1
καὶ τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ἑβδόμῳ μιᾷ τοῦ μηνὸς ἐπίκλητος ἁγία ἔσται ὑμῖν πᾶν ἔργον λατρευτὸν οὐ ποιήσετε ἡμέρα σημασίας ἔσται ὑμῖν
And in the seventh month, on the first of the month, there shall be a holy convocation for you; no servile work shall you do; it shall be for you a day of acclamation.
The καί-parataxis with a fronted temporal phrase (τῷ μηνὶ τῷ ἑβδόμῳ μιᾷ τοῦ μηνός) opens the seventh-month cluster of feasts, continuing the calendar of ch. 28. The verse stacks three standing formulas: ἐπίκλητος ἁγία ('holy convocation'), πᾶν ἔργον λατρευτὸν οὐ ποιήσετε ('no servile work'), and the day's proper name ἡμέρα σημασίας ('day of acclamation/trumpet-signal').
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: continues the festal calendar from ch. 28; renders Hebrew waw, here marking the advance to a new month-unit rather than simple sequence.
τῷtheDativearticle (with μηνί, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὶmonthDativedative of time when ('in the … month')→ sphere or referenceμήν: 'month'; renders חֹדֶשׁ; the seventh month (Tishri) is the holiest of the Israelite calendar, containing Trumpets, Atonement, and Booths.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑβδόμῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμῳseventhDativeattributive ordinal (modifying μηνί)→ sphere or referenceἕβδομος: 'seventh'; renders הַשְּׁבִיעִי; the seventh month's sabbatical resonance (the 'sabbath of months') frames its cluster of holy days.
μιᾷfirst / oneDativedative of time (idiomatic ordinal: 'on the first')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; here the feminine μιᾷ functions as an ordinal 'on the first (day)', rendering Hebrew בְּאֶחָד, the idiomatic use of the cardinal for the first of the month.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with μηνός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthGenitivepartitive genitive ('of the month')→ relational specificationμήν: the partitive genitive specifies which day — the first day of the seventh month.
ἐπίκλητοςconvocation / summonedNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσται: 'shall be a convocation')→ participant prominenceἐπίκλητος: 'called-out / summoned / convened'; verbal adjective from ἐπικαλέω; the phrase ἐπίκλητος ἁγία renders מִקְרָא־קֹדֶשׁ ('a holy convocation'), a day of summoned sacred assembly recurring throughout chs. 28–29.
ἁγίαholyNominativeattributive/predicate adjective (modifying ἐπίκλητος)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; the convocation is 'holy' as a day consecrated to the LORD and withdrawn from ordinary labor.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predicate of the convocation)→ legislative future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): the future of legislative prescription, rendering the Hebrew imperfect of cultic ordinance; recurs at each appointed day in chs. 28–29.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage/possession (2nd pl.)→ participant reference or interestσύ (pl.): the dative ὑμῖν addresses the whole congregation as the responsible cultic body.
πᾶνany / everyAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἔργον; under negation: 'any work')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; with the following negative (οὐ ποιήσετε) it yields 'no work at all', a Hebraizing πᾶς … οὐ for universal negation (כָּל … לֹא).
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε→ object specificationἔργον: 'work / labor'; renders מְלָאכָה; qualified by λατρευτόν it denotes ordinary occupational labor forbidden on the holy day.
λατρευτὸνservileAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationλατρευτός: 'of servile/menial labor'; verbal adjective from λατρεύω ('to serve'); renders עֲבֹדָה in the phrase מְלֶאכֶת עֲבֹדָה ('laborious work'); the formula πᾶν ἔργον λατρευτὸν οὐ ποιήσετε recurs at vv. 12, 35 and distinguishes a feast-day rest from the absolute Sabbath rest.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιήσετε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: the negative with the future indicative forms a categorical prohibition ('you shall not do').
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (prohibition)→ prohibitive future (categorical legislative ban)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; the future with οὐ functions as a binding prohibition; the same verb governs the positive offering-commands (ποιήσετε ὁλοκαυτώματα, v. 2).
ἡμέραdayNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the construction ἡμέρα σημασίας names the festival (the Day of Trumpets/Acclamation), rendering יוֹם תְּרוּעָה.
σημασίαςof acclamation / signalGenitivegenitive of quality/description (defining the day)→ relational specificationσημασία: 'signal / signalling / acclamation'; from σημαίνω ('give a signal'); renders תְּרוּעָה ('blast, shout, trumpet-signal'); the LXX construes the day as the 'day of signalling' — the blowing of trumpets summoning the assembly; the cognate verb σημαίνω is used of trumpet-blasts in Num 10.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predicate of ἡμέρα σημασίας)→ legislative future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut.): repeats the legislative ἔσται, closing the verse with the day's defining name.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage (2nd pl.)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'for you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (2nd pl.).
2
καὶ ποιήσετε ὁλοκαυτώματα εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ μόσχον ἕνα ἐκ βοῶν κριὸν ἕνα ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἑπτὰ ἀμώμους
And you shall offer whole burnt offerings for a soothing aroma to the LORD: one bull-calf from the herd, one ram, seven yearling lambs without blemish.
After the prohibition of labor, the positive command: ποιήσετε now governs the sacrificial program. The phrase εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ ('for a soothing aroma to the LORD') is the standard LXX cultic-acceptance formula (לְרֵיחַ נִיחֹחַ). The animals — one bull, one ram, seven lambs — match the Trumpets-day tariff and recur for the Atonement day (v. 8).
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιήσετεyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (command to offer)→ legislative future (prescriptive command)ποιέω: here in the cultic sense 'offer / perform (a sacrifice)', rendering עָשָׂה used of preparing an offering; the same verb that prohibited labor (v. 1) now prescribes worship.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole burnt offeringsAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: 'whole burnt offering'; from ὅλος + καίω ('wholly burned'); renders עֹלָה, the offering consumed entirely on the altar; the governing category of the festal sacrifices in chs. 28–29.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose/result)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose/result).
ὀσμὴνaroma / smellAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: 'smell / odor'; renders רֵיחַ; with εὐωδίας it forms the formula 'soothing aroma', the anthropomorphic idiom for an offering accepted by God.
εὐωδίαςof a sweet smellGenitivegenitive of quality (defining ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance / sweet smell'; renders נִיחֹחַ; ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας ('soothing/pleasing aroma') is the fixed LXX cultic-acceptance formula; cf. its NT echo at Eph 5:2; Phil 4:18.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the offering's addressee)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the dative marks YHWH as the recipient to whom the soothing aroma ascends.
μόσχονbull-calfAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ὁλοκαυτώματα (the offering specified)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'calf / young bull'; renders פַּר (here פַּר בֶּן־בָּקָר); the bull is the costliest victim, heading the list; on this day a single bull, against the Booths-week multiples.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying μόσχον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; renders אֶחָד; the single bull of Trumpets and Atonement contrasts sharply with the thirteen-to-seven of Booths.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source/class)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source/class).
βοῶνof the herd / oxenGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ: 'from the cattle')→ relational specificationβοῦς (gen. pl. βοῶν): 'ox / head of cattle'; ἐκ βοῶν renders בֶּן־בָּקָר ('of the herd'), specifying the bull's stock.
κριὸνramAccusativeaccusative (second victim listed)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; renders אַיִל; the second tier of victim, one on Trumpets and Atonement, two each day at Booths.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying κριόν)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; here qualifying the ram.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; renders כֶּבֶשׂ; the lambs are the most numerous victims (seven here, fourteen each day at Booths).
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old / yearling'; from ἐνιαυτός ('year'); renders בֶּן־שָׁנָה ('son of a year'); the lambs must be in their first year.
ἑπτὰsevennumeral (indeclinable; modifying ἀμνούς)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable; renders שִׁבְעָה; the sabbatical number, fixed for the lamb-count of Trumpets, Atonement, and the eighth-day assembly.
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished / spotless'; from α- + μῶμος ('blemish'); renders תָּמִים; the standing requirement of cultic perfection for sacrificial victims (cf. its Christological use at 1 Pet 1:19; Heb 9:14).
3
ἡ θυσία αὐτῶν σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ τρία δέκατα τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ δύο δέκατα τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνί
Their grain offering: fine flour mixed with oil — three tenths for the one bull, and two tenths for the one ram;
The θυσία ('grain offering') is the cereal accompaniment graded per animal. The recurring tariff — three tenths (of an ephah of fine flour) per bull, two per ram, one per lamb — is the fixed proportion repeated at vv. 9–10 and 14–15. ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ ('mixed/prepared with oil') is the standard description of the cereal offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἡtheNominativearticle (with θυσία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαgrain offering / sacrificeNominativesubject (predicated by σεμίδαλις)→ participant prominenceθυσία: 'offering / sacrifice'; here specifically the accompanying cereal offering (rendering מִנְחָה), distinct from the animal ὁλοκαύτωμα; in chs. 28–29 θυσία regularly = the grain-offering that accompanies each burnt-offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (referring to the victims of v. 2)→ relational specificationαὐτός: the genitive plural refers back to the animals; 'their grain offering' = the cereal that belongs with them.
