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The Book of Numbers, Chapter 28ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ ΚΗ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Numbers 28 opens the festal-offering appendix (chs. 28–29) that fixes the calendar of public, communal sacrifices to be presented 'in their appointed times' (ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς μου, v.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Numbers 28 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Numbers 28 opens the festal-offering appendix (chs. 28–29) that fixes the calendar of public, communal sacrifices to be presented 'in their appointed times' (ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς μου, v. 2). After the commissioning frame (vv. 1–2), the chapter legislates a graduated cycle of obligatory offerings: the daily continual burnt offering (ἡ ὁλοκαύτωσις ἡ διὰ παντός / ὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ) of two yearling lambs morning and evening, with fine flour, oil, and a drink offering (vv. 3–8); the doubled Sabbath offering (vv. 9–10); the new-moon offering of two bulls, a ram, and seven lambs (vv. 11–15); the Passover and the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (vv. 16–25); and the Feast of Weeks / day of firstfruits (vv. 26–31). The chapter is built from recurring liturgical formulae: the tally of animals (μόσχοι ἐκ βοῶν, κριός, ἀμνοὶ ἐνιαύσιοι), the graduated grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil (σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ) measured in tenths of an ephah (δέκατα), the drink offering (σπονδή) measured in fractions of a hin (ιν), and the sin-offering goat (χίμαρος ἐξ αἰγῶν περὶ ἁμαρτίας). The signature vocabulary is the noun ἐνδελεχισμός ('continuance / perpetuity') and the adverb ἐνδελεχῶς, which render Hebrew תָּמִיד ('continual') and define the tamid as the unbroken baseline upon which (ἐπί / πλήν) every festal offering is superadded. The whole is οriented toward the refrain ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας ('an aroma of sweet savor'), the LXX's rendering of רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, marking the offerings as acceptable and pleasing to the LORD. The transliterated cult-measures οιφι (ephah) and ιν (hin) are carried over untranslated as indeclinable Hebraisms. This festal-offering legislation, with its endlessly repeated daily, weekly, monthly, and annual sacrifices, is precisely the cultic system that Hebrews 10:1–4 characterizes as 'a shadow of the good things to come' whose repetition could never perfect the worshipers.

1

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

New divine speech-act (commissioning formula introducing the festal-offering legislation)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the standard LXX introduction to fresh YHWH-speech and recurs at every major legislative juncture in Numbers; here it opens the festal-offering appendix (chs. 28–29). The participle λέγων is a Hebraizing redundancy rendering לֵאמֹר, marking the transition to direct speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the paratactic narrative connective rendering Hebrew waw-consecutive; it links this commission to the preceding legislation, presenting the festal calendar as the next item in the Sinai/wilderness instruction.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel); the aorist ἐλάλησεν introduces direct YHWH-speech; the full formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the most frequent legislative incipit in Numbers (cf. 1:1; 5:1; 6:1; 15:1).
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject of the speech-formula marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech delivered through Moses to Israel.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first/third-declension hybrid in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, acc. Μωυσῆν); accusative here as the directional object of πρός, Moses being the mediator of the offering-legislation.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (speech-introducing, agreeing with κύριος)→ Hebraizing redundant participle (rendering לֵאמֹר, marking onset of direct speech)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγων redundantly introduces the quoted speech, calquing the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר ('to say' = quotation marker); a pervasive LXX Hebraism with no independent semantic weight beyond signalling the start of direct discourse.
2

ἔντειλαι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτοὺς λέγων τὰ δῶρά μου δόματά μου καρπώματά μου εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας διατηρήσετε προσφέρειν ἐμοὶ ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς μου

Charge the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them, saying: My gifts, my offerings, my fruit-offerings for an aroma of sweet savor you shall take care to present to me in my appointed feasts.

Divine commission (content of the speech introduced in v. 1)ἔντειλαι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ
The aorist imperative ἔντειλαι ('charge / command') opens the substance of the legislation; the heaped triad τὰ δῶρά μου, δόματά μου, καρπώματά μου (each with the possessive μου) underscores YHWH's personal ownership of the offerings. The governing verb διατηρήσετε ('you shall take care / keep watch') frames the whole festal calendar as a standing obligation, and ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς μου sets the controlling principle: each offering at its appointed time.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ἔντειλαιcommand / chargeAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (commissioned charge: give this command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge / give orders'; renders צִוָּה (Piel); the deponent aorist imperative ἔντειλαι frames the festal legislation as an authoritative charge Moses is to lay upon Israel (cf. the same verb at Exod 7:2; Num 27:19).
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object of ἔντειλαι (recipients of the charge)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the phrase οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ renders בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל ('sons / children of Israel'), the standard LXX designation of the covenant nation as the addressee of the cultic legislation.
ΙσραηλIsraelindeclinable proper noun (genitive of relationship: 'of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here functioning as a genitive qualifying υἱοῖς ('the sons of Israel').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγω (εἶπον/ἐρῶ)main verb (future with imperatival force)→ imperatival future (volitive: 'you are to say')λέγω (fut. ἐρῶ): 'say / speak'; the future ἐρεῖς has imperatival force (a Hebraism rendering the waw-consecutive perfect וְאָמַרְתָּ), continuing the command begun by ἔντειλαι; the future-for-imperative is standard in LXX legislative speech.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the sons of Israel)→ participant referenceαὐτός: third-person pronoun; the accusative αὐτούς refers back to the υἱοὶ Ισραηλ as the recipients of the proclaimed legislation.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (speech-introducing, agreeing with the subject of ἐρεῖς)→ Hebraizing redundant participle (quotation marker rendering לֵאמֹר)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): redundant λέγων marking the onset of the quoted divine words, calquing לֵאמֹר; the double layering (ἐρεῖς … λέγων) is characteristic Hebraistic LXX style.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with δῶρά)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶράgiftsAccusativedirect object of διατηρήσετε … προσφέρειν (first term of the triad)→ object specificationδῶρον: 'gift / present / offering'; renders קָרְבָּן ('that brought near') in cultic contexts; the first member of the triad δῶρα / δόματα / καρπώματα, all qualified by μου, asserting these are the LORD's own offerings due to him.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with δῶρά)→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. μου): the possessive 'my' marks the offerings as YHWH's personal due; the threefold repetition of μου across the triad is emphatic, stressing divine ownership of the sacrificial system.
δόματάofferings / things givenAccusativedirect object (second term of the triad, in apposition)→ object specificationδόμα: 'gift / thing given'; cognate with δίδωμι; renders the same cultic-offering vocabulary; the near-synonym pile-up (δῶρα / δόματα / καρπώματα) renders a Hebrew construct chain (קָרְבָּנִי לַחְמִי) and intensifies the sense of obligatory presentation.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with δόματά)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with δόματά).
καρπώματάfruit-offeringsAccusativedirect object (third term of the triad, in apposition)→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'burnt offering / fruit-offering' (from καρπός 'fruit / produce'); a distinctively LXX cultic term rendering אִשֶּׁה ('offering made by fire') or קָרְבָּן; the third and climactic member of the triad, specifying offerings consumed by fire and ascending as an aroma.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with καρπώματά)→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with καρπώματά).
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (purpose/result: 'for an aroma')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: here marking purpose/destination; εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας is the recurring liturgical refrain (vv. 6, 8, 24, 27) defining the goal of the offering as a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
ὀσμὴνaroma / smellAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: 'for an aroma')→ object specificationὀσμή: 'smell / odor / fragrance'; renders Hebrew רֵיחַ ('scent'); part of the fixed phrase ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας ('aroma of sweet savor'), the LXX's standard rendering of רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, denoting a sacrifice accepted with divine pleasure.
εὐωδίαςof sweet savorGenitiveattributive genitive (qualifying ὀσμήν: 'aroma of fragrance')→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell' (εὖ + ὄζω); the genitive of quality renders the Hebrew נִיחֹחַ ('soothing / restful'); the whole phrase ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας marks the offering as pleasing and acceptable; the NT applies it to Christ's self-offering (Eph 5:2) and to Christian gifts (Phil 4:18).
διατηρήσετεyou shall take care / observeFut Act Indic 2 Pl · διατηρέωmain verb (governing the infinitive προσφέρειν)→ imperatival future (volitive: 'you are to take care to')διατηρέω: 'keep carefully / observe / guard'; the compound δια- intensifies τηρέω, rendering שָׁמַר ('keep / guard'); the future with imperatival force makes the offering of these sacrifices a standing, carefully-observed obligation; it governs the complementary infinitive προσφέρειν.
προσφέρεινto present / offerPres Act Inf · προσφέρωcomplementary infinitive (object of διατηρήσετε)→ present infinitive (durative/customary offering)προσφέρω: 'bring to / present / offer'; the standard LXX verb for presenting sacrifices (rendering הִקְרִיב); the present infinitive expresses the ongoing, repeated character of the offering; this verb dominates the cultic legislation of Leviticus–Numbers and is taken up programmatically in Hebrews 5–10.
ἐμοὶto meDativedative indirect object of προσφέρειν (the recipient: YHWH)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. ἐμοί): the emphatic dative 'to me' reinforces that the offerings are presented directly to YHWH himself; the personal pronoun keeps the divine first-person voice prominent throughout the commission.
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (temporal: 'in/at the feasts')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'in/at the feasts').
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with ἑορταῖς)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑορταῖςfeasts / appointed timesDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'at my appointed feasts')→ sphere or referenceἑορτή: 'feast / festival / appointed time'; renders מוֹעֵד ('appointed time') and חַג ('feast'); ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς μου ('at my appointed feasts') is the organizing principle of the whole chapter — each offering at its divinely fixed time, the basis of the sacred calendar of chs. 28–29.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession (with ἑορταῖς)→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. μου): 'my'; the feasts belong to YHWH ('my appointed feasts'), underscoring that the sacred calendar is divinely instituted, not a human convention.
3

καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς ταῦτα τὰ καρπώματα ὅσα προσάξετε κυρίῳ ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἀμώμους δύο τὴν ἡμέραν εἰς ὁλοκαύτωσιν ἐνδελεχῶς

And you shall say to them: These are the fruit-offerings which you shall bring to the LORD — two unblemished yearling lambs a day, for a continual whole burnt offering.

Continuation of commission: specification of the daily offering beginsκαὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς
The renewed ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς resumes the proclamation formula and introduces the concrete tariff. ταῦτα τὰ καρπώματα ὅσα προσάξετε heads the whole catalogue. The core specification — ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἀμώμους δύο τὴν ἡμέραν — establishes the daily tamid, and ἐνδελεχῶς ('continually') names its defining quality of unbroken perpetuity.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγω (ἐρῶ)main verb (future with imperatival force)→ imperatival future (volitive: 'you are to say')λέγω (fut. ἐρῶ): the resumed future ἐρεῖς (cf. v. 2) reintroduces the proclamation, now moving from the general principle to the specific offering-tariff; imperatival future rendering the waw-consecutive perfect.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the sons of Israel)→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative object of πρός (the sons of Israel).
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (predicate: 'these are the fruit-offerings')→ participant referenceοὗτος: the demonstrative ταῦτα (neuter pl.) heads the catalogue of offerings, pointing forward to the entire tariff that follows; 'these are the κάρπωματα' functions as a heading for the whole legislative list.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with καρπώματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρπώματαfruit-offeringsNominativepredicate nominative (subject complement of ταῦτα)→ participant prominenceκάρπωμα: 'fire-offering / fruit-offering'; here naming the whole class of sacrifices catalogued in the chapter; the antecedent of the relative ὅσα that follows.
ὅσαwhich / as many asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of προσάξετε, antecedent καρπώματα)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the relative ὅσα ('whatsoever') introduces the relative clause defining the offerings to be brought; quantitative relative rendering אֲשֶׁר.
προσάξετεyou shall bring / offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · προσάγωverb of relative clause (with object ὅσα)→ predictive/imperatival future (standing obligation to offer)προσάγω: 'bring to / bring near / present'; renders הִקְרִיב ('bring near'); the standard sacrificial verb (alongside προσφέρω); the future προσάξετε expresses the people's continuing duty to present these offerings; recurs through the chapter (vv. 11, 19, 27).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative indirect object of προσάξετε (recipient: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the anarthrous dative κυρίῳ ('to the LORD') is the recurring recipient-marker throughout the chapter, identifying every offering as directed to YHWH.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to καρπώματα (specifying the daily offering)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; renders כֶּבֶשׂ; the lamb is the core animal of the daily tamid; the accusative ἀμνούς stands in apposition to the offerings, specifying their identity and number.
ἐνιαυσίουςa year old / yearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς: 'yearling lambs')→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old / yearling' (from ἐνιαυτός 'year'); renders בֶּן־שָׁנָה ('son of a year'); the yearling age is the prescribed standard for the lamb of the continual offering and the festal sacrifices.
ἀμώμουςunblemishedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς: 'without blemish')→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'without blemish / unblemished / spotless' (ἀ- + μῶμος 'blemish'); renders תָּמִים ('whole / perfect'); the cultic requirement of physical perfection in the victim; theologically pregnant — applied to Christ as the spotless lamb (1 Pet 1:19; Heb 9:14).
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying ἀμνούς: 'two lambs')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the indeclinable cardinal here gives the daily quota — two lambs, one for morning and one for evening (specified in v. 4).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἡμέραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανa dayAccusativeaccusative of extent/distribution ('per day, each day')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative τὴν ἡμέραν is distributive ('a day / each day / daily'), rendering לַיּוֹם; it fixes the offering as a daily duty, the foundation of the perpetual cult.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for a burnt offering')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for a burnt offering').
ὁλοκαύτωσινwhole burnt offeringAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: the type of sacrifice)→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt offering' (ὅλος 'whole' + καίω 'burn'); renders עֹלָה; the act/process noun (alongside ὁλοκαύτωμα, the result noun) for the sacrifice wholly consumed by fire on the altar, of which nothing is eaten; the central offering of the chapter.
ἐνδελεχῶςcontinually / perpetuallyadverb of manner (modifying the offering: 'offered continually')→ clausal contributionἐνδελεχῶς: 'continually / perpetually / without interruption'; renders Hebrew תָּמִיד ('continual'); the signature adverb of the chapter, naming the unbroken regularity of the daily tamid; cognate with the noun ἐνδελεχισμός ('perpetuity', vv. 6, 23) that recurs as the technical term for the perpetual offering.
4

