Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Numbers, Chapter 31ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ ΛΑ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Numbers 31 is a long (54-verse) campaign narrative recounting the holy war against Midian, commanded by YHWH as the ἐκδίκησις ('vengeance / vindication', vv.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Numbers 31 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Numbers 31 is a long (54-verse) campaign narrative recounting the holy war against Midian, commanded by YHWH as the ἐκδίκησις ('vengeance / vindication', vv. 2–3) for the apostasy of Baal-Peor (chs. 25), and framed as Moses' last military act before he is to be 'gathered to his people' (ἔσχατον προστεθήσῃ πρὸς τὸν λαόν σου, v. 2). A thousand from each tribe (twelve thousand armed men, vv. 4–5) are sent under Phinehas son of Eleazar — the zealot of ch. 25 — together with τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια ('the holy vessels') and αἱ σάλπιγγες τῶν σημασιῶν ('the trumpets of the signal-blasts', v. 6), marking the campaign as a cultic, not merely political, enterprise. The army kills every male (πᾶν ἀρσενικόν, v. 7), the five kings of Midian, and — a detail the LXX preserves emphatically — Βαλααμ υἱὸν Βεωρ, slain ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ('with the sword', v. 8), a notice that the NT will read as the just end of the false prophet whose 'counsel' (κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Βαλααμ, v. 16) engineered Israel's seduction (cf. 2 Pet 2:15; Jude 11; Rev 2:14). Moses' anger (ὠργίσθη, v. 14) that the women were spared, the herem command of vv. 17–18, and the elaborate purification protocol — seven days outside the camp, the τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ ('water of purification', v. 23), and the fire/water cleansing of metal spoil (vv. 19–24) — give the chapter a strongly priestly cast, dominated by the roots ἁγνίζω / ἁγνισμός and καθαρίζω / καθαρισμός. The meticulous arithmetic of vv. 25–47 divides the plunder (sheep, cattle, donkeys, and human captives) evenly between the warriors and the congregation, with a τέλος ('tribute', LXX rendering of מֶכֶס) levied for YHWH — one in five hundred from the soldiers' half to the priests, one in fifty from the people's half to the Levites. The chapter closes (vv. 48–54) with the officers' freewill gold offering ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ἡμῶν ('to make atonement for ourselves', v. 50), occasioned by the astonishing report that, after the battle, οὐ διαπεφώνηκεν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς ('not one of them was missing', v. 49) — the gold becoming a μνημόσυνον ('memorial', v. 54) before YHWH. The chapter is a morally difficult herem text and is annotated soberly: the LXX vocabulary (ἐκδίκησις as judicial vindication, the cultic purification framing, the atonement-offering at the close) situates the war within an ancient-Near-Eastern holy-war ideology in which the destruction of an enemy who had drawn Israel into covenant-breaking apostasy is construed as both divine judgment and ritual purgation, not as a model for later conduct.

1

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

New divine speech-act (main narrative onset of the Midian campaign)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the standard LXX introduction to divine legislative or commissioning speech, recurring throughout Numbers; the καί-parataxis links this command directly to the preceding inheritance and calendar legislation, opening the last great act of Moses' leadership — the war of vengeance on Midian.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the standard LXX rendering of the waw-consecutive ו; here it opens a new pericope, chaining the divine command into the running narrative of Numbers.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel); the aorist ἐλάλησεν introduces authoritative divine speech; the formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the recurrent commissioning header of the legislative sections of Numbers.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject marks this as unmediated YHWH-speech initiating the Midian war.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient of speech)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; declined as a first/third-declension hybrid in Rahlfs' LXX (gen. Μωυσῆ, acc. Μωυσῆν); accusative here as the directional object of πρός.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct speech)→ present participle (attendant circumstance; speech-marking)λέγω: the participle λέγων renders the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר ('saying'), the formulaic marker introducing the content of divine speech; a fixed Hebraism throughout the LXX Pentateuch.
2

ἐκδίκει τὴν ἐκδίκησιν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἐκ τῶν Μαδιανιτῶν καὶ ἔσχατον προστεθήσῃ πρὸς τὸν λαόν σου

Avenge the vengeance of the sons of Israel from the Midianites, and afterward you shall be added to your people.

Divine command (content of v.1 speech): the cognate-accusative charge of vengeanceἐκδίκει τὴν ἐκδίκησιν
The cognate-accusative ἐκδίκει τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ('avenge the vengeance') renders the Hebrew נְקֹם נִקְמַת, an intensifying figura etymologica; the ἐκδικ- root denotes judicial vindication, not private revenge. The second clause (ἔσχατον προστεθήσῃ) makes the campaign Moses' valedictory act: its completion is the precondition of his death.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἐκδίκειavengePres Act Impv 2 Sg · ἐκδικέωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ durative present imperative (carry out the vindication)ἐκδικέω: 'avenge / vindicate / exact justice'; renders נָקַם; in the LXX the ἐκδικ- word-group carries a forensic sense of executing rightful judgment on behalf of a wronged party, here the covenant community wronged at Peor (ch. 25).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with cognate object ἐκδίκησιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδίκησινvengeance / vindicationAccusativecognate accusative (figura etymologica with ἐκδίκει)→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: 'vengeance / vindication / retribution'; the cognate accusative ἐκδίκει τὴν ἐκδίκησιν renders נְקֹם נִקְמַת, an emphatic Hebrew construction; the genitive υἱῶν Ισραηλ identifies whose wrong is being vindicated — the judicial avenging owed to Israel.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive (subjective/objective: the vengeance owed to / on behalf of the sons)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('sons of Israel') is the standard LXX designation of the covenant people; the genitive here marks them as the wronged party whose vindication is to be executed.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive in apposition to υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here functioning as the genitive complement of υἱῶν.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source/object of the vengeance taken)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: 'from / out of'; here marking the Midianites as the party from whom the vindication is exacted (ἐκδικέω ἐκ τινος = 'take vengeance on someone').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαδιανιτῶνMidianitesGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (the people against whom vengeance is taken)→ relational specificationΜαδιανίτης: 'Midianite'; gentilic of Μαδιαν (מִדְיָן); the Midianites, with Moab, had seduced Israel into the Baal-Peor apostasy (Num 25:1–18), the offense now to be requited.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (linking command to its consequence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσχατονafterward / lastAccusativeadverbial accusative (temporal: 'after this, at the last')→ object specificationἔσχατος: 'last / final'; the neuter ἔσχατον used adverbially ('afterward, lastly') renders אַחַר ('after'); it sets the war as the terminal act before Moses' death, lending the command a valedictory solemnity.
προστεθήσῃyou shall be addedFut Pass Indic 2 Sg · προστίθημιmain verb (prediction of Moses' death)→ predictive future passive (divinely-effected gathering in death)προστίθημι (fut. pass.): 'add / place beside'; the idiom προστεθήσῃ πρὸς τὸν λαόν σου renders נֶאֱסַפְתָּ אֶל־עַמֶּיךָ ('you shall be gathered to your peoples'), the standard Pentateuchal euphemism for death as reunion with one's ancestors (cf. Gen 25:8; 49:33; Num 27:13); the passive implies YHWH as the agent of this gathering.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (goal: 'to your people')→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal: 'to your people').
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαόνpeopleAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the ancestral dead)→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; here in the euphemistic 'gathered to your people' idiom, λαός denotes the company of the ancestral dead with whom Moses will be reunited; the same death-formula is applied to Aaron (Num 20:24) and will be repeated of Moses at 27:13.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (2nd person singular)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): the singular possessive personalizes the death-notice — it is Moses himself who will be gathered once the Midian vengeance is complete.
3

καὶ ἐλάλησεν Μωυσῆς πρὸς τὸν λαὸν λέγων ἐξοπλίσατε ἐξ ὑμῶν ἄνδρας παρατάξασθαι ἔναντι κυρίου ἐπὶ Μαδιαν ἀποδοῦναι ἐκδίκησιν παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου τῇ Μαδιαν

And Moses spoke to the people, saying, 'Arm men from among you to set in array before the LORD against Midian, to render vengeance from the LORD upon Midian.'

Moses' relay of the divine command to the people (execution of v.2)καὶ ἐλάλησεν Μωυσῆς
Moses transmits YHWH's charge, the phrase παρατάξασθαι ἔναντι κυρίου ('to draw up in battle-array before the LORD') framing the war as a sacral act performed in the divine presence; ἀποδοῦναι ἐκδίκησιν παρὰ τοῦ κυρίου ('to render vengeance from the LORD') makes clear the vengeance originates with YHWH, not with Israel's own grievance.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλαλέω: here Moses is the speaker, relaying the divine command to the assembly; the verb mirrors κύριος ἐλάλησεν of v.1, marking faithful transmission.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαὸνpeopleAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the assembled Israelites)→ object specificationλαός: 'people'; here the muster-assembly of Israel that Moses addresses, to be levied for war.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct speech)→ present participle (speech-marking, rendering לֵאמֹר)λέγω: participle rendering Hebrew לֵאמֹר; introduces Moses' direct command to arm.
ἐξοπλίσατεarm / equipAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἐξοπλίζωmain verb (Moses' imperative to the people)→ ingressive aorist imperative (set about arming)ἐξοπλίζω: 'arm fully / equip with weapons'; the compound ἐξ- intensifies ('arm completely'); renders the Niphal הֵחָלְצוּ ('be equipped/levied'); a military mustering term, used here for raising the holy-war host.
ἐξfrom amongpreposition + genitive (partitive: 'from among you')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ (ἐξ before vowel): partitive 'from among'; the levy draws a portion of the people for war, not the whole.
ὑμῶνyouGenitivepartitive genitive (object of ἐξ)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): the second-person plural addressed to the assembly; the muster is drawn from their own ranks.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativedirect object of ἐξοπλίσατε→ object specificationἀνήρ: 'man / male / warrior'; renders אֲנָשִׁים; here the fighting men levied for the campaign, specified in v.4 as a thousand per tribe.
παρατάξασθαιto set in arrayAor Mid Inf · παρατάσσωinfinitive of purpose (goal of arming)→ aorist infinitive (purpose: to form a battle-line)παρατάσσω (mid. 'draw oneself up in battle-array'); renders עָרַךְ מִלְחָמָה; the middle voice denotes forming ranks for combat; the phrase παρατάξασθαι ἔναντι κυρίου casts the army's deployment as occurring 'before the LORD,' a sacral framing of holy war.
ἔναντιbeforepreposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; Hebraism rendering לִפְנֵי; the deployment 'before the LORD' marks the war as conducted in the divine presence and under divine sanction.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the war is fought ἔναντι κυρίου — in his sight and as his cause.
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile direction: 'against Midian')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + acc.: here in hostile sense, 'against'; renders עַל; the target of the array is Midian.
ΜαδιανMidianaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΜαδιαν: transliteration of מִדְיָן; indeclinable in the LXX; the Midianites are the object of the holy-war vengeance.
ἀποδοῦναιto render / repayAor Act Inf · ἀποδίδωμιinfinitive of purpose (second purpose: to repay vengeance)→ aorist infinitive (purpose: to render recompense)ἀποδίδωμι: 'give back / repay / render'; the compound ἀπο- has the sense of requital; ἀποδοῦναι ἐκδίκησιν ('render vengeance') frames the war as repayment of a debt of justice owed to Midian for Peor.
ἐκδίκησινvengeanceAccusativedirect object of ἀποδοῦναι→ object specificationἐκδίκησις: 'vengeance / retribution'; echoing the cognate construction of v.2; here the object rendered (repaid) upon Midian.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the LORD')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; marks the vengeance as originating with YHWH — it is the LORD's retribution, executed through Israel.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίουLORDGenitivegenitive object of παρά (divine source of the vengeance)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the vengeance is 'from the LORD,' theologically distinguishing it from human vendetta.
τῇuponDativearticle (dative with Μαδιαν: 'on Midian')→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜαδιανMidiandative of disadvantage (indeclinable; 'upon/against Midian')→ participant identificationΜαδιαν: indeclinable; the article τῇ supplies the dative case-marking ('to/upon Midian'), here a dative of disadvantage — the vengeance falls on Midian.
4

χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς ἐκ πασῶν φυλῶν Ισραηλ ἀποστείλατε παρατάξασθαι

A thousand from a tribe, a thousand from a tribe, from all the tribes of Israel, you shall send to set in array.

Specification of the levy (continuing Moses' command of v.3)χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς
The repeated χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς ('a thousand from a tribe, a thousand from a tribe') is a distributive Hebraism (אֶלֶף לַמַּטֶּה אֶלֶף לַמַּטֶּה) prescribing an equal levy from each of the twelve tribes — an egalitarian conscription totaling the twelve thousand of v.5, underscoring the all-Israel character of the holy war.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
χιλίουςa thousandAccusativedirect object of ἀποστείλατε (numeral: men to be sent)→ object specificationχίλιοι: 'a thousand'; the masculine accusative plural refers to a thousand men; the distributive repetition assigns this number to each tribe.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (partitive/source: 'from a tribe')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive/source: 'from a tribe').
φυλῆςa tribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (distributive: 'from each tribe')→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; the anarthrous distributive φυλῆς ('from a tribe') applies the thousand-man levy to each tribe in turn.
χιλίουςa thousandAccusativedirect object (emphatic distributive repetition)→ object specificationχίλιοι: the repetition χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς is a Hebraizing distributive doubling, conveying 'a thousand from each and every tribe.'
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (distributive repetition)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (distributive repetition).
φυλῆςa tribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (distributive)→ relational specificationφυλῆς: meaning 'a tribe'; it serves as genitive object of ἐκ (distributive).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (summarizing: 'from all the tribes')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (summarizing: 'from all the tribes').
πασῶνallGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying φυλῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / every'; the feminine genitive plural πασῶν gathers the distributive levy into its total scope — all twelve tribes.
φυλῶνtribesGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (summarizing the full muster)→ relational specificationφυλή (gen. pl. φυλῶν): the totalizing 'from all the tribes of Israel' confirms that the levy is comprehensive and equal.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive complement of φυλῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'tribes of Israel' designates the full tribal confederation supplying the host.
ἀποστείλατεsendAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (Moses' imperative to dispatch the levy)→ ingressive aorist imperative (dispatch the host)ἀποστέλλω: 'send out / dispatch (with a commission)'; renders שָׁלַח; the aorist imperative commands the formal sending of the levied troops to the front.
παρατάξασθαιto set in arrayAor Mid Inf · παρατάσσωinfinitive of purpose (goal of the sending)→ aorist infinitive (purpose: to form the battle-line)παρατάσσω (mid.): 'draw up for battle'; repeats the term of v.3, binding the levy's purpose to the holy-war array against Midian.
5

καὶ ἐξηρίθμησαν ἐκ τῶν χιλιάδων Ισραηλ χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς δώδεκα χιλιάδες ἐνωπλισμένοι εἰς παράταξιν

And they numbered out from the thousands of Israel a thousand from a tribe, twelve thousand armed for battle.

Execution of the levy: the twelve thousand mustered (fulfilling vv.3–4)καὶ ἐξηρίθμησαν
The conscription order is carried out: ἐξηρίθμησαν ('they counted out') from the tribal 'thousands' yields the round δώδεκα χιλιάδες — twelve thousand fully armed men (ἐνωπλισμένοι), one thousand per tribe; the perfect participle ἐνωπλισμένοι presents them in a state of combat-readiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξηρίθμησανthey numbered outAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐξαριθμέωmain verb (the mustering act)→ constative aorist (completed count)ἐξαριθμέω: 'count out / number off'; the compound ἐξ- denotes selecting and telling off a number from a larger body; renders מָסַר ('hand over / muster') here; the verb fits the precise-enumeration character of the book of Numbers (ἀριθμοί).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the thousands')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the thousands').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιλιάδωνthousandsGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (the tribal units from which men are drawn)→ relational specificationχιλιάς: 'a thousand / a unit of a thousand'; renders אֶלֶף; the 'thousands of Israel' are the tribal subdivisions/clans (military units), from which the levy is told off.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive complement of χιλιάδων)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; 'the thousands of Israel' designates the tribal manpower pool.
χιλίουςa thousandAccusativedirect object of ἐξηρίθμησαν (distributive: per tribe)→ object specificationχίλιοι: the thousand men counted out from each tribe, as commanded in v.4.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (distributive: 'from a tribe')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (distributive: 'from a tribe').
φυλῆςa tribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (distributive)→ relational specificationφυλή: 'tribe'; the distributive 'a thousand from a tribe' realizes the levy formula of v.4.
δώδεκαtwelveNominativenumeral (attributive with χιλιάδες: the total)→ participant prominenceδώδεκα: 'twelve'; indeclinable numeral; with χιλιάδες it gives the total muster (twelve thousand), the sum of one thousand from each of the twelve tribes — a symbolically complete all-Israel host.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative in apposition / summary (twelve thousand)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: here pluralized with δώδεκα to express the round total, twelve thousand armed men.
ἐνωπλισμένοιarmedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · ἐνοπλίζωperfect participle (predicative: describing the host as battle-ready)→ perfect participle (resultant state of being fully equipped)ἐνοπλίζω: 'arm / equip with weapons'; the perfect passive participle ἐνωπλισμένοι denotes a settled state — 'in a condition of being fully armed'; renders חֲלוּצֵי צָבָא ('equipped for the host'); emphasizes combat-readiness.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose/goal: 'for battle')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose/goal: 'for battle').
παράταξινbattle-arrayAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (purpose: military engagement)→ object specificationπαράταξις: 'battle-line / array / engagement'; cognate with παρατάσσω (vv.3–4); renders מִלְחָמָה / מַעֲרָכָה; the men are armed specifically for pitched battle.
6

καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς Μωυσῆς χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς χιλίους ἐκ φυλῆς σὺν δυνάμει αὐτῶν καὶ Φινεες υἱὸν Ελεαζαρ υἱοῦ Ααρων τοῦ ἱερέως καὶ τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια καὶ αἱ σάλπιγγες τῶν σημασιῶν ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτῶν

And Moses sent them, a thousand from a tribe, a thousand from a tribe, with their host, and Phinehas son of Eleazar son of Aaron the priest, and the holy vessels and the trumpets of the signal-blasts in their hands.