σεμίδαλιςfine flourNominativepredicate nominative (defining θυσία)→ participant prominenceσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; renders סֹלֶת; the premium milled flour required for the cereal offering.
ἀναπεποιημένηmixed / preparedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμίδαλις)→ resultative perfect (settled condition: already mixed)ἀναποιέω: 'work up / knead / mix'; the perfect passive participle ἀναπεποιημένη renders בְּלוּלָה ('mingled'); the perfect stresses the flour's prepared state — already kneaded with oil; recurs verbatim at vv. 9, 14.
ἐνwith / inpreposition + dative (instrumental/material)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental/material).
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἐν: 'with oil')→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; renders שֶׁמֶן; the oil mingled with the flour was integral to the cereal offering.
τρίαthreeAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα)→ measure or countτρεῖς (n. τρία): 'three'; renders שְׁלֹשָׁה; the bull's grain-tariff is the largest, three tenths.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativeaccusative of measure (the quantity of flour)→ object specificationδέκατον: 'a tenth (part)'; renders עִשָּׂרוֹן, a tenth of an ephah, the unit measuring the cereal offering; the per-animal grading (3/2/1 tenths) is the heart of the festal grain-tariff.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with μόσχῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχῳbullDativedative of reference ('for the bull')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative marks the animal to which the three-tenths portion is assigned.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying μόσχῳ: 'the one bull')→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; the distributive 'for the one bull' specifies the per-head allotment.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying δέκατα)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; indeclinable here; renders שְׁנֵי; the ram's portion is two tenths.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativeaccusative of measure (the ram's flour-portion)→ object specificationδέκατον: 'a tenth'; the ram's grain-tariff, two tenths.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with κριῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριῷramDativedative of reference ('for the ram')→ sphere or referenceκριός: the dative marks the ram as recipient of the two-tenths portion.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying κριῷ: 'the one ram')→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; distributive 'for the one ram'.
4
δέκατον δέκατον τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνὶ τοῖς ἑπτὰ ἀμνοῖς
a tenth, a tenth for the one lamb, for the seven lambs;
The doubled δέκατον δέκατον is a distributive repetition ('a tenth apiece'), a Hebraism (עִשָּׂרוֹן … לַכֶּבֶשׂ הָאֶחָד) assigning one tenth to each of the seven lambs. The tariff is thus complete: 3 (bull) / 2 (ram) / 1 (each lamb).
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
δέκατονa tenthAccusativeaccusative of measure (distributive, first of pair)→ object specificationδέκατον: 'a tenth'; the lamb's grain-portion, one tenth each.
δέκατονa tenthAccusativeaccusative of measure (distributive repetition: 'tenth by tenth')→ object specificationδέκατον: the doubling δέκατον δέκατον is distributive ('a tenth for each'), rendering the Hebrew distributive repetition; recurs at vv. 10, 15.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνῷlambDativedative of reference ('for the lamb')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative marks each lamb as recipient of one tenth.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying ἀμνῷ: 'the one lamb')→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; distributive 'for the one lamb', i.e. for each lamb singly.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑπτὰsevennumeral (indeclinable; modifying ἀμνοῖς)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable; the total lamb-count across which the one-tenth apportionment is summed.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative of reference (summarizing: 'for the seven lambs')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative plural restates the total — the per-lamb tenth applies to all seven.
5
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering, to make atonement for you;
Each appointed day adds a single he-goat περὶ ἁμαρτίας ('for sin'); here its purpose is stated with the infinitive ἐξιλάσασθαι ('to make atonement'). The sin-goat is the standard accompaniment that purges the assembly's guilt alongside the festal burnt-offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat / male kid'; renders שְׂעִיר; the standard victim for the sin-offering (περὶ ἁμαρτίας) appended to every festal day in chs. 28–29.
ἐξof / frompreposition + genitive (source/class)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source/class).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ: 'from the goats')→ relational specificationαἴξ (gen. pl. αἰγῶν): 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν renders עִזִּים ('of the goats'), specifying the kid's stock.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat per day, unvarying across the chapter.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'concerning sin')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / for'; the phrase περὶ ἁμαρτίας is the fixed LXX designation of the sin-offering (rendering חַטָּאת), 'the [offering] for sin'.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί (defining the offering's purpose)→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'; renders חַטָּאת, which means both the sin and the offering that purges it; περὶ ἁμαρτίας is the technical LXX phrase taken up at Rom 8:3; Heb 10:6.
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιinfinitive of purpose (the goal of the sin-offering)→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of the rite)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / propitiate / expiate'; renders כִּפֶּר (Piel of כפר); the LXX's standard cultic verb for the atoning effect of the sin-offering; the infinitive of purpose expresses why the goat is offered — to cover/cleanse the people's guilt.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (on behalf of)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: here 'on behalf of', the beneficiaries of the atonement.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of περί (the people atoned for)→ relational specificationσύ (pl.): the congregation is the beneficiary of the atonement effected by the sin-goat.
6
πλὴν τῶν ὁλοκαυτωμάτων τῆς νουμηνίας καὶ αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ ὁλοκαύτωμα τὸ διὰ παντὸς καὶ αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ
besides the whole burnt offerings of the new moon and their grain offerings and their drink offerings, and the continual whole burnt offering and its grain offerings and its drink offerings, according to their ordinance, for a soothing aroma to the LORD.
The πλήν-clause ('besides') is the chapter's structuring rubric: the Trumpets-day sacrifices do not replace but supplement two prior obligations — the new-moon offering (τῆς νουμηνίας; the first of the seventh month being itself a new moon) and the continual daily offering (τὸ ὁλοκαύτωμα τὸ διὰ παντός). κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν ('according to their ordinance') fixes the prescribed proportions.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (exception/addition)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides / except / apart from'; with the genitive it marks the festal offering as additional to a prior, standing obligation; renders מִלְּבַד ('apart from'); the key structuring word of chs. 28–29, recurring at vv. 11, 16, 39.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτωμάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτωμάτωνwhole burnt offeringsGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: here the regular monthly (new-moon) burnt-offerings, prescribed at Num 28:11–15, to which the Trumpets offering is added.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with νουμηνίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νουμηνίαςnew moonGenitivegenitive of relationship (the new-moon offering)→ relational specificationνουμηνία (= νεομηνία): 'new moon / first of the month'; renders חֹדֶשׁ; since the Day of Trumpets falls on the first of the seventh month, its offerings stack atop the regular new-moon sacrifice.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (loose appositional listing of accompaniments)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal accompaniments of the new-moon offering; the shift to nominative in a list of cultic items is a Hebraizing anacoluthon common in these rubrics.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the new-moon offerings)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive (of the new-moon offerings).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (listed accompaniment)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation / drink offering'; renders נֶסֶךְ; the wine poured out with the burnt-offering, prescribed by quantity at Num 28:7, 14.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the continual offering)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ὁλοκαύτωμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαύτωμαwhole burnt offeringNominativenominative (the continual daily offering)→ participant prominenceὁλοκαύτωμα: here the standing daily burnt-offering (the תָּמִיד), to which both new-moon and festal offerings are added.
τὸtheNominativearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰthrough / continuallypreposition + genitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός: 'continually')→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in the phrase διὰ παντός ('through all [time], perpetually').
παντὸςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: the idiom τὸ … διὰ παντός renders הַתָּמִיד ('the continual [offering]'), the perpetual morning-and-evening burnt-offering of Num 28:3–8.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniments)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offering belonging to the continual burnt-offering.
αὐτῶνtheir / itsGenitivepossessive genitive (of the continual offering)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive (of the continual offering).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's libations)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: the libations belonging to the continual burnt-offering.
αὐτῶνtheir / itsGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm/standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; introduces the regulating standard for the offerings' proportions.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύγκρισιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύγκρισινordinance / proportionAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the regulating norm)→ object specificationσύγκρισις: 'combination / proportion / due measure'; from συγκρίνω; here 'the prescribed ordinance/ratio' (rendering מִשְׁפָּט, 'the ruling/manner'); κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν marks the offerings as conforming to the fixed cultic standard; recurs throughout the Booths section (vv. 18, 21, etc.).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the offerings)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive (of the offerings).
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose).
ὀσμὴνaromaAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: 'smell'; with εὐωδίας, the cultic-acceptance formula closing the offering rubric.
εὐωδίαςof a sweet smellGenitivegenitive of quality (defining ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance'; ὀσμὴ εὐωδίας, the formula of acceptance.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the recipient of the aroma.
7
καὶ τῇ δεκάτῃ τοῦ μηνὸς τούτου ἐπίκλητος ἁγία ἔσται ὑμῖν καὶ κακώσετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν καὶ πᾶν ἔργον οὐ ποιήσετε
And on the tenth of this month there shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall afflict your souls, and no work shall you do.