τὸν ἀμνὸν τὸν ἕνα ποιήσεις τὸ πρωὶ καὶ τὸν ἀμνὸν τὸν δεύτερον ποιήσεις τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν

The one lamb you shall offer in the morning, and the second lamb you shall offer toward evening.

Specification: the two daily lambs distributed morning and eveningτὸν ἀμνὸν τὸν ἕνα ποιήσεις
The verse distributes the two lambs of v. 3 across the day in a balanced antithesis: τὸ πρωί ('in the morning') versus τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν ('toward evening'), framing the daily cult as bookending the whole day. The verb ποιήσεις ('you shall make/offer') is the technical idiom for performing a sacrifice (rendering עָשָׂה of cultic action).
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀμνόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνὸνlambAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις (the first lamb)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; here the morning lamb of the daily tamid; the articular τὸν ἀμνὸν τὸν ἕνα ('the one lamb') singles out the first of the pair.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἕνα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕναone / firstAccusativenumeral in attributive position (τὸν ἕνα: 'the one/first')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the articular τὸν ἕνα ('the one') functions as an ordinal here ('the first'), paired antithetically with τὸν δεύτερον ('the second') below — a Hebraizing way of distributing 'the one ... the other.'
ποιήσειςyou shall offer / makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (cultic 'perform the sacrifice')→ imperatival future (standing cultic prescription)ποιέω: 'do / make'; in cultic contexts 'offer / perform (a sacrifice)', rendering עָשָׂה ('do / prepare') used of preparing an offering; the future ποιήσεις with imperatival force prescribes the priestly act; recurs throughout the chapter (vv. 5, 8, 21, 24).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with adverbial πρωί: 'in the morning')→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωὶmorningadverb of time, articular (τὸ πρωί: 'in the morning')→ clausal contributionπρωί: 'early / in the morning'; an indeclinable adverb here substantivized by the neuter article (τὸ πρωί, 'the morning [time]'), rendering בַּבֹּקֶר; it fixes the first lamb at dawn, opening the daily cult.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (antithetical pairing)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀμνόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνὸνlambAccusativedirect object of the second ποιήσεις (the evening lamb)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; the second lamb of the daily pair, offered toward evening.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with δεύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeordinal adjective in attributive position (τὸν δεύτερον: 'the second')→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; the ordinal τὸν δεύτερον ('the second') is paired antithetically with τὸν ἕνα ('the one/first'), completing the morning–evening distribution of the two lambs.
ποιήσειςyou shall offer / makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (cultic 'perform the sacrifice')→ imperatival future (standing cultic prescription)ποιέω: the repeated ποιήσεις balances the two halves of the verse, prescribing the evening offering in symmetry with the morning.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with adverbial phrase πρὸς ἑσπέραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (temporal: 'toward evening')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: here temporal, 'toward / about'; the articular phrase τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν ('the toward-evening [time]') renders בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם ('between the two evenings'), the prescribed time for the second lamb.
ἑσπέρανeveningAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (temporal: 'evening')→ object specificationἑσπέρα: 'evening'; the accusative with πρός marks the time of the second daily offering; the morning–evening frame (πρωί … ἑσπέρα) brackets the entire day with sacrifice, the rhythm of the perpetual cult.
5

καὶ ποιήσεις τὸ δέκατον τοῦ οιφι σεμίδαλιν εἰς θυσίαν ἀναπεποιημένην ἐν ἐλαίῳ ἐν τετάρτῳ τοῦ ιν

And you shall offer a tenth of the ephah of fine flour for a grain offering, mixed with oil, with a quarter of the hin.

Specification: the grain offering accompanying each lambκαὶ ποιήσεις τὸ δέκατον
Each lamb of the tamid is accompanied by a fixed grain offering (θυσία): a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a quarter-hin of oil. The transliterated measures οιφι (ephah) and ιν (hin) are carried over from Hebrew untranslated. σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ ('fine flour mixed with oil') is the recurring formula for the cereal offering throughout the chapter.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσειςyou shall offer / makeFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (cultic 'prepare the offering')→ imperatival future (standing cultic prescription)ποιέω: 'make / prepare (an offering)'; here of preparing the accompanying grain offering; the future prescribes the priestly act of combining flour and oil for the cereal portion.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with substantivized ordinal δέκατον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δέκατονa tenthAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (direct object: 'a tenth [part]')→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; substantivized τὸ δέκατον ('a tenth part') renders עִשָּׂרוֹן ('a tenth of an ephah'), the standard measure of the grain offering; the 'tenth' (δέκατον / δέκατα) is the recurring unit of the cereal offerings throughout the chapter.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with οιφι)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οιφιephahindeclinable transliterated measure (genitive: 'of the ephah')→ clausal contributionοιφι: transliteration of Hebrew אֵיפָה ('ephah', a dry measure of roughly 22 liters); indeclinable in the LXX; 'a tenth of the ephah' is the omer-portion of fine flour for each lamb's grain offering.
σεμίδαλινfine flourAccusativeaccusative in apposition to τὸ δέκατον (the substance of the tenth)→ object specificationσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour / semolina'; renders סֹלֶת ('fine flour'); the prescribed material of the cereal offering, of superior quality; recurs throughout the chapter as the base of every grain offering.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for a grain offering')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for a grain offering').
θυσίανgrain offering / sacrificeAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: the type of offering)→ object specificationθυσία: 'sacrifice / offering'; here specifically the cereal/grain offering (rendering מִנְחָה, the gift of flour and oil accompanying the burnt offering); θυσία in this chapter denotes the grain accompaniment, distinct from the animal ὁλοκαύτωμα; the term is central to Hebrews' contrast of sacrifices (Heb 10:5, citing Ps 40).
ἀναπεποιημένηνmixed / preparedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Acc Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμίδαλιν/θυσίαν: 'flour kneaded with oil')→ perfect passive participle (resultant state: thoroughly mixed)ἀναποιέω: 'work up / knead / mix thoroughly'; the perfect passive participle denotes the completed, resultant state of the flour having been kneaded together with oil (rendering בְּלוּלָה בַּשֶּׁמֶן, 'mingled with oil'); the standard LXX formula σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ recurs throughout the chapter.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrument/means: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrument/means: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἀναπεποιημένην: 'kneaded with oil')→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; the oil mingled with the fine flour constitutes the grain offering; olive oil also fuels the lampstand and is part of the priestly anointing, a pervasive cultic material.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (measure: 'with a quarter')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (measure: 'with a quarter').
τετάρτῳa fourth / quarterDativesubstantivized ordinal (dative of measure: 'a quarter [of a hin]')→ sphere or referenceτέταρτος: 'fourth'; substantivized 'a quarter'; ἐν τετάρτῳ τοῦ ιν ('with a quarter of the hin') gives the quantity of oil — a quarter-hin per lamb (rendering רְבִיעִת הַהִין).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ινhinindeclinable transliterated measure (genitive: 'of the hin')→ clausal contributionιν: transliteration of Hebrew הִין ('hin', a liquid measure of roughly 3.5–4 liters); indeclinable in the LXX; the hin is the standard unit for the oil and wine of the drink offering, divided into quarters, thirds, and halves through the chapter.
6

ὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ ἡ γενομένη ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σινα εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ

It is a continual whole burnt offering, the one instituted on Mount Sinai, for an aroma of sweet savor to the LORD.

Summary identification of the daily offering as the perpetual tamidὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ
A verbless predication identifying the whole rite: ὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ ('a burnt offering of perpetuity') is the technical designation of the tamid. The relative clause ἡ γενομένη ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σινα roots this perpetual offering in the Sinai institution, and the refrain εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ closes the unit. The feminine relative ἡ … γενομένη agrees with an implied ὁλοκαύτωσις/θυσία rather than the neuter ὁλοκαύτωμα — a constructio ad sensum.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt offeringNominativepredicate nominative (verbless clause: 'it is a burnt offering')→ participant prominenceὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering' (the result-noun beside the act-noun ὁλοκαύτωσις); renders עֹלָה; the sacrifice wholly consumed by fire; here in the defining phrase ὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ, the technical name of the perpetual daily offering.
ἐνδελεχισμοῦof perpetuity / continuanceGenitiveattributive/qualitative genitive (defining ὁλοκαύτωμα: 'of perpetuity')→ relational specificationἐνδελεχισμός: 'continuance / perpetuity / unbroken regularity'; a distinctively LXX cultic noun rendering Hebrew תָּמִיד ('continual'); the genitive of quality ὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ ('a burnt offering of perpetuity') is the technical term for the tamid; the signature lexeme of the chapter (cf. v. 23), naming the unbroken daily baseline of the cult.
ἡthe (one)Nominativearticle (with attributive participle γενομένη)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: the feminine article agreeing with the participle γενομένη; the gender (fem.) reflects an implied feminine antecedent (ὁλοκαύτωσις / θυσία) rather than the neuter ὁλοκαύτωμα — a constructio ad sensum.
γενομένηmade / institutedAor Mid Ptcp Nom Fem Sg · γίνομαιsubstantival/attributive participle ('the one that was instituted')→ aorist participle (completed past institution at Sinai)γίνομαι (aor. ptcp.): 'come to be / be made / be instituted'; the articular participle ἡ γενομένη ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σινα ('the one established on Mount Sinai') ties the perpetual offering to its foundational institution in the Sinai legislation (Exod 29:38–42), giving the tamid its constitutional anchor.
ἐνon / inpreposition + dative (locative: 'on the mountain')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'on the mountain').
τῷtheDativearticle (with ὄρει)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρειmountainDativedative of place (with ἐν: 'on the mountain')→ sphere or referenceὄρος: 'mountain'; renders הַר; ἐν τῷ ὄρει Σινα ('on Mount Sinai') locates the institution of the perpetual offering at the foundational covenant site, lending it the authority of the original Sinai revelation.
ΣιναSinaiindeclinable proper noun (in apposition to ὄρει: 'Mount Sinai')→ participant identificationΣινα: transliteration of Hebrew סִינַי; indeclinable in the LXX; the mountain of the covenant and the giving of the law, here named as the place where the perpetual offering was first ordained.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for an aroma')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for an aroma').
ὀσμὴνaroma / smellAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: 'for an aroma')→ object specificationὀσμή: 'smell / fragrance'; part of the recurring refrain ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας ('aroma of sweet savor') rendering רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ, marking the offering as accepted by the LORD.
εὐωδίαςof sweet savorGenitiveattributive genitive (qualifying ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell'; the genitive of quality completing the fixed phrase ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας; renders נִיחֹחַ ('soothing').
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient of the aroma: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative κυρίῳ identifies YHWH as the one to whom the pleasing aroma ascends, closing the refrain ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας κυρίῳ.
7

καὶ σπονδὴν αὐτοῦ τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ιν τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνί ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ σπείσεις σπονδὴν σικερα κυρίῳ

And its drink offering, a quarter of the hin for the one lamb; in the holy place you shall pour out a drink offering of strong drink to the LORD.

