἐχόμενοι (object of the spatial idiom)→ relational specificationαὐτός: completing ἐχόμενοι αὐτοῦ, 'next to him' (i.e., next to Reuben's lead-position).
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining the encampers)→ relational specificationφυλή: see v. 5.
Συμεωνof Simeongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣυμεων: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן; indeclinable; the second son of Jacob by Leah, encamped beside Reuben on the south.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Συμεωνof Simeongenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣυμεων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΣαλαμιηλSalamielpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣαλαμιηλ: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁלֻמִיאֵל ('God is my peace'); indeclinable; chieftain of Simeon (Num 1:6; 7:36).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Σουρισαδαιof Surisadaigenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΣουρισαδαι: transliteration of Hebrew צוּרִישַׁדָּי (Zurishaddai, 'Shaddai is my rock'); indeclinable; father of Salamiel.
13
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι ἐννέα καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τριακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: fifty-nine thousand three hundred.
Simeon's tally: 59,300, matching Num 1:23.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
ἐννέαninecardinal numeral (indeclinable units-component)→ measure or countἐννέα: 'nine'; indeclinable; with πεντήκοντα and χιλιάδες = fifty-nine thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftycardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: see v. 6.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριακόσιοιthree hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceτριακόσιοι: 'three hundred'; completes Simeon's total of 59,300 (cf. Num 1:23).
14
καὶ οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ἐχόμενοι αὐτοῦ φυλῆς Γαδ καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Γαδ Ελισαφ υἱὸς Ραγουηλ
And those encamping next to him: the tribe of Gad; and the leader of the sons of Gad was Elisaph, son of Raguel.
v.14 completes the southern trio with Gad, the son of Zilpah grouped with Reuben and Simeon; the formula matches v. 12.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλοντεςthose encampingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · παρεμβάλλωsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participle (settled station)παρεμβάλλω (pres. part.): see v. 3.
ἐχόμενοιnext to / adjoiningPres Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic spatial: 'adjoining him')→ stative present participle (settled adjacency)ἔχω (mid. part.): see v. 2.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive with ἐχόμενοι (object of the spatial idiom)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'next to him.'
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining the encampers)→ relational specificationφυλή: see v. 5.
Γαδof Gadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαδ: transliteration of Hebrew גָּד; indeclinable; the son of Jacob by Zilpah (Leah's maid), the third tribe of the southern camp (taking the place that genealogy would give to Levi, who is set apart).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Γαδof Gadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαδ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΕλισαφElisaphpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλισαφ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְיָסָף ('God has added'); indeclinable; chieftain of Gad (Num 1:14; 7:42).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Ραγουηλof Raguelgenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡαγουηλ: transliteration of Hebrew רְעוּאֵל ('friend of God'; the Hebrew here reads דְּעוּאֵל, Deuel, with the variant Reuel); indeclinable; father of Elisaph.
15
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι πέντε καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα
His host and those of them numbered: forty-five thousand six hundred fifty.
Gad's tally: 45,650, matching Num 1:25; uniquely among the tribes it adds a tens-component (πεντήκοντα, 'fifty').
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
πέντεfivecardinal numeral (indeclinable units-component)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; indeclinable; with τεσσαράκοντα and χιλιάδες = forty-five thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortycardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: see v. 11.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ measure or countἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the tens-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftycardinal numeral (tens-component, unique to Gad's tally)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; completes Gad's distinctive total of 45,650 (cf. Num 1:25), the only tribe in the chapter whose figure includes a tens-place.
16
πάντες οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι τῆς παρεμβολῆς Ρουβην ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα μία χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν δεύτεροι ἐξαροῦσιν
All those numbered of the camp of Reuben: one hundred fifty-one thousand four hundred fifty, with their host. Second shall they set out.
v.16 closes the south camp with its subtotal (151,450 = 46,500 + 59,300 + 45,650) and marching-rank δεύτεροι ἐξαροῦσιν ('second shall they set out'); the summary-formula parallels v. 9.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (summative)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 9.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (subject of the summary)→ resultative perfect participle (the full muster-roll of the camp)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with παρεμβολῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampGenitivegenitive (the southern camp; here without ἐκ, simple genitive)→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: see v. 3; the southern camp named for Reuben.
Ρουβηνof Reubengenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΡουβην: see v. 10.
ἑκατὸνone hundredcardinal numeral (indeclinable: hundreds)→ measure or countἑκατόν: see v. 9.
πεντήκονταfiftycardinal numeral (indeclinable: tens)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: see v. 6; with ἑκατόν and μία = one hundred fifty-one.
μίαoneNominativecardinal numeral (feminine, agreeing with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine μία agrees with χιλιάδες; ἑκατὸν πεντήκοντα μία χιλιάδες = 151,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: see v. 6.