The second feast of the seventh month, the Day of Atonement, is introduced. It shares the convocation- and rest-formulas with Trumpets but adds the unique command καὶ κακώσετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ('you shall afflict your souls') — the self-denial/fasting that distinguishes this day. Note the absolute πᾶν ἔργον (without λατρευτόν), a stricter prohibition than the feast-day formula.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (advancing to a new day)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheDativearticle (with δεκάτῃ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεκάτῃtenthDativedative of time when (substantival ordinal: 'on the tenth')→ sphere or referenceδέκατος: 'tenth'; renders הֶעָשׂוֹר; the tenth of the seventh month is Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement (cf. Lev 16; 23:27).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μηνός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthGenitivepartitive genitive ('of the month')→ relational specificationμήν: 'month'; the same seventh month as v. 1.
τούτουthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying μηνός)→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; τοῦ μηνὸς τούτου ties the Atonement day back to the seventh month already named.
ἐπίκλητοςconvocationNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceἐπίκλητος: 'summoned assembly'; the same holy-convocation formula as v. 1.
ἁγίαholyNominativepredicate adjective (modifying ἐπίκλητος)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy'; the Day of Atonement is the holiest of the year.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predicate of convocation)→ legislative future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut.): the legislative ἔσται of cultic ordinance.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage (2nd pl.)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'for you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (2nd pl.).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the distinctive command)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κακώσετεyou shall afflictFut Act Indic 2 Pl · κακόωmain verb (the distinctive Atonement-day command)→ legislative future (binding self-denial command)κακόω: 'afflict / mistreat / humble'; renders עִנָּה (Piel of ענה, 'to afflict/humble oneself'); the idiom κακώσετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν ('afflict your souls') is the LXX's standard rendering of the Day-of-Atonement fasting/self-denial command (cf. Lev 16:29, 31; 23:27, 32).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ψυχάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὰςsouls / selvesAccusativedirect object of κακώσετε→ object specificationψυχή: 'soul / life / self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν is reflexive ('yourselves'); the 'affliction of soul' denotes fasting and humble self-denial — the inward posture of the Day of Atonement.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive (with ψυχάς)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive (with ψυχάς).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνanyAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἔργον; under negation)→ object specificationπᾶς: with the negative, 'no work at all'; here the absolute πᾶν ἔργον (without λατρευτόν) marks the stricter Atonement-day rest — like the Sabbath, all work is forbidden.
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε→ object specificationἔργον: 'work'; the unqualified prohibition (contrast the λατρευτόν of vv. 1, 12, 35) signals the total rest proper to the Day of Atonement.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιήσετε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: categorical negation with the future indicative.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (prohibition)→ prohibitive future (categorical ban)ποιέω: the prohibitive future, here with absolute scope.
8
καὶ προσοίσετε ὁλοκαυτώματα εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας καρπώματα κυρίῳ μόσχον ἕνα ἐκ βοῶν κριὸν ἕνα ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἑπτά ἄμωμοι ἔσονται ὑμῖν
And you shall bring near whole burnt offerings for a soothing aroma, fire offerings to the LORD: one bull-calf from the herd, one ram, seven yearling lambs — they shall be without blemish for you;
The Atonement-day burnt-offering matches the Trumpets tariff exactly (one bull, one ram, seven lambs). The verb shifts to προσοίσετε ('you shall bring near', the technical cultic 'present/offer'), and καρπώματα ('fire offerings') is added in apposition. The closing ἄμωμοι ἔσονται ὑμῖν makes the unblemished requirement an explicit clause.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσοίσετεyou shall bring near / offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · προσφέρωmain verb (command to present the offering)→ legislative future (prescriptive command)προσφέρω: 'bring to / present / offer'; the technical LXX verb for presenting a sacrifice (rendering הִקְרִיב, 'bring near'); the future προσοίσετε prescribes the Atonement-day offering; cf. its sustained cultic use in Heb 5–10.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole burnt offeringsAccusativedirect object of προσοίσετε→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: the whole burnt offering, as in v. 2.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose).
ὀσμὴνaromaAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: with εὐωδίας, the acceptance formula.
εὐωδίαςof a sweet smellGenitivegenitive of quality (defining ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance'; the acceptance formula.
καρπώματαfire offeringsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ὁλοκαυτώματα→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'offering presented (by fire) / yield-offering'; from καρπόω ('offer up'); renders אִשֶּׁה ('fire-offering'); used interchangeably in chs. 28–29 with ὁλοκαύτωμα to stress the offering's consumption on the altar.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the offering's recipient.
μόσχονbull-calfAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the victim specified)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; one, as on Trumpets day.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying μόσχον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single bull for the Day of Atonement.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
βοῶνof the herdGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ)→ relational specificationβοῦς: 'cattle'; ἐκ βοῶν, 'of the herd'.
κριὸνramAccusativeaccusative (second victim)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; one.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying κριόν)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the single ram.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; seven.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old'; the lambs in their first year.
ἑπτάsevennumeral (indeclinable; modifying ἀμνούς)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the sabbatical lamb-count.
ἄμωμοιwithout blemishNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσονται)→ participant prominenceἄμωμος: 'unblemished'; here predicative ('they shall be unblemished'), making the perfection-requirement an explicit clause rather than an attributive (contrast v. 2).
ἔσονταιthey shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (predicating ἄμωμοι of the victims)→ legislative future (requirement of perfection)εἰμί (fut. 3 pl.): the legislative future stating the unblemished requirement as a binding condition.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage / reference→ participant reference or interestσύ (pl.): 'for/to you', i.e. the victims you present must be unblemished.
9
ἡ θυσία αὐτῶν σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ τρία δέκατα τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνὶ καὶ δύο δέκατα τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνί
Their grain offering: fine flour mixed with oil — three tenths for the one bull, and two tenths for the one ram;
The Atonement-day grain tariff repeats the Trumpets tariff verbatim (cf. v. 3): three tenths per bull, two per ram. The repetition is part of the calendar's fixed formulaic structure.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ἡtheNominativearticle (with θυσία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαgrain offeringNominativesubject (predicated by σεμίδαλις)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the accompanying cereal offering, as in v. 3.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτός: referring to the Atonement-day victims of v. 8.
σεμίδαλιςfine flourNominativepredicate nominative (defining θυσία)→ participant prominenceσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; renders סֹלֶת.
ἀναπεποιημένηmixedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμίδαλις)→ resultative perfect (settled prepared state)ἀναποιέω: 'work up / mix'; the perfect passive participle, as in v. 3, rendering בְּלוּלָה ('mingled with oil').
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means).
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'; the oil mingled with the flour.
τρίαthreeAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα)→ measure or countτρεῖς (n. τρία): 'three'; the bull's tariff.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativeaccusative of measure (the bull's flour-portion)→ object specificationδέκατον: 'a tenth' of an ephah; three for the bull.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with μόσχῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχῳbullDativedative of reference ('for the bull')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative of allotment.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying μόσχῳ)→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; 'for the one bull'.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying δέκατα)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the ram's tariff.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativeaccusative of measure (the ram's portion)→ object specificationδέκατον: two tenths for the ram.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with κριῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριῷramDativedative of reference ('for the ram')→ sphere or referenceκριός: the dative of allotment.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνίoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying κριῷ)→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; 'for the one ram'.
10
δέκατον δέκατον τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνὶ εἰς τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἀμνούς
a tenth, a tenth for the one lamb, for the seven lambs;
As at v. 4, the distributive doubling δέκατον δέκατον assigns one tenth to each lamb, now phrased εἰς τοὺς ἑπτὰ ἀμνούς ('for the seven lambs'). The grain tariff for Atonement is thus identical to Trumpets.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δέκατονa tenthAccusativeaccusative of measure (distributive, first of pair)→ object specificationδέκατον: 'a tenth'; the lamb's portion.
δέκατονa tenthAccusativeaccusative of measure (distributive repetition)→ object specificationδέκατον: the distributive doubling 'a tenth apiece'.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνῷlambDativedative of reference ('for the lamb')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative of allotment, one tenth per lamb.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying ἀμνῷ)→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; 'for the one lamb', distributively.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (distributive reference)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς + acc.: here 'for / with respect to', summing the apportionment over the seven lambs.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀμνούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑπτὰsevennumeral (indeclinable; modifying ἀμνούς)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the lamb-count.
ἀμνούςlambsAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the seven lambs collectively)→ object specificationἀμνός: the accusative plural under εἰς, restating the total.
11
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ὑμῶν πλὴν τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας τῆς ἐξιλάσεως καὶ ἡ ὁλοκαύτωσις ἡ διὰ παντός ἡ θυσία αὐτῆς καὶ ἡ σπονδὴ αὐτῆς κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κάρπωμα κυρίῳ
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering, to make atonement for you — besides the sin offering of atonement and the continual whole burnt offering, its grain offering and its drink offering, according to their ordinance, for a soothing aroma, a fire offering to the LORD.
