Numbers 30 — Greek, Translation, Interlinear & Discourse

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

καὶ ἐλάλησεν Μωυσῆς τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ

And Moses spoke to the sons of Israel according to all that the LORD commanded Moses.

Narrative resumption / superscription to the law of vowsκαὶ ἐλάλησεν Μωυσῆς

The verse links the new legal unit to the preceding cultic legislation (chs. 28–29) with the standard καί-parataxis and the obedience formula κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐνετείλατο κύριος. In Rahlfs' numbering this opening line is 30:1; it functions as a hinge, summarizing Moses' fidelity before the specific vow-law is delivered to the tribal leaders in v. 2.

Word-by-word analysis· 13 words

καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the paratactic narrative connector rendering Hebrew wāw-consecutive; here it links the law of vows to the festal calendar of chs. 28–29.

ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (narrative)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel); the standard LXX verb for authoritative or commissioned proclamation; the aorist frames Moses' transmission of the law as a single decisive act.

ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a second-declension noun in Rahlfs' LXX (gen./dat. Μωυσῇ, acc. Μωυσῆν); nominative as subject of the speech-verb.

τοῖςtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object (addressees)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the phrase οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') is the standard LXX rendering of בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, denoting the covenant people as a whole.

Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable genitive of relationship (with υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; functions here as an attributive genitive ('sons of Israel').

κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm / standard)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; introduces the standard-of-conformity clause κατὰ πάντα ὅσα, a stock LXX obedience formula rendering כְּכֹל אֲשֶׁר.

πάνταall thingsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (comprehensive)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the neuter plural πάντα with the relative ὅσα forms 'according to all that…', stressing the completeness of Moses' obedience.

ὅσαas much asAccusativerelative pronoun (correlative with πάντα)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as'; the correlative relative defines the content of πάντα ('all that the LORD commanded').

ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (completed divine command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge / enjoin'; deponent middle; renders צִוָּה (Piel); the standard LXX verb for an authoritative divine injunction; the formula closes the obedience-loop (the LORD commands, Moses transmits).

κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the divine commander whose word Moses faithfully relays.

τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the dative names Moses as the one to whom the LORD gave the command; the verse forms an obedience-inclusio (Moses speaks what the LORD commanded Moses).

καὶ ἐλάλησεν Μωυσῆς πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας τῶν φυλῶν Ισραηλ λέγων τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ὃ συνέταξεν κύριος

And Moses spoke to the leaders of the tribes of Israel, saying, 'This is the word that the LORD has commanded.'

Narrowing of audience: address to the tribal leadersκαὶ ἐλάλησεν Μωυσῆς πρὸς τοὺς ἄρχοντας

The audience narrows from the people as a whole (v. 1) to the ἄρχοντες τῶν φυλῶν ('leaders of the tribes'), the appropriate recipients of legislation governing household authority. The participial speech-introduction λέγων + the demonstrative τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα marks the formal citation-frame for the law that follows.

Word-by-word analysis· 16 words

καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (narrative speech-introduction)→ constative aorist (single speech-act)λαλέω: see v. 1; the repetition ἐλάλησεν … ἐλάλησεν moves from the general declaration (to the sons of Israel) to the specific legislative address (to the tribal leaders).

ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.

πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρός + acc.: 'to / toward'; marks the addressees of the speech.

τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἄρχονταςleaders / rulersAccusativeaccusative object of πρός→ object specificationἄρχων: 'ruler / leader / chief'; renders רֹאשׁ / נָשִׂיא; the tribal heads are the proper recipients of a law concerning vows within households and clans.

τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

φυλῶνtribesGenitivegenitive (partitive/possessive: leaders of the tribes)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe / clan'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; the twelve tribes are the organizational units of Israel; their leaders mediate the law to the households.

Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable genitive of relationship→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; here qualifying φυλῶν ('the tribes of Israel').

λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · λέγωcircumstantial participle (speech-introducing, agreeing with Μωυσῆς)→ introductory present participle (Hebraizing לֵאמֹר citation-frame)λέγω (pres. part.): the participle λέγων renders the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר ('saying'), the standard LXX device for introducing direct quotation; it marks the boundary between narration and the cited legal word.

τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of the verbless cleft)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the neuter τοῦτο agrees with ῥῆμα; the demonstrative + relative cleft (τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμα ὅ…) renders זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר ('this is the word that…'), a fixed legal-citation formula.

τὸtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ῥῆμαword / matterNominativepredicate nominative (the cited legal word)→ participant prominenceῥῆμα: 'word / saying / thing'; renders דָּבָר; here the authoritative legal pronouncement; the same noun recurs at v. 3 (τὸ ῥῆμα αὐτοῦ, 'his word/vow'), binding the introduction to the law's central concern.

ὃwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνέταξεν)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; neuter accusative agreeing with ῥῆμα and serving as object of συνέταξεν.

συνέταξενcommanded / ordainedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (completed divine ordinance)συντάσσω: 'arrange together / appoint / command'; renders צִוָּה; a near-synonym of ἐντέλλομαι (v. 1) with a nuance of ordered arrangement; the LXX uses it frequently for divinely prescribed legislation.

κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the authority behind the legal word that Moses now delivers.

ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἂν εὔξηται εὐχὴν κυρίῳ ἢ ὀμόσῃ ὅρκον ἢ ὁρίσηται ὁρισμῷ περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ οὐ βεβηλώσει τὸ ῥῆμα αὐτοῦ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν ἐξέλθῃ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ ποιήσει

Any man whatsoever who vows a vow to the LORD, or swears an oath, or binds himself with a binding-obligation concerning his soul, shall not profane his word; according to all that comes out of his mouth he shall do.

Foundational casuistic law (protasis + apodosis): the inviolable vowἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος ὃς ἂν

The fundamental principle of the chapter, stated of the man without qualification. The doubled ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος is a Hebraism (אִישׁ אִישׁ, 'any man whatsoever') rendering the distributive idiom. Three near-synonymous speech-acts — vowing a vow, swearing an oath, binding oneself by an obligation — are gathered under one rule: οὐ βεβηλώσει τὸ ῥῆμα αὐτοῦ ('he shall not profane his word'). The apodosis κατὰ πάντα… ποιήσει makes the spoken vow absolutely binding — the sanctity-of-the-spoken-word crux (cf. Deut 23:21–23; Eccl 5:4–5; Matt 5:33–37; Jas 5:12).

Word-by-word analysis· 31 words

ἄνθρωποςa manNominativesubject (first member of distributive doubling)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: 'man / person'; the doubled ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος is a Hebraism calquing the distributive אִישׁ אִישׁ ('any man whatsoever, each and every man'); cf. Lev 17:3, 8, 10 LXX for the same construction.

ἄνθρωποςa manNominativeappositional repetition (distributive Hebraism)→ participant prominenceἄνθρωπος: the second member of the doubling; together with the first it yields the distributive sense 'whatever man, anyone at all,' generalizing the law to every Israelite male.

ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of the protasis verbs)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; with ἄν + subjunctive it forms an indefinite-conditional relative clause ('whoever may…'), the casuistic protasis of the law.

ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive in indefinite relative clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: the modal particle generalizing the relative ('whoever ever…'); paired with the aorist subjunctives εὔξηται, ὀμόσῃ, ὁρίσηται.

εὔξηταιvowsAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · εὔχομαιverb of indefinite relative clause (first of three speech-acts)→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite condition: a single act of vowing)εὔχομαι: 'vow / pray'; deponent middle; renders נָדַר; with its cognate object εὐχήν it forms the figura etymologica 'vow a vow' (נָדַר נֶדֶר), the first and paradigmatic speech-act of binding.

εὐχὴνa vowAccusativecognate accusative (with εὔξηται)→ object specificationεὐχή: 'vow / prayer'; renders נֶדֶר; the cognate accusative intensifies the act ('vow a vow'); εὐχή is the chief technical term of the chapter, denoting a freely undertaken promise to the LORD.

κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of indirect object (the one to whom the vow is made)→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): rendering the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the vow is made to the LORD himself, which is precisely why profaning it is so grave — it is a word given to God.

ἢordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: 'or'; coordinates the three parallel speech-acts (vow / oath / binding-obligation), treating them as legally equivalent in their binding force.

ὀμόσῃswearsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ὄμνυμιverb of indefinite relative clause (second speech-act)→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite condition)ὄμνυμι: 'swear (an oath)'; renders שָׁבַע (Niphal); with its cognate object ὅρκον it forms 'swear an oath'; the oath invokes a sanction and is thus a self-maledictory binding of the soul.

ὅρκονan oathAccusativecognate accusative (with ὀμόσῃ)→ object specificationὅρκος: 'oath'; renders שְׁבֻעָה; an oath differs from a vow in form (it invokes God as witness/guarantor) but shares its binding force; cf. the dominical prohibition of oath-swearing at Matt 5:34–37.

ἢordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: introduces the third member of the triad (the ὁρισμός).