καὶandconjunction (joining the tens-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftycardinal numeral (tens-component)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: completes the southern camp-total of 151,450.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: see v. 3.
δυνάμειhostDativedative object of σύν→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
δεύτεροιsecondNominativepredicate ordinal (marching-rank: 'second in the march')→ participant prominenceδεύτερος: 'second'; the southern camp's place in the order of march, immediately behind the eastern camp.
ἐξαροῦσινshall set outFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξαίρωmain verb (order-of-march announcement)→ imperatival/predictive future (fixed marching-sequence)ἐξαίρω: see v. 9; here the south camp marches second.
17
καὶ ἀρθήσεται ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ ἡ παρεμβολὴ τῶν Λευιτῶν μέσον τῶν παρεμβολῶν ὡς καὶ παρεμβάλλουσιν οὕτως καὶ ἐξαροῦσιν ἕκαστος ἐχόμενος καθ᾿ ἡγεμονίαν
And the tent of meeting shall be taken up, and the camp of the Levites, in the midst of the camps; as they encamp, so also shall they set out, each in his place, by their leadership-order.
v.17 is the chapter's central pivot, placed between the south (vv. 10–16) and west (vv. 18–24) camps: the sanctuary and the Levite-camp travel μέσον τῶν παρεμβολῶν ('in the midst of the camps'). The principle 'as they encamp, so they set out' (ὡς … παρεμβάλλουσιν οὕτως … ἐξαροῦσιν) explicitly fuses the camp's geometry to the march's order. ἕκαστος ἐχόμενος ('each in his place') and καθ᾿ ἡγεμονίαν ('by leadership-rank') seal the principle of disciplined order. Theologically, the protected central position of the sanctuary expresses YHWH dwelling in the midst of his people.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρθήσεταιshall be taken upFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · αἴρωmain verb (passive: the sanctuary is broken down and carried)→ predictive future passive (the tent's removal at each march)αἴρω: 'lift / take up / carry away'; the passive ἀρθήσεται ('shall be taken up') describes the dismantling and transport of the tabernacle by the Levites at each stage of the march; the passive leaves the Levite-bearers as the implied agents (cf. Num 4).
ἡtheNominativearticle (with σκηνή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴtentNominativesubject of ἀρθήσεται→ participant prominenceσκηνή: see v. 2; the portable sanctuary that travels at the center of the host.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουof meeting / witnessGenitivegenitive (defining σκηνή)→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: see v. 2.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (second subject)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with παρεμβολή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολὴcampNominativesecond subject of ἀρθήσεται (the Levite camp moves with the tent)→ participant prominenceπαρεμβολή: see v. 3; here the encampment of the Levites surrounding the tabernacle (Num 1:53).
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with Λευιτῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Λευιτῶνof the LevitesGenitivegenitive (defining παρεμβολή: 'camp of the Levites')→ relational specificationΛευίτης: 'Levite'; the tribe of Levi, set apart for sanctuary service and so excluded from the military census; their camp encircles the tabernacle and travels at the center of the column (cf. Num 1:50–53; 3).
μέσονin the midstadverbial accusative / improper preposition (+ genitive: 'in the midst of')→ spatial or relational framingμέσος (acc. μέσον used adverbially): 'in the middle / midst of'; renders בְּתוֹךְ; locates the Levites and sanctuary at the protected center, between the camps before and behind.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with παρεμβολῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῶνcampsGenitivegenitive (with μέσον: 'in the midst of the camps')→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή (gen. pl.): the four tribal camps among which the Levite-camp travels centrally.
ὡςascomparative conjunction (introducing the 'as ... so' correlation)→ discourse linkage or contrastὡς: 'as / just as'; introduces the correlative ὡς … οὕτως ('as … so'), equating the order of encampment with the order of march.
καὶalsoadverbial (intensifying the comparison: 'as they also encamp')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'also'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρεμβάλλουσινthey encampPres Act Indic 3 Pl · παρεμβάλλωverb of the comparative clause ('as they encamp')→ customary present (habitual order of encampment)παρεμβάλλω (pres. indic.): 'they encamp'; the present indicative states the settled pattern of the camp, the protasis of the ὡς … οὕτως correlation.
οὕτωςsocorrelative adverb (apodosis: 'so also')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / so'; completes the ὡς … οὕτως correlation, asserting that the march reproduces the camp exactly.
καὶalsoadverbial (intensifying: 'so also shall they set out')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'also'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξαροῦσινshall they set outFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξαίρωmain verb of the apodosis (the march mirrors the camp)→ predictive future (the order of march)ἐξαίρω: see v. 9; the apodosis 'so they shall set out' makes the marching-order identical to the camp-order.
ἕκαστοςeachNominativesubject (distributive: 'each one')→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each / every one'; distributive, individualizing the disciplined order — every man keeps his appointed place.