Dispatch of the host with priest, holy vessels, and trumpets (sacral commissioning)καὶ ἀπέστειλεν αὐτοὺς Μωυσῆς
Moses sends the twelve thousand under Phinehas — the zealous priest of ch. 25 whose action stayed the plague of Peor — carrying τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια ('the holy vessels') and αἱ σάλπιγγες τῶν σημασιῶν ('the signal-trumpets', cf. Num 10:9, where the trumpets summon YHWH's remembrance in war). The presence of priest, cult-objects, and trumpets defines the campaign as sacred war, fought under YHWH's banner rather than as ordinary conquest.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστειλενsentAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποστέλλωmain verb (Moses dispatches the host)→ constative aorist (completed dispatch)ἀποστέλλω: 'send out (with commission)'; here Moses formally dispatches the levied host to war, echoing his command ἀποστείλατε in v.4.
αὐτοὺςthemAccusativedirect object (the twelve thousand)→ participant referenceαὐτός: anaphoric pronoun referring to the mustered warriors of v.5.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
χιλίουςa thousandAccusativeaccusative in apposition to αὐτούς (distributive)→ object specificationχίλιοι: the distributive 'a thousand from a tribe' again specifies the makeup of the dispatched force.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (distributive).
φυλῆςa tribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (distributive)→ relational specificationφυλῆς: meaning 'a tribe'; it serves as genitive object of ἐκ (distributive).
χιλίουςa thousandAccusativeaccusative (distributive repetition)→ object specificationχιλίους: meaning 'a thousand'; it serves as accusative (distributive repetition).
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (distributive)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (distributive).
φυλῆςa tribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (distributive)→ relational specificationφυλῆς: meaning 'a tribe'; it serves as genitive object of ἐκ (distributive).
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'together with'; introduces the accompanying military force.
δυνάμειhost / forceDativedative object of σύν (accompanying army)→ sphere or referenceδύναμις: 'power / military force / army'; renders צָבָא ('host'); here the organized fighting strength of the levy that goes out to war.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying δυνάμει)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying δυνάμει).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing Phinehas)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΦινεεςPhinehasaccusative object of ἀπέστειλεν (indeclinable proper noun; commander)→ participant identificationΦινεες: transliteration of פִּינְחָס; indeclinable; the grandson of Aaron whose zeal against the Peor apostasy (Num 25:7–13) won him a covenant of perpetual priesthood — fittingly he leads this war of vengeance for that very apostasy.
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Φινεες (genealogical)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; introduces Phinehas' lineage, tracing his priestly descent through Eleazar to Aaron.
Ελεαζαρof Eleazarindeclinable proper noun (genitive: father of Phinehas)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: transliteration of אֶלְעָזָר; indeclinable; the high priest, son of Aaron and father of Phinehas.
υἱοῦsonGenitivegenitive in apposition (Eleazar son of Aaron)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. υἱοῦ): continues the genealogy, linking Eleazar to Aaron.
Ααρωνof Aaronindeclinable proper noun (genitive: grandfather of Phinehas)→ participant identificationΑαρων: transliteration of אַהֲרֹן; indeclinable; the first high priest, here named to anchor Phinehas' priestly authority over the holy war.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἱερέως)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέωςpriestGenitivegenitive in apposition to Ααρων (titular)→ relational specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; the title 'the priest' attached to Aaron underscores the priestly character of the lineage commanding the war.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the holy vessels)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκεύη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκεύηvesselsAccusativeaccusative object of ἀπέστειλεν (sent with the host)→ object specificationσκεῦος (pl. σκεύη): 'vessel / implement'; here τὰ σκεύη τὰ ἅγια are the sacred cultic objects accompanying the army — possibly including the trumpets, the Urim, or other holy apparatus carried into sacral war.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (attributive: 'the holy ones')→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἅγιαholyAccusativeattributive adjective (modifying σκεύη)→ object specificationἅγιος: 'holy / set apart'; renders קֹדֶשׁ; marks the vessels as consecrated cult-objects, their presence sanctifying the campaign and signaling YHWH's involvement in the battle.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the trumpets)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheNominativearticle (with σάλπιγγες)→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σάλπιγγεςtrumpetsNominativenominative (in a 'with X in their hands' nominal clause)→ participant prominenceσάλπιγξ: 'trumpet'; renders חֲצֹצְרָה; the silver trumpets of Num 10:1–10, blown in war 'that you may be remembered before the LORD your God and be saved from your enemies' (10:9) — their presence invokes divine aid in battle.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with σημασιῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σημασιῶνsignal-blastsGenitivegenitive of description (trumpets used for signaling)→ relational specificationσημασία: 'signal / signalling'; renders תְּרוּעָה ('battle-shout / alarm-blast'); 'the trumpets of the signal-blasts' are the alarm-trumpets sounded to rally the host and call upon YHWH (cf. Num 10:5–6, 9).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in their hands')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in their hands').
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with χερσίν)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερσὶνhandsDativedative of place (locative: 'in their hands')→ sphere or referenceχείρ (dat. pl. χερσίν): 'hand'; the trumpets are carried 'in their hands' — i.e., by Phinehas and the priestly attendants, ready to be blown in the engagement.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying χερσίν)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying χερσίν).
7

καὶ παρετάξαντο ἐπὶ Μαδιαν καθὰ ἐνετείλατο κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ καὶ ἀπέκτειναν πᾶν ἀρσενικόν

And they arrayed themselves against Midian, just as the LORD commanded Moses, and they killed every male.

The engagement: total slaughter of the males in obedience to the divine commandκαὶ παρετάξαντο ἐπὶ Μαδιαν
The battle itself is narrated with stark brevity: the army deploys 'just as the LORD commanded Moses' (καθὰ ἐνετείλατο), and ἀπέκτειναν πᾶν ἀρσενικόν ('they killed every male') — the herem formula of total male destruction, framed explicitly as obedience to the divine word, the first step of the holy-war devotion.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρετάξαντοthey arrayed themselvesAor Mid Indic 3 Pl · παρατάσσωmain verb (the deployment for battle)→ constative aorist (completed deployment)παρατάσσω (mid.): 'draw up in battle-line / engage'; the middle voice describes the troops forming ranks against Midian; the verb completes the muster-to-battle sequence begun in vv.3–5.
ἐπὶagainstpreposition + accusative (hostile: 'against Midian')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (hostile: 'against Midian').
ΜαδιανMidianaccusative object of ἐπί (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΜαδιαν: indeclinable; the object of the assault.
καθὰjust ascomparative conjunction (introducing obedience-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as / according as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; the obedience-formula καθὰ ἐνετείλατο κύριος stresses that the campaign conforms exactly to divine command — a recurrent refrain in the chapter (cf. vv.31, 41, 47).
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιverb of comparative clause (the divine command being obeyed)→ constative aorist (the prior command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / give orders'; deponent; renders צִוָּה; the standard LXX verb for divine commandment; here it grounds the army's action in YHWH's explicit charge to Moses.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the ultimate authorizer of the campaign.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of ἐνετείλατο (recipient of command)→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the recipient of the divine command, here the mediator whose orders the host fulfills.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (result of the engagement)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέκτεινανthey killedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb (the slaughter of the males)→ constative aorist (completed slaughter)ἀποκτείνω: 'kill / slay'; renders הָרַג; the blunt verb states the herem outcome — total killing of the adult male combatants; the LXX does not soften the report.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeadjective (modifying ἀρσενικόν: 'every male')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; the neuter πᾶν totalizes the slaughter — no male survivor.
ἀρσενικόνmaleAccusativedirect object of ἀπέκτειναν (collective: the male population)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male'; renders זָכָר; the substantive 'every male' denotes the adult Midianite men killed in the engagement (the kings and male children are itemized in vv.8, 17); the herem-formula language echoes the conquest narratives.
8

καὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς Μαδιαν ἀπέκτειναν ἅμα τοῖς τραυματίαις αὐτῶν καὶ τὸν Ευιν καὶ τὸν Σουρ καὶ τὸν Ροκομ καὶ τὸν Ουρ καὶ τὸν Ροβοκ πέντε βασιλεῖς Μαδιαν καὶ τὸν Βαλααμ υἱὸν Βεωρ ἀπέκτειναν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ σὺν τοῖς τραυματίαις αὐτῶν

And they killed the kings of Midian along with their slain — Evi and Sur and Rokom and Ur and Robok, five kings of Midian — and Balaam son of Beor they killed with the sword, together with their slain.

Itemized casualties: the five kings and Balaam slain by the swordκαὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς Μαδιαν ἀπέκτειναν
The narrative singles out the named leadership: the five Midianite kings (Evi, Sur, Rokom, Ur, Robok — Sur being the father of Cozbi, Num 25:15) and, climactically, Βαλααμ υἱὸν Βεωρ, slain ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ('with the sword'). The deliberate notice of Balaam's death is theologically pointed: the diviner who could not curse Israel but engineered her seduction at Peor (v.16; cf. 25:1–3) here meets the sword — a fate the NT cites as the type of the false teacher (2 Pet 2:15; Jude 11; Rev 2:14).
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with βασιλεῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βασιλεῖςkingsAccusativedirect object of ἀπέκτειναν (the Midianite rulers)→ object specificationβασιλεύς: 'king'; renders מֶלֶךְ; the five Midianite kings (or chieftains, called נְשִׂיאֵי מִדְיָן in Josh 13:21) constitute the political leadership destroyed in the campaign.
Μαδιανof Midianindeclinable proper noun (genitive: 'kings of Midian')→ participant identificationΜαδιαν: indeclinable; 'kings of Midian' identifies the slain rulers.
ἀπέκτεινανthey killedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb (slaying of the kings)→ constative aoristἀποκτείνω: repeated from v.7; the killing now extends to the named leadership.
ἅμαalong withadverb/preposition + dative (accompaniment: 'together with')→ spatial or relational framingἅμα: 'at the same time / together with'; + dative; the kings die 'along with their slain' — amid the general carnage of the male population.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with τραυματίαις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραυματίαιςslain / woundedDativedative with ἅμα (the battle-dead)→ sphere or referenceτραυματίας: 'one wounded (to death) / slain'; renders חָלָל ('pierced, fatally wounded'); a battlefield term for the war-dead; the kings fall amid the corpses of their own people.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying τραυματίαις)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying τραυματίαις).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the named kings)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ευιν, marking it as accusative object)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΕυινEviaccusative object (indeclinable proper noun; first king)→ participant identificationΕυι(ν): transliteration of אֱוִי (Evi); indeclinable, here taking the article τόν as accusative marker; the first of the five Midianite kings.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (accusative marker)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣουρSuraccusative object (indeclinable proper noun; second king)→ participant identificationΣουρ: transliteration of צוּר (Zur); indeclinable; the second king — named at Num 25:15 as the father of Cozbi, the Midianite woman slain by Phinehas, linking this campaign directly to the Peor episode.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (accusative marker)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡοκομRokomaccusative object (indeclinable proper noun; third king)→ participant identificationΡοκομ: transliteration of רֶקֶם (Rekem); indeclinable; the third Midianite king.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (accusative marker)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΟυρUraccusative object (indeclinable proper noun; fourth king)→ participant identificationΟυρ: transliteration of חוּר (Hur); indeclinable; the fourth Midianite king.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (accusative marker)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΡοβοκRobokaccusative object (indeclinable proper noun; fifth king)→ participant identificationΡοβοκ: transliteration of רֶבַע (Reba); indeclinable; the fifth Midianite king, completing the named pentad.
πέντεfiveAccusativenumeral (in apposition to the named kings: summary)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; indeclinable numeral; the summarizing apposition 'five kings of Midian' caps the list, matching the parallel at Josh 13:21.
βασιλεῖςkingsAccusativeaccusative in apposition (summary of the five)→ object specificationβασιλεύς: the recapitulating 'five kings of Midian' confirms the total tally of the slain rulers.
Μαδιανof Midianindeclinable proper noun (genitive: 'of Midian')→ participant identificationΜαδιαν: indeclinable; specifying the kings' nation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing Balaam, climactically)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (accusative marker with Βαλααμ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΒαλααμBalaamaccusative object of ἀπέκτειναν (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΒαλααμ: transliteration of בִּלְעָם; indeclinable; the Mesopotamian diviner of Num 22–24 who, unable to curse Israel, advised Balak to seduce her into Baal-Peor (v.16; 25:1–3); his death here is the chapter's most theologically weighted notice.
υἱὸνsonAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Βαλααμ (patronymic)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; introduces Balaam's patronymic, the fixed epithet 'son of Beor' (cf. 22:5).
Βεωρof Beorindeclinable proper noun (genitive: father of Balaam)→ participant identificationΒεωρ: transliteration of בְּעוֹר; indeclinable; Balaam's father; the patronymic 'Balaam son of Beor' is preserved verbatim in 2 Pet 2:15.
ἀπέκτεινανthey killedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb (resumptive: the killing of Balaam)→ constative aorist (the decisive slaying)ἀποκτείνω: the verb is repeated to foreground Balaam's death specifically — the resumptive ἀπέκτειναν singles out his end as a notable, deliberate act of judgment, not a mere casualty.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with the sword')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: instrumental ἐν (Hebraizing בְּ); marks the means of Balaam's death.
ῥομφαίᾳswordDativedative of instrument (the means of execution)→ sphere or referenceῥομφαία: 'sword / large broad-sword'; renders חֶרֶב; the specification ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ('by the sword') gives Balaam's death an air of formal execution; ironically, in 22:23–31 it was a drawn sword (ῥομφαία) in the angel's hand that Balaam's donkey saw and he did not.
σὺνtogether withpreposition + dative (accompaniment)→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'together with'; Balaam dies amid the general slaughter of the Midianite dead.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with τραυματίαις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραυματίαιςslainDativedative with σύν (the battle-dead)→ sphere or referenceτραυματίας: 'the slain'; echoing the phrase from earlier in the verse; Balaam's corpse lies among the rest of Midian's war-dead — the foreign seer perishing with the people he led astray.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying τραυματίαις)→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession (modifying τραυματίαις).
9

καὶ ἐπρονόμευσαν τὰς γυναῖκας Μαδιαν καὶ τὴν ἀποσκευὴν αὐτῶν καὶ τὰ κτήνη αὐτῶν καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔγκτητα αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῶν ἐπρονόμευσαν

And they took as plunder the women of Midian and their baggage and their livestock and all their possessions, and their substance they plundered.

Seizure of human and material spoil (the herem booty)καὶ ἐπρονόμευσαν
The plunder is itemized: women, dependents/baggage, livestock, acquired property, and 'substance.' The repeated ἐπρονόμευσαν framing the verse (inclusio) emphasizes the totality of the despoiling. The sparing of the women here is precisely what will provoke Moses' anger in vv.14–16.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπρονόμευσανthey took as plunderAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προνομεύωmain verb (seizure of spoil)→ constative aorist (completed despoiling)προνομεύω: 'forage / carry off as booty / plunder'; renders בָּזַז / שָׁלַל; a military term for stripping a defeated enemy of people and goods; the verb governs the whole catalogue of spoil.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with γυναῖκας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναῖκαςwomenAccusativedirect object of ἐπρονόμευσαν→ object specificationγυνή: 'woman / wife'; renders אִשָּׁה; the Midianite women are taken captive — the very act Moses will condemn (vv.15–16), since these women had been the instruments of the Peor seduction.
Μαδιανof Midianindeclinable proper noun (genitive: 'of Midian')→ participant identificationΜαδιαν: indeclinable; identifying the captive women's nation.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀποσκευήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποσκευὴνbaggage / dependentsAccusativedirect object (the camp-followers and goods)→ object specificationἀποσκευή: 'baggage / household effects / dependents (children and goods)'; renders טַף ('little ones / non-combatants') and/or the camp impedimenta; in the LXX the term often covers the women, children, and movable property of a household taken as spoil.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with κτήνη)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτήνηlivestockAccusativedirect object (the captured animals)→ object specificationκτῆνος (pl. κτήνη): 'cattle / livestock / beast'; renders בְּהֵמָה; the Midianite herds and flocks, later enumerated and divided in vv.32–47.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying ἔγκτητα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; totalizing the captured possessions.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἔγκτητα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔγκτηταpossessions / acquired propertyAccusativedirect object (movable acquired goods)→ object specificationἔγκτητος: 'acquired / held as property'; the neuter plural substantive τὰ ἔγκτητα denotes accumulated possessions and acquisitions; renders מִקְנֶה / רְכוּשׁ ('property, goods').
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with δύναμιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δύναμινsubstance / wealthAccusativedirect object (the total resources/wealth)→ object specificationδύναμις: usually 'power / army', but here in the sense of 'resources / substance / wealth' (rendering חַיִל, which spans both 'army' and 'wealth'); the LXX uses δύναμις for the accumulated material strength of Midian now carried off.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐπρονόμευσανthey plunderedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προνομεύωmain verb (resumptive: closing the inclusio)→ constative aorist (summary of the despoiling)προνομεύω: the repeated verb closes the verse as an inclusio (ἐπρονόμευσαν … ἐπρονόμευσαν), rhetorically sealing the completeness of the plunder.
10

καὶ πάσας τὰς πόλεις αὐτῶν τὰς ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς ἐπαύλεις αὐτῶν ἐνέπρησαν ἐν πυρί

And all their cities, those in their dwelling-places, and their encampments they burned with fire.