The Atonement-day sin-goat (as v. 5) is followed by a distinctive πλήν-clause that names a third standing item: τὸ περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας τῆς ἐξιλάσεως — 'the sin offering of atonement', i.e. the special Yom Kippur sin-offering of Lev 16 (the goat for YHWH and the scapegoat), to which even this festal goat is subordinated, alongside the continual offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 38 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the daily festal sin-goat, as in v. 5.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν, 'of the goats'.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'concerning sin')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning'; περὶ ἁμαρτίας, the sin-offering formula.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'; rendering חַטָּאת.
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιinfinitive of purpose→ telic aorist infinitive (purpose of the rite)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement'; rendering כִּפֶּר; the infinitive of purpose, as in v. 5.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (on behalf of)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'on behalf of'.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivegenitive object of περί (the people atoned for)→ relational specificationσύ (pl.): the beneficiaries of atonement.
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides / apart from'; the structuring rubric subordinating the festal goat to the standing Yom Kippur offerings; rendering מִלְּבַד.
τὸthe [offering]Nominativesubstantival article ('the [sin offering]')→ noun-phrase markingὁ/τό: the neuter article substantivizes the following περὶ-phrase: 'the [offering] for the sin', i.e. the proper Day-of-Atonement sin-offering.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (defining the substantivized offering)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning'; with the article, naming the sin-offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ἁμαρτίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: here the special Day-of-Atonement sin-offering (the goat for YHWH, Lev 16:9, 15).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with ἐξιλάσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐξιλάσεωςatonementGenitivegenitive of quality (defining the sin-offering: 'of atonement')→ relational specificationἐξίλασις: 'atonement / propitiation'; the cognate noun of ἐξιλάσκομαι; τῆς ἁμαρτίας τῆς ἐξιλάσεως = 'the sin-offering of atonement', the unique Yom Kippur rite of Lev 16, here held distinct from and prior to the festal goat.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with ὁλοκαύτωσις)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαύτωσιςwhole burnt offeringNominativenominative (the continual offering, listed)→ participant prominenceὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt-offering / holocaust'; a near-synonym of ὁλοκαύτωμα stressing the act of burning; here the continual offering (ἡ διὰ παντός).
ἡtheNominativearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰcontinuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually'.
παντόςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: ἡ διὰ παντός = 'the continual [offering]', the perpetual תָּמִיד.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with θυσία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαgrain offeringNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniment)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offering belonging to the continual burnt-offering.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivepossessive genitive (of the ὁλοκαύτωσις, fem.)→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine singular, referring to ἡ ὁλοκαύτωσις.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with σπονδή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὴdrink offeringNominativenominative (the continual offering's libation)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation'; the drink offering belonging to the continual offering.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτός: feminine singular, referring to ἡ ὁλοκαύτωσις.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the regulating standard.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύγκρισιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύγκρισινordinanceAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the prescribed proportion)→ object specificationσύγκρισις: 'prescribed proportion / ordinance'; κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν, 'according to the ordinance' (rendering מִשְׁפָּט).
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose).
ὀσμὴνaromaAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: with εὐωδίας, the acceptance formula.
εὐωδίαςof a sweet smellGenitivegenitive of quality (defining ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance'; the acceptance formula.
κάρπωμαa fire offeringAccusativeaccusative in apposition (summarizing the offering)→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'fire-offering'; rendering אִשֶּׁה; in apposition, summing the whole as an offering by fire to the LORD.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the recipient.
12
καὶ τῇ πεντεκαιδεκάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ μηνὸς τοῦ ἑβδόμου τούτου ἐπίκλητος ἁγία ἔσται ὑμῖν πᾶν ἔργον λατρευτὸν οὐ ποιήσετε καὶ ἑορτάσετε αὐτὴν ἑορτὴν κυρίῳ ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας
And on the fifteenth day of this seventh month there shall be a holy convocation for you; no servile work shall you do; and you shall keep it as a feast to the LORD for seven days.
The third and greatest of the seventh-month feasts — Booths/Tabernacles — opens on the fifteenth. The convocation- and rest-formulas recur, but a new element is added: ἑορτάσετε … ἑορτὴν κυρίῳ ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ('you shall keep it as a feast to the LORD seven days'), framing the descending bull-offerings of vv. 13–34.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (advancing to a new feast)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντεκαιδεκάτῃfifteenthDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceπεντεκαιδέκατος: 'fifteenth'; renders חֲמִשָּׁה עָשָׂר; the Feast of Booths begins five days after the Day of Atonement (cf. Lev 23:34).
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the fifteenth day of the month.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μηνός)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μηνὸςmonthGenitivepartitive genitive→ relational specificationμήν: 'month'; the seventh month.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἑβδόμου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμουseventhGenitiveattributive ordinal (modifying μηνός)→ relational specificationἕβδομος: 'seventh'; specifying the month.
τούτουthisGenitivedemonstrative adjective (modifying μηνός)→ relational specificationοὗτος: 'this'; tying the feast to the seventh month already in view.
ἐπίκλητοςconvocationNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceἐπίκλητος: 'summoned assembly'; the holy-convocation formula.
ἁγίαholyNominativepredicate adjective (modifying ἐπίκλητος)→ participant prominenceἅγιος: 'holy'; the first day of Booths is a holy convocation.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predicate of convocation)→ legislative future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut.): the legislative ἔσται.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage (2nd pl.)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'for you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (2nd pl.).
πᾶνanyAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἔργον; under negation)→ object specificationπᾶς: with the negation, 'no … at all'.
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε→ object specificationἔργον: 'work'; qualified by λατρευτόν (servile labor).
λατρευτὸνservileAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationλατρευτός: 'of servile labor'; the feast-day rest formula (cf. vv. 1, 35), less absolute than the Atonement-day πᾶν ἔργον.
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιήσετε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: categorical negation.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (prohibition)→ prohibitive future (categorical ban)ποιέω: the prohibitive future of the rest-formula.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the feast-command)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑορτάσετεyou shall celebrateFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἑορτάζωmain verb (positive command to keep the feast)→ legislative future (binding festal command)ἑορτάζω: 'keep a feast / celebrate'; renders חָגַג; the cognate of ἑορτή; the only explicit 'celebrate' verb in the chapter, marking Booths as the great pilgrim-festival of rejoicing.
αὐτὴνitAccusativedirect object of ἑορτάσετε (resuming the day/feast)→ participant referenceαὐτός: feminine accusative, anticipating ἑορτήν; 'you shall celebrate it (the feast)'.
ἑορτὴνa feastAccusativecognate/predicate accusative (with ἑορτάσετε)→ object specificationἑορτή: 'feast / festival'; renders חַג; the cognate accusative ἑορτάσετε … ἑορτήν ('keep it as a feast') is a figura etymologica; Booths is the ἑορτή par excellence (cf. John 7:2).
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient (the feast's honoree)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the feast is kept to YHWH.
ἑπτὰsevennumeral (indeclinable; modifying ἡμέρας)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the feast's duration, over which the descending bull-count is spread.
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration ('for seven days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative of extent of time, marking the seven-day span of Booths.
13
καὶ προσάξετε ὁλοκαυτώματα καρπώματα εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας κυρίῳ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πρώτῃ μόσχους ἐκ βοῶν τρεῖς καὶ δέκα κριοὺς δύο ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους δέκα τέσσαρας ἄμωμοι ἔσονται
And you shall offer whole burnt offerings, fire offerings for a soothing aroma to the LORD, on the first day: thirteen bull-calves from the herd, two rams, fourteen yearling lambs — they shall be without blemish;
The signature offering of Booths begins. Day one requires thirteen bulls (μόσχους … τρεῖς καὶ δέκα), the apex of the descending series that will fall by one each day to seven (v. 32) — seventy bulls in all. The rams (two) and lambs (fourteen) remain constant throughout the week. The verb is προσάξετε ('you shall bring near').
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξετεyou shall bring near / offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · προσάγωmain verb (command to present the offering)→ legislative future (prescriptive command)προσάγω: 'bring to / present'; renders הִקְרִיב; like προσφέρω, a technical cultic verb for presenting a sacrifice; governs the day-by-day Booths offerings.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole burnt offeringsAccusativedirect object of προσάξετε→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: the whole burnt offering.
καρπώματαfire offeringsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ὁλοκαυτώματα→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'fire-offering'; rendering אִשֶּׁה; in apposition with ὁλοκαυτώματα.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose).
ὀσμὴνaromaAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: with εὐωδίας, the acceptance formula.
εὐωδίαςof a sweet smellGenitivegenitive of quality (defining ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance'; the acceptance formula.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the recipient.
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the first day of the feast.
τῇtheDativearticle (with πρώτῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρώτῃfirstDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceπρῶτος: 'first'; renders הָרִאשׁוֹן; the first day's thirteen bulls head the descending series.