ἐχόμενοςin his place / next in linePres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic: 'holding his place / next in order')→ stative present participle (settled position)ἔχω (mid. part.): the spatial idiom (see v. 2); here ἕκαστος ἐχόμενος = 'each keeping his own position / next in sequence,' marking orderly succession on the march.
καθ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'according to'; here ordering the march καθ᾿ ἡγεμονίαν, 'by leadership-rank.'
ἡγεμονίανleadership / command-orderAccusativeaccusative object of καθ᾿ (distributive: 'by leadership-rank')→ object specificationἡγεμονία: 'leadership / command / rank under a leader'; from ἡγεμών ('leader, commander'); the phrase καθ᾿ ἡγεμονίαν specifies that each unit marches under its own chieftain's command, by ordered rank.
18
τάγμα παρεμβολῆς Εφραιμ παρὰ θάλασσαν σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Εφραιμ Ελισαμα υἱὸς Εμιουδ
The division of the camp of Ephraim toward the sea, with their host; and the leader of the sons of Ephraim was Elisama, son of Emioud.
v.18 opens the west side (παρὰ θάλασσαν, 'toward the [Mediterranean] sea') with Ephraim, Joseph's younger son, leading the third camp — a fulfilment of Jacob's blessing setting Ephraim before Manasseh (Gen 48:14–20); the template matches vv. 3, 10.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τάγμαdivisionNominativenominative (heading the western camp)→ participant prominenceτάγμα: see v. 2; the third of the four divisions.
παρεμβολῆςof the campGenitivegenitive (defining τάγμα)→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: see v. 3.
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם; indeclinable; Joseph's younger son, given precedence over Manasseh (Gen 48); leader of the western camp.
παρὰtoward / alongsidepreposition + accusative (direction: 'toward the sea')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'beside / toward'; παρὰ θάλασσαν ('toward the sea') is the LXX's rendering of יָמָּה ('seaward, westward'), the Mediterranean lying west of Canaan, hence 'west.'
θάλασσανsea / westAccusativeaccusative object of παρά (direction)→ object specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; here a directional idiom for 'west,' since the Great Sea lies to Israel's west; renders Hebrew יָם ('sea / west').
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: see v. 3.
δυνάμειhostDativedative object of σύν→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΕλισαμαElisamapredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕλισαμα: transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִישָׁמָע ('God has heard'); indeclinable; chieftain of Ephraim (Num 1:10; 7:48); an ancestor of Joshua (1 Chr 7:26–27).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Εμιουδof Emioudgenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕμιουδ: transliteration of Hebrew עַמִּיהוּד (Ammihud); indeclinable; father of Elisama.
19
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: forty thousand five hundred.
Ephraim's tally: 40,500, matching Num 1:33; its figure has no units-component, a round forty thousand.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
τεσσαράκονταfortycardinal numeral (indeclinable: tens, directly with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: see v. 11; here τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες = forty thousand.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; completes Ephraim's total of 40,500 (cf. Num 1:33).
20
καὶ οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ἐχόμενοι φυλῆς Μανασση καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Μανασση Γαμαλιηλ υἱὸς Φαδασσουρ
And those encamping next to him: the tribe of Manasseh; and the leader of the sons of Manasseh was Gamaliel, son of Phadassour.
v.20 adds Manasseh, Joseph's elder son, beside Ephraim on the west; the chieftain's name Gamaliel later recurs as that of Paul's teacher (Acts 22:3) — a different bearer of the same name.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλοντεςthose encampingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · παρεμβάλλωsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participle (settled station)παρεμβάλλω (pres. part.): see v. 3.
ἐχόμενοιnext to / adjoiningPres Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic spatial: 'adjoining')→ stative present participle (settled adjacency)ἔχω (mid. part.): see v. 2.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining the encampers)→ relational specificationφυλή: see v. 5.
Μανασσηof Manassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה; indeclinable; Joseph's elder son, set second to Ephraim in Jacob's blessing (Gen 48), here the second tribe of the western camp.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Μανασσηof Manassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΓαμαλιηλGamalielpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαμαλιηλ: transliteration of Hebrew גַּמְלִיאֵל ('God is my reward'); indeclinable; chieftain of Manasseh (Num 1:10; 7:54); the same name borne later by the famous rabban (Acts 5:34; 22:3).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Φαδασσουρof Phadassourgenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαδασσουρ: transliteration of Hebrew פְּדָהצוּר (Pedahzur, 'the Rock has ransomed'); indeclinable; father of Gamaliel.
21
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ διακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: thirty-two thousand two hundred.
Manasseh's tally: 32,200, matching Num 1:35; the smallest tribal figure in the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
δύοtwocardinal numeral (units-component)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; with τριάκοντα and χιλιάδες = thirty-two thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtycardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διακόσιοιtwo hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceδιακόσιοι: 'two hundred'; completes Manasseh's total of 32,200 (cf. Num 1:35).