Destruction of settlements by fire (completion of the devastation)καὶ πάσας τὰς πόλεις
The settlements — cities and ἐπαύλεις ('encampments / unwalled villages') — are burned ἐν πυρί, the standard herem disposal of enemy habitations (cf. Deut 13:16; Josh 6:24); the fire completes the despoiling, leaving Midian without dwelling or refuge.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάσαςallAccusativeadjective (modifying πόλεις)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; totalizing the destruction of Midian's settlements.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with πόλεις)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesAccusativedirect object of ἐνέπρησαν→ object specificationπόλις: 'city / town'; renders עִיר; the Midianite urban settlements destroyed by fire.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
τὰςthoseAccusativearticle (attributive: 'those among their dwellings')→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with οἰκίαις)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκίαιςdwellings / settlementsDativedative of place (the inhabited areas)→ sphere or referenceοἰκία: 'house / dwelling / habitation'; renders מוֹשָׁב / טִירָה; the phrase τὰς ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις αὐτῶν ('those in their dwelling-places') specifies the cities as the inhabited settlements of Midian (the underlying Hebrew בְּמוֹשְׁבֹתָם, 'in their settlements').
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἐπαύλεις)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπαύλειςencampmentsAccusativedirect object of ἐνέπρησαν (the open settlements)→ object specificationἔπαυλις: 'farmstead / encampment / unwalled village / sheepfold'; renders טִירָה ('encampment, circle of tents'); the nomadic Midianite tent-camps, distinct from the walled πόλεις, also given to the fire.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἐνέπρησανthey burnedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἐμπίμπρημιmain verb (the burning of the settlements)→ constative aorist (completed conflagration)ἐμπίμπρημι (ἐμπί(μ)πρημι): 'set on fire / burn up'; renders שָׂרַף בָּאֵשׁ; the standard verb for the herem burning of enemy towns; the compound ἐν- intensifies ('burn down completely').
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (instrumental: 'with fire')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (instrumental: 'with fire').
πυρίfireDativedative of instrument (the means of destruction)→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: 'fire'; renders אֵשׁ; the phrase ἐνέπρησαν ἐν πυρί ('they burned with fire') is a fixed LXX redundancy (the instrumental ἐν πυρί calquing בָּאֵשׁ) for total incendiary destruction.
11

καὶ ἔλαβον πᾶσαν τὴν προνομὴν καὶ πάντα τὰ σκῦλα αὐτῶν ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους

And they took all the plunder and all their spoils, from man to beast.

Comprehensive gathering of the booty (merism of totality)καὶ ἔλαβον πᾶσαν τὴν προνομήν
The booty is summarized with the merism ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους ('from man to beast'), a fixed Hebraism (מֵאָדָם עַד־בְּהֵמָה) expressing total scope; προνομή ('forage-spoil') and σκῦλα ('battle-spoils, stripped goods') together comprise the captured people and goods now to be transported back to the camp.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβονthey tookAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (gathering of the spoil)→ constative aorist (completed seizure)λαμβάνω: 'take / seize / receive'; renders לָקַח; here the gathering-up of all the captured plunder for transport to Moses.
πᾶσανallAccusativeadjective (modifying προνομήν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; totalizing the forage-spoil.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with προνομήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προνομὴνplunderAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβον→ object specificationπρονομή: 'foraged spoil / booty (especially captives and livestock)'; cognate with προνομεύω (v.9); renders מַלְקוֹחַ ('that taken, captives and cattle'); the living plunder of the campaign.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallAccusativeadjective (modifying σκῦλα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; totalizing the inanimate spoils.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκῦλα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκῦλαspoilsAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβον→ object specificationσκῦλον (pl. σκῦλα): 'spoils / stripped goods / plunder (especially that taken from the slain)'; renders שָׁלָל; distinguished from προνομή by referring more to inanimate captured goods (weapons, valuables, garments).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive of possession.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (start of merism)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: the construction ἀπὸ … ἕως ('from … to') forms a merism of totality.
ἀνθρώπουmanGenitivegenitive of source (first pole of merism)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man / human'; the first pole of the merism 'from man to beast,' rendering מֵאָדָם; encompasses all captured persons.
ἕωςtopreposition + genitive (end of merism)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / up to'; closing the merism.
κτήνουςbeastGenitivegenitive of end-point (second pole of merism)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: 'beast / animal'; the second pole 'to beast,' rendering עַד־בְּהֵמָה; the merism ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους expresses the complete sweep of the plunder, animate and inanimate.
12

καὶ ἤγαγον πρὸς Μωυσῆν καὶ πρὸς Ελεαζαρ τὸν ἱερέα καὶ πρὸς πάντας υἱοὺς Ισραηλ τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν καὶ τὰ σκῦλα καὶ τὴν προνομὴν εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν εἰς Αραβωθ Μωαβ ἥ ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῦ Ιορδάνου κατὰ Ιεριχω

And they brought to Moses and to Eleazar the priest and to all the sons of Israel the captivity and the spoils and the plunder, to the camp at Araboth Moab, which is by the Jordan opposite Jericho.

Return of the host with captives and spoil to the campκαὶ ἤγαγον
The army returns the whole spoil — αἰχμαλωσία ('captivity, captives'), σκῦλα, and προνομή — to the three-fold authority of Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the congregation, at the staging-camp in Araboth Moab (the plains of Moab) by the Jordan opposite Jericho, the geographical setting of the closing chapters of Numbers and the launching-point for the conquest.
Word-by-word analysis· 35 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἤγαγονthey broughtAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἄγωmain verb (transport of the spoil to the camp)→ constative aorist (completed return)ἄγω: 'lead / bring / convey'; renders הֵבִיא; here the warriors lead/bring the captives and spoil back to the leadership and assembly.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: the chief recipient and arbiter of the spoil's disposition.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
ΕλεαζαρEleazaraccusative object of πρός (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: indeclinable; the high priest, co-recipient of the spoil and authority over its ritual purification (vv.21–24) and the priestly tribute.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with ἱερέα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερέαpriestAccusativeaccusative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ (title)→ object specificationἱερεύς: 'priest'; the title 'the priest' marks Eleazar's cultic authority over the holy spoil.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (recipient)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (recipient).
πάνταςallAccusativeadjective (modifying υἱούς)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the whole congregation, who will share in the division of the spoil (vv.27, 42).
υἱοὺςsonsAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the congregation)→ object specificationυἱός: 'son'; 'all the sons of Israel' designates the whole community as a third recipient-party.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive complement of υἱούς)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with αἰχμαλωσίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίανcaptivity / captivesAccusativedirect object of ἤγαγον (the captured people)→ object specificationαἰχμαλωσία: 'captivity / body of captives'; abstract-for-concrete, denoting the captured persons (the women and children); renders שְׁבִי; the term recurs in vv.19, 26 for the human plunder subject to purification and division.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκῦλα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκῦλαspoilsAccusativedirect object of ἤγαγον→ object specificationσκῦλον (pl. σκῦλα): the inanimate stripped goods, as in v.11.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with προνομήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προνομὴνplunderAccusativedirect object of ἤγαγον→ object specificationπρονομή: the foraged living spoil (livestock), as in v.11.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with παρεμβολήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολὴνcampAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination of the return)→ object specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp / encampment / army-quarters'; renders מַחֲנֶה; the Israelite war-camp to which the spoil is brought, the staging-ground in the plains of Moab.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (apposition: location of the camp)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (apposition: location of the camp).
ΑραβωθArabothindeclinable place-name (in apposition to παρεμβολήν)→ participant identificationΑραβωθ: transliteration of עַרְבֹת ('plains / steppes'); indeclinable; Αραβωθ Μωαβ = 'the plains of Moab,' the lowland steppes east of the Jordan, the camp-site for Numbers 22–36.
Μωαβof Moabindeclinable proper noun (genitive: 'of Moab')→ participant identificationΜωαβ: transliteration of מוֹאָב; indeclinable; 'the plains of Moab' opposite Jericho.
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἐστιν; localizing clause)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; the feminine ἥ agrees with παρεμβολή / Αραβωθ, introducing the geographical specification.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίcopula (locating verb in relative clause)→ stative present (geographical fact)εἰμί: 'be'; the copula in the localizing relative clause situates the camp by the Jordan opposite Jericho.
ἐπὶby / onpreposition + genitive (location: 'by the Jordan')→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (location: 'by the Jordan').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the river)→ relational specificationΙορδάνης: graecized form of הַיַּרְדֵּן; declined as a first-declension noun (gen. Ιορδάνου); the river forming the eastern boundary of Canaan, across from Jericho.
κατὰoppositepreposition + accusative (position: 'over against')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: here 'opposite / over against' (rendering יְרֵחוֹ ... עַל־יַרְדֵּן יְרֵחוֹ); locates the camp directly across the Jordan from Jericho.
ΙεριχωJerichoaccusative object of κατά (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΙεριχω: transliteration of יְרִיחוֹ; indeclinable; the Canaanite city opposite the camp, the first objective of the coming conquest.
13

καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Μωυσῆς καὶ Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ πάντες οἱ ἄρχοντες τῆς συναγωγῆς εἰς συνάντησιν αὐτοῖς ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς

And Moses and Eleazar the priest and all the leaders of the congregation went out to meet them outside the camp.

The leadership goes out to meet the returning army (transition to Moses' rebuke)καὶ ἐξῆλθεν Μωυσῆς
Moses, Eleazar, and the congregation's leaders go out εἰς συνάντησιν ('to meet') the returning host ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς ('outside the camp') — the warriors and their captives, being corpse-defiled, may not yet enter (cf. vv.19, 24); the meeting outside the camp sets the stage both for the purification regulations and for Moses' angry confrontation.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξῆλθενwent outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (singular with compound subject; the leaders go out)→ constative aorist (completed movement)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come forth'; renders יָצָא; the singular verb with a compound subject (Moses + Eleazar + leaders) is normal Greek/Hebraic agreement with the first-named subject; they go out to receive the returning army.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (first of compound subject)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (first of compound subject).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarsubject (indeclinable proper noun; second of compound subject)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: indeclinable; the high priest accompanying Moses.
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ (title)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; the title marks Eleazar's role in the purification rulings that follow (vv.21–24).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying ἄρχοντες)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the whole body of congregational leaders joins the welcome.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχοντες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςleaders / rulersNominativesubject (third of compound subject)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'ruler / leader / chief'; renders נָשִׂיא / רֹאשׁ; the tribal and clan heads of the congregation, the civil leadership alongside Moses and the priest.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with συναγωγῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitivegenitive (whose leaders: 'of the congregation')→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'assembly / congregation / community'; renders עֵדָה; the gathered community of Israel, whose leaders the ἄρχοντες are; the term recurs in v.16 (the plague 'in the congregation of the LORD') and vv.26–27 (division of spoil).
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (purpose: 'to meet').
συνάντησινmeetingAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (idiom: 'to meet them')→ object specificationσυνάντησις: 'a meeting / encounter'; the idiom ἐξέρχομαι εἰς συνάντησιν renders יָצָא לִקְרַאת ('go out to meet'), a fixed LXX phrase for a formal reception (whether welcome or confrontation).
αὐτοῖςthemDativedative complement of συνάντησιν (those met)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl. αὐτοῖς): the returning warriors whom the leaders go out to meet.
ἔξωoutsideimproper preposition + genitive (location: 'outside')→ spatial or relational framingἔξω: 'outside / without'; + genitive; the meeting takes place outside the camp because the corpse-defiled soldiers and captives may not yet enter (Num 19:11–16; cf. v.19 below).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with παρεμβολῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampGenitivegenitive object of ἔξω (the camp boundary)→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp'; the Israelite encampment, whose purity must be guarded from corpse-defilement (cf. Num 5:1–4); hence the reception 'outside the camp.'
14

καὶ ὠργίσθη Μωυσῆς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐπισκόποις τῆς δυνάμεως χιλιάρχοις καὶ ἑκατοντάρχοις τοῖς ἐρχομένοις ἐκ τῆς παρατάξεως τοῦ πολέμου

And Moses was angry with the overseers of the host, the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds who were coming from the battle-line of the war.

Moses' anger at the commanders (the chapter's pivot to the herem command)καὶ ὠργίσθη Μωυσῆς
Moses' anger (ὠργίσθη, passive of ὀργίζω, 'was provoked to wrath') falls on the officers — the χιλίαρχοι and ἑκατόνταρχοι — for sparing the women. The emotion is reported plainly, as with his exit μετὰ θυμοῦ at Exod 11:8; here it is theologically motivated by the unfinished herem and the danger the surviving women pose (v.16).
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὠργίσθηwas angryAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ὀργίζωmain verb (Moses' anger)→ ingressive aorist passive (became angry / was provoked to wrath)ὀργίζω (aor. pass. 'become angry'): renders קָצַף / חָרָה; the passive ὠργίσθη describes Moses' rising indignation at the commanders; his anger mirrors the divine ὀργή against unfinished apostasy, not mere personal temper.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ἐπὶwith / atpreposition + dative (object of anger: 'angry at')→ spatial or relational framingἐπί + dat.: marking the object of emotion, 'angry with / at'; renders עַל.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with ἐπισκόποις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐπισκόποιςoverseersDativedative object of ἐπί (the officers)→ sphere or referenceἐπίσκοπος: 'overseer / officer / inspector'; renders פְּקֻדֵי (those appointed/mustered over); the military officers in charge of the host; the LXX uses ἐπίσκοπος of appointed supervisors (cf. its later ecclesiastical sense).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with δυνάμεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςhost / armyGenitivegenitive (whose overseers: 'of the host')→ relational specificationδύναμις: here 'army / military force' (rendering צָבָא), as in v.6; the ἐπίσκοποι are the officers set over this host.
χιλιάρχοιςcommanders of thousandsDativedative in apposition to ἐπισκόποις (specifying the ranks)→ sphere or referenceχιλίαρχος: 'commander of a thousand'; renders שַׂר־הָאֲלָפִים; the senior field officers, each over a tribal contingent of a thousand.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑκατοντάρχοιςcommanders of hundredsDativedative in apposition to ἐπισκόποις (specifying the ranks)→ sphere or referenceἑκατόνταρχος: 'commander of a hundred / centurion'; renders שַׂר־הַמֵּאוֹת; the junior field officers over units of a hundred; the χιλίαρχοι/ἑκατόνταρχοι pairing recurs at vv.48, 52, 54.
τοῖςthoseDativearticle (with the participle ἐρχομένοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρχομένοιςcomingPres Mid Part Dat Masc Pl · ἔρχομαιattributive participle (describing the officers returning from war)→ present participle (action in progress: 'as they were coming')ἔρχομαι: 'come / go'; the present middle participle ἐρχομένοις (deponent) describes the officers in the act of returning from the battlefront when Moses meets and rebukes them.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the battle-line')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the battle-line').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with παρατάξεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρατάξεωςbattle-lineGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (the place of combat)→ relational specificationπαράταξις: 'battle-line / engagement'; cognate with παρατάσσω (vv.3, 7); here 'the battle-line of the war,' the place from which the officers return.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with πολέμου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολέμουwarGenitivegenitive of description (modifying παρατάξεως)→ relational specificationπόλεμος: 'war / battle'; renders מִלְחָמָה; 'the battle-line of the war' designates the recently concluded Midian campaign.
15

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς ἵνα τί ἐζωγρήσατε πᾶν θῆλυ

And Moses said to them, 'Why did you spare alive every female?'

Moses' rebuking question (content of his anger)καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Μωυσῆς
Moses' reproach takes the form of an indignant rhetorical question, ἵνα τί ('to what end? why?'), the LXX rendering of לָמָּה; the verb ζωγρέω ('take alive, spare') frames the offense — the women, who should have fallen under the herem, were kept alive; v.16 supplies the reason this was so grave.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Moses' direct rebuke to the officers.
αὐτοῖςto themDativedative indirect object (the commanders)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός: the officers addressed.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ἵναwhyinterrogative particle (with τί: 'to what end / why')→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: in the fixed interrogative idiom ἵνα τί ('for what purpose? why?'); renders לָמָּה; expresses indignant reproach, demanding the rationale for sparing the women.
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (adverbial accusative with ἵνα: 'why')→ participant referenceτίς, τί: interrogative pronoun; the neuter accusative τί in ἵνα τί functions adverbially ('to what end'); together a reproachful 'why?'
ἐζωγρήσατεdid you spare aliveAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ζωγρέωmain verb of the question (the action rebuked)→ constative aorist (the completed sparing)ζωγρέω: 'take alive / capture alive / spare'; from ζωός ('living') + ἀγρέω ('catch'); renders חָיָה (Piel, 'keep alive'); the verb pinpoints the officers' fault — they captured the women alive instead of executing the herem; cf. the same verb (positively) in v.18 for the virgins who may be spared.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeadjective (modifying θῆλυ)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; totalizing — the whole female population was spared.
θῆλυfemaleAccusativedirect object of ἐζωγρήσατε (collective: the females)→ object specificationθῆλυς: 'female'; the neuter substantive πᾶν θῆλυ ('every female') renders כָּל־נְקֵבָה; the Midianite women whose survival Moses condemns as the unfinished business of the war.
16

αὗται γὰρ ἦσαν τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Βαλααμ τοῦ ἀποστῆσαι καὶ ὑπεριδεῖν τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ἕνεκεν Φογωρ καὶ ἐγένετο ἡ πληγὴ ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ κυρίου

For these were the ones who, by the word of Balaam, became to the sons of Israel an occasion to revolt and to disregard the word of the LORD on account of Phogor; and the plague came upon the congregation of the LORD.