Specification: the drink offering accompanying each lambκαὶ σπονδὴν αὐτοῦ
The third accompaniment of each lamb is the σπονδή ('libation / drink offering'), a quarter-hin poured out in the sanctuary. The verb σπείσεις ('you shall pour out') with cognate object σπονδήν (a figura etymologica) intensifies the ritual act; σικερα ('strong drink') names the liquid. ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ ('in the holy place') localizes the libation at the altar within the sanctuary.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπονδὴνdrink offering / libationAccusativeaccusative (in apposition / object: 'its drink offering')→ object specificationσπονδή: 'drink offering / libation'; renders נֶסֶךְ ('poured offering'); the wine or strong drink poured out beside the altar to accompany the burnt offering; the signature term for the third accompaniment of the sacrifice, recurring throughout the chapter; Paul takes it up metaphorically of his own life poured out (Phil 2:17; 2 Tim 4:6).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with σπονδήν: 'its [the lamb's] drink offering')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. αὐτοῦ): 'its'; refers back to the lamb (ἀμνός); each animal has its own proportioned drink offering, here a quarter-hin.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with substantivized ordinal τέταρτον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέταρτονa fourth / quarterAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (in apposition to σπονδήν: 'a quarter [of a hin]')→ object specificationτέταρτος: 'fourth'; τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ιν ('a quarter of the hin') quantifies the libation per lamb, matching the quarter-hin of oil in v. 5.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ινhinindeclinable transliterated measure (genitive: 'of the hin')→ clausal contributionιν: transliteration of Hebrew הִין; indeclinable; here measuring the drink offering at a quarter-hin per lamb.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνῷlambDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for each one lamb')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: 'lamb'; the dative τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνί ('for the one lamb') is distributive, assigning the quarter-hin libation to each individual lamb of the daily pair.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίone / eachDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'the one / each single')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the distributive τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνί ('for each single lamb') is a recurring formula in the chapter assigning a proportion 'to the one' animal of each kind (cf. vv. 12–14, 21, 29).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the holy place')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the holy place').
τῷtheDativearticle (with substantivized adjective ἁγίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγίῳholy place / sanctuaryDativesubstantivized adjective (dative of place: 'in the holy place')→ sphere or referenceἅγιος: 'holy'; substantivized τὸ ἅγιον ('the holy place / sanctuary'), rendering קֹדֶשׁ; ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ specifies that the libation is to be poured out within the consecrated precinct, at the altar, not in any ordinary place.
σπείσειςyou shall pour outFut Act Indic 2 Sg · σπένδωmain verb (with cognate object σπονδήν)→ imperatival future (standing cultic prescription)σπένδω: 'pour out (a libation)'; renders נָסַךְ ('pour out'); the verb cognate with σπονδή, forming a figura etymologica (σπείσεις σπονδήν, 'you shall pour a poured-offering'), a Hebraizing intensification; the future has imperatival force.
σπονδὴνa drink offeringAccusativecognate accusative (direct object of σπείσεις: figura etymologica)→ object specificationσπονδή: 'libation / drink offering'; the cognate accusative with σπείσεις (σπείσεις σπονδήν) intensifies the act of pouring; the libation here is qualified as σικερα (strong drink).
σικεραstrong drinkindeclinable noun in apposition to σπονδήν (the substance of the libation)→ clausal contributionσικερα: transliteration of Hebrew שֵׁכָר ('strong/fermented drink, intoxicant'); indeclinable in the LXX; here naming the liquid of the libation; the same loanword underlies the angel's word concerning John the Baptist (οἶνον καὶ σικερα οὐ μὴ πίῃ, Luke 1:15).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient of the libation: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the drink offering, like the burnt offering, is poured out 'to the LORD.'
8

καὶ τὸν ἀμνὸν τὸν δεύτερον ποιήσεις τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν κατὰ τὴν θυσίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ κατὰ τὴν σπονδὴν αὐτοῦ ποιήσετε εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ

And the second lamb you shall offer toward evening; according to its grain offering and according to its drink offering you shall offer it, for an aroma of sweet savor to the LORD.

Recapitulation: the evening lamb with matching grain and drink offeringsκαὶ τὸν ἀμνὸν τὸν δεύτερον
The verse closes the tamid section by recapitulating the evening offering, prescribing that it match the morning rite in every accompaniment (κατὰ τὴν θυσίαν … κατὰ τὴν σπονδήν, 'according to its grain offering and its drink offering'). The shift from singular ποιήσεις to plural ποιήσετε generalizes the command to the whole priestly/congregational body. The refrain εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ seals the daily-offering unit (vv. 3–8).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀμνόν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνὸνlambAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις (the evening lamb)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; the second (evening) lamb of the daily pair, repeated from v. 4 to introduce the matching of its accompaniments.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (attributive, with δεύτερον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεύτερονsecondAccusativeordinal adjective in attributive position (τὸν δεύτερον: 'the second')→ object specificationδεύτερος: 'second'; identifies the evening lamb, echoing v. 4.
ποιήσειςyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (cultic 'perform the offering')→ imperatival future (standing cultic prescription)ποιέω: 'offer / prepare (a sacrifice)'; the singular ποιήσεις prescribes the evening offering, balancing the morning rite of v. 4.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with adverbial phrase πρὸς ἑσπέραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (temporal: 'toward evening')→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: temporal 'toward'; τὸ πρὸς ἑσπέραν ('toward evening') repeats the time-marker of v. 4 for the second lamb.
ἑσπέρανeveningAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (temporal)→ object specificationἑσπέρα: 'evening'; the time of the second daily offering.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/standard: 'according to')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / corresponding to'; κατὰ τὴν θυσίαν … κατὰ τὴν σπονδήν prescribes that the evening accompaniments exactly match those of the morning, the standard of correspondence governing the whole cult.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θυσίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίανgrain offeringAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the grain accompaniment)→ object specificationθυσία: here the cereal/grain offering (rendering מִנְחָה) accompanying the evening lamb, to match that of the morning (v. 5).
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with θυσίαν: 'its grain offering')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): 'its'; referring to the evening lamb's proper grain offering.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/standard, repeated)→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (norm/standard, repeated).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σπονδήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὴνdrink offeringAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the libation accompaniment)→ object specificationσπονδή: 'drink offering'; the evening libation to match that of the morning (v. 7), completing the symmetry of the daily rite.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with σπονδήν: 'its drink offering')→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (with σπονδήν: 'its drink offering').
ποιήσετεyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (plural: generalizing the command)→ imperatival future (standing congregational prescription)ποιέω: the shift to the plural ποιήσετε ('you [all] shall offer') broadens the prescription from the individual addressee to the whole congregation/priesthood, generalizing the daily rite as Israel's standing duty.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for an aroma')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for an aroma').
ὀσμὴνaromaAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: 'fragrance'; closing the daily-offering unit with the refrain ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας.
εὐωδίαςof sweet savorGenitiveattributive genitive (qualifying ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell'; completing the fixed phrase ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the daily offering ascends 'to the LORD,' sealing the tamid legislation.
9

καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων προσάξετε δύο ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἀμώμους καὶ δύο δέκατα σεμιδάλεως ἀναπεποιημένης ἐν ἐλαίῳ εἰς θυσίαν καὶ σπονδὴν

And on the day of the sabbaths you shall offer two unblemished yearling lambs and two tenths of fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering, and a drink offering;

New unit: the Sabbath offering (added to the daily tamid)καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων
The temporal dative τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων ('on the sabbath day') opens the second tier of the calendar. The Sabbath adds two more yearling lambs with a doubled grain offering (δύο δέκατα) and a drink offering. The structure mirrors the daily rite but doubles the quota, marking the Sabbath's heightened sanctity.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (new section)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇthe / on theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (with τῶν σαββάτων: 'on the sabbath day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the dative of time τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων ('on the day of the sabbaths') fixes the weekly offering; the genitive plural σαββάτων may render the Aramaizing plural form for the single Sabbath.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with σαββάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαββάτωνsabbathsGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἡμέρᾳ: 'the day of the sabbaths')→ relational specificationσάββατον: 'sabbath / rest'; transliteration of Hebrew שַׁבָּת via Aramaic; the genitive plural σαββάτων is often used in the LXX (and NT) for the single Sabbath day (cf. Luke 4:16); here 'the day of the sabbaths' = the weekly Sabbath.
προσάξετεyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · προσάγωmain verb (with object δύο ἀμνούς)→ imperatival future (standing weekly prescription)προσάγω: 'bring near / present / offer'; the recurring sacrificial verb (cf. vv. 3, 11, 19, 27); the future προsάξετε prescribes the weekly Sabbath offering as a standing duty.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying ἀμνούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the two extra lambs of the Sabbath offering, additional to the two daily lambs of the tamid.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativedirect object of προσάξετε→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; the Sabbath animals, of the same yearling and unblemished standard as the daily lambs.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old / yearling'; renders בֶּן־שָׁנָה; the standard age requirement maintained for the Sabbath lambs.
ἀμώμουςunblemishedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'without blemish'; renders תָּמִים; the cultic perfection required of all sacrificial victims.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the doubled grain offering (two tenths) corresponds to the two Sabbath lambs.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (object: 'two tenths [of an ephah]')→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; substantivized neuter plural δέκατα ('tenths'), each = a tenth of an ephah of fine flour (עִשָּׂרוֹן); the graduated tenths-measure is the recurring unit of the grain offerings.
σεμιδάλεωςof fine flourGenitivegenitive of material/content (with δέκατα: 'tenths of fine flour')→ relational specificationσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; renders סֹלֶת; the genitive σεμιδάλεως specifies the substance measured out in tenths.
ἀναπεποιημένηςmixed / kneadedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμιδάλεως: 'flour kneaded with oil')→ perfect passive participle (resultant state of being mixed)ἀναποιέω: 'knead / mix thoroughly'; the perfect passive participle (agreeing in genitive with σεμιδάλεως) denotes flour already mingled with oil (בְּלוּלָה בַּשֶּׁמֶן); the standard formula recurs.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἀναπεποιημένης)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; mingled with the flour of the grain offering.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for a grain offering')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for a grain offering').
θυσίανgrain offeringAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationθυσία: 'grain offering' (מִנְחָה); the cereal accompaniment of the Sabbath lambs.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σπονδὴνa drink offeringAccusativeaccusative (coordinate object: 'and a drink offering')→ object specificationσπονδή: 'drink offering / libation'; the wine/strong-drink accompaniment of the Sabbath offering, named here in brief and resumed in v. 10.
10

ὁλοκαύτωμα σαββάτων ἐν τοῖς σαββάτοις ἐπὶ τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντὸς καὶ τὴν σπονδὴν αὐτοῦ

a whole burnt offering of the sabbaths on the sabbaths, in addition to the continual whole burnt offering and its drink offering.