22
καὶ οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ἐχόμενοι φυλῆς Βενιαμιν καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Βενιαμιν Αβιδαν υἱὸς Γαδεωνι
And those encamping next to him: the tribe of Benjamin; and the leader of the sons of Benjamin was Abidan, son of Gadeoni.
v.22 completes the western trio with Benjamin, Rachel's younger son, joined to the two Joseph-tribes — the three 'Rachel' tribes camp together on the west.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλοντεςthose encampingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · παρεμβάλλωsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participle (settled station)παρεμβάλλω (pres. part.): see v. 3.
ἐχόμενοιnext to / adjoiningPres Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic spatial: 'adjoining')→ stative present participle (settled adjacency)ἔχω (mid. part.): see v. 2.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining the encampers)→ relational specificationφυλή: see v. 5.
Βενιαμινof Benjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliteration of Hebrew בִּנְיָמִין ('son of the right hand'); indeclinable; Rachel's younger son, the third tribe of the western camp, grouped with the Joseph-tribes.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Βενιαμινof Benjamingenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΑβιδανAbidanpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑβιδαν: transliteration of Hebrew אֲבִידָן ('my father is judge'); indeclinable; chieftain of Benjamin (Num 1:11; 7:60).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Γαδεωνιof Gadeonigenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΓαδεωνι: transliteration of Hebrew גִּדְעֹנִי (Gideoni); indeclinable; father of Abidan.
23
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι πέντε καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: thirty-five thousand four hundred.
Benjamin's tally: 35,400, matching Num 1:37.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
πέντεfivecardinal numeral (indeclinable units-component)→ measure or countπέντε: see v. 15; with τριάκοντα and χιλιάδες = thirty-five thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtycardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: see v. 21.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; completes Benjamin's total of 35,400 (cf. Num 1:37).
24
πάντες οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι τῆς παρεμβολῆς Εφραιμ ἑκατὸν χιλιάδες καὶ ὀκτακισχίλιοι καὶ ἑκατὸν σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν τρίτοι ἐξαροῦσιν
All those numbered of the camp of Ephraim: one hundred eight thousand one hundred, with their host. Third shall they set out.
v.24 closes the west camp with its subtotal (108,100 = 40,500 + 32,200 + 35,400) and marching-rank τρίτοι ἐξαροῦσιν ('third shall they set out'); the formula parallels vv. 9, 16.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (summative)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 9.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (subject of the summary)→ resultative perfect participle (the full muster-roll of the camp)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with παρεμβολῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampGenitivegenitive (the western camp)→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: see v. 3; the western camp named for Ephraim.
Εφραιμof Ephraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: see v. 18.
ἑκατὸνone hundredcardinal numeral (indeclinable: hundreds, with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countἑκατόν: see v. 9; here ἑκατὸν χιλιάδες = one hundred thousand.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the thousands-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀκτακισχίλιοιeight thousandNominativecardinal numeral (thousands-component)→ participant prominenceὀκτακισχίλιοι: 'eight thousand'; the multiplicative compound (ὀκτάκις + χίλιοι); with ἑκατὸν χιλιάδες = 108,000.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑκατὸνone hundredcardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ measure or countἑκατόν: here the hundreds-place, completing the western camp-total of 108,100.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: see v. 3.
δυνάμειhostDativedative object of σύν→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τρίτοιthirdNominativepredicate ordinal (marching-rank: 'third in the march')→ participant prominenceτρίτος: 'third'; the western camp's place in the order of march, behind the sanctuary at the column's center.
ἐξαροῦσινshall set outFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξαίρωmain verb (order-of-march announcement)→ imperatival/predictive future (fixed marching-sequence)ἐξαίρω: see v. 9; the west camp marches third.
25
τάγμα παρεμβολῆς Δαν πρὸς βορρᾶν σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Δαν Αχιεζερ υἱὸς Αμισαδαι
The division of the camp of Dan toward the north, with their host; and the leader of the sons of Dan was Achiezer, son of Amisadai.
v.25 opens the north side (πρὸς βορρᾶν) with Dan, son of Bilhah, leading the fourth and last camp; the template matches vv. 3, 10, 18. Dan, numerically the second-largest tribe, fittingly forms the rear-guard of the whole host.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
τάγμαdivisionNominativenominative (heading the northern camp)→ participant prominenceτάγμα: see v. 2; the fourth of the four divisions.
παρεμβολῆςof the campGenitivegenitive (defining τάγμα)→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: see v. 3.
Δανof Dangenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּן; indeclinable; the son of Jacob by Bilhah (Rachel's maid), leader of the northern camp and rear-guard of the march.