ὁρίσηταιbinds himselfAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · ὁρίζωverb of indefinite relative clause (third speech-act)→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite condition)ὁρίζω (mid. ὁρίσηται): 'mark off / define / bind oneself by an obligation'; the middle renders אָסַר (Qal, 'bind') with אִסָּר; with its cognate object ὁρισμῷ it denotes self-imposed abstinence or obligation ('binds himself with a binding-obligation').

ὁρισμῷwith a binding-obligationDativecognate dative (instrumental, with ὁρίσηται)→ sphere or referenceὁρισμός: 'a definite obligation, a binding restriction by which one binds the soul'; renders אִסָּר; the cognate dative ('bind with a binding') is a Hebraizing intensifier; ὁρισμός denotes a self-imposed prohibition (e.g., abstinence), distinct from the positive εὐχή.

περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / about'; the obligation is undertaken περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ, 'concerning his soul,' i.e., binding upon himself.

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of περί→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul / self / life'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; the recurring phrase κατὰ/περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτοῦ/αὐτῆς ('upon his/her soul') is the legal idiom for a self-binding obligation; the vow lays a constraint upon the very self.

αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: possessive genitive ('his own soul').

οὐnotnegative particle (with future indicative βεβηλώσει)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: emphatic negation; οὐ + future indicative expresses an absolute prohibition (legal future), 'he shall by no means profane.'

βεβηλώσειshall profaneFut Act Indic 3 Sg · βεβηλόωmain verb of apodosis (legal prohibition)→ legislative future (binding command in future-indicative form)βεβηλόω: 'profane / desecrate / treat as common'; renders חָלַל; to break a vow is to make common (βέβηλος) what was consecrated to God by the spoken word; the term elevates vow-breaking to a category of sacrilege — the crux of the chapter (cf. Eccl 5:4–5; Matt 5:33).

τὸtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ῥῆμαwordAccusativedirect object of βεβηλώσει→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / utterance'; renders דָּבָר; here 'his word' = his uttered vow; the same noun named the legal pronouncement in v. 2, binding the introduction to the principle — the man's word, like the LORD's word, is to be kept.

αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; the word that must not be profaned is his own — what he has spoken binds him.

πάνταallAccusativeaccusative (comprehensive object of ποιήσει, fronted)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all / everything'; πάντα ὅσα ('all that…') fronts the totality of what the man has spoken; the construction renders כְּכֹל הַיֹּצֵא מִפִּיו.

ὅσαwhatsoeverAccusativerelative pronoun (correlative with πάντα)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much as / whatsoever'; defines πάντα; the indefinite relative + ἐάν + subjunctive makes the obligation comprehensive — anything at all that he utters.

ἐὰνif / everconditional particle (with subjunctive ἐξέλθῃ, generalizing)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: here generalizing the relative (ὅσα ἐάν, 'whatsoever') with the subjunctive, equivalent to ὅσα ἄν.

ἐξέλθῃcomes outAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite/general condition)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out'; renders יָצָא; the idiom 'whatever comes out of his mouth' (cf. Deut 23:24 LXX) makes the spoken word itself, once uttered, the irrevocable object of performance.

ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: 'out of / from'; marks the mouth as the source of the binding utterance.

τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

στόματοςmouthGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationστόμα: 'mouth'; renders פֶּה; 'that which proceeds from the mouth' is the OT idiom for a solemn oral commitment; the locus of the vow is speech itself, which is why its profanation is so weighty.

αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; the mouth is the man's own — he is bound by his own utterance.

ποιήσειhe shall doFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb of apodosis (positive obligation)→ legislative future (binding command)ποιέω: 'do / make / perform'; renders עָשָׂה; the positive counterpart to οὐ βεβηλώσει — not only must he not profane his word, he must positively perform all of it; the verse thus binds both negatively (no profaning) and positively (full performance).

ἐὰν δὲ γυνὴ εὔξηται εὐχὴν κυρίῳ ἢ ὁρίσηται ὁρισμὸν ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῆς ἐν τῇ νεότητι αὐτῆς

But if a woman vows a vow to the LORD, or binds herself with a binding-obligation, in the house of her father in her youth—

First qualified case (protasis): the young daughter under her fatherἐὰν δὲ γυνὴ

δέ marks the transition from the unqualified male case (v. 3) to the first qualified female case. The protasis sets the scene — a vow made by a young woman ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῆς ('in her father's house') ἐν τῇ νεότητι αὐτῆς ('in her youth') — and is completed by the apodosis in vv. 5–6. The legal question is whether the father's authority qualifies the otherwise absolute binding force of v. 3.

Word-by-word analysis· 19 words

ἐὰνifconditional particle (introducing protasis, + subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the casuistic protasis of the first qualified case; with the aorist subjunctive εὔξηται it frames a hypothetical legal scenario.

δὲbut / andmild adversative / transitional (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: post-positive; marks the shift from the man's case (v. 3) to the woman's — the first of the graded female cases that occupy the rest of the chapter.

γυνὴa womanNominativesubject of the protasis→ participant prominenceγυνή: 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; here specifically a young unmarried woman still in her father's house, as the following clauses make clear.

εὔξηταιvowsAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · εὔχομαιverb of protasis (first speech-act)→ aorist subjunctive (hypothetical condition)εὔχομαι: see v. 3; the woman's vow is described in the same terms as the man's, raising the question the law answers — does her vow bind in the same absolute way?

εὐχὴνa vowAccusativecognate accusative (with εὔξηται)→ object specificationεὐχή: 'vow'; renders נֶדֶר; same cognate construction as v. 3 ('vow a vow').

κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative of indirect object→ sphere or referenceκύριος (dat. κυρίῳ): the Tetragrammaton; the vow, even of a daughter, is made to the LORD.

ἢordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: coordinates the two speech-acts (vow / binding-obligation), as in v. 3 (here without the separate oath-clause).

ὁρίσηταιbinds herselfAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · ὁρίζωverb of protasis (second speech-act)→ aorist subjunctive (hypothetical condition)ὁρίζω (mid.): see v. 3; the woman binds herself by a self-imposed obligation (אָסַר).

ὁρισμὸνa binding-obligationAccusativecognate accusative (with ὁρίσηται)→ object specificationὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation'; renders אִסָּר; here in the accusative as cognate object (cf. the cognate dative ὁρισμῷ at v. 3).

ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'in'; locates the vow within the father's household, which is the legal basis for the father's right of annulment.

τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / household'; renders בַּיִת; the father's house defines the sphere of paternal authority under which the daughter's vow is provisionally subject to annulment.

τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πατρὸςfatherGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationπατήρ: 'father'; renders אָב; the father is the household authority who may confirm or annul the daughter's vow in vv. 5–6.

αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'her'; the household is specifically her father's.

ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: here temporal, 'in (the time of) her youth.'

τῇtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

νεότητιyouthDativedative of time (temporal)→ sphere or referenceνεότης: 'youth / young age'; renders נְעֻרִים; the temporal marker ἐν τῇ νεότητι αὐτῆς specifies that the daughter is still unmarried and under paternal authority — the precondition for the father's power of annulment; the phrase recurs in the colophon (v. 17).

αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'her'; her own youth — the season of life that defines her legal status in this case.

καὶ ἀκούσῃ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῆς τὰς εὐχὰς αὐτῆς καὶ τοὺς ὁρισμοὺς αὐτῆς οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς καὶ παρασιωπήσῃ αὐτῆς ὁ πατήρ καὶ στήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ εὐχαὶ αὐτῆς καὶ πάντες οἱ ὁρισμοί οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς μενοῦσιν αὐτῇ

and her father hears her vows and her binding-obligations which she has bound upon her soul, and her father keeps silent about her, then all her vows shall stand, and all the binding-obligations which she bound upon her soul shall remain to her.

Apodosis (case 1a): paternal silence confirms the daughter's vowκαὶ ἀκούσῃ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῆς

The first resolution of the daughter's case: if the father hears and παρασιωπήσῃ ('keeps silent'), his silence is legally constitutive — it confirms the vow. The double verb of standing (στήσονται… μενοῦσιν αὐτῇ) underscores that, absent paternal objection, the daughter's vow has the same binding force as the man's in v. 3. The principle that silence on the day of hearing confirms the vow governs the whole chapter.

Word-by-word analysis· 41 words

καὶandconjunction (continuing the protasis-apodosis structure)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: continues the conditional period begun in v. 4; here introducing the father's hearing.

ἀκούσῃhearsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of protasis (the father's hearing)→ aorist subjunctive (condition: the act of hearing)ἀκούω: 'hear'; renders שָׁמַע; the father's 'hearing' of the vow is the trigger-event for his window of decision; the day of hearing is the decisive legal moment throughout the chapter.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πατὴρfatherNominativesubject of ἀκούσῃ→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; renders אָב; the household authority whose response determines the vow's validity.

αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'her'; her own father.

τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχὰςvowsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούσῃ→ object specificationεὐχή: 'vow'; renders נֶדֶר; now in the plural, the totality of the daughter's vows that the father hears.

αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'her'; the vows are the daughter's own.

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁρισμοὺςbinding-obligationsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούσῃ (coordinate with εὐχάς)→ object specificationὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation'; renders אִסָּר; the self-imposed restrictions paired with the positive vows.

αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.

οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ὡρίσατο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun, masculine accusative plural agreeing with ὁρισμούς.

ὡρίσατοshe boundAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὁρίζωverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (the completed act of self-binding)ὁρίζω (mid. ὡρίσατο): 'bind oneself by an obligation'; renders אָסַר; the recurring relative clause οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς ('which she bound upon her soul') is a refrain throughout vv. 5–13.

κατὰupon / againstpreposition + genitive (the object of the self-binding)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: here 'upon / against,' of the obligation laid upon her own soul; renders עַל־נַפְשָׁהּ.

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul / self'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; the obligation binds her very self.

καὶandconjunction (introducing the decisive paternal silence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

παρασιωπήσῃkeeps silentAor Act Subj 3 Sg · παρασιωπάωverb of protasis (the legally decisive act)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (falls/stays silent)παρασιωπάω: 'keep silent / say nothing (about)'; the compound παρα- nuances 'pass over in silence'; here the father's silence is constitutive — by saying nothing on the day he hears, he tacitly ratifies the vow. Silence = confirmation is the procedural axis of the chapter (contrast ἀνανεύω, 'refuse,' v. 6).

αὐτῆςabout herGenitivegenitive (of reference: keeps silent concerning her)→ relational specificationαὐτός: genitive of reference with παρασιωπάω, 'keeps silent regarding her'; the father says nothing to overturn her vows.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πατήρfatherNominativesubject of παρασιωπήσῃ→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; restated as subject of the silence-verb for clarity.

καὶthen / andconjunction (introducing apodosis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here apodotic, 'then,' introducing the legal consequence of the father's silence.

στήσονταιshall standFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb of apodosis (the vows are confirmed)→ legislative future (the vows shall stand as valid)ἵστημι (fut. mid. στήσονται): 'stand / be established / remain in force'; renders קוּם (Qal); the technical legal term for a vow's remaining valid and binding; recurs as the keyword of confirmation throughout (vv. 5, 6, 8, 9, 12).

πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective (modifying εὐχαί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; feminine nominative plural agreeing with εὐχαί; the totality of the daughter's vows is confirmed.

αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχαὶvowsNominativesubject of στήσονται→ participant prominenceεὐχή: 'vow'; the subject of the confirmation.

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying ὁρισμοί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; masculine nominative plural agreeing with ὁρισμοί.

οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁρισμοίbinding-obligationsNominativesubject (coordinate with εὐχαί) of μενοῦσιν→ participant prominenceὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation'; the self-imposed restrictions, likewise confirmed.

οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ὡρίσατο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the refrain οὓς ὡρίσατο recurs.

ὡρίσατοshe boundAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὁρίζωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristὁρίζω (mid.): see above; the repeated relative clause stresses that it is precisely her self-undertaken obligations that now stand.

κατὰuponpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: 'upon (her soul)'; see above.

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul'; see above.

μενοῦσινshall remainFut Act Indic 3 Pl · μένωmain verb of apodosis (parallel to στήσονται)→ legislative future (the obligations remain binding)μένω (fut. μενοῦσιν): 'remain / abide / stay in force'; a near-synonym of ἵστημι here; the pairing στήσονται… μενοῦσιν is a legal hendiadys of permanence — the vows both stand and remain to her; μένω + dative αὐτῇ ('remain to her') becomes the keyword of the widow's absolute vow at v. 10.

αὐτῇto herDativedative of (dis)advantage (the vows remain binding upon her)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'to/for her'; the dative of reference — the obligations 'remain to her,' i.e., stay legally hers to perform.

ἐὰν δὲ ἀνανεύων ἀνανεύσῃ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῆς ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ἀκούσῃ πάσας τὰς εὐχὰς αὐτῆς καὶ τοὺς ὁρισμούς οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς οὐ στήσονται καὶ κύριος καθαριεῖ αὐτήν ὅτι ἀνένευσεν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῆς

But if her father utterly refuses on the day he hears all her vows and binding-obligations which she bound upon her soul, they shall not stand; and the LORD will acquit her, because her father refused.

Apodosis (case 1b): paternal refusal annuls the vow and acquits the daughterἐὰν δὲ ἀνανεύων ἀνανεύσῃ

The contrasting resolution: if the father, on the day he hears, ἀνανεύων ἀνανεύσῃ ('utterly refuses' — a cognate-participle Hebraism for the emphatic infinitive absolute), the vows do not stand. The crucial theological note: κύριος καθαριεῖ αὐτήν ('the LORD will acquit her') — annulment under proper authority removes any guilt of an unfulfilled vow, because the failure is the father's act, not hers.

Word-by-word analysis· 35 words

ἐὰνifconditional particle (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the contrasting case of paternal refusal.

δὲbutadversative (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: marks the antithesis to v. 5 (silence-confirmation vs. refusal-annulment).

ἀνανεύωνrefusingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · ἀνανεύωcognate participle (intensifying ἀνανεύσῃ: Hebraism)→ intensive present participle (rendering the Hebrew infinitive absolute)ἀνανεύω: 'shake the head in refusal / nod "no" / forbid'; the participle + finite-verb construction ἀνανεύων ἀνανεύσῃ calques the Hebrew emphatic infinitive absolute (הָנִיא יָנִיא, 'utterly forbid'), the same device seen at Exod 11:1 (ἐκβαλεῖ… ἐκβολῇ); it stresses the certainty and decisiveness of the father's veto.

ἀνανεύσῃrefusesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀνανεύωverb of protasis (the act of annulment)→ aorist subjunctive (condition: the act of refusal)ἀνανεύω: 'refuse / annul'; the finite verb of the emphatic construction; the father's refusal is the precise legal opposite of the παρασιωπάω ('keep silent') of v. 5 — overt veto vs. tacit consent.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πατὴρfatherNominativesubject of ἀνανεύσῃ→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; the annulling authority.

ᾗon whichDativerelative pronoun (dative of time, with ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. fem. ᾗ): relative pronoun; ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ('on whatever day') is the temporal hinge — the father's veto is valid only on the day he hears (cf. vv. 8, 9, 13); a later annulment shifts the guilt to him (v. 16).

ἂνevermodal particle (generalizing the temporal relative)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: with the subjunctive ἀκούσῃ, generalizing the relative ('on whatever day he may hear').

ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (temporal: 'on the day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; renders יוֹם; 'the day he hears' is the legally bounded window for annulment; its emphasis (here and at vv. 8, 9, 13, 15) makes the timing decisive.

ἀκούσῃhe hearsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of temporal relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (the act of hearing within the temporal clause)ἀκούω: 'hear'; the hearing-event defines the day on which the father's veto must be exercised.

πάσαςallAccusativeadjective (modifying εὐχάς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; feminine accusative plural; the object of the father's hearing is the whole body of her vows.

τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχὰςvowsAccusativedirect object of ἀκούσῃ→ object specificationεὐχή: 'vow'; see above.

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁρισμούςbinding-obligationsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with εὐχάς)→ object specificationὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation'; see above.

οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ὡρίσατο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the refrain continues.

ὡρίσατοshe boundAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὁρίζωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristὁρίζω (mid.): see above.

κατὰuponpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: 'upon her soul'; see above.

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul'; see above.

οὐnotnegative particle (with στήσονται)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: negation; οὐ στήσονται ('they shall not stand') is the exact negation of the apodosis of v. 5 — annulment voids the vows.

στήσονταιshall standFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb of apodosis (negated: the vows are voided)→ legislative future (negated: shall not stand)ἵστημι (fut. mid.): 'stand / be in force'; see v. 5; here negated — the father's veto deprives the vows of legal force.

καὶandconjunction (introducing the acquittal clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of καθαριεῖ→ participant prominenceκύριος: rendering the Tetragrammaton יהוה; remarkably, the LORD himself is the subject of the acquittal — the unfulfilled vow incurs no divine reckoning when annulled by lawful authority.

καθαριεῖwill acquit / cleanseFut Act Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (divine acquittal)→ predictive/declarative future (divine pronouncement of acquittal)καθαρίζω (Attic fut. καθαριεῖ): 'cleanse / declare clean / acquit'; renders סָלַח / טָהֵר; here in a forensic sense — the LORD clears her of any guilt for the unperformed vow, because its non-performance results from the father's lawful annulment, not from her own profaning of her word (contrast v. 3).

αὐτήνherAccusativedirect object of καθαριεῖ→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. αὐτήν): 'her'; the daughter, declared free of guilt.

ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; introduces the ground of the acquittal — the annulment was her father's act.

ἀνένευσενrefusedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνανεύωverb of causal clause→ constative aorist (the completed act of refusal)ἀνανεύω (aor. ἀνένευσεν): 'refused / annulled'; the indicative restates the protasis-act as accomplished fact — because the father did refuse, the responsibility (and any guilt) lies with him, not the daughter.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

πατὴρfatherNominativesubject of ἀνένευσεν→ participant prominenceπατήρ: 'father'; named as the responsible agent of the annulment.