Summary: the Sabbath offering superadded to the perpetual tamidὁλοκαύτωμα σαββάτων
The verse identifies the rite as ὁλοκαύτωμα σαββάτων ('the burnt offering of the sabbaths') and crucially specifies that it is offered ἐπὶ τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός — 'upon / in addition to the continual burnt offering.' The preposition ἐπί (here 'in addition to', alternating with πλήν in vv. 23, 31) is the structural key of the chapter: festal offerings are cumulative supplements, never substitutes for the daily tamid.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt offeringNominativenominative (verbless heading: 'this is the burnt offering')→ participant prominenceὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; renders עֹלָה; the result-noun naming the Sabbath sacrifice as a complete offering by fire.
σαββάτωνof the sabbathsGenitivegenitive of definition (with ὁλοκαύτωμα: 'the sabbath burnt offering')→ relational specificationσάββατον: 'sabbath'; the genitive σαββάτων defines the offering as belonging to the Sabbath, distinguishing it from the daily and monthly rites.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal: 'on the sabbaths')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'on the sabbaths').
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with σαββάτοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σαββάτοιςsabbathsDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'on the sabbaths')→ sphere or referenceσάββατον: 'sabbath'; the dative plural ἐν τοῖς σαββάτοις ('on the sabbaths') fixes the recurrence of the offering week by week, a permanent weekly institution.
ἐπὶin addition to / uponpreposition + genitive (addition: 'over and above')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: here 'in addition to / over and above' (rendering עַל in the sense of 'besides'); ἐπὶ τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός marks the Sabbath offering as cumulative upon the daily tamid; the structural counterpart to πλήν ('besides', vv. 23, 31).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the daily offering on which this is added)→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt offering' (the act-noun); here in the phrase ἡ ὁλοκαύτωσις ἡ διὰ παντός ('the continual whole burnt offering'), the standing designation of the daily tamid as the baseline of the cult.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with the phrase διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός: 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in the fixed phrase διὰ παντός ('through all [time] = continually / perpetually'), rendering תָּמִיד; ἡ διὰ παντός is the recurring attributive marking the perpetual daily offering (cf. vv. 15, 23, 24, 31).
παντὸςall (time)Genitivesubstantivized adjective (object of διά: 'all [time]')→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; in διὰ παντός the neuter genitive substantivizes to 'through all (time),' i.e., 'continually'; the idiom is synonymous with ἐνδελεχῶς / ἐνδελεχισμοῦ, naming the unbroken perpetuity of the tamid.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σπονδήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὴνdrink offeringAccusativeaccusative (resumptive object: 'and its drink offering')→ object specificationσπονδή: 'drink offering'; the libation belonging to the daily tamid (αὐτοῦ refers to the continual offering), here noted as continuing alongside the Sabbath addition; the shift to the accusative (from the preceding genitive construction) is a loose Hebraistic syntax.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with σπονδήν: 'its drink offering')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): 'its'; referring to the continual burnt offering, whose own libation continues alongside the added Sabbath offering.
11

καὶ ἐν ταῖς νεομηνίαις προσάξετε ὁλοκαυτώματα τῷ κυρίῳ μόσχους ἐκ βοῶν δύο καὶ κριὸν ἕνα ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἑπτὰ ἀμώμους

And at the new moons you shall offer whole burnt offerings to the LORD: two bull-calves from the herd, and one ram, seven unblemished yearling lambs;

New unit: the new-moon (monthly) offeringκαὶ ἐν ταῖς νεομηνίαις
The temporal phrase ἐν ταῖς νεομηνίαις ('at the new moons') opens the third tier — the monthly offering. The animal tariff now expands to the full festal complement: two bulls, one ram, seven lambs (μόσχους … δύο, κριὸν ἕνα, ἀμνοὺς … ἑπτά). This same triad recurs for the new moon, Unleavened Bread, and Weeks (vv. 19, 27), making it the standard festal sacrifice on top of which graduated grain and drink offerings are reckoned.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (new section)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνatpreposition + dative (temporal: 'at the new moons')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'at'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'at the new moons').
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with νεομηνίαις)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νεομηνίαιςnew moonsDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'at the new moons')→ sphere or referenceνεομηνία (νουμηνία): 'new moon / first of the month' (νέος 'new' + μήν 'month'); renders רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ / חֹדֶשׁ; the monthly festival marking the lunar new month; the offering recurs μῆνα ἐκ μηνός ('month by month', v. 14); cf. Col 2:16, where νεομηνία is named among the shadows fulfilled in Christ.
προσάξετεyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · προσάγωmain verb (with object ὁλοκαυτώματα)→ imperatival future (standing monthly prescription)προσάγω: 'bring near / present / offer'; the recurring sacrificial verb prescribing the monthly offering as a standing duty.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole burnt offeringsAccusativedirect object of προσάξετε→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; the plural ὁλοκαυτώματα names the several animals offered at the new moon, enumerated in the following accusatives.
τῷto theDativearticle (with κυρίῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative indirect object (recipient: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; here articular (τῷ κυρίῳ), the recipient of the monthly burnt offerings.
μόσχουςcalves / bullsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ὁλοκαυτώματα (the first animal class)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'calf / young bull'; renders פַּר ('bull') or עֵגֶל ('calf'); the bull is the costliest festal victim; the phrase μόσχους ἐκ βοῶν ('calves from the herd') specifies their origin among the cattle.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the herd')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the herd').
βοῶνof cattle / oxenGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ: 'from the herd of oxen')→ relational specificationβοῦς: 'ox / head of cattle'; the genitive plural ἐκ βοῶν ('from the cattle/herd') renders בְּנֵי בָקָר ('sons of the herd'); the bulls are taken from the larger cattle stock.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying μόσχους: 'two bulls')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the bull-quota of the standard festal offering (cf. vv. 19, 27).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κριὸνramAccusativeaccusative (second animal class: 'one ram')→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; renders אַיִל; the ram is the intermediate festal victim between bull and lamb; one ram is standard in the festal triad.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying κριόν: 'one ram')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single ram of the festal offering.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third animal class: 'seven lambs')→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; seven lambs complete the festal triad of bull(s), ram, and lambs.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old / yearling'; the standard age of the festal lambs.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (modifying ἀμνούς: 'seven lambs')→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the lamb-quota of the festal offering; the number seven carries connotations of completeness in the cultic calendar.
ἀμώμουςunblemishedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς / all the victims)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'without blemish'; renders תָּמִים; the requirement of physical perfection applies to every animal in the festal offering.
12

τρία δέκατα σεμιδάλεως ἀναπεποιημένης ἐν ἐλαίῳ τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ δύο δέκατα σεμιδάλεως ἀναπεποιημένης ἐν ἐλαίῳ τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνί

three tenths of fine flour mixed with oil for each one bull, and two tenths of fine flour mixed with oil for the one ram,

Specification: graduated grain offerings for bull and ramτρία δέκατα σεμιδάλεως
The grain offering is graduated by the size of the animal: three tenths of an ephah per bull, two tenths per ram (and, in v. 13, one tenth per lamb). The repeated formula σεμιδάλεως ἀναπεποιημένης ἐν ἐλαίῳ ('of fine flour mixed with oil') and the distributive τῷ … τῷ ἑνί ('for each single …') structure the whole graduated reckoning.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
τρίαthreeAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα: 'three tenths')→ measure or countτρεῖς, τρία: 'three'; the largest grain-portion, assigned to the bull as the largest victim; the graduated scale three/two/one matches bull/ram/lamb.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (object: 'three tenths [of an ephah]')→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; the neuter plural δέκατα ('tenths') measures the flour in tenths of an ephah (עִשָּׂרוֹן), graduated by animal.
σεμιδάλεωςof fine flourGenitivegenitive of content (with δέκατα)→ relational specificationσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; renders סֹלֶת; the genitive specifies the substance of the tenths.
ἀναπεποιημένηςmixed / kneadedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμιδάλεως)→ perfect passive participle (resultant state of being mixed)ἀναποιέω: 'knead / mix thoroughly'; the perfect passive participle in the recurring formula σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἀναπεποιημένης)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; the oil mingled with the flour of the bull's grain offering.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with μόσχῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχῳbullDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for each bull')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: 'calf / bull'; the dative τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνί ('for the one bull') distributes three tenths to each individual bull.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶone / eachDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'each single')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the distributive τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνί ('for each single bull') reckons the grain offering per individual animal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα: 'two tenths')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the ram's grain-portion, two tenths — one less than the bull's, one more than the lamb's.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (object: 'two tenths')→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; two tenths of an ephah for the ram.
σεμιδάλεωςof fine flourGenitivegenitive of content (with δέκατα)→ relational specificationσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; the substance of the ram's grain offering.
ἀναπεποιημένηςmixed / kneadedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμιδάλεως)→ perfect passive participle (resultant state of being mixed)ἀναποιέω: 'knead / mix thoroughly'; the recurring formula repeated for the ram's portion.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἀναπεποιημένης)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; mingled with the flour of the ram's grain offering.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with κριῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριῷramDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for the one ram')→ sphere or referenceκριός: 'ram'; the dative τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνί ('for the one ram') assigns two tenths to the single ram.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίoneDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'the one')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single ram receiving its proportioned grain offering.
13

δέκατον σεμιδάλεως ἀναπεποιημένης ἐν ἐλαίῳ τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνί θυσίαν ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κάρπωμα κυρίῳ

a tenth of fine flour mixed with oil for each one lamb, a grain offering, an aroma of sweet savor, a fruit-offering to the LORD.

Specification: grain offering for each lamb; summary of the new-moon cereal offeringδέκατον σεμιδάλεως
The graduated scale concludes with one tenth per lamb. The closing apposition θυσίαν ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κάρπωμα κυρίῳ heaps together the key cultic terms — grain offering, aroma of sweet savor, fire-offering — summing up the whole monthly cereal offering as pleasing to the LORD.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
δέκατονa tenthAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (object: 'a tenth [of an ephah]')→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; the smallest grain-portion, one tenth of an ephah per lamb, completing the graduated scale three/two/one (bull/ram/lamb).
σεμιδάλεωςof fine flourGenitivegenitive of content (with δέκατον)→ relational specificationσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; the substance of the lamb's grain offering.
ἀναπεποιημένηςmixed / kneadedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Gen Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμιδάλεως)→ perfect passive participle (resultant state of being mixed)ἀναποιέω: 'knead / mix thoroughly'; the recurring formula repeated for the lamb's portion.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἀναπεποιημένης)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; mingled with the flour of the lamb's grain offering.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνῷlambDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for each lamb')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: 'lamb'; the dative τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνί ('for each single lamb') assigns one tenth to each of the seven lambs.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίone / eachDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'each single')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the distributive 'for each single lamb.'
θυσίανa grain offeringAccusativeaccusative in apposition (summing the cereal offering)→ object specificationθυσία: 'grain offering' (מִנְחָה); here in apposition, naming the whole as a cereal offering before the closing refrain.
ὀσμὴνan aromaAccusativeaccusative in apposition (refrain: 'an aroma of sweet savor')→ object specificationὀσμή: 'fragrance'; the refrain ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας in apposition, marking the offering as pleasing to the LORD.
εὐωδίαςof sweet savorGenitiveattributive genitive (qualifying ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell'; completing the fixed phrase ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας (רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ).
κάρπωμαa fruit-offeringAccusativeaccusative in apposition (naming the offering by fire)→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'fire-offering / fruit-offering'; renders אִשֶּׁה ('offering made by fire'); the closing apposition stacks the cultic categories — grain offering, sweet aroma, fire-offering — to characterize the monthly cereal offering as wholly acceptable.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the offering is presented 'to the LORD.'
14

ἡ σπονδὴ αὐτῶν τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ ιν ἔσται τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνί καὶ τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ιν ἔσται τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνί καὶ τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ιν ἔσται τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνὶ οἴνου τοῦτο ὁλοκαύτωμα μῆνα ἐκ μηνὸς εἰς τοὺς μῆνας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ

Their drink offering shall be half of the hin for each one bull, and a third of the hin for the one ram, and a fourth of the hin for each one lamb, of wine. This is the whole burnt offering month by month, throughout the months of the year.