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction: 'toward the north')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: directional 'toward'; πρὸς βορρᾶν = 'toward the north.'
βορρᾶνnorthAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (direction)→ object specificationβορρᾶς (acc. βορρᾶν): 'the north wind / north'; renders Hebrew צָפוֹן ('north'); the orientation of the fourth and last camp.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: see v. 3.
δυνάμειhostDativedative object of σύν→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Δανof Dangenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαν: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΑχιεζερAchiezerpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχιεζερ: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִיעֶזֶר ('my brother is help'); indeclinable; chieftain of Dan (Num 1:12; 7:66).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Αμισαδαιof Amisadaigenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑμισαδαι: transliteration of Hebrew עַמִּישַׁדָּי (Ammishaddai, 'Shaddai is my kinsman'); indeclinable; father of Achiezer.
26
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι δύο καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: sixty-two thousand seven hundred.
Dan's tally: 62,700, matching Num 1:39; the largest single tribal figure in the chapter, fitting for the rear-guard.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
δύοtwocardinal numeral (units-component)→ measure or countδύο: see v. 21; with ἑξήκοντα and χιλιάδες = sixty-two thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtycardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; indeclinable cardinal.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακόσιοιseven hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred'; completes Dan's total of 62,700 (cf. Num 1:39).
27
καὶ οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ἐχόμενοι αὐτοῦ φυλῆς Ασηρ καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Ασηρ Φαγαιηλ υἱὸς Εχραν
And those encamping next to him: the tribe of Asher; and the leader of the sons of Asher was Phagaiel, son of Echran.
v.27 adds Asher, son of Zilpah, beside Dan on the north; the formula matches v. 12 (with explicit αὐτοῦ).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλοντεςthose encampingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · παρεμβάλλωsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participle (settled station)παρεμβάλλω (pres. part.): see v. 3.
ἐχόμενοιnext to / adjoiningPres Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic spatial: 'adjoining him')→ stative present participle (settled adjacency)ἔχω (mid. part.): see v. 2.
αὐτοῦhimGenitivegenitive with ἐχόμενοι (object of the spatial idiom)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'next to him.'
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining the encampers)→ relational specificationφυλή: see v. 5.
Ασηρof Ashergenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσηρ: transliteration of Hebrew אָשֵׁר ('happy / blessed'); indeclinable; the son of Jacob by Zilpah, the second tribe of the northern camp.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Ασηρof Ashergenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑσηρ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΦαγαιηλPhagaielpredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΦαγαιηλ: transliteration of Hebrew פַּגְעִיאֵל (Pagiel, 'God has met'); indeclinable; chieftain of Asher (Num 1:13; 7:72).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Εχρανof Echrangenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΕχραν: transliteration of Hebrew עָכְרָן (Ochran); indeclinable; father of Phagaiel.
28
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι μία καὶ τεσσαράκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: forty-one thousand five hundred.
Asher's tally: 41,500, matching Num 1:41; the units-numeral μία (feminine 'one') agrees with the implied χιλιάδες.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
μίαoneNominativecardinal numeral (feminine, agreeing with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine μία agrees with χιλιάδες; with τεσσαράκοντα = forty-one thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τεσσαράκονταfortycardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countτεσσαράκοντα: see v. 11.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; completes Asher's total of 41,500 (cf. Num 1:41).
29
καὶ οἱ παρεμβάλλοντες ἐχόμενοι φυλῆς Νεφθαλι καὶ ὁ ἄρχων τῶν υἱῶν Νεφθαλι Αχιρε υἱὸς Αιναν
And those encamping next to him: the tribe of Naphtali; and the leader of the sons of Naphtali was Achire, son of Ainan.
v.29 completes the northern trio — and the whole twelve-tribe arrangement — with Naphtali, son of Bilhah; the formula matches v. 27.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβάλλοντεςthose encampingPres Act Part Nom Masc Pl · παρεμβάλλωsubstantival participle (subject)→ customary present participle (settled station)παρεμβάλλω (pres. part.): see v. 3.
ἐχόμενοιnext to / adjoiningPres Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic spatial: 'adjoining')→ stative present participle (settled adjacency)ἔχω (mid. part.): see v. 2.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (defining the encampers)→ relational specificationφυλή: see v. 5.
Νεφθαλιof Naphtaligenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: transliteration of Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי; indeclinable; the son of Jacob by Bilhah, the third tribe of the northern camp and the last in the whole arrangement.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the chieftain-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχων)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχωνleaderNominativesubject of the verbless chieftain-clause→ participant prominenceἄρχων: see v. 3.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἄρχων)→ relational specificationυἱῶν: meaning 'sons'; it serves as genitive (defining ἄρχων).
Νεφθαλιof Naphtaligenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive of relationship (indeclinable).