ἐὰν δὲ γενομένη γένηται ἀνδρὶ καὶ αἱ εὐχαὶ αὐτῆς ἐπ᾿ αὐτῇ κατὰ τὴν διαστολὴν τῶν χειλέων αὐτῆς οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς

But if she becomes married to a husband while her vows are upon her, according to the utterance of her lips which she bound upon her soul—

Second qualified case (protasis): the woman who marries while under a vowἐὰν δὲ γενομένη γένηται ἀνδρὶ

The second scenario: a woman who marries (γενομένη γένηται ἀνδρί, again a cognate-participle Hebraism, 'if she actually comes to be a man's') while vows are still upon her. The protasis (v. 7) is completed by the apodoses of vv. 8–9, transferring the power of confirmation/annulment from father to husband. The vows are defined as 'the utterance of her lips' (ἡ διαστολὴ τῶν χειλέων αὐτῆς).

Word-by-word analysis· 23 words

ἐὰνifconditional particle (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the second qualified case.

δὲbuttransitional (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: marks the move from the daughter's case (vv. 4–6) to the case of marriage.

γενομένηbecomingAor Mid Part Nom Sg Fem · γίνομαιcognate participle (intensifying γένηται: Hebraism)→ intensive aorist participle (rendering the Hebrew infinitive absolute)γίνομαι (aor. mid. part. γενομένη): 'become / come to be'; the participle + finite-verb pairing γενομένη γένηται calques the emphatic Hebrew infinitive-absolute construction (הָיוֹ תִהְיֶה, 'if she indeed comes to belong'); idiom for entering marriage.

γένηταιbecomesAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb of protasis→ aorist subjunctive (hypothetical condition)γίνομαι (aor. subj. γένηται): 'become'; with the dative ἀνδρί, 'become (married) to a man'; the idiom γίνεσθαι ἀνδρί ('belong to a husband') denotes entering the married state.

ἀνδρὶto a husbandDativedative (with γένηται: 'married to a man')→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ (dat. ἀνδρί): 'man / husband'; renders אִישׁ; the dative of relationship denotes the husband to whom she comes to belong, transferring authority over her vows from father to husband.

καὶand / whileconjunction (introducing the circumstantial clause: her vows still upon her)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here circumstantial ('while/and'), describing the situation that her vows remain upon her at the time of marriage.

αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχαὶvowsNominativesubject of the verbless circumstantial clause (αἱ εὐχαὶ… ἐπ᾽ αὐτῇ)→ participant prominenceεὐχή: 'vow'; the vows undertaken while she was unmarried remain in force at the moment of marriage — hence the question of the husband's authority over them.

ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + dative (the vows resting upon her)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat. (elided ἐπ᾽): 'upon / on'; the vows are ἐπ᾽ αὐτῇ ('upon her'), i.e., still legally binding on her as she enters marriage.

αὐτῇherDativedative object of ἐπί→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'her'; the vows rest upon her person.

κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm: 'according to the utterance')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; the vows are binding according to whatever her lips have distinctly pronounced.

τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

διαστολὴνutterance / distinct pronouncementAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationδιαστολή: 'distinction / distinct utterance / express declaration'; renders מִבְטָא ('rash/express utterance of the lips'); the phrase κατὰ τὴν διαστολὴν τῶν χειλέων αὐτῆς defines the vow precisely as the distinctly spoken word of her lips — again locating the binding force in speech (cf. v. 3).

τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

χειλέωνlipsGenitivegenitive (source: utterance of the lips)→ relational specificationχεῖλος (gen. pl. χειλέων): 'lip'; renders שְׂפָתַיִם; 'the utterance of her lips' parallels 'that which comes out of his mouth' (v. 3) — the spoken word as the locus of the binding vow.

οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ὡρίσατο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; constructed ad sensum with the obligations she has bound (a slight grammatical looseness: masc. acc. pl. οὕς, attracted to the sense of the ὁρισμοί).

ὡρίσατοshe boundAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὁρίζωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristὁρίζω (mid.): see above; the recurring refrain οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς.

κατὰuponpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: 'upon her soul'; see above.

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul'; see above.

καὶ ἀκούσῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς καὶ παρασιωπήσῃ αὐτῇ ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ἀκούσῃ καὶ οὕτως στήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ εὐχαὶ αὐτῆς καὶ οἱ ὁρισμοὶ αὐτῆς οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς στήσονται

and her husband hears and keeps silent toward her on the day he hears, then likewise all her vows shall stand, and her binding-obligations which she bound upon her soul shall stand.

Apodosis (case 2a): husband's silence confirms the wife's vowκαὶ ἀκούσῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς

Parallel to v. 5 but with the husband (ὁ ἀνήρ) in place of the father: if he hears and keeps silent on the day he hears, the vows stand. The double στήσονται (framing the verse) and the emphatic οὕτως ('thus, in this way') stress that the husband's silence has the same confirming force as the father's.

Word-by-word analysis· 30 words

καὶandconjunction (continuing the conditional period)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: continues the protasis-apodosis structure of v. 7.

ἀκούσῃhearsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of protasis (the husband's hearing)→ aorist subjunctive (condition)ἀκούω: 'hear'; the husband's hearing now occupies the legal role the father's did in v. 5.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνὴρhusbandNominativesubject of ἀκούσῃ→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man / husband'; renders אִישׁ; the husband replaces the father as the authority who may confirm or annul.

καὶandconjunction (introducing the silence-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

παρασιωπήσῃkeeps silentAor Act Subj 3 Sg · παρασιωπάωverb of protasis (legally decisive silence)→ ingressive aorist subjunctive (falls/stays silent)παρασιωπάω: 'keep silent'; see v. 5; the husband's silence, like the father's, confirms the vow — silence is consent.

αὐτῇtoward herDativedative (of reference: keeps silent toward/concerning her)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'toward/concerning her'; the dative complement of παρασιωπάω (note the genitive αὐτῆς at v. 5 vs. the dative here, a slight idiomatic variation).

ᾗon whichDativerelative pronoun (dative of time, with ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. fem. ᾗ): the temporal relative; ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ἀκούσῃ confines the husband's window of decision to the day of hearing.

ἂνevermodal particle (generalizing the temporal relative)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: with subjunctive ἀκούσῃ.

ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the decisive day of hearing.

ἀκούσῃhe hearsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of temporal relative clause→ aorist subjunctiveἀκούω: 'hear'; restated to fix the temporal boundary.

καὶthenapodotic conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: apodotic 'then,' with the following οὕτως.

οὕτωςthus / likewiseadverb (manner: 'in this way, accordingly')→ adverbial qualificationοὕτως: 'thus / so / in this manner'; renders כֵּן; emphasizes that the result follows necessarily from the husband's silence — 'and so they shall stand.'

στήσονταιshall standFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb of apodosis (first of two framing occurrences)→ legislative future (the vows are confirmed)ἵστημι (fut. mid.): 'stand / be in force'; see v. 5; the verb frames the verse (στήσονται… στήσονται), bracketing the confirmed vows in an emphatic inclusio.

πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective (modifying εὐχαί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; feminine nominative plural.

αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχαὶvowsNominativesubject of στήσονται→ participant prominenceεὐχή: 'vow'; the subject of confirmation.

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁρισμοὶbinding-obligationsNominativesubject (coordinate with εὐχαί)→ participant prominenceὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation'; likewise confirmed.

οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ὡρίσατο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the refrain.

ὡρίσατοshe boundAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὁρίζωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristὁρίζω (mid.): see above.

κατὰuponpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: 'upon her soul.'

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul.'

στήσονταιshall standFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb of apodosis (second framing occurrence)→ legislative future (resumptive confirmation)ἵστημι (fut. mid.): the repeated στήσονται closes the verse's inclusio, emphatically reaffirming that the wife's vows stand when the husband is silent.

ἐὰν δὲ ἀνανεύων ἀνανεύσῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ἀκούσῃ πᾶσαι αἱ εὐχαὶ αὐτῆς καὶ οἱ ὁρισμοὶ αὐτῆς οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς οὐ μενοῦσιν ὅτι ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀνένευσεν ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς καὶ κύριος καθαριεῖ αὐτήν

But if her husband utterly refuses on the day he hears, all her vows and her binding-obligations which she bound upon her soul shall not remain, because her husband refused them away from her; and the LORD will acquit her.

Apodosis (case 2b): husband's refusal annuls the wife's vow and acquits herἐὰν δὲ ἀνανεύων ἀνανεύσῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς

Parallel to v. 6 with the husband in place of the father: if he utterly refuses (ἀνανεύων ἀνανεύσῃ) on the day he hears, the vows do not remain, and the LORD acquits her. The phrase ἀνένευσεν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς ('refused [them] away from her') vividly pictures the annulment as a lifting of the obligation off her soul.

Word-by-word analysis· 37 words

ἐὰνifconditional particle (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the contrasting case of the husband's refusal.

δὲbutadversative (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: antithesis to v. 8 (silence-confirmation vs. refusal-annulment).

ἀνανεύωνrefusingPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · ἀνανεύωcognate participle (intensifying ἀνανεύσῃ: Hebraism)→ intensive present participle (Hebrew infinitive absolute)ἀνανεύω: 'refuse / annul'; the cognate construction ἀνανεύων ἀνανεύσῃ (cf. v. 6) calques the emphatic infinitive absolute הָנֵא יָנִיא ('utterly forbid').

ἀνανεύσῃrefusesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀνανεύωverb of protasis→ aorist subjunctive (condition)ἀνανεύω: 'refuse / annul'; the husband's veto, exercised on the day of hearing.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνὴρhusbandNominativesubject of ἀνανεύσῃ→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'husband'; the annulling authority.

ᾗon whichDativerelative pronoun (dative of time, with ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. fem. ᾗ): the temporal relative; the husband's veto is valid only on the day he hears.

ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing the temporal relative.

ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the decisive day of hearing.

ἀκούσῃhe hearsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of temporal relative clause→ aorist subjunctiveἀκούω: 'hear'; fixes the temporal window.

πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective (modifying εὐχαί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; feminine nominative plural.

αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχαὶvowsNominativesubject of μενοῦσιν→ participant prominenceεὐχή: 'vow.'

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁρισμοὶbinding-obligationsNominativesubject (coordinate with εὐχαί)→ participant prominenceὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation.'

οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ὡρίσατο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the refrain.

ὡρίσατοshe boundAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὁρίζωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristὁρίζω (mid.): see above.

κατὰuponpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: 'upon her soul.'

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul.'

οὐnotnegative particle (with μενοῦσιν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: negation; οὐ μενοῦσιν ('shall not remain') voids the vows, the opposite of the μενοῦσιν αὐτῇ that confirms them (vv. 5, 10).

μενοῦσινshall remainFut Act Indic 3 Pl · μένωmain verb of apodosis (negated)→ legislative future (negated: shall not remain)μένω (fut.): 'remain / abide / stay in force'; here negated — the husband's refusal removes the vows' binding force.

ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; grounds the acquittal in the husband's act.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνὴρhusbandNominativesubject of ἀνένευσεν→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'husband'; named as the responsible agent of the annulment.

ἀνένευσενrefusedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνανεύωverb of causal clause→ constative aorist (completed act of refusal)ἀνανεύω (aor. ἀνένευσεν): 'refused / annulled'; the indicative states the veto as accomplished fact; with ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς it pictures the obligation lifted off her.

ἀπ᾿frompreposition + genitive (separation: 'away from her')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό + gen. (elided ἀπ᾽): 'from / away from'; ἀνένευσεν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς graphically renders the annulment as a removal of the vow's weight off her soul.

αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'her'; the one from whom the obligation is lifted.

καὶandconjunction (introducing the acquittal clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of καθαριεῖ→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the LORD himself acquits the wife, exactly as he acquitted the daughter in v. 6.

καθαριεῖwill acquitFut Act Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (divine acquittal)→ declarative future (divine pronouncement of acquittal)καθαρίζω (fut. καθαριεῖ): 'cleanse / acquit'; forensic — the LORD clears the wife of guilt for the unperformed vow, since its non-performance is the husband's lawful annulment (cf. v. 6).

αὐτήνherAccusativedirect object of καθαριεῖ→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. αὐτήν): 'her'; the wife, declared free of guilt.

καὶ εὐχὴ χήρας καὶ ἐκβεβλημένης ὅσα ἂν εὔξηται κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς μενοῦσιν αὐτῇ

But the vow of a widow and of a divorced woman—whatever she has vowed upon her soul shall remain to her.

The legal hinge: the absolutely binding vow of the widow or divorced womanκαὶ εὐχὴ χήρας καὶ ἐκβεβλημένης

The pivot of the chapter and its sole unqualified female case: the vow of a χήρα ('widow') or ἐκβεβλημένη ('divorced/cast-out woman') stands absolutely (μενοῦσιν αὐτῇ), exactly as a man's vow does in v. 3. With no father or husband to annul, her spoken word binds her without remainder; the absence of male authority renders her vow inviolable. This single verse anchors the logic of the whole law.

Word-by-word analysis· 14 words

καὶand / butconjunction (introducing the contrasting unqualified case)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here mildly adversative, setting the widow's/divorcée's case apart from the qualified cases of the daughter and wife.

εὐχὴvowNominativesubject (nominative absolute / casus pendens, resumed by μενοῦσιν)→ participant prominenceεὐχή: 'vow'; standing first as a nominative-pendens ('as for the vow of a widow…'), resumed by the neuter ὅσα… μενοῦσιν; the construction throws the widow's vow into emphatic relief.

χήραςof a widowGenitivegenitive of possession (with εὐχή)→ relational specificationχήρα: 'widow'; renders אַלְמָנָה; a woman with no husband and (by implication) no father exercising authority — hence her vow is subject to no annulment.

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἐκβεβλημένηςof a divorced womanPerf Pass Part Gen Sg Fem · ἐκβάλλωsubstantival participle (genitive, coordinate with χήρας)→ perfect passive participle (settled state: one who has been cast out/divorced)ἐκβάλλω (perf. pass. part. ἐκβεβλημένη): 'throw out / cast out / divorce'; renders גְּרוּשָׁה ('a divorced woman'); the perfect passive denotes the abiding state of one who has been put away from her husband; like the widow, she stands under no male authority, so her vow is unannullable.

ὅσαwhateverAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εὔξηται; neuter plural of comprehensive scope)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / whatever'; the neuter plural ὅσα ('whatsoever things') comprehends the entire content of her vow; the indefinite ἂν + subjunctive generalizes it.

ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive εὔξηται)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing the relative ('whatever she may vow').

εὔξηταιshe vowsAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · εὔχομαιverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (indefinite condition)εὔχομαι: 'vow'; the widow's or divorcée's act of vowing — comprehensive and binding.

κατὰuponpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: 'upon her soul'; the same self-binding idiom as elsewhere.

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul.'

μενοῦσινshall remainFut Act Indic 3 Pl · μένωmain verb (apodosis: the vow stands absolutely)→ legislative future (unqualified permanence)μένω (fut. μενοῦσιν): 'remain / abide / stand in force'; the verb (agreeing ad sensum with the plural ὅσα) declares the widow's/divorcée's vow permanently binding; μενοῦσιν αὐτῇ ('they shall remain to her') is the same formula that confirms the daughter's vow at v. 5 — here applied without any possibility of annulment.

αὐτῇto herDativedative of reference (the vows remain binding upon her)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'to/for her'; the obligations remain hers to perform — her word stands as a man's does (v. 3).

ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς ἡ εὐχὴ αὐτῆς ἢ ὁ ὁρισμὸς κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς μεθ᾿ ὅρκου

But if it is in the house of her husband that her vow, or the binding-obligation upon her soul, is made with an oath—

Third qualified case (protasis): the wife who vows within her husband's houseἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς

The final scenario: a vow undertaken ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς αὐτῆς ('in her husband's house'), i.e., by a fully married woman, and reinforced μεθ᾽ ὅρκου ('with an oath'). The verbless protasis sets the stage for the apodoses of vv. 12–16, which spell out confirmation by silence, lawful annulment, and — uniquely — the husband's bearing of guilt for a belated annulment.

Word-by-word analysis· 20 words

ἐὰνifconditional particle (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the third qualified case (the wife in her husband's house).

δὲbuttransitional (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: marks the move from the widow's absolute vow (v. 10) back to a case under male authority.

ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative, fronted for emphasis)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'in'; the fronted locative stresses the setting — within the husband's household, the sphere of his authority.

τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / household'; the husband's house — the counterpart to the father's house of v. 4.

τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνδρὸςhusbandGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. ἀνδρός): 'husband'; the household authority whose response governs the vow's validity in vv. 12–16.

ἡtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχὴvowNominativesubject of the verbless protasis→ participant prominenceεὐχή: 'vow'; the positive promise undertaken within the marriage.

ἢordisjunctive conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: coordinates the vow and the binding-obligation.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁρισμὸςbinding-obligationNominativesubject (coordinate with εὐχή)→ participant prominenceὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation'; the self-imposed restriction, here paired with the vow.

κατὰuponpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: 'upon her soul'; the binding-obligation laid upon her self.

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul.'

μεθ᾿withpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen. (elided μεθ᾽): 'with'; μεθ᾽ ὅρκου ('with an oath') notes that the vow is reinforced by a sworn oath, heightening its solemnity — yet even this remains subject to the husband's lawful annulment.

ὅρκουan oathGenitivegenitive object of μετά (accompaniment)→ relational specificationὅρκος: 'oath'; renders שְׁבֻעָה; the oath binds the vow with a self-maledictory sanction; cf. v. 3, where ὅρκος is one of the three binding speech-acts.

καὶ ἀκούσῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς καὶ παρασιωπήσῃ αὐτῇ καὶ μὴ ἀνανεύσῃ αὐτῇ καὶ στήσονται πᾶσαι αἱ εὐχαὶ αὐτῆς καὶ πάντες οἱ ὁρισμοὶ αὐτῆς οὓς ὡρίσατο κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς στήσονται κατ᾿ αὐτῆς

and her husband hears and keeps silent toward her and does not refuse her, then all her vows shall stand, and all her binding-obligations which she bound upon her soul shall stand against her.