Specification: graduated drink offerings; closing formula of the new-moon offeringἡ σπονδὴ αὐτῶν
The drink offering too is graduated: half a hin per bull, a third per ram, a quarter per lamb, all of wine (οἴνου). The threefold ἔσται structures the proportions. The closing formula μῆνα ἐκ μηνὸς εἰς τοὺς μῆνας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ('month by month, throughout the months of the year') fixes the new-moon offering as a fixed annual rhythm of twelve recurrences.
Word-by-word analysis· 43 words
ἡtheNominativearticle (with σπονδή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὴdrink offeringNominativesubject (of the three ἔσται clauses)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'drink offering / libation'; the subject of the verse, whose graduated proportions follow; the libation accompanying the new-moon victims.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with σπονδή: 'their [the animals'] drink offering')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'their'; referring to the bulls, ram, and lambs collectively, whose drink offerings are now proportioned.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with substantivized ἥμισυ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥμισυhalfNominativesubstantivized adjective (predicate: 'half [a hin]')→ participant prominenceἥμισυς: 'half'; τὸ ἥμισυ τοῦ ιν ('half of the hin') is the largest libation, for the bull (rendering חֲצִי הַהִין); the wine-portions are graduated half/third/quarter for bull/ram/lamb.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ινhinindeclinable transliterated measure (genitive: 'of the hin')→ clausal contributionιν: transliteration of Hebrew הִין; indeclinable; here measuring the wine of the libation in graduated fractions.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predication: 'shall be for the bull')→ predictive future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be / shall be'; the future copula assigns the proportioned libation to each animal class; repeated three times for bull, ram, and lamb.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with μόσχῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχῳbullDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for each bull')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: 'bull'; the dative assigns half a hin of wine to each bull.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίone / eachDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'each single')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the distributive 'for each single bull.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with substantivized τρίτον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτονa thirdNominativesubstantivized ordinal (predicate: 'a third [of a hin]')→ participant prominenceτρίτος: 'third'; τὸ τρίτον τοῦ ιν ('a third of the hin') is the ram's libation, intermediate between the bull's half and the lamb's quarter.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ινhinindeclinable transliterated measure (genitive)→ clausal contributionιν: transliteration of Hebrew הִין; indeclinable.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predication for the ram)→ predictive future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): assigning a third-hin libation to the ram.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with κριῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριῷramDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for the ram')→ sphere or referenceκριός: 'ram'; the dative assigns a third of a hin of wine to the single ram.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίoneDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'the one')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single ram.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with substantivized τέταρτον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέταρτονa fourthNominativesubstantivized ordinal (predicate: 'a fourth [of a hin]')→ participant prominenceτέταρτος: 'fourth'; τὸ τέταρτον τοῦ ιν ('a quarter of the hin') is the lamb's libation, the smallest portion, matching the quarter-hin of the daily tamid (v. 7).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ινhinindeclinable transliterated measure (genitive)→ clausal contributionιν: transliteration of Hebrew הִין; indeclinable.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predication for the lamb)→ predictive future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): assigning a quarter-hin libation to each lamb.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνῷlambDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for each lamb')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: 'lamb'; the dative assigns a quarter-hin of wine to each lamb.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶone / eachDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'each single')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the distributive 'for each single lamb.'
οἴνουof wineGenitivegenitive of material (specifying the libation substance: 'of wine')→ relational specificationοἶνος: 'wine'; renders יַיִן; the genitive οἴνου specifies that the new-moon libation is of wine (in contrast to the σικερα 'strong drink' of the daily tamid, v. 7); placed at the end as a summary qualifier of all three proportions.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of implied copula: 'this is')→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; τοῦτο ('this [is]') sums up the foregoing as the complete monthly burnt offering, heading the closing temporal formula.
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt offeringNominativepredicate nominative (verbless: 'this is the burnt offering')→ participant prominenceὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; naming the entire monthly rite, recurring 'month by month.'
μῆναmonthAccusativeaccusative in distributive idiom (μῆνα ἐκ μηνός: 'month by month')→ object specificationμήν: 'month'; the idiom μῆνα ἐκ μηνός ('month from month' = month by month') renders חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ, expressing the recurrence of the offering at each new moon through the year.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (in the distributive idiom)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (in the distributive idiom).
μηνὸςmonthGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (distributive idiom)→ relational specificationμήν: 'month'; the genitive in μῆνα ἐκ μηνός completing the 'month by month' idiom of recurrence.
εἰςthroughout / forpreposition + accusative (extent: 'throughout the months')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'throughout'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (extent: 'throughout the months').
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with μῆνας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μῆναςmonthsAccusativeaccusative of extent (with εἰς: 'throughout the months')→ object specificationμήν: 'month'; the accusative plural εἰς τοὺς μῆνας τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ('throughout the months of the year') sets the full annual span over which the monthly offering recurs.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἐνιαυτοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνιαυτοῦyearGenitivegenitive of definition (with μῆνας: 'the months of the year')→ relational specificationἐνιαυτός: 'year'; renders שָׁנָה; the genitive τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ defines the months as the twelve of the annual cycle, closing the new-moon legislation with its yearly horizon.
15

καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας κυρίῳ ἐπὶ τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντὸς ποιηθήσεται καὶ ἡ σπονδὴ αὐτοῦ

And one he-goat from the goats for a sin offering to the LORD shall be offered, in addition to the continual whole burnt offering, with its drink offering.

Completion of the new-moon rite: the sin-offering goatκαὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα
The monthly rite is completed by a sin offering: one he-goat περὶ ἁμαρτίας ('for sin'). The passive ποιηθήσεται ('shall be offered') marks it as a required addition, and ἐπὶ τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός again subordinates the festal offering to the perpetual daily tamid. The goat περὶ ἁμαρτίας is a recurring feature of every festal offering in the chapter (vv. 22, 30).
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object of ποιηθήσεται (the sin-offering animal)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat / young goat'; renders שָׂעִיר ('hairy one / goat'); the standard animal of the sin offering accompanying each festal sacrifice; the goat περὶ ἁμαρτίας ('for sin') makes atonement alongside the burnt offerings.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the goats')→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the goats').
αἰγῶνof goatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ: 'from the goats')→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; the genitive plural ἐξ αἰγῶν ('from the goats') renders מִן הָעִזִּים, specifying the goat-stock from which the sin-offering victim is taken.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying χίμαρον: 'one he-goat')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; a single goat for the monthly sin offering.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for sin')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / for'; the phrase περὶ ἁμαρτίας ('for sin / as a sin offering') renders חַטָּאת, the technical term for the purification/sin offering; the LXX idiom is taken up in the NT (Rom 8:3; Heb 10:6, 8, 18, 26).
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί (the sin offering's purpose)→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / failure'; renders חַטָּאת ('sin' and 'sin offering'); περὶ ἁμαρτίας is the standing designation of the sin offering; the recurring goat 'for sin' at every festival anticipates the once-for-all sin offering of Christ in Hebrews.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the sin-offering goat is presented 'to the LORD.'
ἐπὶin addition topreposition + genitive (addition: 'besides')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'in addition to / besides'; ἐπὶ τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός subordinates the monthly offering to the perpetual daily tamid (cf. v. 10).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the daily offering)→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt offering'; the perpetual daily tamid, the baseline upon which the monthly rite is added.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός: 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in the fixed phrase διὰ παντός ('continually / perpetually'), rendering תָּמִיד; the attributive marking the perpetual daily offering.
παντὸςall (time)Genitivesubstantivized adjective (object of διά: 'all [time]')→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; in διὰ παντός = 'continually'; naming the unbroken perpetuity of the tamid.
ποιηθήσεταιshall be offered / madeFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (passive: 'shall be offered')→ predictive/imperatival future passive (required offering)ποιέω (fut. pass.): 'be made / be offered'; the passive ποιηθήσεται ('it shall be offered') prescribes the goat's offering as a required, impersonally-stated obligation; the cultic 'make' = 'sacrifice/offer.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with σπονδή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὴdrink offeringNominativenominative (appended: 'and its drink offering')→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'drink offering'; the libation belonging to the perpetual offering (αὐτοῦ), continuing alongside the monthly sin offering, as in v. 10.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with σπονδή: 'its drink offering')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): 'its'; referring to the continual burnt offering, whose libation continues.
16

καὶ ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ πρώτῳ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ μηνὸς πασχα κυρίῳ

And in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, is the Passover to the LORD.

New unit: the Passover (the fourth tier of the calendar)καὶ ἐν τῷ μηνὶ τῷ πρώτῳ
A verbless calendrical heading opening the annual festal cycle: 'in the first month, on the fourteenth day … the Passover to the LORD.' The date specification (μηνὶ τῷ πρώτῳ, τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ) is precise, anchoring the Passover to its fixed point; πασχα, the transliterated festival name, stands as the bare predicate.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (new section)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal: 'in the first month')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'in the first month').
τῷtheDativearticle (with μηνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὶmonthDativedative of time (with ἐν: 'in the month')→ sphere or referenceμήν: 'month'; the first month (Nisan/Abib) is the month of the Exodus and Passover (Exod 12:2), the head of Israel's festal year.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with πρώτῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτῳfirstDativeordinal adjective (attributive: 'the first [month]')→ sphere or referenceπρῶτος: 'first'; renders רִאשׁוֹן; τῷ μηνὶ τῷ πρώτῳ ('the first month') designates Nisan, in which the Passover falls; the ordinal anchors the annual cycle.
τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃfourteenthDativeordinal adjective (with ἡμέρᾳ: 'on the fourteenth day')→ sphere or referenceτεσσαρεσκαιδέκατος: 'fourteenth'; renders אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר; the fourteenth of Nisan is the fixed date of the Passover (Exod 12:6; Lev 23:5), the evening of the slaughtered lamb.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (with τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτῃ: 'on the fourteenth day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the dative of time fixing the Passover to the fourteenth day of the first month.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μηνός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἡμέρᾳ: 'day of the month')→ relational specificationμήν: 'month'; the genitive τοῦ μηνός ('of the month') specifies the fourteenth day as belonging to the first month.
πασχαPassoverindeclinable noun (predicate: 'is the Passover')→ clausal contributionπασχα: transliteration of Aramaic פַּסְחָא / Hebrew פֶּסַח ('Passover / passing-over'); indeclinable in the LXX and NT; the foundational redemptive feast commemorating the Exodus; πασχα κυρίῳ ('the Passover to the LORD') stands as the predicate of the calendrical heading; the term is central to the NT's paschal Christology (1 Cor 5:7, 'Christ our Passover').
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (the feast belongs/is dedicated to YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; πασχα κυρίῳ ('the LORD's Passover') marks the feast as YHWH's, kept in his honor.
17

καὶ τῇ πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ μηνὸς τούτου ἑορτή ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἄζυμα ἔδεσθε

And on the fifteenth day of this month is a feast; seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.

Continuation: the Feast of Unleavened Bread following the Passoverκαὶ τῇ πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ
The day after the Passover (the fifteenth) inaugurates the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (ἑορτή … ἄζυμα). The accusative of extent ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ('for seven days') and the future ἔδεσθε ('you shall eat') prescribe the week-long eating of unleavened bread, commemorating the haste of the Exodus.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇthe / on theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντεκαιδεκάτῃfifteenthDativeordinal adjective (with ἡμέρᾳ: 'on the fifteenth day')→ sphere or referenceπεντεκαιδέκατος: 'fifteenth'; renders חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר; the fifteenth of Nisan begins the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the day after the Passover slaughter (Lev 23:6).
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (with πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ: 'on the fifteenth day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the dative of time fixing the start of the seven-day feast.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μηνός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthGenitivegenitive of definition (with ἡμέρᾳ)→ relational specificationμήν: 'month'; the genitive τοῦ μηνὸς τούτου ('of this month') refers back to the first month (Nisan) of v. 16.
τούτουthisGenitivedemonstrative (attributive, with μηνός: 'this month')→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; τούτου identifies the month as the same first month just named, linking the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the Passover.
ἑορτήa feastNominativepredicate nominative (verbless: 'is a feast')→ participant prominenceἑορτή: 'feast / festival'; renders חַג; here the Feast of Unleavened Bread (ἑορτὴ τῶν ἀζύμων); the bare predicate ἑορτή ('[it is] a feast') heads the seven-day celebration.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (with ἡμέρας: 'seven days')→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the seven-day duration of the feast (rendering שִׁבְעַת יָמִים).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of extent of time (with ἑπτά: 'for seven days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative of extent ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ('for seven days') gives the duration of the unleavened-bread observance.
ἄζυμαunleavened breadAccusativedirect object of ἔδεσθε (substantivized adjective: 'unleavened things')→ object specificationἄζυμος: 'unleavened' (ἀ- + ζύμη 'leaven'); substantivized neuter plural τὰ ἄζυμα ('unleavened bread/cakes'), renders מַצּוֹת; the bread without leaven commemorates the haste of the Exodus (Exod 12:8, 39); Paul allegorizes ἄζυμα as sincerity and truth (1 Cor 5:8).
ἔδεσθεyou shall eatFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · ἐσθίωmain verb (with object ἄζυμα)→ imperatival future (standing festal prescription)ἐσθίω (fut. ἔδομαι): 'eat'; the future middle ἔδεσθε ('you shall eat') prescribes the week-long eating of unleavened bread; the future has imperatival force, a binding festal observance.
18

καὶ ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ πρώτη ἐπίκλητος ἁγία ἔσται ὑμῖν πᾶν ἔργον λατρευτὸν οὐ ποιήσετε

And the first day shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall do no servile work.