Justification of the rebuke: the women were the agents of the Peor apostasyαὗται γὰρ ἦσαν
The γάρ-clause supplies the rationale: these very women were, κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Βαλααμ ('by the counsel/word of Balaam'), the instruments who led Israel to apostatize (ἀποστῆσαι) and despise YHWH's word at Peor (ἕνεκεν Φογωρ), bringing the deadly plague on the congregation (Num 25:1–9). This verse is the NT's basis for 'the teaching of Balaam… who taught Balak to put a stumbling-block before the sons of Israel' (Rev 2:14).
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
αὗταιtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject: 'these women')→ participant referenceοὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο: the feminine plural αὗται ('these women') points back to πᾶν θῆλυ of v.15; emphatic and accusatory, singling out the spared women as the very culprits of Peor.
γὰρforcausal conjunction (post-positive; introducing the rationale)→ discourse linkage or contrastγάρ: 'for'; supplies the ground for Moses' anger and command — explaining why sparing these women was so grievous.
ἦσανwereImperf Act Indic 3 Pl · εἰμίcopula (with following articular infinitives expressing result/purpose)→ imperfect (durative past state: 'they were [the cause]')εἰμί (impf. ἦσαν): 'were'; here the women 'were to the sons of Israel' the occasion of apostasy — a Hebraizing construction (הָיוּ … לְ) in which εἰμί + dative + articular infinitive expresses the role/effect they came to have.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative of disadvantage (those harmed: 'to the sons of Israel')→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; 'the sons of Israel' are the ones to whom the women became a snare; dative of (dis)advantage.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive complement of υἱοῖς)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
κατὰaccording to / bypreposition + accusative (norm/means: 'by the word of')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: 'according to / by'; κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα Βαλααμ = 'by the word/counsel of Balaam,' identifying Balaam's advice as the strategy behind the seduction (cf. Num 24:14; the Balaam-counsel tradition in Rev 2:14).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαword / counselAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (Balaam's advice)→ object specificationῥῆμα: 'word / matter / counsel'; renders דָּבָר; here Balaam's counsel — the stratagem of sending Midianite women to seduce Israel into idolatry; contrasted pointedly with τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ('the word of the LORD') later in the verse.
Βαλααμof Balaamindeclinable proper noun (genitive: 'of Balaam')→ participant identificationΒαλααμ: indeclinable; the counsel is attributed to Balaam, who, though slain (v.8), is named as the intellectual author of Israel's apostasy.
τοῦtoGenitivearticle (genitive articular infinitive: result/purpose)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀποστῆσαιto make revolt / to apostatizeAor Act Inf · ἀφίστημιarticular infinitive of result (τοῦ ἀποστῆσαι: 'so as to make them revolt')→ aorist infinitive (result/purpose: causing defection)ἀφίστημι: transitive aor. 'cause to revolt / lead into apostasy'; renders the Hiphil of מָעַל / סוּר; the articular infinitive τοῦ ἀποστῆσαι expresses the effect of Balaam's counsel — to make Israel turn away from YHWH; ἀφίστημι is the root behind ἀποστασία ('apostasy').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two infinitives)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπεριδεῖνto disregard / despiseAor Act Inf · ὑπεροράωarticular infinitive of result (coordinate with ἀποστῆσαι)→ aorist infinitive (result: to look past / scorn)ὑπεροράω (aor. ὑπεριδεῖν): 'overlook / disregard / despise'; lit. 'look over/past'; renders מָעַל / בָּזָה here in the sense of treating YHWH's word with contempt; the women's seduction led Israel to scorn the divine command.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ῥῆμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥῆμαwordAccusativedirect object of ὑπεριδεῖν (the LORD's command)→ object specificationῥῆμα: here τὸ ῥῆμα κυρίου ('the word of the LORD') — the divine command despised at Peor; the deliberate repetition of ῥῆμα sets Balaam's word against the LORD's word, the chapter's central antithesis.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of source (whose word: 'of the LORD')→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the word despised is YHWH's own command.
ἕνεκενon account ofimproper preposition + genitive (cause: 'because of Phogor')→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: 'because of / on account of'; + genitive; renders עַל־דְּבַר ('in the matter of'); identifies the Peor incident as the occasion of the apostasy.
ΦογωρPhogor / Peorindeclinable place/deity-name (object of ἕνεκεν)→ participant identificationΦογωρ: transliteration of פְּעוֹר (Peor); indeclinable; refers to Baal-Peor, the Moabite/Midianite deity and the place of the apostasy of Num 25:1–9; 'on account of Phogor' = in the matter of the Baal-Peor idolatry.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the consequence)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοcame / happenedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (the plague's onset)→ constative aorist (the event that occurred)γίνομαι: 'become / come to be / happen'; here 'the plague came/arose'; renders וַתְּהִי; recalls the 24,000 who died in the plague of Num 25:9.
theNominativearticle (with πληγή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πληγὴplagueNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceπληγή: 'plague / blow / stroke'; renders מַגֵּפָה; the deadly plague that struck Israel at Peor (Num 25:8–9), the direct consequence of the women's seduction — hence the justice of their destruction now.
ἐνin / uponpreposition + dative (location: 'among the congregation')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location: 'among the congregation').
τῇtheDativearticle (with συναγωγῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῇcongregationDativedative of place (where the plague fell)→ sphere or referenceσυναγωγή: 'congregation / assembly'; the phrase ἐν τῇ συναγωγῇ κυρίου ('among the congregation of the LORD') stresses that the plague struck the covenant community itself — the gravity that justifies the present herem.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (whose congregation)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; 'the congregation of the LORD' — YHWH's own people, defiled and decimated through the Midianite seduction.
17

καὶ νῦν ἀποκτείνατε πᾶν ἀρσενικὸν ἐν πάσῃ τῇ ἀπαρτίᾳ καὶ πᾶσαν γυναῖκα ἥτις ἔγνωκεν κοίτην ἄρσενος ἀποκτείνατε

And now kill every male among the little ones, and every woman who has known the bed of a male, kill.

The herem command: execution of male children and non-virgin womenκαὶ νῦν ἀποκτείνατε
καὶ νῦν ('and now') turns from rationale (v.16) to the gravest command of the chapter: the killing of the male children and of every woman who has 'known the bed of a male' — the latter because such women were the agents (or potential agents) of cultic-sexual seduction at Peor. This is the chapter's central moral-theological crux: a herem extending to non-combatants, to be read soberly within its ancient holy-war context and not as a normative pattern.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowtemporal adverb (transition from rationale to command)→ adverbial qualificationνῦν: 'now'; the idiom καὶ νῦν renders וְעַתָּה, a transitional formula moving from the grounds (v.16) to the consequent imperative — 'and now, therefore, kill.'
ἀποκτείνατεkillAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb (Moses' herem imperative)→ ingressive aorist imperative (carry out the killing)ἀποκτείνω: 'kill / slay'; the bald imperative commands the completion of the herem that the officers had left undone; the LXX renders the difficult Hebrew הִרְגוּ without mitigation.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeadjective (modifying ἀρσενικόν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every'; totalizing the command over the male children.
ἀρσενικὸνmaleAccusativedirect object of ἀποκτείνατε (the male children)→ object specificationἀρσενικός: 'male'; here, since the adult males were already killed (v.7), 'every male among the little ones' = the male children of the captives; renders כָּל־זָכָר בַּטָּף.
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (location: 'among the little ones')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'among'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (location: 'among the little ones').
πάσῃallDativeadjective (modifying ἀπαρτίᾳ)→ sphere or referenceπᾶς: 'all / whole'; modifying the whole body of dependents.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἀπαρτίᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρτίᾳlittle ones / dependentsDativedative of place (the body of non-combatants/children)→ sphere or referenceἀπαρτία: 'household goods / dependents / little ones'; here renders טַף ('children, non-combatant dependents'); 'every male among the dependents' specifies the male children to be killed; the same word recurs in v.18 for the whole body of captive females.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανeveryAccusativeadjective (modifying γυναῖκα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every'; totalizing over the non-virgin women.
γυναῖκαwomanAccusativedirect object of the second ἀποκτείνατε→ object specificationγυνή: 'woman'; the category defined by the relative clause — every woman who has had sexual relations, marked for death as a potential agent of the Peor-type seduction.
ἥτιςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἔγνωκεν; defining the category)→ participant referenceὅστις, ἥτις: indefinite/generic relative 'whoever / such as'; the qualitative ἥτις defines a class — 'any woman who...' — rather than a specific individual.
ἔγνωκενhas knownPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · γινώσκωverb of relative clause (the defining criterion)→ perfect (settled state resulting from past act: 'has known')γινώσκω (perf. ἔγνωκεν): 'know'; the perfect denotes an abiding state; here the sexual euphemism 'know the bed of a male' (renders יָדַע מִשְׁכַּב זָכָר); the perfect marks the woman as one who is in the state of having had sexual experience.
κοίτηνbed / lyingAccusativedirect object of ἔγνωκεν (euphemism for sexual relations)→ object specificationκοίτη: 'bed / lying-down / sexual intercourse'; renders מִשְׁכָּב; the idiom γινώσκω κοίτην ἄρσενος ('know the bed of a male') is a fixed euphemism for a woman's sexual experience with a man.
ἄρσενοςof a maleGenitivegenitive of relationship (the male partner)→ relational specificationἄρσην: 'male'; the genitive ἄρσενος ('of a male') completes the euphemism; the criterion is sexual experience, distinguishing the non-virgins (killed) from the virgins (spared, v.18).
ἀποκτείνατεkillAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ἀποκτείνωmain verb (resumptive imperative, closing the command)→ aorist imperative (emphatic repetition)ἀποκτείνω: the resumptive repetition of the imperative (ἀποκτείνατε … ἀποκτείνατε) brackets the verse, underscoring the gravity and unconditional character of the command.
18

πᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν τῶν γυναικῶν ἥτις οὐκ οἶδεν κοίτην ἄρσενος ζωγρήσατε αὐτάς

All the body of women who have not known the bed of a male, keep them alive for yourselves.

The exception to the herem: the virgin girls may be sparedπᾶσαν τὴν ἀπαρτίαν
The one exception: the virgin females (αἳ οὐκ οἶδεν κοίτην ἄρσενος) are to be spared alive (ζωγρήσατε), the same verb used negatively of the officers in v.15 now used as a positive command. Their number is given as 32,000 in v.35. Within the narrative logic, only those incapable of the Peor seduction are exempted from the devotion.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πᾶσανallAccusativeadjective (modifying ἀπαρτίαν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the whole body of virgin captives.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with ἀπαρτίαν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρτίανbody / companyAccusativedirect object of ζωγρήσατε (the company of women)→ object specificationἀπαρτία: here 'the company / body (of women)'; the same term as v.17, denoting the assembled female dependents; here qualified by the virginity clause as those to be spared.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with γυναικῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικῶνwomenGenitivepartitive/descriptive genitive ('of the women')→ relational specificationγυνή (gen. pl. γυναικῶν): 'women'; the body of females from which the virgins are distinguished.
ἥτιςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (generic, defining the spared class)→ participant referenceὅστις, ἥτις: generic relative; the construction is constructio ad sensum (ἥτις, sing., for the collective γυναικῶν), defining the class 'such as have not known a man.'
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating οἶδεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐκ before vowel): negation; marks the virginity criterion negatively — those who have not known a man.
οἶδενhas knownPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · οἶδαverb of relative clause (the virginity criterion)→ perfect with present sense (state of knowing/not knowing)οἶδα: 'know' (perfect with present meaning); used as a near-synonym of γινώσκω in the sexual euphemism; the negated οὐκ οἶδεν κοίτην ἄρσενος defines the virgin girls who have not had sexual relations.
κοίτηνbedAccusativedirect object of οἶδεν (euphemism)→ object specificationκοίτη: as in v.17, the euphemism for sexual relations; here negated to define virginity.
ἄρσενοςof a maleGenitivegenitive of relationship→ relational specificationἄρσην: 'male'; completing the euphemism, marking the spared females as those who have had no relations with a man.
ζωγρήσατεkeep aliveAor Act Impv 2 Pl · ζωγρέωmain verb (the command to spare the virgins)→ ingressive aorist imperative (spare them alive)ζωγρέω: 'take/keep alive'; the same verb Moses used reproachfully in v.15 (ἐζωγρήσατε) is here a positive command — the virgins alone may be spared; the verbal echo sharpens the contrast between the wrongful and the sanctioned sparing.
αὐτάςthemAccusativedirect object of ζωγρήσατε (resumptive pronoun: the virgins)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. fem. pl. αὐτάς): resumptive pronoun reinforcing the object — 'keep them (the virgin girls) alive'; a Hebraizing redundancy (the relative clause's antecedent resumed by the pronoun).
19

καὶ ὑμεῖς παρεμβάλετε ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας πᾶς ὁ ἀνελὼν καὶ ὁ ἁπτόμενος τοῦ τετρωμένου ἁγνισθήσεται τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ τρίτῃ καὶ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ ὑμεῖς καὶ ἡ αἰχμαλωσία ὑμῶν

And as for you, encamp outside the camp seven days; everyone who has killed and everyone who has touched the slain shall purify himself on the third day and on the seventh day, you and your captives.

Purification regulation for the warriors (corpse-defilement law applied)καὶ ὑμεῖς παρεμβάλετε
The emphatic ὑμεῖς turns to the soldiers' own ritual state: as corpse-defiled (cf. Num 19:11–19), they and their captives must remain outside the camp seven days and purify themselves (ἁγνισθήσεται) on the third and seventh days. The holy war renders even the victors unclean; victory does not exempt from the purity law. ἁγνίζω here is the technical term for the water-of-separation rite.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativeemphatic subject (the warriors addressed)→ participant referenceσύ (nom. pl. ὑμεῖς): the emphatic pronoun shifts focus to the soldiers' own duty — 'as for you yourselves.'
παρεμβάλετεencampAor Act Impv 2 Pl · παρεμβάλλωmain verb (command to remain outside the camp)→ ingressive aorist imperative (take up quarters outside)παρεμβάλλω: 'encamp / pitch camp'; cognate with παρεμβολή; renders חָנָה; the command to bivouac outside the camp enforces the corpse-defilement quarantine of Num 5:2–3; 19:11–22.
ἔξωoutsideimproper preposition + genitive (location)→ spatial or relational framingἔξω: 'outside'; the defiled may not enter the camp until cleansed.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with παρεμβολῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολῆςcampGenitivegenitive object of ἔξω→ relational specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp'; the holy encampment whose purity must be preserved.
ἑπτὰsevenAccusativenumeral (with ἡμέρας: duration)→ measure or countἑπτά: 'seven'; indeclinable; the seven-day quarantine is the standard corpse-defilement period (Num 19:11, 14, 16).
ἡμέραςdaysAccusativeaccusative of duration ('for seven days')→ object specificationἡμέρα: 'day'; the accusative of extent specifies the length of the quarantine.
πᾶςeveryoneNominativesubject (with the substantival participles)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'everyone / each'; totalizing — all who killed or touched a corpse fall under the rule.
the oneNominativearticle (substantivizing ἀνελών)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνελὼνwho has killedAor Act Part Nom Masc Sg · ἀναιρέωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one who killed')→ aorist participle (completed act: the slayer)ἀναιρέω: 'take up / do away with / kill'; the aorist participle ὁ ἀνελών ('the one who has slain') denotes the warrior who took a life in battle — thereby corpse-defiled.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
the oneNominativearticle (substantivizing ἁπτόμενος)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁπτόμενοςwho touchesPres Mid Part Nom Masc Sg · ἅπτωsubstantival participle (subject: 'the one touching')→ present participle (the act of contact)ἅπτομαι (mid. 'touch / take hold of'); + genitive; renders נָגַע; touching a corpse incurs seven-day defilement (Num 19:11, 16); the middle voice is normal for this verb in the sense 'lay hold of, touch.'
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with τετρωμένου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τετρωμένουslain / woundedPerf Mid/Pass Part Gen Masc Sg · τιτρώσκωsubstantival participle (genitive object of ἁπτόμενος: 'the slain')→ perfect participle (settled state of being mortally wounded/dead)τιτρώσκω (perf. pass. part. τετρωμένος): 'wound / pierce'; the perfect passive 'one who has been (fatally) wounded' = the slain; renders חָלָל; touching such a corpse is the defiling contact.
ἁγνισθήσεταιshall purify himselfFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἁγνίζωmain verb (the purification requirement)→ predictive/prescriptive future passive (shall be purified)ἁγνίζω (fut. pass. ἁγνισθήσεται): 'purify / cleanse ritually'; renders חָטָא (Hithpael, 'purify oneself'); the technical term for the water-of-separation rite (Num 19); the future has prescriptive force ('is to purify himself'); the ἁγν- root dominates the purification section (vv.19–24).
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time (when: 'on the third day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; dative of point of time; the third and seventh days are the fixed sprinkling-days of the purification rite (Num 19:12, 19).
τῇtheDativearticle (with τρίτῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίτῃthirdDativeordinal adjective (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceτρίτος: 'third'; the first sprinkling-day of the corpse-purification (Num 19:12).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time ('on the seventh day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the second sprinkling-day completing the cleansing.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἑβδόμῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμῃseventhDativeordinal adjective (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceἕβδομος: 'seventh'; the day on which the purification is completed and clothes are washed (v.24; Num 19:19).
ὑμεῖςyouNominativesubject in apposition (resuming the warriors)→ participant referenceσύ: the resumptive 'you' extends the obligation explicitly to the soldiers themselves.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
theNominativearticle (with αἰχμαλωσία)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαcaptivity / captivesNominativesubject in apposition (the captives also purified)→ participant prominenceαἰχμαλωσία: 'body of captives'; the spared virgins, equally subject to the purification before entering the camp; the contagion of corpse-defilement extends to the captured persons too.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying αἰχμαλωσία)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. pl. ὑμῶν): 'your captives' — the captives belonging to the warriors.
20

καὶ πᾶν περίβλημα καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος δερμάτινον καὶ πᾶσαν ἐργασίαν ἐξ αἰγείας καὶ πᾶν σκεῦος ξύλινον ἀφαγνιεῖτε

And every garment and every vessel of leather and every work of goats' hair and every wooden vessel you shall purge.