Apodosis (case 3a): silence and non-refusal confirm the wife's vowκαὶ ἀκούσῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς

Confirmation restated with both a positive (παρασιωπήσῃ, 'keeps silent') and an explicit negative condition (μὴ ἀνανεύσῃ, 'does not refuse'): the conjunction of silence and non-veto makes the vows stand. The closing κατ᾽ αὐτῆς ('against her, binding upon her') stresses that the confirmed vows now obligate her.

Word-by-word analysis· 32 words

καὶandconjunction (continuing the conditional period)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: continues the protasis from v. 11.

ἀκούσῃhearsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of protasis→ aorist subjunctive (condition)ἀκούω: 'hear'; the husband's hearing triggers his window of decision.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνὴρhusbandNominativesubject of ἀκούσῃ→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'husband.'

καὶandconjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

παρασιωπήσῃkeeps silentAor Act Subj 3 Sg · παρασιωπάωverb of protasis (positive silence-condition)→ ingressive aorist subjunctiveπαρασιωπάω: 'keep silent'; see v. 5; here paired with the explicit negative μὴ ἀνανεύσῃ for completeness.

αὐτῇtoward herDativedative (of reference)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'toward her'; complement of παρασιωπάω.

καὶandconjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μὴnotnegative particle (with subjunctive ἀνανεύσῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative used with the subjunctive; μὴ ἀνανεύσῃ ('does not refuse') makes the non-veto an explicit condition of confirmation.

ἀνανεύσῃrefusesAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀνανεύωverb of protasis (negated condition)→ aorist subjunctive (negated: does not refuse)ἀνανεύω: 'refuse / annul'; here negated — the husband neither speaks against the vow nor vetoes it; silence and non-refusal together confirm it.

αὐτῇherDativedative (of reference)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'her'; complement of ἀνανεύω.

καὶthenapodotic conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: apodotic 'then,' introducing the consequence.

στήσονταιshall standFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb of apodosis (first framing occurrence)→ legislative future (the vows are confirmed)ἵστημι (fut. mid.): 'stand / be in force'; frames the verse with the closing στήσονται.

πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective (modifying εὐχαί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; feminine nominative plural.

αἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχαὶvowsNominativesubject of στήσονται→ participant prominenceεὐχή: 'vow.'

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying ὁρισμοί)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; masculine nominative plural.

οἱtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁρισμοὶbinding-obligationsNominativesubject (coordinate with εὐχαί)→ participant prominenceὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation.'

οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ὡρίσατο)→ participant referenceὅς: relative pronoun; the refrain.

ὡρίσατοshe boundAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ὁρίζωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristὁρίζω (mid.): see above.

κατὰuponpreposition + genitive→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: 'upon her soul.'

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul.'

στήσονταιshall standFut Mid Indic 3 Pl · ἵστημιmain verb of apodosis (second framing occurrence)→ legislative future (resumptive confirmation)ἵστημι (fut. mid.): the repeated στήσονται closes the inclusio; with κατ᾽ αὐτῆς it stresses the vows now bind her.

κατ᾿against / uponpreposition + genitive (the vows bearing upon her)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen. (elided κατ᾽): 'against / upon'; κατ᾽ αὐτῆς ('against/upon her') marks that the confirmed vows are now obligatory for her — the binding rests squarely on her.

αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'her'; the one upon whom the confirmed vows bear.

ἐὰν δὲ περιελὼν περιέλῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς ᾗ ἂν ἡμέρᾳ ἀκούσῃ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν ἐξέλθῃ ἐκ τῶν χειλέων αὐτῆς κατὰ τὰς εὐχὰς αὐτῆς καὶ κατὰ τοὺς ὁρισμοὺς τοὺς κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς οὐ μενεῖ αὐτῇ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς περιεῖλεν καὶ κύριος καθαρίσει αὐτήν

But if her husband utterly cancels them on the day he hears—all that comes out of her lips according to her vows and according to the binding-obligations upon her soul—they shall not remain to her; her husband has cancelled them, and the LORD will acquit her.

Apodosis (case 3b): husband's cancellation annuls the wife's vow and acquits herἐὰν δὲ περιελὼν περιέλῃ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς

The annulment scenario for the married wife, using the new verb περιαιρέω ('take away, cancel') in the cognate-participle Hebraism περιελὼν περιέλῃ ('utterly cancel'). If he cancels on the day he hears, the vows do not remain; the perfective περιεῖλεν ('he has cancelled') states the act as done, and again κύριος καθαρίσει αὐτήν ('the LORD will acquit her').

Word-by-word analysis· 43 words

ἐὰνifconditional particle (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the husband's cancellation case.

δὲbutadversative (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: antithesis to v. 12 (confirmation vs. cancellation).

περιελὼνcancellingAor Act Part Nom Sg Masc · περιαιρέωcognate participle (intensifying περιέλῃ: Hebraism)→ intensive aorist participle (Hebrew infinitive absolute)περιαιρέω: 'take away all round / remove / cancel / annul'; the cognate construction περιελὼν περιέλῃ calques the emphatic infinitive absolute הָפֵר יָפֵר ('utterly annul'); περιαιρέω is the chapter's second annulment-verb (alongside ἀνανεύω), picturing the obligation stripped away from her.

περιέλῃcancelsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · περιαιρέωverb of protasis→ aorist subjunctive (condition)περιαιρέω (aor. subj. περιέλῃ): 'cancel / annul'; the husband's act of removing the vow's force, valid on the day of hearing.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνὴρhusbandNominativesubject of περιέλῃ→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'husband.'

ᾗon whichDativerelative pronoun (dative of time, with ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. fem. ᾗ): the temporal relative; the cancellation is valid only on the day he hears.

ἂνevermodal particle (with subjunctive)→ discourse linkage or contrastἄν: generalizing the temporal relative.

ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the decisive day; cancellation after this day shifts guilt to the husband (v. 16).

ἀκούσῃhe hearsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of temporal relative clause→ aorist subjunctiveἀκούω: 'hear'; fixes the temporal window of valid cancellation.

πάνταallAccusativeaccusative (object summarizing what is cancelled)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; πάντα ὅσα ('all that…') echoes v. 3 — the whole of what proceeds from her lips.

ὅσαwhatsoeverAccusativerelative pronoun (correlative with πάντα)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much as / whatsoever'; defines πάντα.

ἐὰνevergeneralizing particle (with subjunctive ἐξέλθῃ)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: here generalizing the relative (ὅσα ἐάν, 'whatsoever'), equivalent to ὅσα ἄν; cf. the same idiom in v. 3.

ἐξέλθῃcomes outAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιverb of indefinite relative clause→ aorist subjunctive (general condition)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come out'; the idiom 'whatever comes out of her lips' (here χειλέων, where v. 3 had στόματος) again locates the vow in the spoken word.

ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ + gen.: 'out of'; marks the lips as the source of the utterance.

τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

χειλέωνlipsGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationχεῖλος (gen. pl. χειλέων): 'lip'; 'that which comes out of her lips' parallels v. 3's 'mouth' and v. 7's 'utterance of her lips,' binding the law's central theme — the spoken vow — across the chapter.

κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; specifies the cancelled utterances as her vows.

τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχὰςvowsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationεὐχή: 'vow.'

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (norm, repeated)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to'; repeated for the binding-obligations.

τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁρισμοὺςbinding-obligationsAccusativeaccusative object of κατά→ object specificationὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation.'

τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle (attributive, with κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς phrase)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (attributive article): 'those (which are)'; the repeated article τοὺς κατὰ τῆς ψυχῆς αὐτῆς attributively qualifies the obligations as those 'upon her soul.'

κατὰuponpreposition + genitive (attributive)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + gen.: 'upon (her soul)'; here within an articular attributive phrase.

τῆςtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ψυχῆςsoulGenitivegenitive object of κατά→ relational specificationψυχή: 'soul.'

οὐnotnegative particle (with μενεῖ)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: negation; οὐ μενεῖ ('shall not remain') voids the cancelled vows.

μενεῖshall remainFut Act Indic 3 Sg · μένωmain verb of apodosis (negated; singular, agreeing with collective)→ legislative future (negated: shall not remain)μένω (fut. μενεῖ): 'remain / abide'; the singular agrees ad sensum with the collective body of vows; the husband's lawful cancellation removes their binding force.

αὐτῇto herDativedative of reference→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'to her'; the vows do not remain hers to perform.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνὴρhusbandNominativesubject of περιεῖλεν→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'husband'; named as the agent of the cancellation.

περιεῖλενhas cancelledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · περιαιρέωmain verb (statement of accomplished cancellation)→ constative aorist (the cancellation as accomplished fact)περιαιρέω (aor. περιεῖλεν): 'has cancelled / annulled'; the indicative restates the protasis-act as done, grounding the acquittal — because he has cancelled, she is not liable.

καὶandconjunction (introducing the acquittal)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of καθαρίσει→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the LORD acquits her, the third such acquittal-clause (cf. vv. 6, 9).