Specification: the first day as a holy convocation with work prohibitedκαὶ ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ πρώτη
The first day of the feast is set apart as ἐπίκλητος ἁγία ('a holy convocation / sacred assembly'). The prohibition πᾶν ἔργον λατρευτὸν οὐ ποιήσετε ('you shall do no servile work') is the standard Sabbath/festival rest-formula; the fronted πᾶν … οὐ is a Hebraism for absolute negation ('not any').
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with ἡμέρα)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayNominativesubject (of ἔσται)→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ πρώτη ('the first day') of the feast, set apart as a sacred assembly.
ἡtheNominativearticle (attributive, with πρώτη)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτηfirstNominativeordinal adjective (attributive: 'the first [day]')→ participant prominenceπρῶτος: 'first'; the first day of the seven, a holy convocation, paired with the seventh day (v. 25) as the two sacred bookends of the feast.
ἐπίκλητοςconvocation / calledNominativepredicate adjective (with ἁγία: 'a holy convocation')→ participant prominenceἐπίκλητος: 'summoned / called together' (ἐπί + καλέω); renders מִקְרָא ('convocation / assembly'); ἐπίκλητος ἁγία ('a holy convocation') denotes a day of sacred assembly with cessation of work; the synonym κλητή appears at v. 25.
ἁγίαholyNominativepredicate adjective (with ἐπίκλητος: 'holy convocation')→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; the day is sanctified, removed from ordinary labor and devoted to assembly and offering.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula: 'shall be for you')→ predictive future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be / shall be'; the future copula declares the day's sacred status as a binding ordinance.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage/reference (with ἔσται: 'shall be for you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. pl. ὑμῖν): 'for you'; the dative of reference addressing the whole congregation, for whom the day is a holy convocation.
πᾶνany / allAccusativeadjective (with ἔργον; in the negation πᾶν … οὐ: 'not any work')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every / any'; the construction πᾶν … οὐ ('every … not' = 'not any') is a Hebraism for absolute negation (כָּל … לֹא), rendering 'you shall do no work whatever.'
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε (the prohibited labor)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / labor / deed'; renders מְלָאכָה ('work / occupation'); qualified by λατρευτόν ('servile'), it denotes ordinary toil forbidden on the sacred day.
λατρευτὸνservile / laboriousAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον: 'servile work')→ object specificationλατρευτός: 'servile / laborious' (from λατρεύω 'serve'); renders עֲבֹדָה ('servile work'); ἔργον λατρευτόν ('servile/laborious work') designates the ordinary occupational labor prohibited on festival days, distinct from the festival's own cultic service; the standard rest-formula of the festal calendar.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιήσετε: prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: 'not'; the negative with the future ποιήσετε forms an emphatic prohibition ('you shall not do'), the standard form of festal-rest commands.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (negated: 'you shall not do')→ prohibitive future (binding negative command)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; the negated future οὐ ποιήσετε ('you shall not do') prohibits servile labor on the holy day; the future-for-imperative renders the Hebrew prohibitive לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.
19

καὶ προσάξετε ὁλοκαυτώματα καρπώματα κυρίῳ μόσχους ἐκ βοῶν δύο κριὸν ἕνα ἑπτὰ ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἄμωμοι ἔσονται ὑμῖν

And you shall offer whole burnt offerings, fruit-offerings to the LORD: two bull-calves from the herd, one ram, seven yearling lambs; they shall be without blemish for you;

Specification: the festal animal offering for Unleavened Bread (identical to the new-moon tariff)καὶ προσάξετε ὁλοκαυτώματα
The Unleavened-Bread offering replicates the new-moon tariff: two bulls, one ram, seven lambs. The closing clause ἄμωμοι ἔσονται ὑμῖν ('they shall be unblemished for you') states the perfection requirement as a future-of-obligation rather than a mere adjective, underscoring the worshipers' responsibility to provide flawless victims.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξετεyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · προσάγωmain verb (with object ὁλοκαυτώματα)→ imperatival future (standing festal prescription)προσάγω: 'bring near / present / offer'; the recurring sacrificial verb prescribing the festal burnt offerings.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole burnt offeringsAccusativedirect object of προσάξετε→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; the plural names the several festal victims.
καρπώματαfruit-offeringsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ὁλοκαυτώματα→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'fire-offering / fruit-offering'; renders אִשֶּׁה; in apposition, characterizing the burnt offerings as offerings made by fire to the LORD.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the festal offerings are presented 'to the LORD.'
μόσχουςcalves / bullsAccusativeaccusative in apposition (first animal class)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'calf / young bull'; the bulls of the festal triad, from the herd.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the herd')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the herd').
βοῶνof cattle / oxenGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ: 'from the herd')→ relational specificationβοῦς: 'ox / head of cattle'; ἐκ βοῶν ('from the cattle') renders בְּנֵי בָקָר; the bulls taken from the herd.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying μόσχους: 'two bulls')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the bull-quota of the festal offering, identical to the new moon (v. 11).
κριὸνramAccusativeaccusative (second animal class: 'one ram')→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the single ram of the festal triad.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying κριόν: 'one ram')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single ram.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (modifying ἀμνούς: 'seven lambs')→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the lamb-quota of the festal offering.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third animal class: 'seven lambs')→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; seven lambs completing the festal triad.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old / yearling'; the standard age of the festal lambs.
ἄμωμοιunblemishedNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσονται: 'they shall be unblemished')→ participant prominenceἄμωμος: 'without blemish'; renders תָּמִים; here as predicate of ἔσονται, stating the perfection requirement as a binding obligation on the worshipers ('they shall be flawless for you').
ἔσονταιthey shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (copula with predicate ἄμωμοι)→ imperatival future (requirement of obligation)εἰμί (fut. ἔσονται): 'be / shall be'; the future copula ἄμωμοι ἔσονται ὑμῖν ('they shall be unblemished for you') states the perfection requirement as a standing obligation, not a mere description.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of reference (with ἔσονται: 'for you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. pl. ὑμῖν): 'for you'; the dative of reference placing the requirement of flawless victims upon the congregation.
20

καὶ ἡ θυσία αὐτῶν σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ τρία δέκατα τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ δύο δέκατα τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνί

And their grain offering shall be fine flour mixed with oil: three tenths for each one bull, and two tenths for the one ram;

Specification: graduated grain offerings for the festal bulls and ramκαὶ ἡ θυσία αὐτῶν
The grain offering for Unleavened Bread repeats the graduated scale of the new moon: three tenths per bull, two per ram. The subject ἡ θυσία αὐτῶν ('their grain offering') is predicated of σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ, the standard cereal formula, then distributed by the tenths-measure.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with θυσία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαgrain offeringNominativesubject (of implied copula: 'their grain offering [shall be]')→ participant prominenceθυσία: 'grain offering' (מִנְחָה); the cereal accompaniment of the festal victims, subject of the verse.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with θυσία: 'their grain offering')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'their'; referring to the festal animals, whose accompanying grain offering follows.
σεμίδαλιςfine flourNominativepredicate nominative (with implied copula: 'is fine flour')→ participant prominenceσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; renders סֹלֶת; the substance of the grain offering, here in the nominative as predicate.
ἀναπεποιημένηmixed / kneadedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμίδαλις: 'flour mixed with oil')→ perfect passive participle (resultant state of being mixed)ἀναποιέω: 'knead / mix thoroughly'; the perfect passive participle (nom., agreeing with σεμίδαλις) in the standard formula σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἀναπεποιημένη)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; mingled with the flour of the festal grain offering.
τρίαthreeAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα: 'three tenths')→ measure or countτρεῖς, τρία: 'three'; the bull's grain-portion, three tenths of an ephah.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (measure: 'three tenths')→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; δέκατα ('tenths') of an ephah, graduated by animal as in v. 12.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with μόσχῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχῳbullDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for each bull')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: 'bull'; the dative τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνί assigns three tenths to each bull.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶone / eachDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'each single')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the distributive 'for each single bull.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα: 'two tenths')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the ram's grain-portion, two tenths.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (measure: 'two tenths')→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; two tenths of an ephah for the ram.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with κριῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριῷramDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for the ram')→ sphere or referenceκριός: 'ram'; the dative τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνί assigns two tenths to the single ram.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίoneDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'the one')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single ram.
21

δέκατον δέκατον ποιήσεις τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνὶ τοῖς ἑπτὰ ἀμνοῖς

a tenth, a tenth, you shall offer for each one lamb, for the seven lambs;

Specification: grain offering for each of the seven festal lambsδέκατον δέκατον ποιήσεις
The grain offering for the lambs is one tenth apiece. The doubled δέκατον δέκατον ('a tenth, a tenth') is a distributive Hebraism (rendering עִשָּׂרוֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן), meaning 'one tenth for each,' applied across the seven lambs (τοῖς ἑπτὰ ἀμνοῖς).
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δέκατονa tenthAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (first of distributive pair)→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; the repeated δέκατον δέκατον is a distributive Hebraism (עִשָּׂרוֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן, 'a tenth a tenth' = 'a tenth apiece'), assigning one tenth of an ephah to each lamb.
δέκατονa tenthAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (second of distributive pair: distributive repetition)→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; the second δέκατον completes the distributive doubling, a Hebraistic idiom of distribution ('one tenth for each one').
ποιήσειςyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (cultic 'prepare the offering')→ imperatival future (standing cultic prescription)ποιέω: 'make / prepare (an offering)'; the future prescribes the lamb's grain offering; the singular ποιήσεις returns to the individual addressee.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνῷlambDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for each lamb')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: 'lamb'; the dative τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνί ('for each single lamb') distributes one tenth to each.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶone / eachDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'each single')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the distributive 'for each single lamb.'
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑπτὰsevenDativenumeral (modifying ἀμνοῖς: 'the seven lambs')→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; specifying that the distributive 'one tenth each' applies across all seven festal lambs.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative in apposition (clarifying scope: 'for the seven lambs')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: 'lamb'; the dative plural τοῖς ἑπτὰ ἀμνοῖς ('for the seven lambs') restates the full lamb-set to which the distributive grain offering applies.
22

καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν

and one he-goat from the goats for a sin offering, to make atonement for you.

Completion of the festal rite: the sin-offering goat with atonement purposeκαὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα
As at the new moon (v. 15), a sin-offering goat completes the festal offering, but here the purpose is made explicit by the infinitive of purpose ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν ('to make atonement for you'). The verb ἐξιλάσκομαι is the central LXX atonement term, naming the propitiatory/expiatory function of the sin offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (implied προσάξετε: the sin-offering animal)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat / young goat'; renders שָׂעִיר; the sin-offering goat completing the festal offering, as at the new moon.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the goats')→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the goats').
αἰγῶνof goatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν ('from the goats') renders מִן הָעִזִּים, specifying the goat-stock.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying χίμαρον: 'one he-goat')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; a single goat for the festal sin offering.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for sin')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: in the phrase περὶ ἁμαρτίας ('for sin / as a sin offering'), the technical designation of the purification offering (חַטָּאת).
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί (the sin offering's purpose)→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering'; renders חַטָּאת; περὶ ἁμαρτίας is the standing designation of the sin offering.
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιinfinitive of purpose (with the sin offering: 'to make atonement')→ aorist infinitive of purpose (the atoning aim of the offering)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / propitiate / expiate'; the central LXX atonement verb, rendering כִּפֶּר (Piel of כפר, 'cover / atone'); the aorist infinitive of purpose ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν ('to make atonement for you') names the propitiatory function of the sin offering; cognate with ἱλαστήριον (Rom 3:25; Heb 9:5) and ἱλασμός (1 John 2:2).
περὶfor / on behalf ofpreposition + genitive (beneficiary: 'for you')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of'; ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν ('to atone for you') marks the congregation as the beneficiary of the atonement.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of περί (beneficiary of the atonement)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'you'; the people on whose behalf the sin-offering goat makes atonement, restoring their standing before the LORD.
23

πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντὸς τῆς πρωινῆς ὅ ἐστιν ὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ

besides the continual morning whole burnt offering, which is the burnt offering of perpetuity.

Qualification: the festal offering is besides (not instead of) the daily tamidπλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως
The preposition πλήν ('besides / apart from') makes explicit, as ἐπί did in vv. 10, 15, that the festal offering is superadded to the perpetual daily tamid — here specified as τῆς πρωινῆς ('the morning one'). The relative clause ὅ ἐστιν ὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ ('which is the burnt offering of perpetuity') restates the technical name of the tamid, the signature phrase of the chapter (cf. v. 6).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πλὴνbesides / apart fromimproper preposition + genitive (exception/addition: 'besides')→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides / except / apart from'; here governing the genitive, rendering מִלְּבַד ('apart from / besides'); πλήν marks the festal offering as additional to the perpetual daily tamid, the structural counterpart to ἐπί (vv. 10, 15) and recurring at v. 31.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν (the daily offering)→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt offering'; the perpetual daily tamid, here the thing 'besides' which the festal offering is added.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός: 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in the fixed phrase διὰ παντός ('continually / perpetually'), rendering תָּמִיד.
παντὸςall (time)Genitivesubstantivized adjective (object of διά: 'all [time]')→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; in διὰ παντός = 'continually,' naming the perpetuity of the tamid.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with πρωινῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρωινῆςmorningGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying ὁλοκαυτώσεως: 'the morning offering')→ relational specificationπρωινός: 'of the morning / early' (from πρωί 'morning'); τῆς πρωινῆς specifies the morning installment of the daily tamid (cf. v. 4), the offering at dawn that opens each day's cult.
ὅwhichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν, neuter by attraction to ὁλοκαύτωμα)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; the neuter ὅ ('which') introduces the explanatory relative clause, its gender attracted to the predicate ὁλοκαύτωμα rather than to the feminine ὁλοκαύτωσις.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (of the relative clause: 'which is')→ stative present (defining identification)εἰμί (pres. ἐστιν): 'is'; the copula equating the morning offering with the 'burnt offering of perpetuity,' a defining identification of the tamid.
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt offeringNominativepredicate nominative (of ἐστιν)→ participant prominenceὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; here in the defining phrase ὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ, the technical name of the perpetual daily offering (cf. v. 6).
ἐνδελεχισμοῦof perpetuity / continuanceGenitivequalitative genitive (defining ὁλοκαύτωμα: 'of perpetuity')→ relational specificationἐνδελεχισμός: 'continuance / perpetuity'; the signature LXX cultic noun rendering תָּמִיד; ὁλοκαύτωμα ἐνδελεχισμοῦ ('a burnt offering of perpetuity') is the technical name of the daily tamid, framing the whole chapter (cf. vv. 3, 6).
24

ταῦτα κατὰ ταῦτα ποιήσετε τὴν ἡμέραν εἰς τὰς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας δῶρον κάρπωμα εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὁλοκαυτώματος τοῦ διὰ παντὸς ποιήσεις τὴν σπονδὴν αὐτοῦ

These things, in this manner, you shall offer each day, throughout the seven days: a gift, a fruit-offering for an aroma of sweet savor to the LORD; in addition to the continual whole burnt offering you shall offer its drink offering.