μόσχουςbull-calvesAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the day's victims)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; now in the plural — the multiplied bulls of Booths, beginning at thirteen.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
βοῶνof the herdGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐκ)→ relational specificationβοῦς: 'cattle'; ἐκ βοῶν, 'of the herd'.
τρεῖςthreeAccusativenumeral (with καὶ δέκα: 'thirteen', modifying μόσχους)→ measure or countτρεῖς: 'three'; in the compound τρεῖς καὶ δέκα ('three and ten' = thirteen), rendering שְׁלֹשָׁה עָשָׂר; the largest single-day bull-count of the festal year.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable; with τρεῖς καί: 'thirteen')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable; the compound τρεῖς καὶ δέκα = thirteen.
κριοὺςramsAccusativeaccusative (second class of victim)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; two per day throughout Booths (a constant, against the descending bulls).
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the constant ram-count of the feast.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; fourteen per day throughout Booths (a constant).
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old'; the lambs in their first year.
δέκαtennumeral (with τέσσαρας: 'fourteen', modifying ἀμνούς)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; in the compound δέκα τέσσαρας ('ten-four' = fourteen).
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (with δέκα: 'fourteen')→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; δέκα τέσσαρας = fourteen, rendering אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר; the constant lamb-count of Booths (= 2 × seven).
ἄμωμοιwithout blemishNominativepredicate adjective (with ἔσονται)→ participant prominenceἄμωμος: 'unblemished'; predicative, as in v. 8.
ἔσονταιthey shall beFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίmain verb (predicating ἄμωμοι of the victims)→ legislative future (requirement of perfection)εἰμί (fut. 3 pl.): the legislative future stating the unblemished requirement.
14
αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν σεμίδαλις ἀναπεποιημένη ἐν ἐλαίῳ τρία δέκατα τῷ μόσχῳ τῷ ἑνὶ τοῖς τρισκαίδεκα μόσχοις καὶ δύο δέκατα τῷ κριῷ τῷ ἑνὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς δύο κριούς
Their grain offerings: fine flour mixed with oil — three tenths for the one bull, for the thirteen bulls, and two tenths for the one ram, for the two rams;
The same per-animal tariff (3 tenths/bull, 2/ram) is now distributed over the larger Booths numbers: three tenths for each of the thirteen bulls, two for each of the two rams. The explicit τοῖς τρισκαίδεκα μόσχοις ('for the thirteen bulls') and ἐπὶ τοὺς δύο κριούς ('over the two rams') spell out the multiplication.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativesubject (predicated by σεμίδαλις)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal accompaniments; the plural matches the multiplied victims of Booths.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτός: referring to the day-1 victims of v. 13.
σεμίδαλιςfine flourNominativepredicate nominative (defining θυσίαι)→ participant prominenceσεμίδαλις: 'fine wheat flour'; renders סֹלֶת.
ἀναπεποιημένηmixedPerf Mid/Pass Ptcp Nom Fem Sg · ἀναποιέωattributive participle (modifying σεμίδαλις)→ resultative perfect (settled prepared state)ἀναποιέω: 'mix / knead'; the perfect passive participle, as in vv. 3, 9.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (means).
ἐλαίῳoilDativedative of means (with ἐν)→ sphere or referenceἔλαιον: 'olive oil'.
τρίαthreeAccusativenumeral (modifying δέκατα)→ measure or countτρεῖς (n. τρία): 'three'; the per-bull tariff.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativeaccusative of measure (the bull's flour-portion)→ object specificationδέκατον: 'a tenth'; three per bull.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with μόσχῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχῳbullDativedative of reference ('for the bull')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative of allotment (distributive singular).
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying μόσχῳ)→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; 'for the one bull', distributively.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with μόσχοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρισκαίδεκαthirteennumeral (indeclinable; modifying μόσχοις)→ clausal contributionτρισκαίδεκα: 'thirteen'; indeclinable; here the synthetic form (contrast the analytic τρεῖς καὶ δέκα of v. 13), summing the day's bulls over which the three-tenths tariff is applied.
μόσχοιςbullsDativedative of reference ('for the thirteen bulls')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative plural summing the day's thirteen bulls.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying δέκατα)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the per-ram tariff.
δέκαταtenthsAccusativeaccusative of measure (the ram's portion)→ object specificationδέκατον: two tenths per ram.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with κριῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριῷramDativedative of reference ('for the ram')→ sphere or referenceκριός: the dative of allotment.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying κριῷ)→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; 'for the one ram', distributively.
ἐπὶover / forpreposition + accusative (distributive reference)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: here 'over / applied to', distributing the two-tenths tariff over the two rams.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with κριούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the day's two rams.
κριούςramsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί ('for the two rams')→ object specificationκριός: the accusative plural under ἐπί, summing the two rams.
15
δέκατον δέκατον τῷ ἀμνῷ τῷ ἑνὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα ἀμνούς
a tenth, a tenth for the one lamb, for the fourteen lambs;
The distributive doubling assigns one tenth to each of the fourteen lambs (ἐπὶ τοὺς τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα ἀμνούς). The grain-tariff (3/2/1) is constant per animal across all the feasts; only the multipliers change with the daily counts.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
δέκατονa tenthAccusativeaccusative of measure (distributive, first of pair)→ object specificationδέκατον: 'a tenth'; the per-lamb portion.
δέκατονa tenthAccusativeaccusative of measure (distributive repetition)→ object specificationδέκατον: distributive doubling 'a tenth apiece'.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνῷlambDativedative of reference ('for the lamb')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative of allotment, one tenth per lamb.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἑνί)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑνὶoneDativenumeral adjective (modifying ἀμνῷ)→ sphere or referenceεἷς: 'one'; 'for the one lamb', distributively.
ἐπὶfor / overpreposition + accusative (distributive reference)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: 'applied to', distributing the one-tenth over the fourteen lambs.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀμνούς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (with καὶ δέκα: 'fourteen', modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; in τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable; with τέσσαρας καί: 'fourteen')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen, the day's lamb-count.
ἀμνούςlambsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί ('for the fourteen lambs')→ object specificationἀμνός: the accusative plural summing the fourteen lambs.
16
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering — besides the continual whole burnt offering, their grain offerings and their drink offerings.
Each Booths day closes with the daily sin-goat and a shortened πλήν-clause: the festal offerings are 'besides the continual whole burnt offering' (πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός) with its grain and drink offerings. This closing formula recurs near-verbatim at the end of every Booths day (vv. 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34).
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the daily sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the daily sin-goat, one each day of Booths.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν, 'of the goats'.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat per day.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose: 'for sin')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: περὶ ἁμαρτίας, the sin-offering formula.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'; rendering חַטָּאת.
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides / apart from'; subordinating the day's offerings to the continual offering; rendering מִלְּבַד.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: 'whole burnt-offering'; here the continual offering (τῆς διὰ παντός), to which the festal sacrifices are added.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰcontinuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually'.
παντόςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: τῆς διὰ παντός = 'the continual [offering]', the perpetual תָּמִיד.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniments, listed)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offerings belonging to the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's libations)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation'; the drink offerings belonging to the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
17
καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ δευτέρᾳ μόσχους δώδεκα κριοὺς δύο ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα ἀμώμους
And on the second day: twelve bull-calves, two rams, fourteen yearling lambs without blemish;
Day two: the bulls fall from thirteen to twelve (μόσχους δώδεκα), while rams (two) and lambs (fourteen) hold constant. From here each day's heading is abbreviated to the bare count; the verb of offering is gapped (understood from v. 13).
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (advancing to day 2)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the second day of the feast.
τῇtheDativearticle (with δευτέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δευτέρᾳsecondDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceδεύτερος: 'second'; renders הַשֵּׁנִי; the second day of the descending series.
μόσχουςbull-calvesAccusativedirect object (of the gapped προσάξετε)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; twelve on day two.
δώδεκαtwelvenumeral (indeclinable; modifying μόσχους)→ clausal contributionδώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable; renders שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר; the second step of the descending bull-count.
κριοὺςramsAccusativeaccusative (second class of victim)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; constant at two.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the constant ram-count.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; constant at fourteen.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old'.
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (with καὶ δέκα: 'fourteen', modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; in τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable; with τέσσαρας καί: 'fourteen')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished'; here attributive (the day-headings revert to the attributive form).
18
ἡ θυσία αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ σπονδὴ αὐτῶν τοῖς μόσχοις καὶ τοῖς κριοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἀμνοῖς κατὰ ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν
their grain offering and their drink offering for the bulls and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their ordinance;
From day two onward the grain-tariff is no longer itemized but compressed into a formula: the grain and drink offerings for bulls, rams, and lambs are reckoned κατὰ ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν ('according to their number, according to their ordinance') — i.e. by the same 3/2/1 ratio already specified, simply scaled to each day's count. This compressed formula recurs at vv. 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 37.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἡtheNominativearticle (with θυσία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαgrain offeringNominativesubject (nominativus pendens, summarizing item)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal accompaniment, now in the compressed daily formula.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτός: referring to the day-2 victims of v. 17.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with σπονδή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὴdrink offeringNominativesubject (coordinate with θυσία)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation'; the drink offering accompanying the day's victims.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with μόσχοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχοιςbullsDativedative of reference ('for the bulls')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative listing the first class of victim to which the offerings apply.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with κριοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῖςramsDativedative of reference ('for the rams')→ sphere or referenceκριός: the dative listing the rams.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative of reference ('for the lambs')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative listing the lambs.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; introducing the regulating standard.