καθαρίσειwill acquitFut Act Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (divine acquittal)→ declarative future (divine acquittal)καθαρίζω (fut. καθαρίσει; note the alternate sigmatic form here vs. Attic καθαριεῖ at vv. 6, 9): 'cleanse / acquit'; forensic — the LORD clears the wife of guilt for the unperformed vow that her husband lawfully cancelled.

αὐτήνherAccusativedirect object of καθαρίσει→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. αὐτήν): 'her'; the wife, declared free of guilt.

πᾶσα εὐχὴ καὶ πᾶς ὅρκος δεσμοῦ κακῶσαι ψυχήν ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς στήσει αὐτῇ καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ αὐτῆς περιελεῖ

Every vow and every binding oath to afflict the soul—her husband shall confirm it for her, and her husband shall cancel it.

Generalizing summary: the husband's plenary authority to confirm or cancelπᾶσα εὐχὴ καὶ πᾶς ὅρκος δεσμοῦ

A summarizing maxim gathering all the foregoing cases: for every vow and every binding oath 'to afflict the soul' (κακῶσαι ψυχήν, the language of self-denial/fasting, cf. Lev 16:29), the husband has plenary authority — he may either confirm (στήσει) or cancel (περιελεῖ). The verse balances the two powers in a single antithetical couplet.

Word-by-word analysis· 18 words

πᾶσαeveryNominativeadjective (modifying εὐχή)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every / all'; feminine nominative singular, generalizing over all vows.

εὐχὴvowNominativesubject (casus pendens, resumed by αὐτῇ / object of στήσει)→ participant prominenceεὐχή: 'vow'; the comprehensive subject of the maxim.

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πᾶςeveryNominativeadjective (modifying ὅρκος)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every'; masculine nominative singular agreeing with ὅρκος.

ὅρκοςoathNominativesubject (coordinate with εὐχή)→ participant prominenceὅρκος: 'oath'; here ὅρκος δεσμοῦ ('oath of a bond') = a binding sworn obligation.

δεσμοῦof a bond / bindingGenitivegenitive of quality (with ὅρκος: 'binding oath')→ relational specificationδεσμός: 'bond / fetter / binding'; renders אִסָּר ('binding-obligation'); the genitive of quality ὅρκος δεσμοῦ ('an oath of binding') describes the self-imposed obligation in its most constraining form.

κακῶσαιto afflictAor Act Inf · κακόωinfinitive of purpose (epexegetic: the oath's purpose)→ aorist infinitive (purpose/result: 'so as to afflict')κακόω: 'afflict / mistreat / humble'; renders עִנָּה; κακῶσαι ψυχήν ('to afflict the soul') is the technical idiom for self-denial — fasting and ascetic abstinence (cf. ἐνώσετε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν, Lev 16:29, 31; 23:27); the vow in view is one of self-mortification.

ψυχήνsoulAccusativedirect object of κακῶσαι→ object specificationψυχή: 'soul / self'; the object of the self-affliction; the oath aims to humble or discipline the self.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνὴρhusbandNominativesubject of στήσει→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'husband'; the authority who may confirm.

στήσειshall confirmFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (the power to confirm)→ legislative future (potential exercise of confirmation)ἵστημι (fut. act. στήσει): 'make stand / establish / confirm'; the transitive active (contrast the intransitive middle στήσονται 'they shall stand') — here the husband causes the vow to stand; the active makes him the agent of its validity.

αὐτῇfor herDativedative of advantage (he confirms it for her)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'for her'; the dative of (dis)advantage — the confirmation is rendered with respect to her vow.

καὶand / orcoordinate conjunction (antithetical)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here joining the antithetical alternative — confirm or cancel.

ὁtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀνὴρhusbandNominativesubject of περιελεῖ→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'husband'; the same authority who may instead cancel.

περιελεῖshall cancelFut Act Indic 3 Sg · περιαιρέωmain verb (the power to cancel)→ legislative future (potential exercise of cancellation)περιαιρέω (fut. περιελεῖ): 'cancel / annul'; the antithetical counterpart to στήσει — the husband's plenary authority embraces both confirmation and cancellation; the couplet στήσει… περιελεῖ defines the scope of his power before vv. 15–16 specify its temporal limit and its cost.

ἐὰν δὲ σιωπῶν παρασιωπήσῃ αὐτῇ ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας καὶ στήσει αὐτῇ πάσας τὰς εὐχὰς αὐτῆς καὶ τοὺς ὁρισμοὺς τοὺς ἐπ᾿ αὐτῆς στήσει αὐτῇ ὅτι ἐσιώπησεν αὐτῇ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ ᾗ ἤκουσεν

But if he keeps utterly silent toward her day after day, then he confirms for her all her vows, and the binding-obligations upon her he confirms for her, because he kept silent toward her on the day he heard.

Apodosis (case 3c): prolonged silence positively confirms the vowἐὰν δὲ σιωπῶν παρασιωπήσῃ αὐτῇ

Silence is now made an active, confirming act: if the husband keeps utterly silent (σιωπῶν παρασιωπήσῃ, cognate-participle Hebraism) ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας ('day after day'), he thereby confirms (στήσει, twice) all her vows. The causal clause ὅτι ἐσιώπησεν… ᾗ ἤκουσεν grounds the confirmation precisely in his silence on the day of hearing — silence is consent, and consent on the decisive day makes the vow stand.

Word-by-word analysis· 30 words

ἐὰνifconditional particle (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the silence-confirmation case.

δὲbuttransitional (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: marks the contrast with the cancellation case of v. 13.

σιωπῶνkeeping silentPres Act Part Nom Sg Masc · σιωπάωcognate participle (intensifying παρασιωπήσῃ: Hebraism)→ intensive present participle (Hebrew infinitive absolute)σιωπάω: 'be silent / hold one's peace'; the cognate construction σιωπῶν παρασιωπήσῃ ('keeping silent he keeps silent' = 'utterly holds his peace') calques the emphatic infinitive absolute הַחֲרֵשׁ יַחֲרִישׁ; the doubling stresses sustained, deliberate silence.

παρασιωπήσῃkeeps silentAor Act Subj 3 Sg · παρασιωπάωverb of protasis→ aorist subjunctive (condition)παρασιωπάω: 'keep silent'; here the prolonged silence functions as an active confirmation, not mere passivity (cf. ἡσυχάζω, 'hold one's peace,' the cognate idea governing the chapter).

αὐτῇtoward herDativedative (of reference)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'toward her'; complement of παρασιωπάω.

ἡμέρανdayAccusativeaccusative of duration (within the idiom 'day after day')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the idiom ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας ('day from day, day after day') renders מִיּוֹם אֶל־יוֹם, denoting continuous silence over successive days — silence sustained well past the day of hearing.

ἐξfrompreposition + genitive (within the temporal idiom)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (before vowel ἐξ) + gen.: 'from'; part of the distributive temporal idiom 'day after day.'

ἡμέραςdayGenitivegenitive object of ἐξ (temporal idiom)→ relational specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; completes the idiom ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας ('day after day').

καὶthenapodotic conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: apodotic 'then,' introducing the consequence of sustained silence.

στήσειhe confirmsFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb of apodosis (first occurrence; transitive active)→ legislative future (confirmation effected by silence)ἵστημι (fut. act. στήσει): 'make stand / confirm'; the transitive active makes the silent husband the positive agent of confirmation — his silence does not merely permit but actively establishes the vow.

αὐτῇfor herDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'for her.'

πάσαςallAccusativeadjective (modifying εὐχάς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; feminine accusative plural.

τὰςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

εὐχὰςvowsAccusativedirect object of στήσει→ object specificationεὐχή: 'vow.'

καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τοὺςtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁρισμοὺςbinding-obligationsAccusativedirect object (coordinate with εὐχάς)→ object specificationὁρισμός: 'binding-obligation.'

τοὺςthoseAccusativearticle (attributive, with ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ (attributive article): 'those (which are)'; τοὺς ἐπ᾽ αὐτῆς attributively qualifies the obligations as 'those upon her.'

ἐπ᾿uponpreposition + genitive (the obligations resting upon her)→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + gen. (elided ἐπ᾽): 'upon'; the obligations rest upon her.

αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'her'; the one upon whom the obligations rest.

στήσειhe confirmsFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἵστημιmain verb (second, resumptive occurrence)→ legislative future (emphatic resumption of confirmation)ἵστημι (fut. act.): the repeated στήσει αὐτῇ emphatically reaffirms that sustained silence confirms both vows and obligations.

αὐτῇfor herDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'for her.'

ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because'; grounds the confirmation in his silence on the day of hearing.

ἐσιώπησενhe kept silentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · σιωπάωverb of causal clause→ constative aorist (the silence as accomplished fact)σιωπάω (aor. ἐσιώπησεν): 'kept silent / held his peace'; the indicative states the silence as the operative fact; his holding-his-peace (ἡσυχάζω/σιωπάω) on the decisive day is what confirms the vow.

αὐτῇtoward herDativedative (of reference)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. αὐτῇ): 'toward her.'

τῇon theDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (the day he heard)→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the decisive day of hearing, here in retrospect.

ᾗon whichDativerelative pronoun (dative of time, with antecedent ἡμέρᾳ)→ participant reference or interestὅς (dat. fem. ᾗ): the temporal relative referring back to ἡμέρᾳ — 'the day on which he heard.'