Summary: the same offering repeated daily through the seven festal daysταῦτα κατὰ ταῦτα ποιήσετε
The verse generalizes the festal offering across the whole week: ταῦτα κατὰ ταῦτα ('these things in this manner') daily for seven days. The intensive ταῦτα κατὰ ταῦτα is a Hebraism for exact repetition ('just so'). Again the refrain εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ and the subordination ἐπὶ τοῦ ὁλοκαυτώματος τοῦ διὰ παντός ('besides the continual offering') frame the festal rite as a cumulative supplement to the daily tamid.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of ποιήσετε)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; ταῦτα ('these things') refers to the entire festal offering just specified, to be repeated each day.
κατὰaccording to / in the manner ofpreposition + accusative (manner: 'in this manner')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the construction ταῦτα κατὰ ταῦτα ('these things according to these things' = 'just so / in exactly this manner') is an intensive Hebraism for precise repetition, rendering כָּאֵלֶּה / כָּכָה.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (object of κατά, in the idiom)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the second ταῦτα completes the idiom ταῦτα κατὰ ταῦτα ('in just this manner'), emphasizing exact daily repetition.
ποιήσετεyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (cultic 'perform the offering')→ imperatival future (standing festal prescription)ποιέω: 'do / offer / perform'; the plural ποιήσετε prescribes the daily repetition of the festal offering by the whole congregation.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἡμέραν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανa day / each dayAccusativeaccusative of time (distributive: 'each day')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative τὴν ἡμέραν ('the day' = 'each day / daily') is distributive, prescribing the offering for every one of the seven days.
εἰςfor / throughoutpreposition + accusative (extent: 'throughout the seven days')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (extent: 'throughout the seven days').
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἡμέρας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (modifying ἡμέρας: 'the seven days')→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the seven days of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, over which the offering is repeated.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of extent (with εἰς: 'throughout the seven days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; εἰς τὰς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ('throughout the seven days') gives the full span of the festal repetition.
δῶρονa giftAccusativeaccusative in apposition (characterizing the offering)→ object specificationδῶρον: 'gift / offering'; renders קָרְבָּן; in apposition, naming the daily festal offering as a gift presented to the LORD (cf. v. 2).
κάρπωμαa fruit-offeringAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the offering by fire)→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'fire-offering / fruit-offering'; renders אִשֶּׁה; characterizing the offering as consumed by fire and ascending as an aroma.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for an aroma')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for an aroma').
ὀσμὴνan aromaAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: 'fragrance'; the refrain ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας marking the offering as pleasing to the LORD.
εὐωδίαςof sweet savorGenitiveattributive genitive (qualifying ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell'; completing the fixed phrase ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας (רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the offering ascends 'to the LORD.'
ἐπὶin addition topreposition + genitive (addition: 'besides')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen.: 'in addition to / besides'; ἐπὶ τοῦ ὁλοκαυτώματος τοῦ διὰ παντός subordinates the festal offering to the perpetual daily tamid (cf. vv. 10, 15).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώματοςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the daily offering)→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; the perpetual daily tamid, the baseline upon which the festal offering is added.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός: 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in the fixed phrase διὰ παντός ('continually'), rendering תָּמִיד.
παντὸςall (time)Genitivesubstantivized adjective (object of διά: 'all [time]')→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; in διὰ παντός = 'continually,' naming the perpetuity of the tamid.
ποιήσειςyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (cultic 'perform'; with object τὴν σπονδήν)→ imperatival future (standing cultic prescription)ποιέω: 'offer / prepare'; the singular ποιήσεις prescribes the offering of the drink offering belonging to the perpetual tamid alongside the festal rite.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σπονδήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὴνdrink offeringAccusativedirect object of ποιήσεις (the libation of the tamid)→ object specificationσπονδή: 'drink offering'; the libation belonging to the perpetual offering (αὐτοῦ), to be offered alongside the festal sacrifices.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (with σπονδήν: 'its drink offering')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): 'its'; referring to the continual burnt offering, whose libation continues alongside the festal rite.
25

καὶ ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ ἑβδόμη κλητὴ ἁγία ἔσται ὑμῖν πᾶν ἔργον λατρευτὸν οὐ ποιήσετε ἐν αὐτῇ

And the seventh day shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall do no servile work on it.

Closure: the seventh day as a holy convocation (matching the first, v. 18)καὶ ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ ἑβδόμη
The seventh and final day of the feast, like the first (v. 18), is a holy convocation (κλητὴ ἁγία) with no servile work. The synonym κλητή ('called / summoned') alternates with ἐπίκλητος of v. 18. The two sacred days bracket the seven-day feast; the added ἐν αὐτῇ ('on it') specifies the prohibition's scope.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with ἡμέρα)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέραdayNominativesubject (of ἔσται)→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; ἡ ἡμέρα ἡ ἑβδόμη ('the seventh day'), the closing sacred day of the feast.
ἡtheNominativearticle (attributive, with ἑβδόμη)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμηseventhNominativeordinal adjective (attributive: 'the seventh [day]')→ participant prominenceἕβδομος: 'seventh'; renders שְׁבִיעִי; the seventh day of the feast, a holy convocation matching the first day (v. 18), bracketing the seven-day observance.
κλητὴcalled / convocationNominativepredicate adjective (with ἁγία: 'a holy convocation')→ participant prominenceκλητός: 'called / summoned' (from καλέω); renders מִקְרָא ('convocation'); κλητὴ ἁγία ('a holy convocation') is synonymous with ἐπίκλητος ἁγία (v. 18); a day of sacred assembly with cessation of work; the adjective κλητός ('called') is taken up in the NT for the elect (Rom 1:6–7; 8:28).
ἁγίαholyNominativepredicate adjective (with κλητή: 'holy convocation')→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; sanctifying the seventh day as devoted to assembly and rest.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula: 'shall be for you')→ predictive future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be / shall be'; the future copula declares the day's sacred status as a binding ordinance.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage/reference (with ἔσται)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. pl. ὑμῖν): 'for you'; the dative of reference addressing the congregation.
πᾶνany / allAccusativeadjective (with ἔργον; in negation πᾶν … οὐ: 'not any work')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / any'; πᾶν … οὐ is the Hebraism for absolute negation ('not any whatever').
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε (the prohibited labor)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / labor'; renders מְלָאכָה; the ordinary toil forbidden on the sacred day.
λατρευτὸνservile / laboriousAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον: 'servile work')→ object specificationλατρευτός: 'servile / laborious'; renders עֲבֹדָה; ἔργον λατρευτόν is the standard designation of ordinary occupational labor prohibited on festival days.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιήσετε: prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: 'not'; the negative forming the festal-rest prohibition with the future.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (negated: 'you shall not do')→ prohibitive future (binding negative command)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the negated future οὐ ποιήσετε prohibits servile labor; the future-for-imperative renders the Hebrew prohibitive לֹא תַעֲשׂוּ.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal: 'on it')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'on'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (temporal: 'on it').
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (referring to the seventh day: 'on it')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. fem.): 'it'; ἐν αὐτῇ ('on it') refers back to ἡ ἡμέρα ('the day'), specifying that the prohibition applies on the seventh day itself.
26

καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν νέων ὅταν προσφέρητε θυσίαν νέαν κυρίῳ τῶν ἑβδομάδων ἐπίκλητος ἁγία ἔσται ὑμῖν πᾶν ἔργον λατρευτὸν οὐ ποιήσετε

And on the day of the new grain, when you offer a new grain offering to the LORD at the Feast of Weeks, it shall be a holy convocation for you; you shall do no servile work.

New unit: the Feast of Weeks / day of firstfruits (the fifth and final tier)καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν νέων
The final festival is the day of firstfruits, ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν νέων ('the day of the new [grain]'), at the Feast of Weeks (τῶν ἑβδομάδων). The temporal ὅταν-clause (ὅταν προσφέρητε θυσίαν νέαν) defines the occasion: the presentation of a new grain offering. As at the other major feasts, it is a holy convocation with no servile work.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (new section)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (with τῶν νέων: 'on the day of the new grain')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν νέων ('the day of the new things/grain') is the day of firstfruits at the Feast of Weeks (Pentecost); renders יוֹם הַבִּכּוּרִים ('day of firstfruits').
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with substantivized νέων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νέωνnew things / new grainGenitivesubstantivized adjective (genitive: 'of the new [grain/produce]')→ relational specificationνέος: 'new / young / fresh'; substantivized τὰ νέα ('the new things' = the new grain/produce of the harvest); ἡ ἡμέρα τῶν νέων ('the day of the new grain') is the firstfruits festival celebrating the new wheat harvest.
ὅτανwhentemporal conjunction (introducing subjunctive clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅταν: 'when(ever)'; takes the subjunctive (προσφέρητε); defines the occasion of the festival as the time of presenting the new grain offering.
προσφέρητεyou offerPres Act Subj 2 Pl · προσφέρωverb of temporal clause (with ὅταν: 'when you offer')→ present subjunctive (the recurring occasion of offering)προσφέρω: 'bring to / present / offer'; the present subjunctive with ὅταν presents the offering of the new grain as the defining, recurring occasion of the festival; the standard sacrificial verb (cf. v. 2).
θυσίανgrain offering / sacrificeAccusativedirect object of προσφέρητε→ object specificationθυσία: 'offering / sacrifice'; here the new grain offering (מִנְחָה חֲדָשָׁה) of the firstfruits, presented at the Feast of Weeks (Lev 23:16–17).
νέανnewAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying θυσίαν: 'a new grain offering')→ object specificationνέος: 'new / fresh'; θυσία νέα ('a new grain offering') is the offering from the new wheat harvest, distinguishing this firstfruits gift from the ordinary daily cereal offerings.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the new grain offering is presented 'to the LORD.'
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἑβδομάδων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδομάδωνweeksGenitivegenitive of definition (defining the feast: 'of the weeks')→ relational specificationἑβδομάς: 'a seven / a week' (from ἑπτά); the genitive plural τῶν ἑβδομάδων ('of the weeks') names the Feast of Weeks (חַג שָׁבֻעוֹת), counted seven weeks (fifty days) from Passover — the festival later called Pentecost (Πεντηκοστή), the setting of Acts 2.
ἐπίκλητοςconvocation / calledNominativepredicate adjective (with ἁγία: 'a holy convocation')→ participant prominenceἐπίκλητος: 'summoned / called together'; renders מִקְרָא; ἐπίκλητος ἁγία ('a holy convocation') as at v. 18, a day of sacred assembly with cessation of work.
ἁγίαholyNominativepredicate adjective (with ἐπίκλητος)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; sanctifying the day of firstfruits.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula: 'shall be for you')→ predictive future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be / shall be'; declaring the day's sacred status.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage/reference (with ἔσται)→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. pl. ὑμῖν): 'for you'; the dative of reference addressing the congregation.
πᾶνany / allAccusativeadjective (with ἔργον; in negation πᾶν … οὐ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / any'; πᾶν … οὐ, the Hebraism for absolute negation.
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε (the prohibited labor)→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / labor'; renders מְלָאכָה; the ordinary toil forbidden on the sacred day.
λατρευτὸνservile / laboriousAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationλατρευτός: 'servile / laborious'; renders עֲבֹדָה; the festal-rest formula.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιήσετε: prohibition)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: 'not'; forming the festal-rest prohibition.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (negated: 'you shall not do')→ prohibitive future (binding negative command)ποιέω: 'do / make'; the negated future prohibits servile labor on the day of firstfruits.
27