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά ('according to their number')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number / count'; renders מִסְפָּר; κατὰ ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν means the grain/drink offerings are scaled to the day's victim-count.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive (of the victims).
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the second regulating phrase.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύγκρισιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύγκρισινordinanceAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the prescribed proportion)→ object specificationσύγκρισις: 'prescribed proportion / ordinance'; κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν, 'according to their ordinance' (the fixed 3/2/1 ratio).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
19
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering — besides the continual whole burnt offering, their grain offerings and their drink offerings.
The day-2 sin-goat and the standing πλήν-formula, verbatim as in v. 16. The chapter's repetitiveness is itself rhetorical, embedding the descending bull-count in an otherwise unvarying liturgical frame.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the daily sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the daily sin-goat.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν, 'of the goats'.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat per day.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: περὶ ἁμαρτίας, the sin-offering formula.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'; rendering חַטָּאת.
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides'; the standing subordinating rubric.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: the continual offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰcontinuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually'.
παντόςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: τῆς διὰ παντός, the perpetual תָּמִיד.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniments)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offerings of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's libations)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: the libations of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
20
τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ μόσχους ἕνδεκα κριοὺς δύο ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα ἀμώμους
On the third day: eleven bull-calves, two rams, fourteen yearling lambs without blemish;
Day three: the bulls fall to eleven (μόσχους ἕνδεκα); rams and lambs constant. Note the day-heading now drops even the initial καί, beginning bare with the dative of time — the formula tightens as the series proceeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the third day.
τῇtheDativearticle (with τρίτῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτῃthirdDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: 'third'; renders הַשְּׁלִישִׁי.
μόσχουςbull-calvesAccusativedirect object (of the gapped προσάξετε)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; eleven on day three.
ἕνδεκαelevennumeral (indeclinable; modifying μόσχους)→ clausal contributionἕνδεκα: 'eleven'; indeclinable; renders עַשְׁתֵּי עָשָׂר; the third step of the descending count.
κριοὺςramsAccusativeaccusative (second class of victim)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; constant at two.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the constant ram-count.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; constant at fourteen.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old'.
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (with καὶ δέκα: 'fourteen', modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable; with τέσσαρας καί: 'fourteen')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished'.
21
ἡ θυσία αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ σπονδὴ αὐτῶν τοῖς μόσχοις καὶ τοῖς κριοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἀμνοῖς κατὰ ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν
their grain offering and their drink offering for the bulls and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their ordinance;
The compressed daily formula, verbatim as v. 18: grain and drink offerings for bulls, rams, and lambs reckoned by their number and ordinance.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ἡtheNominativearticle (with θυσία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαgrain offeringNominativesubject (summarizing item)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal accompaniment.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτός: referring to the day-3 victims.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with σπονδή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὴdrink offeringNominativesubject (coordinate with θυσία)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with μόσχοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχοιςbullsDativedative of reference ('for the bulls')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative listing the bulls.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with κριοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῖςramsDativedative of reference ('for the rams')→ sphere or referenceκριός: the dative listing the rams.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative of reference ('for the lambs')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative listing the lambs.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'.
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά ('according to their number')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number'; the offerings scaled to the day's count.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: the second regulating phrase.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύγκρισιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύγκρισινordinanceAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the prescribed proportion)→ object specificationσύγκρισις: 'prescribed proportion / ordinance'; the fixed 3/2/1 ratio.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
22
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering — besides the continual whole burnt offering, their grain offerings and their drink offerings.
The day-3 sin-goat and the standing πλήν-formula, verbatim as vv. 16, 19.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the daily sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the daily sin-goat.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν, 'of the goats'.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: περὶ ἁμαρτίας, the sin-offering formula.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'.
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides'; the standing subordinating rubric.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: the continual offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰcontinuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually'.
παντόςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: τῆς διὰ παντός, the perpetual תָּמִיד.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniments)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offerings of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's libations)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: the libations of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
23
τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τετάρτῃ μόσχους δέκα κριοὺς δύο ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα ἀμώμους
On the fourth day: ten bull-calves, two rams, fourteen yearling lambs without blemish;
Day four: the bulls fall to ten (μόσχους δέκα); rams and lambs constant. The midpoint of the descending series.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the fourth day.
τῇtheDativearticle (with τετάρτῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετάρτῃfourthDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceτέταρτος: 'fourth'; renders הָרְבִיעִי.
μόσχουςbull-calvesAccusativedirect object (of the gapped προσάξετε)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; ten on day four.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable; modifying μόσχους)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; indeclinable; renders עֲשָׂרָה; the fourth step of the descending count.
κριοὺςramsAccusativeaccusative (second class of victim)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; constant at two.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the constant ram-count.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; constant at fourteen.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old'.
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (with καὶ δέκα: 'fourteen', modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable; with τέσσαρας καί: 'fourteen')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished'.
24
αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν τοῖς μόσχοις καὶ τοῖς κριοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἀμνοῖς κατὰ ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν
their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bulls and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their ordinance;
The compressed daily formula, here with plural αἱ θυσίαι … αἱ σπονδαί (against the singular of vv. 18, 21) — a minor stylistic variation within the otherwise fixed formula; the sense is unchanged.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativesubject (summarizing item; plural variant)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal accompaniments; here plural.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτός: referring to the day-4 victims.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativesubject (coordinate with θυσίαι; plural variant)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation'; here plural.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with μόσχοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχοιςbullsDativedative of reference ('for the bulls')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative listing the bulls.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with κριοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῖςramsDativedative of reference ('for the rams')→ sphere or referenceκριός: the dative listing the rams.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative of reference ('for the lambs')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative listing the lambs.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'.
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά ('according to their number')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number'; the offerings scaled to the day's count.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: the second regulating phrase.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύγκρισιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύγκρισινordinanceAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the prescribed proportion)→ object specificationσύγκρισις: 'prescribed proportion / ordinance'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
25
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering — besides the continual whole burnt offering, their grain offerings and their drink offerings.
The day-4 sin-goat and the standing πλήν-formula, verbatim as the preceding Booths days.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the daily sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the daily sin-goat.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν, 'of the goats'.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: περὶ ἁμαρτίας, the sin-offering formula.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'.
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides'; the standing subordinating rubric.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: the continual offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰcontinuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually'.
παντόςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: τῆς διὰ παντός, the perpetual תָּמִיד.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniments)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offerings of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's libations)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: the libations of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
26
τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ πέμπτῃ μόσχους ἐννέα κριοὺς δύο ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα ἀμώμους
On the fifth day: nine bull-calves, two rams, fourteen yearling lambs without blemish;
Day five: the bulls fall to nine (μόσχους ἐννέα); rams and lambs constant.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the fifth day.
τῇtheDativearticle (with πέμπτῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέμπτῃfifthDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceπέμπτος: 'fifth'; renders הַחֲמִישִׁי.
μόσχουςbull-calvesAccusativedirect object (of the gapped προσάξετε)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; nine on day five.
ἐννέαninenumeral (indeclinable; modifying μόσχους)→ measure or countἐννέα: 'nine'; indeclinable; renders תִּשְׁעָה; the fifth step of the descending count.
κριοὺςramsAccusativeaccusative (second class of victim)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; constant at two.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the constant ram-count.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; constant at fourteen.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old'.
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (with καὶ δέκα: 'fourteen', modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable; with τέσσαρας καί: 'fourteen')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished'.
27
αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν τοῖς μόσχοις καὶ τοῖς κριοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἀμνοῖς κατὰ ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν
their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bulls and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their ordinance;
The compressed daily formula, verbatim as v. 24 (plural αἱ θυσίαι … αἱ σπονδαί).
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativesubject (summarizing item)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal accompaniments; plural.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτός: referring to the day-5 victims.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativesubject (coordinate with θυσίαι)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation'; plural.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with μόσχοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχοιςbullsDativedative of reference ('for the bulls')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative listing the bulls.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with κριοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῖςramsDativedative of reference ('for the rams')→ sphere or referenceκριός: the dative listing the rams.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative of reference ('for the lambs')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative listing the lambs.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'.
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά ('according to their number')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number'; scaled to the day's count.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: the second regulating phrase.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύγκρισιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύγκρισινordinanceAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the prescribed proportion)→ object specificationσύγκρισις: 'prescribed proportion / ordinance'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
28
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering — besides the continual whole burnt offering, their grain offerings and their drink offerings.