ἤκουσενhe heardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἀκούω (aor. ἤκουσεν): 'heard'; fixes the decisive day in the past — his silence on that very day is what made the vow stand.

ἐὰν δὲ περιελὼν περιέλῃ αὐτῆς μετὰ τὴν ἡμέραν ἣν ἤκουσεν καὶ λήμψεται τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτοῦ

But if he utterly cancels them after the day on which he heard, then he shall bear her iniquity.

Apodosis (case 3d): belated cancellation transfers the guilt to the husbandἐὰν δὲ περιελὼν περιέλῃ αὐτῆς

The decisive limiting case: if the husband cancels (περιελὼν περιέλῃ) only after the day he heard — having let his silence confirm the vow — he shall bear the guilt himself (λήμψεται τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτοῦ). The annulment-window is the day of hearing alone; a belated veto cannot void the vow without the husband's incurring its liability. This clinches the chapter's logic: silence confirms, and what silence has confirmed cannot later be undone without cost.

Word-by-word analysis· 15 words

ἐὰνifconditional particle (protasis)→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: 'if'; introduces the belated-cancellation case.

δὲbutadversative (post-positive)→ discourse linkage or contrastδέ: contrasts the belated cancellation with the timely silence of v. 15.

περιελὼνcancellingAor Act Part Nom Sg Masc · περιαιρέωcognate participle (intensifying περιέλῃ: Hebraism)→ intensive aorist participle (Hebrew infinitive absolute)περιαιρέω: 'cancel / annul'; the cognate construction περιελὼν περιέλῃ ('utterly cancels'), as in v. 13, calques the emphatic infinitive absolute — but here the cancellation comes too late.

περιέλῃcancelsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · περιαιρέωverb of protasis→ aorist subjunctive (condition)περιαιρέω (aor. subj. περιέλῃ): 'cancel'; here the act occurs μετὰ τὴν ἡμέραν ('after the day'), outside the lawful window — hence it carries guilt.

αὐτῆςher (vows)Genitivegenitive (object/partitive: cancels [the vows] of hers)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. αὐτῆς): 'her'; the genitive denotes the object of the cancellation — her vows (περιέλῃ αὐτῆς, 'cancels [the things] of hers').

μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal: 'after')→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; μετὰ τὴν ἡμέραν ('after the day') marks the cancellation as belated — past the legal moment of decision.

τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἡμέρανdayAccusativeaccusative object of μετά (temporal)→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the day of hearing, after which the husband's right of annulment lapses.

ἣνon whichAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative of time, with antecedent ἡμέραν)→ participant referenceὅς (acc. fem. ἥν): the relative referring back to ἡμέραν — 'the day on which he heard'; accusative by attraction/temporal extent.

ἤκουσενhe heardAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀκούωverb of relative clause→ constative aoristἀκούω (aor. ἤκουσεν): 'heard'; locates the decisive day in the past — the day whose passing closed the annulment-window.

καὶthenapodotic conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: apodotic 'then,' introducing the consequence.

λήμψεταιhe shall bearFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb of apodosis (the husband bears the guilt)→ legislative future (imputation of guilt)λαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψεται): 'take / receive / bear'; the idiom λαμβάνειν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ('bear the sin/guilt') renders נָשָׂא עָוֹן ('bear iniquity'); the husband who annuls too late assumes the liability for the broken vow — the guilt is transferred from the wife to him (cf. the same imputation-language in Lev 5:1, 17; 24:15).

τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἁμαρτίανsin / guiltAccusativedirect object of λήμψεται→ object specificationἁμαρτία: 'sin / guilt / liability'; renders עָוֹן / חֵטְא; here the legal guilt of the unfulfilled vow, which the belated annuller takes upon himself — the chapter's climactic transfer of culpability.

αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (the guilt now reckoned as his own)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. αὐτοῦ): 'his'; strikingly, the guilt that would have been the wife's becomes 'his' — the husband bears 'her iniquity' as his own (the Hebrew has 'her iniquity,' but the LXX's αὐτοῦ reckons it to him), sealing the principle that the cost of a broken vow falls on whoever wrongly nullifies it.

ταῦτα τὰ δικαιώματα ὅσα ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ ἀνὰ μέσον ἀνδρὸς καὶ γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον πατρὸς καὶ θυγατρὸς ἐν νεότητι ἐν οἴκῳ πατρός

These are the ordinances which the LORD commanded Moses, between a man and his wife, and between a father and a daughter in her youth in her father's house.

Colophon: subscription summarizing the law of vowsταῦτα τὰ δικαιώματα

The closing subscription (ταῦτα τὰ δικαιώματα, 'these are the ordinances') frames the whole pericope and names its two governing relationships: husband/wife and father/daughter. The phrase ἐν νεότητι ἐν οἴκῳ πατρός ('in her youth in her father's house') echoes v. 4, forming an inclusio that brackets the chapter's treatment of the daughter's case; the obedience-formula ὅσα ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ mirrors v. 1.

Word-by-word analysis· 25 words

ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of the verbless colophon)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'these'; neuter nominative plural agreeing with δικαιώματα; the demonstrative summation ταῦτα τὰ δικαιώματα is the standard LXX subscription-formula closing a legal unit (cf. Lev 26:46; Num 36:13).

τὰtheNominativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

δικαιώματαordinances / statutesNominativepredicate nominative (the body of laws just given)→ participant prominenceδικαίωμα: 'ordinance / statute / legal requirement'; renders חֻקִּים / מִשְׁפָּטִים; the term designates a binding legal regulation; here it sums up the whole law of vows as the LORD's ordinance.

ὅσαas many asAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐνετείλατο)→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as many as / which'; the correlative relative introduces the obedience-formula, defining the ordinances as precisely those the LORD commanded.

ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of relative clause→ constative aorist (completed divine command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; deponent middle; renders צִוָּה; the closing formula ὅσα ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ mirrors v. 1, framing the chapter with a divine-command inclusio.

κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the divine author of the ordinances.

τῷtheDativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object (recipient of the command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the mediator to whom the ordinances were given; the dative closes the obedience-inclusio opened in v. 1.

ἀνὰup / throughoutpreposition (in the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον: 'between')→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: 'up / throughout'; here only as the first element of the fixed idiom ἀνὰ μέσον ('in the midst of, between'), the standard LXX rendering of בֵּין.

μέσονbetweenAccusativeaccusative in prepositional idiom (ἀνὰ μέσον = 'between')→ spatial or relational framingμέσος: 'middle / midst'; the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον … καί ('between … and') renders בֵּין … וּבֵין, marking the two parties whose relationship the law governs.

ἀνδρὸςa man / husbandGenitivegenitive (with ἀνὰ μέσον: first party)→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. ἀνδρός): 'man / husband'; the first relationship governed by the law — husband and wife.

καὶandcoordinate conjunction (within ἀνὰ μέσον … καί)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: links the two parties in the 'between … and' idiom.

γυναικὸςwifeGenitivegenitive (second party of the first relationship)→ relational specificationγυνή (gen. γυναικός): 'woman / wife'; the wife whose vows the husband may confirm or annul (vv. 7–9, 11–16).

αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (his wife)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'his'; specifies the wife as the man's own.

καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the second relationship)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: introduces the second governed relationship.

ἀνὰup / throughoutpreposition (in the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον: 'between', repeated)→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: the repeated idiom-element ἀνὰ μέσον introduces the father/daughter relationship.

μέσονbetweenAccusativeaccusative in prepositional idiom (ἀνὰ μέσον = 'between')→ spatial or relational framingμέσος: 'midst'; second occurrence of the 'between … and' idiom.

πατρὸςa fatherGenitivegenitive (with ἀνὰ μέσον: first party of second relationship)→ relational specificationπατήρ (gen. πατρός): 'father'; the second relationship — father and daughter (vv. 4–6).

καὶandcoordinate conjunction (within ἀνὰ μέσον … καί)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: links father and daughter.

θυγατρὸςa daughterGenitivegenitive (second party of second relationship)→ relational specificationθυγάτηρ (gen. θυγατρός): 'daughter'; renders בַּת; the daughter whose vows the father may confirm or annul while she is in his house.

ἐνinpreposition + dative (temporal)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'in'; here temporal, 'in (the time of her) youth.'

νεότητιyouthDativedative of time (the daughter's youth)→ sphere or referenceνεότης: 'youth'; renders נְעֻרִים; the phrase ἐν νεότητι ἐν οἴκῳ πατρός deliberately echoes v. 4, forming an inclusio around the daughter's case.

ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν + dat.: 'in'; here locative, 'in her father's house.'

οἴκῳhouseDativedative of place (locative)→ sphere or referenceοἶκος: 'house / household'; the father's house, the sphere of paternal authority that defines the daughter's case (v. 4).

πατρόςof a fatherGenitivegenitive of possession (with οἴκῳ)→ relational specificationπατήρ (gen. πατρός): 'father'; the closing word seals the inclusio with v. 4 (ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτῆς), bracketing the entire law of vows.

The Book of Numbers, Chapter 30ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ Λ′

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Translation & textual notes