ΑχιρεAchirepredicate nominative (the chieftain named, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑχιρε: transliteration of Hebrew אֲחִירַע (Ahira, 'my brother is evil/friend'); indeclinable; chieftain of Naphtali (Num 1:15; 7:78).
υἱὸςsonNominativeappositional nominative (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱὸς: meaning 'son'; it serves as appositional nominative (patronymic).
Αινανof Ainangenitive of relationship (patronymic, indeclinable)→ participant identificationΑιναν: transliteration of Hebrew עֵינָן (Enan); indeclinable; father of Achire, the last of the twelve chieftains.
30
δύναμις αὐτοῦ οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι τρεῖς καὶ πεντήκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τετρακόσιοι
His host and those of them numbered: fifty-three thousand four hundred.
Naphtali's tally: 53,400, matching Num 1:43; the twelfth and final tribal figure.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δύναμιςhostNominativenominative (heading the tally)→ participant prominenceδύναμις: see v. 3.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (in apposition)→ resultative perfect participle (those on the muster-roll)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
τρεῖςthreeNominativecardinal numeral (units-component)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; with πεντήκοντα and χιλιάδες = fifty-three thousand.
καὶandconjunction (joining numeral components)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftycardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: see v. 6.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τετρακόσιοιfour hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceτετρακόσιοι: 'four hundred'; completes Naphtali's total of 53,400 (cf. Num 1:43).
31
πάντες οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι τῆς παρεμβολῆς Δαν ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα ἑπτὰ χιλιάδες καὶ ἑξακόσιοι ἔσχατοι ἐξαροῦσιν κατὰ τάγμα αὐτῶν
All those numbered of the camp of Dan: one hundred fifty-seven thousand six hundred. Last shall they set out, by their division.
v.31 closes the north camp with its subtotal (157,600 = 62,700 + 41,500 + 53,400) and marching-rank ἔσχατοι ἐξαροῦσιν ('last shall they set out'); the closing κατὰ τάγμα αὐτῶν ('by their division') echoes the chapter's organizing word τάγμα (v. 2), framing the four-camp sequence.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (summative)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: see v. 9.
οἱthe onesNominativearticle (substantivizing the participle)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπεσκεμμένοιthose numberedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐπισκέπτομαιsubstantival participle (subject of the summary)→ resultative perfect participle (the full muster-roll of the camp)ἐπισκέπτομαι: see v. 4.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with παρεμβολῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampGenitivegenitive (the northern camp)→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: see v. 3; the northern camp named for Dan.
Δανof Dangenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΔαν: see v. 25.
ἑκατὸνone hundredcardinal numeral (indeclinable: hundreds)→ measure or countἑκατόν: see v. 9; leading component of 157,600.
καὶandconjunction (joining the tens-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftycardinal numeral (indeclinable: tens)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: see v. 6; with ἑκατόν and ἑπτά = one hundred fifty-seven.
ἑπτὰsevencardinal numeral (indeclinable: units, with χιλιάδες)→ measure or countἑπτά: see v. 8; ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα ἑπτὰ χιλιάδες = 157,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the hundreds-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξακόσιοιsix hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ measure or countἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; completes the northern camp-total of 157,600.
ἔσχατοιlastNominativepredicate adjective (marching-rank: 'last in the march')→ participant prominenceἔσχατος: 'last / final'; the northern camp's place at the rear of the column; it completes the sequence πρῶτοι / δεύτεροι / τρίτοι / ἔσχατοι (vv. 9, 16, 24, 31).
ἐξαροῦσινshall set outFut Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξαίρωmain verb (order-of-march announcement)→ imperatival/predictive future (fixed marching-sequence)ἐξαίρω: see v. 9; the north camp marches last, as rear-guard.
κατὰby / according topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by their division')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive 'by / according to'; κατὰ τάγμα αὐτῶν ('by their division') rounds off the order-of-march with the same word τάγμα that opened the camp-ordinance (v. 2).
τάγμαdivisionAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationτάγμα: see v. 2; here in the marching-order summary, 'each by his appointed division.'
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with τάγμα)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with τάγμα).
32
αὕτη ἡ ἐπίσκεψις τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν πᾶσα ἡ ἐπίσκεψις τῶν παρεμβολῶν σὺν ταῖς δυνάμεσιν αὐτῶν ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες καὶ τρισχίλιοι πεντακόσιοι πεντήκοντα
This is the numbering of the sons of Israel according to their ancestral houses; the whole numbering of the camps with their hosts: six hundred three thousand five hundred fifty.