καὶ προσάξετε ὁλοκαυτώματα εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ μόσχους ἐκ βοῶν δύο κριὸν ἕνα ἑπτὰ ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἀμώμους

And you shall offer whole burnt offerings for an aroma of sweet savor to the LORD: two bull-calves from the herd, one ram, seven unblemished yearling lambs;

Specification: the festal animal offering for Weeks (identical to the new-moon and Unleavened-Bread tariff)καὶ προσάξετε ὁλοκαυτώματα
The Feast of Weeks offering matches the standard festal triad: two bulls, one ram, seven lambs. The refrain εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ ('for an aroma of sweet savor to the LORD') is woven directly into the offering clause, marking the firstfruits sacrifice as acceptable to the LORD.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξετεyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · προσάγωmain verb (with object ὁλοκαυτώματα)→ imperatival future (standing festal prescription)προσάγω: 'bring near / present / offer'; the recurring sacrificial verb prescribing the firstfruits burnt offerings.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole burnt offeringsAccusativedirect object of προσάξετε→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; the plural naming the several festal victims.
εἰςfor / untopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'for an aroma')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'for an aroma').
ὀσμὴνan aromaAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: 'fragrance'; the refrain ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, here woven into the offering clause.
εὐωδίαςof sweet savorGenitiveattributive genitive (qualifying ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell'; completing the fixed phrase ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας (רֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient: YHWH)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the offering ascends 'to the LORD.'
μόσχουςcalves / bullsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ὁλοκαυτώματα (first animal class)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'calf / young bull'; the bulls of the festal triad, from the herd.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the herd')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the herd').
βοῶνof cattle / oxenGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ: 'from the herd')→ relational specificationβοῦς: 'ox / head of cattle'; ἐκ βοῶν ('from the cattle') renders בְּנֵי בָקָר.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying μόσχους: 'two bulls')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the bull-quota of the festal offering, identical to vv. 11, 19.
κριὸνramAccusativeaccusative (second animal class: 'one ram')→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; the single ram of the festal triad.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying κριόν: 'one ram')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single ram.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (modifying ἀμνούς: 'seven lambs')→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the lamb-quota of the festal offering.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third animal class: 'seven lambs')→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; seven lambs completing the festal triad.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old / yearling'; the standard age of the festal lambs.
ἀμώμουςunblemishedAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς / all the victims)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'without blemish'; renders תָּמִים; the perfection required of all the festal victims.
28

ἡ θυσία αὐτῶν σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ τρία δέκατα τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ δύο δέκατα τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνί

Their grain offering shall be fine flour mixed with oil: three tenths for each one bull, and two tenths for the one ram;

Specification: graduated grain offerings for the firstfruits bulls and ramἡ θυσία αὐτῶν
The grain offering for Weeks repeats the graduated scale once more: three tenths per bull, two per ram (and one per lamb, v. 29). The formula ἡ θυσία αὐτῶν σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ exactly mirrors v. 20, underscoring the fixed, repeatable character of the whole festal liturgy.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἡtheNominativearticle (with θυσία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαgrain offeringNominativesubject (of implied copula: 'their grain offering [shall be]')→ participant prominenceθυσία: 'grain offering' (מִנְחָה); the cereal accompaniment of the firstfruits victims, subject of the verse.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with θυσία: 'their grain offering')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'their'; referring to the festal animals.
σεμίδαλιςfine flourNominativepredicate nominative (with implied copula: 'is fine flour')→ participant prominenceσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; renders סֹלֶת; the substance of the grain offering.
ἀναπεποιημένηmixed / kneadedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμίδαλις)→ perfect passive participle (resultant state of being mixed)ἀναποιέω: 'knead / mix thoroughly'; the perfect passive participle in the standard formula σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ, identical to v. 20.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means: 'with oil')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means: 'with oil').
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἀναπεποιημένη)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; mingled with the flour of the festal grain offering.
τρίαthreeAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα: 'three tenths')→ measure or countτρεῖς, τρία: 'three'; the bull's grain-portion, three tenths of an ephah.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (measure: 'three tenths')→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; δέκατα ('tenths') of an ephah, graduated by animal.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with μόσχῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχῳbullDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for each bull')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: 'bull'; the dative τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνί assigns three tenths to each bull.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶone / eachDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'each single')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the distributive 'for each single bull.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwoAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα: 'two tenths')→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the ram's grain-portion, two tenths.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (measure: 'two tenths')→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; two tenths of an ephah for the ram.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with κριῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριῷramDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for the ram')→ sphere or referenceκριός: 'ram'; the dative τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνί assigns two tenths to the single ram.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίoneDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'the one')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the single ram.
29

δέκατον δέκατον τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνὶ τοῖς ἑπτὰ ἀμνοῖς

a tenth, a tenth, for each one lamb, for the seven lambs;

Specification: grain offering for each of the seven firstfruits lambsδέκατον δέκατον
As at v. 21, the lambs' grain offering is one tenth apiece, expressed by the distributive Hebraism δέκατον δέκατον ('a tenth, a tenth' = 'a tenth for each'). Here the verb is gapped (carried over from v. 28's implied prescription), leaving only the bare distributive measure across the seven lambs.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
δέκατονa tenthAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (first of distributive pair)→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; the repeated δέκατον δέκατον is a distributive Hebraism (עִשָּׂרוֹן עִשָּׂרוֹן, 'a tenth apiece'), assigning one tenth of an ephah to each lamb.
δέκατονa tenthAccusativesubstantivized ordinal (second of distributive pair: distributive repetition)→ object specificationδέκατος: 'tenth'; the second δέκατον completes the distributive doubling ('one tenth for each one').
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνῷlambDativedative of reference (distributive: 'for each lamb')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: 'lamb'; the dative τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνί ('for each single lamb') distributes one tenth to each.
τῷtheDativearticle (attributive, with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶone / eachDativenumeral in attributive position (τῷ ἑνί: 'each single')→ sphere or referenceεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the distributive 'for each single lamb.'
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑπτὰsevenDativenumeral (modifying ἀμνοῖς: 'the seven lambs')→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; specifying that the distributive 'one tenth each' applies across all seven festal lambs.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative in apposition (clarifying scope: 'for the seven lambs')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: 'lamb'; the dative plural τοῖς ἑπτὰ ἀμνοῖς restates the full lamb-set to which the distributive grain offering applies.
30

καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν

and one he-goat from the goats for a sin offering, to make atonement for you.

Completion of the firstfruits rite: the sin-offering goat with atonement purposeκαὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα
Identical to v. 22, the firstfruits offering is completed by a sin-offering goat with the infinitive of purpose ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν ('to make atonement for you'). The exact repetition of the atonement formula at each major feast underlines that no festal celebration is without an atoning sin offering — the recurring need that Hebrews contrasts with Christ's single, final atonement.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (implied προσάξετε: the sin-offering animal)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat / young goat'; renders שָׂעִיר; the sin-offering goat completing the firstfruits offering, as at vv. 15, 22.
ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the goats')→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the goats').
αἰγῶνof goatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν ('from the goats') renders מִן הָעִזִּים, specifying the goat-stock.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (modifying χίμαρον: 'one he-goat')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; a single goat for the festal sin offering.
περὶfor / concerningpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for sin')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: in the phrase περὶ ἁμαρτίας ('for sin / as a sin offering'), the technical designation of the purification offering (חַטָּאת).
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί (the sin offering's purpose)→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin offering'; renders חַטָּאת; περὶ ἁμαρτίας is the standing designation of the sin offering.
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιinfinitive of purpose (with the sin offering: 'to make atonement')→ aorist infinitive of purpose (the atoning aim of the offering)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / propitiate / expiate'; the central LXX atonement verb rendering כִּפֶּר; the aorist infinitive of purpose ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν ('to make atonement for you') names the propitiatory function of the sin offering; cognate with ἱλαστήριον and ἱλασμός in the NT.
περὶfor / on behalf ofpreposition + genitive (beneficiary: 'for you')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'for / on behalf of'; ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν ('to atone for you') marks the congregation as the beneficiary of the atonement.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of περί (beneficiary of the atonement)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'you'; the people on whose behalf the sin-offering goat makes atonement.
31

πλὴν τοῦ ὁλοκαυτώματος τοῦ διὰ παντός καὶ τὴν θυσίαν αὐτῶν ποιήσετέ μοι ἄμωμοι ἔσονται ὑμῖν καὶ τὰς σπονδὰς αὐτῶν

Besides the continual whole burnt offering, you shall offer to me their grain offering also — they shall be without blemish for you — and their drink offerings.

Closing qualification: the firstfruits offering is besides the daily tamid, with its accompanimentsπλὴν τοῦ ὁλοκαυτώματος
The chapter closes as the festal sections do, with πλήν ('besides') subordinating the firstfruits offering to the perpetual daily tamid. The first-person μοι ('to me') returns the divine voice of vv. 1–2, framing the whole legislation as YHWH's personal claim. The closing reminder ἄμωμοι ἔσονται ὑμῖν ('they shall be unblemished for you') and the appended καὶ τὰς σπονδὰς αὐτῶν ('and their drink offerings') seal the festal calendar with the full complement of victim, grain, and libation, all offered upon the unbroken foundation of the continual offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
πλὴνbesides / apart fromimproper preposition + genitive (addition: 'besides')→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides / except / apart from'; governing the genitive (מִלְּבַד), marking the firstfruits offering as additional to the perpetual daily tamid (cf. v. 23); the structural key-word of the chapter's cumulative logic.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώματοςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν (the daily offering)→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; the perpetual daily tamid, the baseline 'besides' which the festal offering is added.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός: 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in the fixed phrase διὰ παντός ('continually / perpetually'), rendering תָּמִיד; the final occurrence of the chapter's signature perpetuity-idiom.
παντόςall (time)Genitivesubstantivized adjective (object of διά: 'all [time]')→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; in διὰ παντός = 'continually,' naming the unbroken perpetuity of the tamid that frames the whole chapter.
καὶand / alsocoordinate conjunction (adjunctive: 'also')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adjunctive ('also'), adding the festal grain offering to the perpetual burnt offering.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with θυσίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίανgrain offeringAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε (the festal grain offering)→ object specificationθυσία: 'grain offering' (מִנְחָה); the cereal offering accompanying the firstfruits victims, to be offered along with them.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with θυσίαν: 'their grain offering')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'their'; referring to the festal animals, whose grain offering accompanies them.
ποιήσετέyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (with object τὴν θυσίαν, indirect object μοι)→ imperatival future (standing festal prescription)ποιέω: 'do / offer / perform'; the plural ποιήσετε prescribes the festal offering to the whole congregation; the enclitic accent (ποιήσετέ μοι) reflects the following enclitic μοι.
μοιto meDativedative indirect object (the recipient: YHWH, in first person)→ participant reference or interestἐγώ (dat. μοι): 'to me'; the enclitic first-person pronoun returns the divine voice of the opening commission (ἐμοί, v. 2), framing the whole festal legislation as offered personally to YHWH himself.
ἄμωμοιunblemishedNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσονται: 'they shall be unblemished')→ participant prominenceἄμωμος: 'without blemish'; renders תָּמִים; here as predicate of ἔσονται, a closing reminder of the perfection requirement for all the victims (cf. v. 19).
ἔσονταιthey shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (copula with predicate ἄμωμοι)→ imperatival future (requirement of obligation)εἰμί (fut. ἔσονται): 'be / shall be'; the future copula ἄμωμοι ἔσονται ὑμῖν ('they shall be unblemished for you') restates the perfection requirement as a binding obligation, echoing v. 19 and closing the chapter on the note of flawless offerings.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of reference (with ἔσονται: 'for you')→ participant reference or interestσύ (dat. pl. ὑμῖν): 'for you'; the dative of reference placing the requirement of flawless victims upon the congregation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding the libations)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with σπονδάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὰςdrink offeringsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with θυσίαν: 'and their drink offerings')→ object specificationσπονδή: 'drink offering / libation'; the accusative plural τὰς σπονδὰς αὐτῶν ('their drink offerings') closes the chapter with the full complement of accompaniments — victim, grain, and libation — that constitutes the complete festal offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (with σπονδάς: 'their drink offerings')→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'their'; referring to the festal animals, whose libations complete the offering and seal the festal calendar of the chapter.