Purification of perishable spoil (garments, leather, hair-work, wood)καὶ πᾶν περίβλημα
The purification extends to the materials: garments, leather goods, goats'-hair work, and wooden vessels must be purged (ἀφαγνιεῖτε). These porous, perishable items — unlike the metals of vv.22–23 — are cleansed by water alone, distinguishing the two purification methods of the section.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeadjective (modifying περίβλημα)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every'; totalizing over the garments.
περίβλημαgarment / coveringAccusativedirect object of ἀφαγνιεῖτε→ object specificationπερίβλημα: 'wrap / cloak / covering / garment'; renders בֶּגֶד; a cloth article that can absorb defilement and must be purified by washing.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeadjective (modifying σκεῦος)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every'; totalizing over leather goods.
σκεῦοςvessel / articleAccusativedirect object of ἀφαγνιεῖτε→ object specificationσκεῦος: 'vessel / implement / article'; renders כְּלִי; here qualified as 'of leather.'
δερμάτινονof leatherAccusativeattributive adjective (material: modifying σκεῦος)→ object specificationδερμάτινος: 'made of skin/leather'; renders עוֹר; leather articles, porous and absorbent, require water-purification.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶσανeveryAccusativeadjective (modifying ἐργασίαν)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every'; totalizing over the hair-work.
ἐργασίανwork / manufactureAccusativedirect object of ἀφαγνιεῖτε→ object specificationἐργασία: 'work / workmanship / manufactured article'; here 'work of goats' hair' — woven or felted goats'-hair items (tent-cloth, sacking); renders מַעֲשֵׂה עִזִּים.
ἐξof / frompreposition + genitive (material: 'of goats' hair')→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (material: 'of goats' hair').
αἰγείαςgoats' hairGenitivegenitive of material (the substance of the ἐργασία)→ relational specificationαἴγειος: 'of a goat / goats' (hair)'; the feminine substantive αἰγεία (sc. θρίξ, 'goat-hair') denotes goats'-hair cloth; renders עִזִּים; such fibrous material is purified by water.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeadjective (modifying σκεῦος)→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every'; totalizing over wooden vessels.
σκεῦοςvesselAccusativedirect object of ἀφαγνιεῖτε→ object specificationσκεῦος: 'vessel / implement'; here qualified as 'wooden.'
ξύλινονwoodenAccusativeattributive adjective (material: modifying σκεῦος)→ object specificationξύλινος: 'made of wood'; renders עֵץ; wooden vessels, being porous, are cleansed by water rather than fire (contrast the metals of vv.22–23).
ἀφαγνιεῖτεyou shall purgeFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀφαγνίζωmain verb (the purification command for materials)→ prescriptive future (you are to purify)ἀφαγνίζω: 'purify / cleanse thoroughly'; intensive compound of ἁγνίζω (ἀφ- < ἀπό); renders תְּחַטְּאוּ (Num 19:19); the future has imperatival/prescriptive force; the verb commands the ritual purgation of all the porous spoil.
21

καὶ εἶπεν Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς πρὸς τοὺς ἄνδρας τῆς δυνάμεως τοὺς ἐρχομένους ἐκ τῆς παρατάξεως τοῦ πολέμου τοῦτο τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου ὃ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ

And Eleazar the priest said to the men of the host who were coming from the battle-line of the war, 'This is the ordinance of the law which the LORD commanded Moses:'

Eleazar promulgates the priestly purification statuteκαὶ εἶπεν Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεύς
Eleazar, in his priestly office, formally promulgates the τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου ('the ordinance of the law') governing the metal spoil. That the priest, not Moses, declares this ritual statute underscores its cultic character; the citation-formula ὃ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ grounds it in prior divine revelation.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω: introduces Eleazar's priestly declaration of the purification law.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarsubject (indeclinable proper noun)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: indeclinable; the high priest, here exercising his teaching/halakhic office (cf. Lev 10:11; Deut 33:10).
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ (title)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; the title emphasizes that it is the priestly authority that promulgates the ritual statute on metals.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (addressees)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (addressees).
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with ἄνδρας)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδραςmenAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the warriors)→ object specificationἀνήρ: 'man / warrior'; the soldiers of the host, addressed concerning the cleansing of their spoil.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with δυνάμεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςhostGenitivegenitive (whose men: 'of the host')→ relational specificationδύναμις: 'army / host' (rendering צָבָא); the fighting force, as in vv.6, 14.
τοὺςwhoAccusativearticle (with the participle ἐρχομένους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐρχομένουςcomingPres Mid Part Acc Masc Pl · ἔρχομαιattributive participle (describing the returning warriors)→ present participle (action in progress: 'as they came')ἔρχομαι: 'come'; the present participle (deponent) repeats the phrasing of v.14, describing the men in the act of returning from the battlefront.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with παρατάξεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρατάξεωςbattle-lineGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ→ relational specificationπαράταξις: 'battle-line / engagement'; as in v.14, the front from which the soldiers return.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with πολέμου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολέμουwarGenitivegenitive of description (modifying παρατάξεως)→ relational specificationπόλεμος: 'war'; 'the battle-line of the war,' the Midian campaign.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of the nominal sentence)→ participant referenceοὗτος: 'this'; the neuter τοῦτο introduces the cited statute — 'this is the ordinance...'
τὸtheNominativearticle (with δικαίωμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίωμαordinance / statuteNominativepredicate nominative ('this is the ordinance')→ participant prominenceδικαίωμα: 'ordinance / regulation / requirement'; renders חֻקַּת (חֹק, 'statute'); the LXX uses δικαίωμα for permanent cultic-legal prescriptions; the phrase δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου = 'the statutory requirement of the law.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with νόμου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμουlawGenitivegenitive of source/description ('of the law')→ relational specificationνόμος: 'law / Torah'; renders תּוֹרָה; the statute belongs to the body of revealed Mosaic law, not an ad hoc ruling.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of συνέταξεν)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; the neuter ὅ refers to δικαίωμα/νόμος, grounding the statute in the LORD's prior command to Moses.
συνέταξενcommanded / ordainedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of relative clause (the divine ordaining)→ constative aorist (the prior command)συντάσσω: 'arrange / order / command'; renders צִוָּה; the LXX's frequent verb for divine ordinance (cf. vv.31, 41, 47); grounds Eleazar's ruling in the authority of YHWH's command to Moses.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the ultimate authority behind the purification statute.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of συνέταξεν→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the recipient of the divine command which Eleazar now applies.
22

πλὴν τοῦ χρυσίου καὶ τοῦ ἀργυρίου καὶ χαλκοῦ καὶ σιδήρου καὶ μολίβου καὶ κασσιτέρου

Only the gold and the silver, and bronze and iron and lead and tin —

Specification of the metals subject to fire-purification (exception clause)πλὴν τοῦ χρυσίου
πλήν ('only / except') introduces the six metals — gold, silver, bronze, iron, lead, tin — singled out for a distinct purification method (fire, v.23), in contrast to the porous materials of v.20. The list is a standard ancient metallurgical inventory; the metals can withstand fire and so are cleansed by it.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
πλὴνonly / exceptadverb/preposition + genitive (exceptive: 'only/except for')→ spatial or relational framingπλήν: 'only / except / nevertheless'; here governing the genitive of the metals, marking them off as a special category from the materials of v.20; renders אַךְ.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with χρυσίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίουgoldGenitivegenitive object of πλήν (first metal)→ relational specificationχρυσίον: 'gold'; renders זָהָב; the most precious metal, heading the list; the gold spoil will later be offered as a memorial (vv.50–54).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἀργυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀργυρίουsilverGenitivegenitive object of πλήν (second metal)→ relational specificationἀργύριον: 'silver'; renders כֶּסֶף; the second of the precious metals.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χαλκοῦbronze / copperGenitivegenitive object of πλήν (third metal)→ relational specificationχαλκός: 'copper / bronze'; renders נְחֹשֶׁת; a base but durable metal, used for vessels and weapons.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σιδήρουironGenitivegenitive object of πλήν (fourth metal)→ relational specificationσίδηρος: 'iron'; renders בַּרְזֶל; the hardest of the listed metals.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μολίβουleadGenitivegenitive object of πλήν (fifth metal)→ relational specificationμόλιβος (μόλυβδος): 'lead'; renders עוֹפֶרֶת; a soft, heavy base metal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κασσιτέρουtinGenitivegenitive object of πλήν (sixth metal)→ relational specificationκασσίτερος: 'tin'; renders בְּדִיל; the sixth metal, completing the standard ancient list (the same six metals appear together in the metallurgical contexts of the ANE); tin was alloyed with copper to make bronze.
23

πᾶν πρᾶγμα ὃ διελεύσεται ἐν πυρί καὶ καθαρισθήσεται ἀλλ᾿ ἢ τῷ ὕδατι τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ ἁγνισθήσεται καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν μὴ διαπορεύηται διὰ πυρός διελεύσεται δι᾿ ὕδατος

every thing that can pass through fire — it shall also be cleansed, but only with the water of purification shall it be purified; and everything that cannot pass through fire shall pass through water.

The dual-purification rule: fire for fire-proof, water for the restπᾶν πρᾶγμα ὃ διελεύσεται ἐν πυρί
The double rule: fire-resistant items (the metals) pass through fire and are then also purified with τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ ('the water of purification'); items that cannot bear fire pass through water alone. The combination of καθαρισθήσεται (καθαρίζω, 'be made clean') and ἁγνισθήσεται (ἁγνίζω, 'be ritually purified') in one verse shows the two purity-roots working in tandem; τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ is the LXX term for the 'water of separation' of Num 19:9.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
πᾶνeveryNominativeadjective (modifying πρᾶγμα)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'every'; totalizing over fire-resistant objects.
πρᾶγμαthing / objectNominativesubject (the fire-proof item)→ participant prominenceπρᾶγμα: 'thing / matter / object'; renders דָּבָר; a general term for any item of the metal spoil capable of withstanding fire.
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject of διελεύσεται)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; defining the class of objects that can pass through fire.
διελεύσεταιshall pass throughFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · διέρχομαιverb of relative clause (capacity to pass through fire)→ potential/gnomic future ('can/will pass through')διέρχομαι: 'go/pass through'; the compound διά- denotes passage through a medium; here passing through fire (smelting/annealing) without being destroyed; renders יָבֹא בָּאֵשׁ ('comes into the fire').
ἐνthrough / inpreposition + dative (medium: 'in/through fire')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (medium: 'in/through fire').
πυρίfireDativedative of medium (the fire passed through)→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: 'fire'; the purifying medium for metals; passing through fire both cleanses and (for the precious metals) refines.
καὶalsoadjunctive conjunction ('also / and then')→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: here adjunctive ('also') — the fire-treated item must additionally be cleansed; the two-stage purification (fire then water).
καθαρισθήσεταιshall be cleansedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · καθαρίζωmain verb (the first cleansing result)→ prescriptive future passive (shall be made clean)καθαρίζω: 'cleanse / make clean / purify'; renders טָהֵר; the general purity-verb (whence καθαρισμός); paired here with ἁγνίζω, it denotes the removal of ritual impurity from the fire-treated metal.
ἀλλ᾿butadversative conjunction (with ἤ: 'but only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλά (ἀλλ᾿ before vowel): 'but'; the combination ἀλλ᾿ ἤ ('but / except / only') restricts the means of purification — fire alone does not suffice; the water of purification is also required.
than / exceptparticle (with ἀλλά: exceptive 'but only')→ discourse linkage or contrastἤ: in the idiom ἀλλ᾿ ἤ, 'but only / except'; a fixed LXX combination (rendering אַךְ / כִּי אִם) limiting the legitimate means to the water of purification.
τῷwith theDativearticle (with ὕδατι)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕδατιwaterDativedative of means (the purifying water)→ sphere or referenceὕδωρ: 'water'; the dative of instrument; τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ ἁγνισμοῦ is the 'water of purification/separation' prepared with the ashes of the red heifer (Num 19:9, 17–18).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with ἁγνισμοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγνισμοῦpurificationGenitivegenitive of description ('water of purification')→ relational specificationἁγνισμός: 'purification / cleansing rite'; cognate with ἁγνίζω; renders נִדָּה ('water of impurity/separation', מֵי נִדָּה) here understood as the water that effects purification; the genitive 'water of purification' names the ritual lustral water of Num 19.
ἁγνισθήσεταιshall be purifiedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἁγνίζωmain verb (the required ritual purification)→ prescriptive future passive (shall be ritually purified)ἁγνίζω: 'purify ritually'; the technical lustration-verb (vv.19–20); the metals, though fire-cleansed, must still undergo the water-of-purification rite — fire removes physical contamination, the lustral water removes ritual defilement.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the complementary rule)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταeverythingNominativesubject (the non-fire-proof items)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all / everything'; the complementary category — items that cannot bear fire.
ὅσαas many asNominativerelative pronoun (correlative: 'whatever')→ participant referenceὅσος: 'as much/many as / whatever'; the correlative relative defines the class of fire-vulnerable objects.
ἐὰνeverconditional particle (generalizing the relative: 'whatever')→ discourse linkage or contrastἐάν: here in the generalizing relative construction ὅσα ἐάν ('whatever'), with the subjunctive; renders אֲשֶׁר ... לֹא.
μὴnotnegative particle (negating διαπορεύηται)→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: the negative proper to the subjunctive; 'whatever does not pass through fire.'
διαπορεύηταιpasses throughPres Mid Subj 3 Sg · διαπορεύομαιverb of generalizing relative clause→ present subjunctive (general condition: 'cannot pass through')διαπορεύομαι: 'pass/go through'; near-synonym of διέρχομαι; the negated subjunctive defines items that cannot endure fire (cloth, wood, leather) — these are cleansed by water alone.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (medium: 'through fire')→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (medium: 'through fire').
πυρόςfireGenitivegenitive object of διά (the medium not endured)→ relational specificationπῦρ (gen. πυρός): 'fire'; the medium that fire-vulnerable items cannot pass through.
διελεύσεταιshall passFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · διέρχομαιmain verb (the alternative purification by water)→ prescriptive future (shall pass through water)διέρχομαι: 'pass through'; here the fire-vulnerable items 'pass through water' instead — i.e., are purified by immersion/washing rather than fire.
δι᾿throughpreposition + genitive (medium: 'through water')→ spatial or relational framingδι᾿: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (medium: 'through water').
ὕδατοςwaterGenitivegenitive object of διά (the purifying medium)→ relational specificationὕδωρ (gen. ὕδατος): 'water'; the alternative purifying medium for objects that cannot endure fire — completing the dual-method rule.
24

καὶ πλυνεῖσθε τὰ ἱμάτια τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ καὶ καθαρισθήσεσθε καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰσελεύσεσθε εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν

And you shall wash your garments on the seventh day, and you shall be clean, and after these things you shall enter into the camp.

Completion of purification and re-admission to the campκαὶ πλυνεῖσθε τὰ ἱμάτια
The purification concludes on the seventh day with the washing of garments (πλυνεῖσθε) and the declaration καθαρισθήσεσθε ('you shall be clean'); only μετὰ ταῦτα ('after these things') may the warriors re-enter the camp. The sequence — quarantine, sprinkling, washing, cleanness, re-admission — exactly follows the corpse-purification law of Num 19:19.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλυνεῖσθεyou shall washFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · πλύνωmain verb (the washing of garments)→ prescriptive future middle (you shall wash [your] garments)πλύνω: 'wash (clothes)'; renders כִּבֵּס; the middle voice ('wash for yourselves / your own garments'); the laundering of clothes on the seventh day is the final act of the corpse-purification (Num 19:19).
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ἱμάτια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱμάτιαgarmentsAccusativedirect object of πλυνεῖσθε→ object specificationἱμάτιον: 'garment / cloak'; renders בֶּגֶד; the soldiers' clothing, washed to complete their cleansing.
τῇon theDativearticle (with ἡμέρᾳ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρᾳdayDativedative of time ('on the seventh day')→ sphere or referenceἡμέρα: 'day'; the seventh day, the culmination of the purification period.
τῇtheDativearticle (with ἑβδόμῃ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑβδόμῃseventhDativeordinal adjective (modifying ἡμέρᾳ)→ sphere or referenceἕβδομος: 'seventh'; the final day of the cleansing, on which washing completes the rite.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καθαρισθήσεσθεyou shall be cleanFut Pass Indic 2 Pl · καθαρίζωmain verb (the declared resultant cleanness)→ resultative future passive (you shall be made clean)καθαρίζω: 'cleanse / make clean'; the passive future declares the achieved ritual cleanness following the washing — the precondition for re-entering the camp.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰafterpreposition + accusative (temporal: 'after these things')→ spatial or relational framingμετά + acc.: 'after'; μετὰ ταῦτα is the standard LXX temporal formula marking narrative/ritual sequence.
ταῦταthese thingsAccusativeaccusative object of μετά (the completed purification)→ object specificationοὗτος: 'these things'; refers to the whole purification process just prescribed — only its completion permits re-entry.
εἰσελεύσεσθεyou shall enterFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (re-admission to the camp)→ predictive/permissive future (you may then enter)εἰσέρχομαι: 'enter / go in'; renders בּוֹא; re-entry into the camp is permitted only after cleansing — the purity of the encampment, where YHWH dwells, is thereby safeguarded.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with παρεμβολήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρεμβολήνcampAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the camp re-entered)→ object specificationπαρεμβολή: 'camp'; the holy encampment, re-entered only after the seven-day purification — closing the purification section (vv.19–24).
25

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

New divine speech-act (opening the spoil-division legislation)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The commissioning formula recurs (as in v.1), opening the second great divine speech of the chapter — the legislation for counting and dividing the plunder (vv.25–30). The repetition structurally marks vv.25–47 as a distinct legal-administrative unit.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aoristλαλέω: as in v.1; the recurrent header introducing a new divine legislative speech — here on the division of spoil.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the divine legislator of the spoil-division statute.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (recipient)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: the recipient of the divine command on the plunder.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Part Nom Masc Sg · λέγωcircumstantial participle (introducing direct speech)→ present participle (speech-marking, rendering לֵאמֹר)λέγω: the formulaic participle rendering לֵאמֹר, introducing the divine command of vv.26ff.
26

λαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον τῶν σκύλων τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους σὺ καὶ Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες τῶν πατριῶν τῆς συναγωγῆς

Take the sum of the spoils of the captivity, from man to beast, you and Eleazar the priest and the heads of the ancestral houses of the congregation,

Command to take the census of the plunderλαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον
Moses, Eleazar, and the patriarchal heads are to take τὸ κεφάλαιον ('the sum / total') of the spoil — a census of both captives and livestock (the merism ἀπὸ ἀνθρώπου ἕως κτήνους). The triad of authorities (lawgiver, priest, clan-heads) ensures the division is conducted with full corporate oversight.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
λαβὲtakeAor Act Impv 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (take the census)λαμβάνω: 'take'; the idiom λαβὲ τὸ κεφάλαιον renders שָׂא אֵת רֹאשׁ ('take the sum/head'), the technical census-formula (cf. Num 1:2; 26:2); here applied to counting the plunder.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κεφάλαιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφάλαιονsum / totalAccusativedirect object of λαβέ (the total to be counted)→ object specificationκεφάλαιον: 'sum / total / chief point'; from κεφαλή ('head'); renders רֹאשׁ in the census idiom; 'take the sum' = make a count of the total spoil.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with σκύλων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκύλωνspoilsGenitivegenitive (the total of what: 'of the spoils')→ relational specificationσκῦλον (gen. pl. σκύλων): 'spoils / plunder'; here in the broad sense covering captives and livestock, qualified by τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with αἰχμαλωσίας)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωσίαςcaptivityGenitivegenitive of description ('spoils of the captivity')→ relational specificationαἰχμαλωσία: 'captivity / body of captives and spoil taken'; here the whole captured booty (persons and animals) of the campaign.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (start of merism)→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: the ἀπό … ἕως merism (as in v.11), 'from man to beast,' encompassing the whole spoil.
ἀνθρώπουmanGenitivegenitive of source (first pole of merism)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man'; first pole — the human captives.
ἕωςtopreposition + genitive (end of merism)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'to / up to'; closing the merism.
κτήνουςbeastGenitivegenitive of end-point (second pole of merism)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: 'beast'; second pole — the livestock; the merism marks the count as total.
σὺyouNominativenominative subject (in apposition to the imperative's subject)→ participant referenceσύ: the emphatic 'you' (Moses), named first of the three census-takers.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarsubject (indeclinable proper noun; second census-taker)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: indeclinable; the high priest, co-overseer of the count and recipient of the priestly tribute (v.29).
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ (title)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; Eleazar's title, marking his cultic authority over the holy portion of the spoil.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄρχοντες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄρχοντεςheads / leadersNominativesubject (third group of census-takers)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'ruler / head / chief'; here the clan-leaders, the third census-authority alongside Moses and Eleazar.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with πατριῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πατριῶνancestral housesGenitivegenitive (whose heads: 'of the fathers' houses')→ relational specificationπατριά: 'ancestral/paternal house, clan'; renders בֵּית אָבוֹת; the 'heads of the fathers' houses' are the recognized clan-leaders of the tribes (cf. Num 1:4; 7:2).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with συναγωγῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitivegenitive (whose ancestral houses: 'of the congregation')→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation / community'; the assembly of Israel whose clan-heads share in overseeing the division.
27

καὶ διελεῖτε τὰ σκῦλα ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν πολεμιστῶν τῶν ἐκπορευομένων εἰς τὴν παράταξιν καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον πάσης συναγωγῆς

and you shall divide the spoils between the warriors who went out to the battle-line and all the congregation.

The principle of equal division between warriors and congregationκαὶ διελεῖτε τὰ σκῦλα
The fundamental rule: the spoil is split ἀνὰ μέσον … καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον ('between … and between') the πολεμισταί (the combatants who 'went out') and the whole congregation. This even split between fighters and non-combatants — the same equity later enshrined by David at 1 Sam 30:24–25 — recognizes both the soldiers' risk and the community's stake; the LXX ἀνὰ μέσον … ἀνὰ μέσον calques the Hebrew בֵּין … וּבֵין.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
διελεῖτεyou shall divideFut Act Indic 2 Pl · διαιρέωmain verb (the dividing command)→ prescriptive future (you are to divide)διαιρέω: 'divide / distribute / apportion'; renders חָצָה ('halve'); the future has imperatival force; the verb governs the equal partition of the spoil.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with σκῦλα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκῦλαspoilsAccusativedirect object of διελεῖτε→ object specificationσκῦλον (pl. σκῦλα): 'spoils / plunder'; here the whole captured booty to be partitioned.
ἀνὰbetweenpreposition (in idiom ἀνὰ μέσον: 'between')→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: in the fixed idiom ἀνὰ μέσον ('in the midst of / between'); the repeated ἀνὰ μέσον … ἀνὰ μέσον calques בֵּין … וּבֵין, expressing a two-way division.
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative in the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον (between)→ object specificationμέσος: 'middle / midst'; the neuter μέσον in ἀνὰ μέσον forms the prepositional idiom 'between.'
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πολεμιστῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμιστῶνwarriorsGenitivegenitive object of ἀνὰ μέσον (first party of the division)→ relational specificationπολεμιστής: 'warrior / man of war'; renders אַנְשֵׁי הַמִּלְחָמָה / הַיֹּצְאִים לַצָּבָא; the combatants who actually went out, the first beneficiaries of the split.
τῶνwhoGenitivearticle (with the participle ἐκπορευομένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπορευομένωνgoing outPres Mid Part Gen Masc Pl · ἐκπορεύομαιattributive participle (describing the warriors who marched out)→ present participle (characterizing action: those who go out to war)ἐκπορεύομαι: 'go out / march out'; the participle (deponent) characterizes the πολεμισταί as 'the ones who go out to the battle-line' — military idiom for active combatants; cf. the perfect participle in v.28.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal: 'to the battle-line')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal: 'to the battle-line').
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with παράταξιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παράταξινbattle-lineAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the combat the warriors went out to)→ object specificationπαράταξις: 'battle-line / engagement'; the front to which the warriors marched, defining them as the active combatants.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (joining the two parties)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνὰbetweenpreposition (second ἀνὰ μέσον: 'and between')→ spatial or relational framingἀνά: the second member of the ἀνὰ μέσον … ἀνὰ μέσον construction, completing the two-way split.
μέσονmidstAccusativeaccusative in the idiom ἀνὰ μέσον→ object specificationμέσος: as above; the second 'between' marks the congregation's share.
πάσηςallGenitiveadjective (modifying συναγωγῆς)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all / whole'; 'all the congregation' — the non-combatant community as the second beneficiary.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitivegenitive object of ἀνὰ μέσον (second party of the division)→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation'; the whole community, which receives an equal half despite not fighting — the equity principle of holy-war spoil-sharing.
28

καὶ ἀφελεῖτε τέλος κυρίῳ παρὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τῶν πολεμιστῶν τῶν ἐκπεπορευμένων εἰς τὴν παράταξιν μίαν ψυχὴν ἀπὸ πεντακοσίων ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κτηνῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν βοῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν αἰγῶν

And you shall set apart a tribute for the LORD from the warriors who went out to the battle-line: one soul out of five hundred, from the people and from the livestock and from the oxen and from the sheep and from the goats.

The LORD's tribute from the warriors' half (one in five hundred)καὶ ἀφελεῖτε τέλος κυρίῳ
From the warriors' half a τέλος ('levy / tribute') is set apart for YHWH — one in five hundred of persons and of each kind of animal — given to Eleazar (v.29) as ἀπαρχαί ('firstfruits'). The rate (1/500) on the soldiers' portion is far lighter than the 1/50 on the congregation's (v.30), reflecting the soldiers' greater hardship; the fivefold animal enumeration (livestock, oxen, sheep, goats) ensures the tribute touches every category.
Word-by-word analysis· 37 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀφελεῖτεyou shall set apartFut Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀφαιρέωmain verb (the levy of tribute)→ prescriptive future (you are to remove/set apart)ἀφαιρέω: 'take away / remove / set apart'; renders הֵרִים ('lift off as a contribution'); the verb for separating out a sacred levy; cognate with ἀφαίρεμα ('that which is set apart, the heave-offering', vv.29, 41, 52).
τέλοςtribute / levyAccusativedirect object of ἀφελεῖτε (the tax for YHWH)→ object specificationτέλος: here 'tax / tribute / levy' (a sense distinct from 'end'); renders מֶכֶס ('tribute, tax'); the portion of the spoil rendered to YHWH; the term recurs at vv.37–41.
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of advantage (the recipient of the tribute)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the tribute belongs to YHWH, administered through Eleazar the priest (v.29).
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the warriors')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from'; the tribute is levied specifically from the warriors' half.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀνθρώπων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνmenGenitivegenitive object of παρά (the warriors)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man'; here the soldiers from whose share the levy is taken.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πολεμιστῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμιστῶνwarriorsGenitivegenitive in apposition to ἀνθρώπων (specifying: the combatants)→ relational specificationπολεμιστής: 'warrior'; identifying the 'men' as the combatants who went out, as in v.27.
τῶνwhoGenitivearticle (with the participle ἐκπεπορευμένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπεπορευμένωνwho had gone outPerf Mid Part Gen Masc Pl · ἐκπορεύομαιattributive participle (the warriors who had marched out)→ perfect participle (completed action with abiding result: 'having gone out')ἐκπορεύομαι (perf. part. ἐκπεπορευμένων): 'go out'; the perfect (vs. the present in v.27) views the campaign as accomplished — 'those who have gone out (and returned)' to the battle-line.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with παράταξιν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παράταξινbattle-lineAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς→ object specificationπαράταξις: 'battle-line'; the combat the warriors had gone out to.
μίανoneAccusativenumeral (modifying ψυχήν: 'one soul')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine μίαν agrees with ψυχήν; sets the tribute-rate at one unit.
ψυχὴνsoul / individualAccusativeaccusative in apposition to τέλος (the unit of tribute)→ object specificationψυχή: 'soul / living being / individual'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; here 'one soul/head' as the unit of the levy, applicable to both human and animal counts.
ἀπὸout ofpreposition + genitive (ratio: 'out of five hundred')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό: here expressing the ratio, 'one out of five hundred.'
πεντακοσίωνfive hundredGenitivegenitive (the base of the ratio: 1 per 500)→ relational specificationπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; the levy-rate on the warriors' half is one in five hundred — a light tribute reflecting the soldiers' burden.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category: 'from the people')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category: 'from the people').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀνθρώπων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνpeopleGenitivegenitive (first category levied: humans)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man / person'; the human captives, the first category from which the 1/500 is taken.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with κτηνῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτηνῶνlivestockGenitivegenitive (second category: livestock generally)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: 'livestock / beast'; the general category of domestic animals, here heading the specific animal types that follow.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with βοῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοῶνoxenGenitivegenitive (third category: cattle)→ relational specificationβοῦς (gen. pl. βοῶν): 'ox / cow / cattle'; renders בָּקָר; the bovine herds, one of the enumerated categories.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with προβάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προβάτωνsheepGenitivegenitive (fourth category: sheep)→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; renders צֹאן; the flocks, the largest category of spoil (675,000, v.32).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with αἰγῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰγῶνgoatsGenitivegenitive (fifth category: goats)→ relational specificationαἴξ (gen. pl. αἰγῶν): 'goat'; the goats complete the fivefold enumeration of the categories subject to the tribute.
29

καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους αὐτῶν λήμψεσθε καὶ δώσεις Ελεαζαρ τῷ ἱερεῖ τὰς ἀπαρχὰς κυρίου

From their half you shall take it, and you shall give to Eleazar the priest the firstfruits of the LORD.

Disposition of the warriors' tribute: given to Eleazar as firstfruitsκαὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους αὐτῶν λήμψεσθε
The 1/500 levy from the warriors' half is to be given to Eleazar the priest as τὰς ἀπαρχὰς κυρίου ('the firstfruits of the LORD') — the priestly portion. The shift from plural λήμψεσθε ('you [pl.] shall take') to singular δώσεις ('you [sg., Moses] shall give') focuses the act of presentation on Moses personally.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from their half')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from their half').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμίσους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσουςhalfGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the warriors' portion)→ relational specificationἥμισυς: 'half'; renders מַחֲצִית; the warriors' half of the spoil, from which the priestly tribute is taken.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the warriors')→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'; referring to the warriors of v.28.
λήμψεσθεyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the levy; plural address)→ prescriptive future middle (you [pl.] are to take)λαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψεσθε): 'take / receive'; the plural addresses the census-takers (Moses, Eleazar, leaders) collectively; the Koine future stem λημψ- (with intrusive μ) is standard in the LXX.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειςyou shall giveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (presentation of the tribute; singular address)→ prescriptive future (you [sg., Moses] are to give)δίδωμι: 'give'; the shift to singular δώσεις directs the act of handing over the priestly portion to Moses specifically, as the one who presents the firstfruits to Eleazar.
Ελεαζαρto Eleazarindeclinable proper noun (dative recipient)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: indeclinable; here the dative recipient (case shown by the following τῷ ἱερεῖ) of the priestly firstfruits.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἱερεῖ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖpriestDativedative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ (recipient: 'the priest')→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς (dat. ἱερεῖ): 'priest'; Eleazar receives the tribute in his priestly capacity — the levy belongs to the priesthood as YHWH's representatives.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with ἀπαρχάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαρχὰςfirstfruitsAccusativedirect object of δώσεις (the priestly portion)→ object specificationἀπαρχή: 'firstfruits / first portion / dedicated offering'; renders תְּרוּמָה ('heave-offering, contribution'); the levy is conceptualized as 'firstfruits of the LORD,' a sacred contribution belonging to the priesthood.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (whose firstfruits)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; 'the firstfruits of the LORD' — the portion that belongs to YHWH and is administered by his priest.
30

καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους τοῦ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ λήμψῃ ἕνα ἀπὸ τῶν πεντήκοντα ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν βοῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ὄνων καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν κτηνῶν καὶ δώσεις αὐτὰ τοῖς Λευίταις τοῖς φυλάσσουσιν τὰς φυλακὰς ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ κυρίου

And from the half belonging to the sons of Israel you shall take one out of fifty, from the people and from the oxen and from the sheep and from the donkeys and from all the livestock, and you shall give them to the Levites who keep the charges in the tent of the LORD.

The Levites' tribute from the congregation's half (one in fifty)καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμίσους τοῦ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ
From the congregation's half, a heavier levy — one in fifty — is taken and given to the Levites who 'keep the charges' (φυλάσσουσιν τὰς φυλακάς) of the tent. The asymmetry (1/500 from the soldiers vs. 1/50 from the people) recognizes that the non-combatants bore none of the battle's hardship, so render a tenfold greater tribute; the Levites, not the priests, are the beneficiaries of the congregation's portion.
Word-by-word analysis· 46 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: the congregation's half)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: the congregation's half).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμίσους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσουςhalfGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the congregation's portion)→ relational specificationἥμισυς: 'half'; here the congregation's half, distinguished by the following articular genitive.
τοῦthe (belonging to)Genitivearticle (genitive of possession: 'that of the sons of Israel')→ noun-phrase markingὁ, ἡ, τό: the article τοῦ here is possessive ('the [half] of the sons of Israel'), a Greek idiom for genitive possession.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession (whose half: the congregation's)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; 'the sons of Israel' = the whole congregation, whose half is now taxed for the Levites.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive complement of υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
λήμψῃyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (taking the Levitical levy; singular address)→ prescriptive future middle (you [sg., Moses] are to take)λαμβάνω (fut. mid. 2 sg. λήμψῃ): 'take'; the singular addresses Moses directly as the one to extract the congregation's tribute.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (direct object: 'one [in fifty]')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the masculine accusative ἕνα ('one') sets the levy-rate unit; here one in fifty.
ἀπὸout ofpreposition + genitive (ratio: 'out of fifty')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (ratio: 'out of fifty').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πεντήκοντα)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftyGenitivenumeral (the base of the ratio: 1 per 50)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; indeclinable; the levy-rate on the congregation's half is one in fifty — tenfold the warriors' rate of one in five hundred.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀνθρώπων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνpeopleGenitivegenitive (first category: humans)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'person'; the human captives in the congregation's half.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with βοῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βοῶνoxenGenitivegenitive (second category: cattle)→ relational specificationβοῦς: 'ox / cattle'; the bovine category.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with προβάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προβάτωνsheepGenitivegenitive (third category: sheep)→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; the flocks.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ὄνων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνωνdonkeysGenitivegenitive (fourth category: donkeys)→ relational specificationὄνος: 'donkey / ass'; renders חֲמוֹר; included in the congregation's levy-categories (the donkeys are itemized at v.34: 61,000).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (summarizing category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (summarizing category).
πάντωνallGenitiveadjective (modifying κτηνῶν)→ relational specificationπᾶς: 'all'; the summarizing 'all the livestock' embraces any category not separately named.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with κτηνῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτηνῶνlivestockGenitivegenitive (summarizing category: all animals)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: 'livestock'; the summary category, ensuring the levy covers every kind of animal.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειςyou shall giveFut Act Indic 2 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (presentation to the Levites)→ prescriptive future (you are to give)δίδωμι: 'give'; Moses is to hand the congregation's levy to the Levites — paralleling δώσεις to Eleazar (v.29), but the Levites, not the priest, receive the people's portion.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of δώσεις (the levied items)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. neut. pl. αὐτά): 'them' — the levied persons and animals given to the Levites.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with Λευίταις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative indirect object (the recipients)→ sphere or referenceΛευίτης: 'Levite'; renders לֵוִי; the tribe charged with the service and guardianship of the sanctuary (Num 3–4; 18); recipients of the congregation's tribute, as the priests are of the warriors'.
τοῖςwhoDativearticle (with the participle φυλάσσουσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάσσουσινkeepingPres Act Part Dat Masc Pl · φυλάσσωattributive participle (describing the Levites' duty)→ present participle (ongoing duty: those who keep guard)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep / watch over'; the participle τοῖς φυλάσσουσιν τὰς φυλακάς ('those keeping the watches/charges') is a Hebraizing cognate construction (שֹׁמְרֵי מִשְׁמֶרֶת) for the Levitical guardianship of the tabernacle (Num 1:53; 3:7–8).
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φυλακάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακὰςcharges / watchesAccusativecognate accusative (object of φυλάσσουσιν)→ object specificationφυλακή: 'watch / guard-duty / charge'; the cognate accusative φυλάσσειν τὰς φυλακάς ('keep the charges') renders שָׁמַר מִשְׁמֶרֶת, the technical phrase for the Levites' custodial service of the sanctuary.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative: 'in the tent')→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative: 'in the tent').
τῇtheDativearticle (with σκηνῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῇtent / tabernacleDativedative of place (where the Levites serve)→ sphere or referenceσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle / dwelling'; renders מִשְׁכָּן / אֹהֶל; the sanctuary-tent where the Levites perform their guardianship; ἡ σκηνὴ κυρίου = 'the tent of the LORD,' YHWH's dwelling among Israel.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (whose tent)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; 'the tent of the LORD' is YHWH's sanctuary, the focus of the Levites' service.
31

καὶ ἐποίησεν Μωυσῆς καὶ Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ

And Moses and Eleazar the priest did just as the LORD commanded Moses.