v.32 gives the grand total of all four camps: 603,550, exactly matching Num 1:46 and Exod 38:26. The summary-noun ἐπίσκεψις ('numbering, census'), cognate of the recurring participle οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι, frames the whole as the definitive military census of Israel. The figure is the sum 186,400 + 151,450 + 108,100 + 157,600 = 603,550.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject: 'this [is]...')→ participant referenceοὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο: 'this'; the feminine αὕτη agrees with ἐπίσκεψις; the summarizing 'this is the numbering' closes off the census-report.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumbering / censusNominativepredicate nominative (the census-total)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: 'inspection / mustering / census'; the abstract noun cognate with ἐπισκέπτομαι (οἱ ἐπεσκεμμένοι); renders Hebrew פְּקֻדִים ('those mustered'); the technical term for the military census of chapters 1–2.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (defining ἐπίσκεψις: 'census of the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: see v. 2; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, the whole covenant nation.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: see v. 2.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive; κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν repeats the census-unit formula of v. 2.
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof ancestral familiesGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
πᾶσαall / wholeNominativeadjective (modifying ἐπίσκεψις: 'the whole numbering')→ participant prominenceπᾶς (fem. πᾶσα): 'all / whole'; the feminine πᾶσα agrees with ἐπίσκεψις, gathering the four camps into one total.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with ἐπίσκεψις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπίσκεψιςnumberingNominativenominative (the total census)→ participant prominenceἐπίσκεψις: see above; here the comprehensive total of all the camps.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with παρεμβολῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῶνcampsGenitivegenitive (defining ἐπίσκεψις: 'census of the camps')→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή (gen. pl.): see v. 3; the four great tribal camps together.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: see v. 3; here with the plural ταῖς δυνάμεσιν, 'with their hosts.'
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with δυνάμεσιν)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεσινhostsDativedative object of σύν (plural: 'with their hosts')→ sphere or referenceδύναμις (dat. pl. δυνάμεσιν): see v. 3; the plural gathers the several tribal hosts into the total army.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἑξακόσιαιsix hundredNominativecardinal numeral (feminine, agreeing with χιλιάδες)→ participant prominenceἑξακόσιαι: 'six hundred' (fem. agreeing with χιλιάδες); ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες = 600,000, the leading component of the grand total 603,550.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (thousands-unit)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: see v. 4.
καὶandconjunction (joining the thousands-component)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρισχίλιοιthree thousandNominativecardinal numeral (thousands-component)→ participant prominenceτρισχίλιοι: 'three thousand'; with ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες = 603,000.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativecardinal numeral (hundreds-component)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; the hundreds-place of the grand total.
πεντήκονταfiftycardinal numeral (tens-component, asyndetic)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; completes the grand total of 603,550, exactly matching Num 1:46 and Exod 38:26 — the fixed Exodus-generation count of fighting men.
33
οἱ δὲ Λευῖται οὐ συνεπεσκέπησαν ἐν αὐτοῖς καθὰ ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ
But the Levites were not numbered among them, just as the LORD commanded Moses.
v.33 notes the deliberate exclusion of the Levites from the military muster (cf. Num 1:47–49); the adversative δέ sets them apart. Their charge is the sanctuary, not war, so they are not counted among the fighting hosts. The obedience-clause καθὰ ἐνετείλατο κύριος anticipates the fuller compliance-formula of v. 34.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οἱtheNominativearticle (with Λευῖται)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutadversative particle (post-positive: setting the Levites apart)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; here mildly adversative, contrasting the Levites with the numbered tribes — they alone are excepted from the military census.
ΛευῖταιLevitesNominativesubject of συνεπεσκέπησαν→ participant prominenceΛευίτης: see v. 17; the tribe set apart for tabernacle-service, excluded from the count of warriors.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating the verb)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: 'not'; the objective negation of fact — the Levites were in fact not enrolled in the military census.
συνεπεσκέπησανwere numbered togetherAor Pass Indic 3 Pl · συνεπισκέπτομαιmain verb (passive: the Levites were not co-mustered)→ constative aorist passive (a completed administrative fact)συνεπισκέπτομαι: 'be mustered/numbered together with'; the compound συν- adds 'along with (the rest)' to ἐπισκέπτομαι; the aorist passive states the fact that the Levites were not included in the military reckoning, in obedience to the divine exemption of Num 1:47–49.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (inclusion: 'among them')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here 'among / in the midst of'; ἐν αὐτοῖς = 'among them,' i.e., among the numbered tribes.
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative object of ἐν (the numbered Israelites)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: 'them'; the twelve numbered tribes, from whose count the Levites are excluded.
καθὰjust ascomparative conjunction (introducing the obedience-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as / according as'; renders Hebrew כַּאֲשֶׁר; introduces the conformity of the act to the divine command.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of the comparative clause (divine command)→ constative aorist (the prior completed command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge / give orders'; renders צִוָּה (Piel); the deponent middle is standard; the aorist points back to the earlier exemption-command of Num 1:48–49.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: see v. 1; the divine authority behind the Levite-exemption.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of ἐνετείλατο (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): see v. 1; the recipient of the divine charge concerning the Levites.