The day-5 sin-goat and the standing πλήν-formula, verbatim as the preceding Booths days.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the daily sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the daily sin-goat.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν, 'of the goats'.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: περὶ ἁμαρτίας, the sin-offering formula.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'.
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides'; the standing subordinating rubric.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: the continual offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰcontinuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually'.
παντόςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: τῆς διὰ παντός, the perpetual תָּמִיד.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniments)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offerings of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's libations)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: the libations of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
29
τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἕκτῃ μόσχους ὀκτώ κριοὺς δύο ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους δέκα τέσσαρας ἀμώμους
On the sixth day: eight bull-calves, two rams, fourteen yearling lambs without blemish;
Day six: the bulls fall to eight (μόσχους ὀκτώ); rams and lambs constant. Note the lamb-count here is written δέκα τέσσαρας ('ten-four'), the inverse word-order of the τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα found on the other days — a minor scribal variation in the LXX, the number unchanged at fourteen.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the sixth day.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἕκτῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕκτῃsixthDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceἕκτος: 'sixth'; renders הַשִּׁשִּׁי.
μόσχουςbull-calvesAccusativedirect object (of the gapped προσάξετε)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; eight on day six.
ὀκτώeightnumeral (indeclinable; modifying μόσχους)→ measure or countὀκτώ: 'eight'; indeclinable; renders שְׁמֹנָה; the sixth step of the descending count.
κριοὺςramsAccusativeaccusative (second class of victim)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; constant at two.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the constant ram-count.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; constant at fourteen.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old'.
δέκαtennumeral (with τέσσαρας: 'fourteen', modifying ἀμνούς)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; here in the order δέκα τέσσαρας = fourteen.
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (with δέκα: 'fourteen')→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; δέκα τέσσαρας = fourteen, the constant lamb-count.
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished'.
30
αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν τοῖς μόσχοις καὶ τοῖς κριοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἀμνοῖς κατὰ ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν
their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bulls and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their ordinance;
The compressed daily formula, verbatim as vv. 24, 27.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativesubject (summarizing item)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal accompaniments.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτός: referring to the day-6 victims.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativesubject (coordinate with θυσίαι)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with μόσχοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχοιςbullsDativedative of reference ('for the bulls')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative listing the bulls.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with κριοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῖςramsDativedative of reference ('for the rams')→ sphere or referenceκριός: the dative listing the rams.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative of reference ('for the lambs')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative listing the lambs.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'.
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά ('according to their number')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number'; scaled to the day's count.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: the second regulating phrase.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύγκρισιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύγκρισινordinanceAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the prescribed proportion)→ object specificationσύγκρισις: 'prescribed proportion / ordinance'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
31
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering — besides the continual whole burnt offering, their grain offerings and their drink offerings.
The day-6 sin-goat and the standing πλήν-formula, verbatim as the preceding Booths days.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the daily sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the daily sin-goat.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν, 'of the goats'.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: περὶ ἁμαρτίας, the sin-offering formula.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'.
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides'; the standing subordinating rubric.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: the continual offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰcontinuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually'.
παντόςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: τῆς διὰ παντός, the perpetual תָּמִיד.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniments)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offerings of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's libations)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: the libations of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
32
τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ μόσχους ἑπτά κριοὺς δύο ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα ἀμώμους
On the seventh day: seven bull-calves, two rams, fourteen yearling lambs without blemish;
Day seven, the last day of the descending series: the bulls reach their floor of seven (μόσχους ἑπτά). The week's bulls total 13+12+11+10+9+8+7 = 70; rams 2×7 = 14; lambs 14×7 = 98. The sabbatical seven closes the descent.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the seventh day.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἑβδόμῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμῃseventhDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceἕβδομος: 'seventh'; renders הַשְּׁבִיעִי; the last day of the descending bull-series — seven bulls on the seventh day.
μόσχουςbull-calvesAccusativedirect object (of the gapped προσάξετε)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; seven on day seven, the base of the descent.
ἑπτάsevennumeral (indeclinable; modifying μόσχους)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the final, lowest bull-count, bringing the week's total to seventy.
κριοὺςramsAccusativeaccusative (second class of victim)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; constant at two.
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable; modifying κριούς)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the constant ram-count.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; constant at fourteen.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old'.
τέσσαραςfourAccusativenumeral (with καὶ δέκα: 'fourteen', modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationτέσσαρες: 'four'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (in the compound numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtennumeral (indeclinable; with τέσσαρας καί: 'fourteen')→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; τέσσαρας καὶ δέκα = fourteen.
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished'.
33
αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν τοῖς μόσχοις καὶ τοῖς κριοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἀμνοῖς κατὰ ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν
their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bulls and for the rams and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their ordinance;
The compressed daily formula, verbatim as vv. 24, 27, 30, closing the grain-offering specifications of the seven-day descent.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativesubject (summarizing item)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal accompaniments.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτός: referring to the day-7 victims.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativesubject (coordinate with θυσίαι)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with μόσχοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχοιςbullsDativedative of reference ('for the bulls')→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the dative listing the bulls.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with κριοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριοῖςramsDativedative of reference ('for the rams')→ sphere or referenceκριός: the dative listing the rams.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative of reference ('for the lambs')→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the dative listing the lambs.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'.
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά ('according to their number')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number'; scaled to the day's count.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: the second regulating phrase.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύγκρισιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύγκρισινordinanceAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the prescribed proportion)→ object specificationσύγκρισις: 'prescribed proportion / ordinance'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
34
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering — besides the continual whole burnt offering, their grain offerings and their drink offerings.
The day-7 sin-goat and the standing πλήν-formula, closing the seven-day Feast of Booths proper before the eighth-day assembly.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the daily sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the seventh and last of the Booths sin-goats.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν, 'of the goats'.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: περὶ ἁμαρτίας, the sin-offering formula.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'.
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides'; the standing subordinating rubric.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: the continual offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰcontinuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually'.
παντόςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: τῆς διὰ παντός, the perpetual תָּמִיד.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniments)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offerings of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's libations)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: the libations of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
35
καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ὀγδόῃ ἐξόδιον ἔσται ὑμῖν πᾶν ἔργον λατρευτὸν οὐ ποιήσετε ἐν αὐτῇ
And on the eighth day there shall be a closing assembly for you; no servile work shall you do on it.
The seven-day feast is followed by a distinct eighth day, not part of the descending series: an ἐξόδιον ('closing assembly / going-out feast') with the servile-work prohibition. This 'last, great day of the feast' (John 7:37) reverts the offering to a single bull (v. 36), breaking the Booths pattern and signalling the festal calendar's close.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (advancing to the eighth day)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ, dative of time)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time when→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the eighth day, the closing convocation of the autumn feasts.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ὀγδόῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀγδόῃeighthDativeattributive ordinal (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceὄγδοος: 'eighth'; renders הַשְּׁמִינִי; the eighth day stands outside the seven-day count as a separate solemn assembly (Lev 23:36; cf. the eschatological resonance of the 'eighth day').
ἐξόδιονclosing assemblyNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceἐξόδιον: 'closing/concluding [feast], finale'; from ἔξοδος ('going out'); renders עֲצֶרֶת ('solemn assembly / closing'); the LXX construes the eighth day as the 'going-out' or finale of the festal season; it is the great day behind John 7:37, ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ μεγάλῃ τῆς ἑορτῆς.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predicate of ἐξόδιον)→ legislative future (standing prescription)εἰμί (fut.): the legislative ἔσται.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage (2nd pl.)→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'for you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of advantage (2nd pl.).
πᾶνanyAccusativeattributive adjective (with ἔργον; under negation)→ object specificationπᾶς: with the negation, 'no … at all'.
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε→ object specificationἔργον: 'work'; qualified by λατρευτόν.
λατρευτὸνservileAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἔργον)→ object specificationλατρευτός: 'of servile labor'; the feast-day rest formula (cf. vv. 1, 12).
οὐnotnegative particle (with ποιήσετε)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: categorical negation.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (prohibition)→ prohibitive future (categorical ban)ποιέω: the prohibitive future of the rest-formula.
ἐνonpreposition + dative (temporal: 'on it')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here temporal, 'on it (that day)'.
αὐτῇitDativedative object of ἐν (resuming ἡμέρᾳ: 'on that day')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: feminine dative, referring back to ἡμέρᾳ; ἐν αὐτῇ, 'on it'.
36
καὶ προσάξετε ὁλοκαυτώματα εἰς ὀσμὴν εὐωδίας καρπώματα κυρίῳ μόσχον ἕνα κριὸν ἕνα ἀμνοὺς ἐνιαυσίους ἑπτὰ ἀμώμους
And you shall offer whole burnt offerings for a soothing aroma, fire offerings to the LORD: one bull-calf, one ram, seven yearling lambs without blemish;
The eighth-day burnt-offering breaks the descending series, reverting to the Trumpets/Atonement tariff: one bull, one ram, seven lambs. The reduction from the festal multiples to a single bull underlines that the ἐξόδιον is a feast in its own right, distinct from the seven days of Booths.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσάξετεyou shall offerFut Act Indic 2 Pl · προσάγωmain verb (command to present the offering)→ legislative future (prescriptive command)προσάγω: 'bring near / present'; the cultic verb, as in v. 13.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole burnt offeringsAccusativedirect object of προσάξετε→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: the whole burnt offering.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose).
ὀσμὴνaromaAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose)→ object specificationὀσμή: with εὐωδίας, the acceptance formula.
εὐωδίαςof a sweet smellGenitivegenitive of quality (defining ὀσμήν)→ relational specificationεὐωδία: 'fragrance'; the acceptance formula.
καρπώματαfire offeringsAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ὁλοκαυτώματα→ object specificationκάρπωμα: 'fire-offering'; rendering אִשֶּׁה; in apposition with ὁλοκαυτώματα.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the recipient.
μόσχονbull-calfAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the victim specified)→ object specificationμόσχος: 'young bull'; one — the eighth-day reversion to a single bull (note no ἐκ βοῶν here).
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying μόσχον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the single bull of the closing assembly.
κριὸνramAccusativeaccusative (second victim)→ object specificationκριός: 'ram'; one.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying κριόν)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the single ram.
ἀμνοὺςlambsAccusativeaccusative (third class of victim)→ object specificationἀμνός: 'lamb'; seven, as on Trumpets and Atonement.
ἐνιαυσίουςyearlingAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἐνιαύσιος: 'a year old'.
ἑπτὰsevennumeral (indeclinable; modifying ἀμνούς)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; the sabbatical lamb-count, restored for the eighth day.
ἀμώμουςwithout blemishAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying ἀμνούς)→ object specificationἄμωμος: 'unblemished'.
37
αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν τῷ μόσχῳ καὶ τῷ κριῷ καὶ τοῖς ἀμνοῖς κατὰ ἀριθμὸν αὐτῶν κατὰ τὴν σύγκρισιν αὐτῶν
their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bull and for the ram and for the lambs, according to their number, according to their ordinance;
The compressed daily formula, here with singular τῷ μόσχῳ καὶ τῷ κριῷ ('for the bull and for the ram') reflecting the eighth day's single bull and ram, with τοῖς ἀμνοῖς ('for the lambs') still plural.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativesubject (summarizing item)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal accompaniments.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive (of the victims)→ relational specificationαὐτός: referring to the eighth-day victims.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativesubject (coordinate with θυσίαι)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: 'libation'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with μόσχῳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μόσχῳbullDativedative of reference ('for the bull', singular)→ sphere or referenceμόσχος: the singular dative — the eighth day's one bull.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷfor theDativearticle (with κριῷ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριῷramDativedative of reference ('for the ram', singular)→ sphere or referenceκριός: the singular dative — the eighth day's one ram.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςfor theDativearticle (with ἀμνοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀμνοῖςlambsDativedative of reference ('for the lambs', plural)→ sphere or referenceἀμνός: the plural dative — the eighth day's seven lambs.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'.
ἀριθμὸνnumberAccusativeaccusative object of κατά ('according to their number')→ object specificationἀριθμός: 'number'; scaled to the day's count.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: the second regulating phrase.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σύγκρισιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σύγκρισινordinanceAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (the prescribed proportion)→ object specificationσύγκρισις: 'prescribed proportion / ordinance'.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
38
καὶ χίμαρον ἐξ αἰγῶν ἕνα περὶ ἁμαρτίας πλὴν τῆς ὁλοκαυτώσεως τῆς διὰ παντός αἱ θυσίαι αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ σπονδαὶ αὐτῶν
and one he-goat of the goats for a sin offering — besides the continual whole burnt offering, their grain offerings and their drink offerings.
The eighth-day sin-goat and the standing πλήν-formula close the festal-offering specifications, the last of the day-by-day sin-goats.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χίμαρονhe-goatAccusativedirect object (the sin-offering victim)→ object specificationχίμαρος: 'he-goat'; the eighth-day sin-goat.
ἐξofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive of source (with ἐξ)→ relational specificationαἴξ: 'goat'; ἐξ αἰγῶν, 'of the goats'.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral adjective (modifying χίμαρον)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; a single sin-goat.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (purpose)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: περὶ ἁμαρτίας, the sin-offering formula.
ἁμαρτίαςsinGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / sin-offering'.
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides'; the standing subordinating rubric.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώσεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώσεωςwhole burnt offeringGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationὁλοκαύτωσις: the continual offering.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (attributive, with διὰ παντός)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διὰcontinuallypreposition + genitive (idiom διὰ παντός)→ spatial or relational framingδιά + gen.: in διὰ παντός, 'continually'.
παντόςall / perpetualGenitivegenitive (in the idiom διὰ παντός)→ relational specificationπᾶς: τῆς διὰ παντός, the perpetual תָּמִיד.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with θυσίαι)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαιgrain offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's grain accompaniments)→ participant prominenceθυσία: the cereal offerings of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σπονδαί)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδαὶdrink offeringsNominativenominative (the continual offering's libations)→ participant prominenceσπονδή: the libations of the continual offering.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
39
ταῦτα ποιήσετε κυρίῳ ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς ὑμῶν πλὴν τῶν εὐχῶν ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ ἑκούσια ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ ὁλοκαυτώματα ὑμῶν καὶ τὰς θυσίας ὑμῶν καὶ τὰς σπονδὰς ὑμῶν καὶ τὰ σωτήρια ὑμῶν
These things you shall do for the LORD at your appointed feasts, besides your vows and your freewill offerings, and your whole burnt offerings and your grain offerings and your drink offerings and your peace offerings.
The closing rubric of the festal calendar: ταῦτα ('these things') gathers up all the offerings of chs. 28–29 as the public, calendrical baseline to be rendered at the appointed feasts. The final πλήν-clause subordinates even this to a further category — the private and votive offerings (vows, freewill gifts, peace-offerings), which are 'besides' the public festal sacrifices. The chapter thus closes by relativizing the whole public calendar to the spontaneous worship of the people.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativedirect object of ποιήσετε (summary demonstrative)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'this / these'; ταῦτα gathers up the entire festal-offering program of chs. 28–29 as a single summary referent.
ποιήσετεyou shall doFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ποιέωmain verb (summary command)→ legislative future (concluding prescription)ποιέω: 'do / perform / offer'; the summary command closing the calendar (inclusio with the ποιήσετε of v. 2 and 28:2).
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton; the recipient of all the festal offerings.
ἐνat / inpreposition + dative (temporal: 'at the feasts')→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here temporal, 'at / on the occasion of'.
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with ἑορταῖς)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑορταῖςfeastsDativedative object of ἐν (the appointed feasts)→ sphere or referenceἑορτή: 'feast / appointed festival'; renders מוֹעֵד; ἐν ταῖς ἑορταῖς ὑμῶν sums up the calendar of fixed feasts in chs. 28–29.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive (with ἑορταῖς)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive (with ἑορταῖς).
πλὴνbesidesimproper preposition + genitive (additive rubric)→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'besides / apart from'; the final and broadest use of the chapter's structuring rubric — the public festal offerings are over and above the people's voluntary and votive worship; rendering מִלְּבַד.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with εὐχῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐχῶνvowsGenitivegenitive object of πλήν→ relational specificationεὐχή: 'vow / prayer'; renders נֶדֶר; the votive offerings made in fulfilment of a vow, a category of private worship distinct from the public calendar.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive (with εὐχῶν)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive (with εὐχῶν).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἑκούσια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑκούσιαfreewill offeringsAccusativeaccusative (loose listing of the additional categories)→ object specificationἑκούσιος: 'voluntary / freewill'; substantivized neuter plural 'freewill offerings'; renders נְדָבָה; spontaneous gifts beyond the obligatory; the shift from genitive (εὐχῶν) to accusative in this list is a Hebraizing anacoluthon.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὁλοκαυτώματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁλοκαυτώματαwhole burnt offeringsAccusativeaccusative (listed category)→ object specificationὁλοκαύτωμα: here the voluntary/votive burnt-offerings, distinct from the calendrical ones.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with θυσίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυσίαςgrain offeringsAccusativeaccusative (listed category)→ object specificationθυσία: the voluntary grain offerings.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with σπονδάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπονδὰςdrink offeringsAccusativeaccusative (listed category)→ object specificationσπονδή: the voluntary libations.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σωτήρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτήριαpeace offeringsAccusativeaccusative (final listed category)→ object specificationσωτήριον: 'peace/well-being offering, thank-offering'; substantivized neuter plural; renders שְׁלָמִים ('peace-offerings'); the shared sacrificial meal expressing fellowship with God; placed climactically last, it closes the calendar with the offering of communion and thanksgiving.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivepossessive genitive (with σωτήρια)→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as possessive genitive (with σωτήρια).