Obedience formula: the command carried out (closing the legislative unit)καὶ ἐποίησεν Μωυσῆς
The obedience-formula (ἐποίησεν … καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος) closes the legislative section and opens the execution-narrative of the census (vv.32–47); it is the same refrain as v.7, stressing exact conformity to the divine command.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐποίησενdidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (the act of obedience; singular with compound subject)→ constative aorist (completed compliance)ποιέω: 'do / make'; renders עָשָׂה; the obedience-formula ἐποίησεν … καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος is a fixed Pentateuchal refrain affirming exact execution of the divine command.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (first of compound subject)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (first of compound subject).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarsubject (indeclinable proper noun; second of compound subject)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: indeclinable; co-executor of the spoil-division with Moses.
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ (title)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; Eleazar's title.
καθὰjust ascomparative conjunction (introducing obedience-clause)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; the obedience-formula marker, as in v.7.
συνέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the prior command)συντάσσω: 'command / ordain'; renders צִוָּה; the standard verb grounding the obedience-formula in YHWH's command.
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the commanding authority.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of συνέταξεν→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the recipient of the command now obeyed.
32

καὶ ἐγενήθη τὸ πλεόνασμα τῆς προνομῆς ὃ ἐπρονόμευσαν οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ πολεμισταί ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ πέντε χιλιάδες

And the remainder of the plunder which the men of war had plundered was, of the sheep, six hundred thousand and seventy-five thousand;

The census of the plunder begins: the total of sheepκαὶ ἐγενήθη τὸ πλεόνασμα τῆς προνομῆς
The grand tally opens with the sheep: 675,000 (ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ πέντε χιλιάδες). τὸ πλεόνασμα ('the surplus / remainder') denotes what was left after the soldiers' own consumption (cf. v.53). The vast round numbers belong to the schematic, hyperbolic accounting characteristic of ANE war-records and of Numbers' census-style enumeration.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηwas / amounted toAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (the total came to)→ constative aorist passive (the resulting total)γίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'become / come to be / amount to'; here introducing the numerical total of the spoil — 'the remainder ... was [so many].'
τὸtheNominativearticle (with πλεόνασμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλεόνασμαremainder / surplusNominativesubject of ἐγενήθη→ participant prominenceπλεόνασμα: 'surplus / excess / remainder'; from πλεονάζω ('abound'); here the plunder remaining for division (after the soldiers' immediate use); renders מַלְקוֹחַ ('the booty') in the sense of the net spoil counted.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with προνομῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προνομῆςplunderGenitivegenitive (the remainder of what: 'of the plunder')→ relational specificationπρονομή: 'foraged spoil / booty'; the living plunder (livestock and captives), as in vv.11–12.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἐπρονόμευσαν)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; the neuter ὅ refers to πλεόνασμα/προνομή.
ἐπρονόμευσανhad plunderedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προνομεύωverb of relative clause (the act of plundering)→ constative aorist (the completed plundering)προνομεύω: 'plunder / carry off as booty'; as in v.9; here identifying the spoil as that which the warriors had seized.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄνδρες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject of ἐπρονόμευσαν→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; the soldiers who took the plunder.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with πολεμισταί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμισταίwarriorsNominativenominative in apposition to ἄνδρες ('the men of war')→ participant prominenceπολεμιστής: 'warrior'; 'the men, the warriors' (οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ πολεμισταί) is a Hebraizing double-article construction identifying the plunderers as the combatants.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the sheep')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the sheep').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with προβάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προβάτωνsheepGenitivegenitive of category (the first item counted)→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; the first and largest category of the spoil-census.
ἑξακόσιαιsix hundredNominativenumeral (modifying χιλιάδες: 600 thousands)→ participant prominenceἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; with χιλιάδες = 600,000; the bulk of the sheep-total.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (predicate of ἐγενήθη: the count in thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'a thousand'; the unit of the large counts; ἑξακόσιαι χιλιάδες = 600,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive in the numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 70 thousands)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; indeclinable; with πέντε and χιλιάδες completes the figure 75,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέντεfiveNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 5 thousands)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; with ἑβδομήκοντα and χιλιάδες = 75,000; the total sheep thus 600,000 + 75,000 = 675,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit for 'seventy-five thousand')→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; ἑβδομήκοντα καὶ πέντε χιλιάδες = 75,000, giving the grand sheep-total of 675,000.
33

καὶ βόες δύο καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες

and oxen, seventy-two thousand;

Census continued: the total of cattleκαὶ βόες
The cattle total: 72,000 (δύο καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες). The terse verbless enumeration continues the inventory begun in v.32; the numbers are stylized, conforming to the schematic accounting of the spoil.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βόεςoxenNominativesubject (the cattle counted; verbless clause)→ participant prominenceβοῦς (nom. pl. βόες): 'ox / cattle'; renders בָּקָר; the second category of the census, totaling 72,000.
δύοtwoNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 2 thousands)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; with ἑβδομήκοντα and χιλιάδες = 72,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 70 thousands)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; with δύο and χιλιάδες = 72,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit of the count)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; δύο καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα χιλιάδες = 72,000 cattle.
34

καὶ ὄνοι μία καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες

and donkeys, sixty-one thousand;

Census continued: the total of donkeysκαὶ ὄνοι
The donkey total: 61,000 (μία καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες). The feminine numeral μία agrees with the implied χιλιάς ('one thousand'), a common Greek idiom in compound numbers. The inventory proceeds methodically from sheep to cattle to donkeys.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνοιdonkeysNominativesubject (the donkeys counted; verbless clause)→ participant prominenceὄνος (nom. pl. ὄνοι): 'donkey / ass'; renders חֲמוֹר; the third category, totaling 61,000.
μίαoneNominativenumeral (feminine, agreeing with implied χιλιάς: 1 thousand)→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the feminine μία agrees with the implied χιλιάς ('one thousand'); with ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες = 61,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 60 thousands)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; with μία and χιλιάδες = 61,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit of the count)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; μία καὶ ἑξήκοντα χιλιάδες = 61,000 donkeys.
35

καὶ ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων ἀπὸ τῶν γυναικῶν αἳ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν κοίτην ἀνδρός πᾶσαι ψυχαὶ δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες

and human souls, of the women who had not known the bed of a man, all the souls: thirty-two thousand.

Census continued: the total of human captives (the virgins)καὶ ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων
The human captives — the virgin girls spared per v.18 (αἳ οὐκ ἔγνωσαν κοίτην ἀνδρός) — number 32,000. Their inclusion in the same arithmetic as the livestock reflects the ancient war-spoil categories; the relative clause repeats the virginity criterion of vv.17–18, confirming that only these were kept alive.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχαὶsoulsNominativesubject (the human captives counted)→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / person / living being'; renders נֶפֶשׁ; 'souls of men' = human persons, the captive virgins counted as the fourth category of spoil.
ἀνθρώπωνof men / humanGenitivegenitive of description ('human souls')→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man / human'; the phrase ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων ('human souls/persons') distinguishes the captive people from the animal counts.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the women')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the women').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with γυναικῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γυναικῶνwomenGenitivegenitive (the category: 'of the women')→ relational specificationγυνή: 'woman'; the captive females, here defined by the virginity clause.
αἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of ἔγνωσαν)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; the feminine plural αἵ agrees with γυναικῶν, introducing the virginity criterion.
οὐκnotnegative particle (negating ἔγνωσαν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ (οὐκ): negation of the indicative; marks these women as those who had not known a man — virgins.
ἔγνωσανhad knownAor Act Indic 3 Pl · γινώσκωverb of relative clause (the virginity criterion)→ constative aorist (the prior fact of [not] knowing)γινώσκω: 'know'; the sexual euphemism (cf. vv.17–18); the aorist plural ἔγνωσαν here states the fact summarily — these women had not had sexual relations with a man.
κοίτηνbedAccusativedirect object of ἔγνωσαν (euphemism)→ object specificationκοίτη: 'bed / lying'; the euphemism for sexual relations, as in vv.17–18.
ἀνδρόςof a manGenitivegenitive of relationship (the male partner)→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. ἀνδρός): 'man'; here in the euphemism 'bed of a man' (varying ἄρσενος of vv.17–18); marks the women's virginity.
πᾶσαιallNominativeadjective (modifying ψυχαί: 'all the souls')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the summarizing 'all the souls' introduces the grand total of the captive virgins.
ψυχαὶsoulsNominativenominative in apposition (the total: 'all the souls')→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / person'; recapitulated to introduce the total count.
δύοtwoNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 2 thousands)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; with τριάκοντα and χιλιάδες = 32,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 30 thousands)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; with δύο and χιλιάδες = 32,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit of the count)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; δύο καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 32,000 captive virgins.
36

καὶ ἐγενήθη τὸ ἡμίσευμα ἡ μερὶς τῶν ἐκπεπορευμένων εἰς τὸν πόλεμον ἐκ τοῦ ἀριθμοῦ τῶν προβάτων τριακόσιαι καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακισχίλια καὶ πεντακόσια

And the half — the portion of those who had gone out to the war — was, out of the number of the sheep, three hundred and thirty thousand and seven thousand and five hundred;

The warriors' half of the sheep computed (337,500)καὶ ἐγενήθη τὸ ἡμίσευμα
The warriors' half (τὸ ἡμίσευμα, ἡ μερίς) of the sheep is reckoned at 337,500 — exactly half of the 675,000 total (v.32). The precise halving demonstrates the equity of the division-principle of v.27; the following verses (37–40) compute the priestly tribute from this half.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηwas / amounted toAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (the half amounted to)→ constative aorist passive (the computed total)γίνομαι (aor. pass. ἐγενήθη): 'amount to / come to be'; introducing the computed figure of the warriors' half-share.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ἡμίσευμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσευμαhalfNominativesubject of ἐγενήθη→ participant prominenceἡμίσευμα: 'half / half-portion'; a by-form of ἥμισυς; renders מַחֲצִית; here the warriors' half of the spoil, equal to the congregation's half (v.43).
theNominativearticle (with μερίς)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μερὶςportion / shareNominativenominative in apposition to ἡμίσευμα ('the portion')→ participant prominenceμερίς: 'part / portion / share'; renders חֵלֶק; clarifying ἡμίσευμα as the warriors' allotted share.
τῶνof thoseGenitivearticle (with the participle ἐκπεπορευμένων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκπεπορευμένωνwho had gone outPerf Mid Part Gen Masc Pl · ἐκπορεύομαιsubstantival participle (whose portion: the warriors)→ perfect participle (completed action with abiding result)ἐκπορεύομαι (perf. part.): 'go out'; 'those who had gone out to the war' — the combatants, as in v.28; the perfect marks the campaign as finished.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (goal).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with πόλεμον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλεμονwarAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the war the warriors went to)→ object specificationπόλεμος: 'war'; the campaign the combatants went out to fight.
ἐκout ofpreposition + genitive (source: 'out of the number')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'out of the number').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἀριθμοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀριθμοῦnumberGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (the total from which the half is taken)→ relational specificationἀριθμός: 'number / count'; renders מִסְפָּר; the book's title (Ἀριθμοί / Numbers) derives from this census-vocabulary; here the total count of sheep from which the half is computed.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with προβάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προβάτωνsheepGenitivegenitive of category (the sheep being halved)→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; the category whose half-total is now given.
τριακόσιαιthree hundredNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 300 thousands)→ participant prominenceτριακόσιοι: 'three hundred'; with χιλιάδες = 300,000; the bulk of the warriors' half-share of sheep.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 30 thousands)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; with τριακόσιαι and χιλιάδες = 330,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 330 thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; τριακόσιαι καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 330,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακισχίλιαseven thousandNominativenumeral (7,000)→ participant prominenceἑπτακισχίλιοι: 'seven thousand'; the neuter ἑπτακισχίλια agrees with an implied neuter (πρόβατα); adds 7,000 to the total.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιαfive hundredNominativenumeral (500)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; the neuter πεντακόσια; the final component, giving the warriors' half-share of sheep as 330,000 + 7,000 + 500 = 337,500 (exactly half of 675,000).
37

καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ τέλος κυρίῳ ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων ἑξακόσια ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε

and the tribute for the LORD from the sheep was six hundred seventy-five.

The LORD's tribute from the warriors' sheep (675)καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ τέλος κυρίῳ
The priestly tribute from the warriors' 337,500 sheep is 675 — exactly one in five hundred (337,500 ÷ 500 = 675), confirming the rate set in v.28. The precise arithmetic showcases the meticulous fidelity of the division to the divine prescription.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοwas / amounted toAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (the tribute amounted to)→ constative aorist (the computed tribute)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): 'amount to / come to be'; introducing the figure of the priestly tribute from the sheep.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with τέλος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςtributeNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceτέλος: 'tribute / levy / tax'; as in v.28 (rendering מֶכֶס); the LORD's portion taken from the warriors' half.
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of advantage (the recipient of the tribute)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the tribute belongs to YHWH (administered by Eleazar).
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the sheep')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from the sheep').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with προβάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προβάτωνsheepGenitivegenitive of source (the category levied)→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; the category from which the 1/500 tribute is computed.
ἑξακόσιαsix hundredNominativenumeral (predicate of ἐγένετο: 600)→ participant prominenceἑξακόσιοι: 'six hundred'; the neuter ἑξακόσια (agreeing with implied πρόβατα); the hundreds-component of the tribute.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyNominativenumeral (70)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; the tens-component.
πέντεfiveNominativenumeral (5)→ measure or countπέντε: 'five'; the units-component; ἑξακόσια ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε = 675 = 337,500 ÷ 500, exactly the prescribed one-in-five-hundred.
38

καὶ βόες ἓξ καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ τὸ τέλος κυρίῳ δύο καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα

And the oxen were thirty-six thousand, and the tribute for the LORD was seventy-two.

The warriors' cattle half (36,000) and its tribute (72)καὶ βόες
The warriors' half of the cattle is 36,000 (half of 72,000, v.33), and the tribute 72 — again one in five hundred (36,000 ÷ 500 = 72). The recurring τὸ τέλος κυρίῳ clause itemizes the priestly portion for each category.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βόεςoxenNominativesubject (the cattle half-share; verbless)→ participant prominenceβοῦς (pl. βόες): 'ox / cattle'; the warriors' half of the bovine spoil.
ἓξsixNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 6 thousands)→ participant prominenceἕξ: 'six'; with τριάκοντα and χιλιάδες = 36,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 30 thousands)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; with ἕξ and χιλιάδες = 36,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 36 thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; ἓξ καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 36,000 cattle (half of 72,000).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the tribute)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with τέλος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςtributeNominativesubject (the cattle-tribute; verbless)→ participant prominenceτέλος: 'tribute / levy'; the priestly portion of the cattle.
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; recipient of the tribute.
δύοtwoNominativenumeral (2)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; with ἑβδομήκοντα = 72.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑβδομήκονταseventyNominativenumeral (70)→ measure or countἑβδομήκοντα: 'seventy'; δύο καὶ ἑβδομήκοντα = 72 = 36,000 ÷ 500, the prescribed one-in-five-hundred cattle tribute.
39

καὶ ὄνοι τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι καὶ τὸ τέλος κυρίῳ εἷς καὶ ἑξήκοντα

And the donkeys were thirty thousand and five hundred, and the tribute for the LORD was sixty-one.

The warriors' donkey half (30,500) and its tribute (61)καὶ ὄνοι
The warriors' half of the donkeys is 30,500 (half of 61,000, v.34), and the tribute 61 — once more one in five hundred (30,500 ÷ 500 = 61). The exact divisibility of each total by 500 underscores the schematic, idealized character of the spoil-arithmetic.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὄνοιdonkeysNominativesubject (the donkey half-share; verbless)→ participant prominenceὄνος (pl. ὄνοι): 'donkey'; the warriors' half of the asses.
τριάκονταthirtyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 30 thousands)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; with χιλιάδες = 30,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 30 thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 30,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativenumeral (500)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; the masculine πεντακόσιοι (agreeing with ὄνοι); τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι = 30,500 donkeys (half of 61,000).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the tribute)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with τέλος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςtributeNominativesubject (the donkey-tribute; verbless)→ participant prominenceτέλος: 'tribute / levy'; the priestly portion of the donkeys.
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; recipient of the tribute.
εἷςoneNominativenumeral (1)→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; the masculine εἷς (agreeing with ὄνος); with ἑξήκοντα = 61.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑξήκονταsixtyNominativenumeral (60)→ measure or countἑξήκοντα: 'sixty'; εἷς καὶ ἑξήκοντα = 61 = 30,500 ÷ 500, the prescribed donkey tribute.
40

καὶ ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων ἑκκαίδεκα χιλιάδες καὶ τὸ τέλος αὐτῶν κυρίῳ δύο καὶ τριάκοντα ψυχαί

And the human souls were sixteen thousand, and their tribute for the LORD was thirty-two souls.