34
καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ πάντα ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ οὕτως παρενέβαλον κατὰ τάγμα αὐτῶν καὶ οὕτως ἐξῆρον ἕκαστος ἐχόμενοι κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν
And the sons of Israel did all that the LORD commanded Moses; thus they encamped, by their division, and thus they set out, each in his place, according to their clans, according to their ancestral houses.
v.34 closes the chapter with the standard LXX obedience-formula καὶ ἐποίησαν … πάντα ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος ('they did all that the LORD commanded'), the seal of Israel's compliance (cf. Exod 39:32; 40:16). The two οὕτως-clauses (παρενέβαλον / ἐξῆρον) recapitulate the chapter's twin themes — encampment and march — each governed by τάγμα and the ancestral-house ordering, so that the realized practice perfectly mirrors the divine command of v. 2.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησανdidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (act of obedience)→ constative aorist (completed compliance)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the formula καὶ ἐποίησαν … πάντα ὅσα συνέταξεν κύριος is the LXX's standard seal of obedience (cf. Exod 39:32; 40:16; Num 1:54), here marking Israel's full execution of the camp-ordinance.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with υἱοί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοὶsonsNominativesubject of ἐποίησαν→ participant prominenceυἱός: see v. 2.
Ισραηλof Israelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: see v. 2.
πάνταall thingsAccusativedirect object of ἐποίησαν (neuter plural: 'all that')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the neuter plural πάντα, antecedent of ὅσα, marks the totality of the command obeyed.
ὅσαas much asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνέταξεν: 'whatever the LORD commanded')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the relative πάντα ὅσα ('all that') is a fixed correlative idiom rendering כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר ('according to all that').
συνέταξενcommanded / orderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of the relative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the prior completed command)συντάσσω: 'arrange together / order / prescribe'; renders צִוָּה; closely allied to τάγμα/τάσσω, fittingly used of the command to set the camp 'in order'; the same root that names the camp's τάγμα also names its commanding.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: see v. 1.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of συνέταξεν→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): see v. 1.
οὕτωςthus / soadverb (manner: 'so they encamped')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus'; the first of two οὕτως-clauses, marking the realized encampment as conforming exactly to the command.
παρενέβαλονthey encampedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · παρεμβάλλωmain verb (the act of encamping)→ constative aorist (the realized encampment)παρεμβάλλω (aor.): see v. 2; the aorist παρενέβαλον records the accomplished encampment, fulfilling the imperative παρεμβαλέτωσαν of v. 2.
κατὰbypreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by their division')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive; κατὰ τάγμα αὐτῶν recurs from v. 31.
τάγμαdivisionAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationτάγμα: see v. 2; the camp's organizing word, here in the fulfilment-report.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with τάγμα)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with τάγμα).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two οὕτως-clauses)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὕτωςthus / soadverb (manner: 'so they set out')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: the second οὕτως-clause, applying the same conformity to the order of march.
ἐξῆρονthey set outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξαίρωmain verb (the act of setting out)→ constative aorist (the realized march)ἐξαίρω (aor.): see v. 9; the aorist ἐξῆρον records the accomplished march, fulfilling the recurring future ἐξαροῦσιν of the camp-summaries.
ἕκαστοςeachNominativesubject (distributive: 'each one')→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: see v. 17; the distributive 'each man' individualizes the obedient order.
ἐχόμενοιin his place / next in linePres Mid Part Nom Masc Pl · ἔχωparticiple (idiomatic: 'keeping his place'; plural agreeing with the collective sense)→ stative present participle (settled order)ἔχω (mid. part.): see v. 2; ἕκαστος ἐχόμενοι ('each keeping his place') is a constructio ad sensum, the plural participle agreeing with the collective force of ἕκαστος; it echoes ἕκαστος ἐχόμενος of v. 17, sealing the disciplined order of the march.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by their clans')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive; κατὰ δήμους αὐτῶν, 'by their clans.'
δήμουςclans / districtsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive)→ object specificationδῆμος: 'people / district / clan'; in the LXX of Numbers δῆμος renders מִשְׁפָּחָה ('clan, kindred-group'), the subdivision between tribe and ancestral house; the marching-order respects clan-structure.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with δήμους)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δήμους).
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive, elided)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: distributive; κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν closes the chapter with the same census-unit formula that opened the ordinance (v. 2), forming an inclusio.
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατ᾿ (distributive)→ object specificationοἶκος: see v. 2.
πατριῶνof ancestral familiesGenitivegenitive (defining οἴκους)→ relational specificationπατριά: see v. 2; the closing κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν echoes v. 2 and v. 32, framing the whole chapter as an inclusio of ordered, ancestral obedience.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with πατριῶν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with πατριῶν).