The warriors' human half (16,000) and its tribute (32 persons)καὶ ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων
The warriors' half of the captive virgins is 16,000 (half of 32,000, v.35), and the tribute 32 persons — one in five hundred (16,000 ÷ 500 = 32), given to Eleazar (v.41). That human captives were tithed to the sanctuary as the livestock were reflects the herem-spoil framework; these would serve in subordinate sanctuary roles (cf. the later Gibeonites/Nethinim).
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχαὶsoulsNominativesubject (the human half-share; verbless)→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / person'; the warriors' half of the captive virgins.
ἀνθρώπωνof men / humanGenitivegenitive of description ('human souls')→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man / human'; ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων = human persons, the captive women.
ἑκκαίδεκαsixteenNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 16 thousands)→ participant prominenceἑκκαίδεκα (= ἑξκαίδεκα): 'sixteen'; with χιλιάδες = 16,000 (half of 32,000).
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 16 thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; ἑκκαίδεκα χιλιάδες = 16,000 captive virgins.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the tribute)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with τέλος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςtributeNominativesubject (the human-tribute; verbless)→ participant prominenceτέλος: 'tribute / levy'; the portion of the captives set apart for YHWH.
αὐτῶνtheir / of themGenitivepartitive genitive (the tribute 'of them')→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'their'; the tribute taken from the human captives.
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of advantage (recipient)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; recipient of the tribute, here given to Eleazar (v.41).
δύοtwoNominativenumeral (2)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; with τριάκοντα = 32.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyNominativenumeral (30)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; δύο καὶ τριάκοντα = 32 = 16,000 ÷ 500, the prescribed human tribute.
ψυχαίsoulsNominativenominative in apposition (the 32 'souls')→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / person'; 'thirty-two souls' specifies the human tribute as persons, given over to the sanctuary's service.
41

καὶ ἔδωκεν Μωυσῆς τὸ τέλος κυρίῳ τὸ ἀφαίρεμα τοῦ θεοῦ Ελεαζαρ τῷ ἱερεῖ καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ

And Moses gave the tribute for the LORD, the contribution of God, to Eleazar the priest, just as the LORD commanded Moses.

Moses delivers the warriors' tribute to the priest (obedience-formula)καὶ ἔδωκεν Μωυσῆς τὸ τέλος κυρίῳ
Moses delivers the whole tribute from the warriors' half — τὸ ἀφαίρεμα τοῦ θεοῦ ('the contribution of God', the heave-offering) — to Eleazar, closing the priestly-tribute section with the obedience-refrain (καθὰ συνέταξεν κύριος). The term ἀφαίρεμα picks up the verb ἀφελεῖτε of v.28, framing the levy as a sacred set-apart portion.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (Moses delivers the tribute)→ constative aorist (completed delivery)δίδωμι: 'give'; Moses fulfills the command of v.29, handing the priestly tribute to Eleazar.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with τέλος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςtributeAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν→ object specificationτέλος: 'tribute / levy'; the sum of the priestly portions itemized in vv.37–40.
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of advantage (whose tribute)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the tribute belongs to YHWH.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἀφαίρεμα; appositional)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαίρεμαcontribution / heave-offeringAccusativeaccusative in apposition to τέλος ('the contribution')→ object specificationἀφαίρεμα: 'that which is set apart / contribution / heave-offering'; cognate with ἀφαιρέω (v.28); renders תְּרוּמָה; defines the tribute as a sacred portion lifted off for God.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with θεοῦ)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of possession ('contribution of God')→ relational specificationθεός: 'God'; renders אֱלֹהִים; 'the contribution of God' marks the heave-offering as belonging to the deity; the variation θεός / κύριος within one verse is common in the LXX.
Ελεαζαρto Eleazarindeclinable proper noun (dative recipient)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: indeclinable; the priestly recipient (dative shown by the following τῷ ἱερεῖ).
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἱερεῖ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεῖpriestDativedative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ (recipient)→ sphere or referenceἱερεύς (dat. ἱερεῖ): 'priest'; Eleazar receives the heave-offering in his priestly office.
καθὰjust ascomparative conjunction (obedience-formula)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαθά: 'just as'; the obedience-formula marker.
συνέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the prior command)συντάσσω: 'command / ordain'; grounding the act in YHWH's command (vv.29–30).
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the commanding authority.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of συνέταξεν→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the recipient of the command obeyed.
42

ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμισεύματος τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ οὓς διεῖλεν Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν πολεμιστῶν

From the half belonging to the sons of Israel, which Moses divided off from the men of war —

Transition to the congregation's half (heading the second tally)ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμισεύματος τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ
This verse heads the enumeration of the congregation's half — the portion Moses 'divided off' (διεῖλεν, recalling διελεῖτε of v.27) from the warriors' share for the whole community; vv.43–46 itemize it, mirroring the warriors' tally of vv.36–40.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: the congregation's half)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: the congregation's half).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμισεύματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμισεύματοςhalfGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the congregation's portion)→ relational specificationἡμίσευμα: 'half / half-portion'; here the congregation's half, parallel to the warriors' ἡμίσευμα of v.36.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession (whose half: the congregation's)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; 'the sons of Israel' = the whole community, owner of this half.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive complement of υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
οὓςwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of διεῖλεν)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; the masculine plural οὕς (constructio ad sensum, referring to the people/animals of the half) is the object of διεῖλεν.
διεῖλενdivided offAor Act Indic 3 Sg · διαιρέωverb of relative clause (the act of division)→ constative aorist (the completed division)διαιρέω: 'divide / separate / apportion'; as in v.27 (διελεῖτε); here the accomplished act — Moses 'divided off' the congregation's half from the warriors' share.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject of διεῖλεν→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject of διεῖλεν.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source of the division: the warriors)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source of the division: the warriors).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀνδρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρῶνmenGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the warriors)→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. pl. ἀνδρῶν): 'man'; the combatants, from whose total the congregation's half was separated.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πολεμιστῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμιστῶνwarriorsGenitivegenitive in apposition to ἀνδρῶν ('the men of war')→ relational specificationπολεμιστής: 'warrior'; identifying the men as the combatants, as in vv.28, 32.
43

καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ ἡμίσευμα τὸ τῆς συναγωγῆς ἀπὸ τῶν προβάτων τριακόσιαι χιλιάδες καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακισχίλια καὶ πεντακόσια

And the half belonging to the congregation was, of the sheep, three hundred thousand and thirty thousand and seven thousand and five hundred;

The congregation's half of the sheep (337,500) — equal to the warriors'καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ ἡμίσευμα τὸ τῆς συναγωγῆς
The congregation's half of the sheep is 337,500 — identical to the warriors' half (v.36), confirming the perfectly equal split of v.27. The enumeration of the people's half (vv.43–46) parallels the warriors' (vv.36–40) but, since the people's tribute goes to the Levites at a different rate, the per-category Levitical levy is gathered summarily in v.47.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοwas / amounted toAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (the half amounted to)→ constative aorist (the computed total)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): 'amount to'; introducing the figure of the congregation's half-share.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ἡμίσευμα)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσευμαhalfNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceἡμίσευμα: 'half'; the congregation's portion.
τὸthe (belonging to)Nominativearticle (genitive-attributive: 'that of the congregation')→ noun-phrase markingὁ, ἡ, τό: the article τὸ τῆς συναγωγῆς ('the [half] of the congregation') is a possessive-attributive idiom identifying the owner.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with συναγωγῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
συναγωγῆςcongregationGenitivegenitive of possession (whose half)→ relational specificationσυναγωγή: 'congregation'; the whole community, owner of this half.
ἀπὸof / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the sheep')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (partitive: 'of the sheep').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with προβάτων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προβάτωνsheepGenitivegenitive of category (the sheep)→ relational specificationπρόβατον: 'sheep'; the first category of the congregation's half.
τριακόσιαιthree hundredNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 300 thousands)→ participant prominenceτριακόσιοι: 'three hundred'; with χιλιάδες = 300,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 300 thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; τριακόσιαι χιλιάδες = 300,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 30 thousands)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; with χιλιάδες = 30,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 30 thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 30,000; running total 330,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακισχίλιαseven thousandNominativenumeral (7,000)→ participant prominenceἑπτακισχίλιοι: 'seven thousand'; the neuter ἑπτακισχίλια; adds 7,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιαfive hundredNominativenumeral (500)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; the neuter πεντακόσια; total 330,000 + 7,000 + 500 = 337,500, exactly equal to the warriors' half (v.36).
44

καὶ βόες ἓξ καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες

and oxen, thirty-six thousand;

The congregation's cattle half (36,000)καὶ βόες
The congregation's half of the cattle is 36,000 — equal to the warriors' half (v.38). The terse enumeration continues, mirroring the warriors' tally category by category.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (continuing the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βόεςoxenNominativesubject (the cattle half-share; verbless)→ participant prominenceβοῦς (pl. βόες): 'ox / cattle'; the congregation's half of the bovine spoil.
ἓξsixNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 6 thousands)→ participant prominenceἕξ: 'six'; with τριάκοντα and χιλιάδες = 36,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τριάκονταthirtyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 30 thousands)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; with ἕξ and χιλιάδες = 36,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 36 thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; ἓξ καὶ τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 36,000 cattle (equal to the warriors' half).
45

ὄνοι τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι

donkeys, thirty thousand and five hundred;

The congregation's donkey half (30,500)ὄνοι
The congregation's half of the donkeys is 30,500 — equal to the warriors' half (v.39). The verse, lacking even καί, is the tersest of the inventory, the bare juxtaposition of category and number.
Word-by-word analysis· 5 words
ὄνοιdonkeysNominativesubject (the donkey half-share; verbless)→ participant prominenceὄνος (pl. ὄνοι): 'donkey'; the congregation's half of the asses.
τριάκονταthirtyNominativenumeral (with χιλιάδες: 30 thousands)→ measure or countτριάκοντα: 'thirty'; with χιλιάδες = 30,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 30 thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; τριάκοντα χιλιάδες = 30,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντακόσιοιfive hundredNominativenumeral (500)→ participant prominenceπεντακόσιοι: 'five hundred'; the masculine πεντακόσιοι (agreeing with ὄνοι); τριάκοντα χιλιάδες καὶ πεντακόσιοι = 30,500 donkeys (equal to the warriors' half).
46

καὶ ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων ἓξ καὶ δέκα χιλιάδες

and human souls, sixteen thousand.

The congregation's human half (16,000)καὶ ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων
The congregation's half of the captive virgins is 16,000 — equal to the warriors' half (v.40), completing the even split of all four categories. ἓξ καὶ δέκα ('six and ten' = sixteen) is an additive form of the numeral, varying the ἑκκαίδεκα of v.40.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (closing the list)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψυχαὶsoulsNominativesubject (the human half-share; verbless)→ participant prominenceψυχή: 'soul / person'; the congregation's half of the captive virgins.
ἀνθρώπωνof men / humanGenitivegenitive of description ('human souls')→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'man / human'; ψυχαὶ ἀνθρώπων = human persons.
ἓξsixNominativenumeral (with δέκα: 16)→ participant prominenceἕξ: 'six'; with δέκα = sixteen (the additive form ἓξ καὶ δέκα, varying ἑκκαίδεκα of v.40).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive within the numeral)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtenNominativenumeral (with ἕξ: 16)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; ἓξ καὶ δέκα = 16; with χιλιάδες = 16,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 16 thousands)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; ἓξ καὶ δέκα χιλιάδες = 16,000 captive virgins (equal to the warriors' half).
47

καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ ἡμισεύματος τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ τὸ ἓν ἀπὸ τῶν πεντήκοντα ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν κτηνῶν καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτὰ τοῖς Λευίταις τοῖς φυλάσσουσιν τὰς φυλακὰς τῆς σκηνῆς κυρίου ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ

And Moses took from the half belonging to the sons of Israel the one out of fifty, from the people and from the livestock, and gave them to the Levites who keep the charges of the tent of the LORD, in the manner the LORD commanded Moses.

Moses delivers the Levitical levy (obedience-formula closing the division)καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς
Moses extracts the one-in-fifty from the congregation's half — of both people and livestock — and gives it to the Levites, closing the division-narrative with the obedience-formula (ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος). The verse fulfills the command of v.30 and rounds off the meticulous accounting of vv.25–47.
Word-by-word analysis· 39 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Moses extracts the Levitical levy)→ constative aorist (completed extraction)λαμβάνω: 'take'; Moses fulfills the command of v.30, taking the 1/50 from the congregation's half.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source: the congregation's half)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: the congregation's half).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ἡμισεύματος)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμισεύματοςhalfGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the congregation's portion)→ relational specificationἡμίσευμα: 'half'; the congregation's half, from which the Levitical levy is taken.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of possession (whose half)→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; 'the sons of Israel' = the congregation, owner of this half.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive complement of υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ἕν)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἓνoneAccusativenumeral (direct object: 'the one [in fifty]')→ measure or countεἷς, μία, ἕν: 'one'; the neuter τὸ ἕν ('the one part') is the unit of the Levitical levy — one in fifty (v.30).
ἀπὸout ofpreposition + genitive (ratio: 'out of fifty')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (ratio: 'out of fifty').
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πεντήκοντα)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεντήκονταfiftyGenitivenumeral (the base of the ratio: 1 per 50)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; the levy-rate on the congregation's half, as commanded in v.30.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀνθρώπων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνθρώπωνpeopleGenitivegenitive (first category: humans)→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: 'person'; the human captives levied for the Levites.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (category)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (category).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with κτηνῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κτηνῶνlivestockGenitivegenitive (second category: animals, summarily)→ relational specificationκτῆνος: 'livestock'; here the summary category covering all the animals of the congregation's half.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκενgaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb (presentation to the Levites)→ constative aorist (completed delivery)δίδωμι: 'give'; Moses delivers the levy to the Levites, fulfilling v.30.
αὐτὰthemAccusativedirect object of ἔδωκεν (the levied items)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. neut. pl. αὐτά): 'them' — the levied persons and animals.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with Λευίταις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΛευίταιςLevitesDativedative indirect object (the recipients)→ sphere or referenceΛευίτης: 'Levite'; the recipients of the congregation's tribute, as in v.30.
τοῖςwhoDativearticle (with the participle φυλάσσουσιν)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλάσσουσινkeepingPres Act Part Dat Masc Pl · φυλάσσωattributive participle (the Levites' guardian duty)→ present participle (ongoing duty)φυλάσσω: 'guard / keep'; repeating the phrase of v.30 (τοῖς φυλάσσουσιν τὰς φυλακάς), the Levitical guardianship of the sanctuary.
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with φυλακάς)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλακὰςchargesAccusativecognate accusative (object of φυλάσσουσιν)→ object specificationφυλακή: 'watch / charge'; the cognate accusative 'keep the charges,' as in v.30; the Levites' custodial service.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with σκηνῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνῆςtent / tabernacleGenitivegenitive (whose charges: 'of the tent')→ relational specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; here in the genitive ('charges of the tent') rather than the locative of v.30 ('in the tent'), a slight syntactic variation; the sanctuary the Levites guard.
κυρίουof the LORDGenitivegenitive of possession (whose tent)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; 'the tent of the LORD,' YHWH's sanctuary.
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (in idiom ὃν τρόπον: 'in the manner that')→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative; in the adverbial idiom ὃν τρόπον ('in the manner which / just as'), a variant of the obedience-formula.
τρόπονmannerAccusativeadverbial accusative (in idiom ὃν τρόπον: 'in the manner that')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'manner / way'; the idiom ὃν τρόπον ('in the way which') renders כַּאֲשֶׁר, equivalent to the καθά obedience-formula of vv.7, 31, 41.
συνέταξενcommandedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (the divine command)→ constative aorist (the prior command)συντάσσω: 'command / ordain'; grounding Moses' act in YHWH's command (v.30).
κύριοςthe LORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the commanding authority.
τῷtoDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesDativedative indirect object of συνέταξεν→ sphere or referenceΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): the recipient of the command obeyed; closes the division-narrative (vv.25–47).
48

καὶ προσῆλθον πρὸς Μωυσῆν πάντες οἱ καθεσταμένοι εἰς τὰς χιλιαρχίας τῆς δυνάμεως χιλίαρχοι καὶ ἑκατόνταρχοι

And there approached Moses all those appointed over the thousands of the host, commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds.

The officers approach Moses (opening the closing freewill-offering episode)καὶ προσῆλθον πρὸς Μωυσῆν
The closing episode (vv.48–54) opens as the officers — those appointed over the thousands, the χιλίαρχοι and ἑκατόνταρχοι — approach Moses; these are the same ranks that occasioned his anger in v.14, now returning with a remarkable report (v.49) and a freewill offering (v.50).
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσῆλθονapproachedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προσέρχομαιmain verb (the officers come to Moses)→ constative aorist (completed approach)προσέρχομαι: 'come/draw near to'; renders קָרַב / נִגַּשׁ; the officers approach Moses formally, as petitioners or representatives.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the one approached)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: the leader approached by the officers.
πάντεςallNominativeadjective (modifying the participle: 'all those appointed')→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the whole officer-corps approaches as one body.
οἱthoseNominativearticle (substantivizing καθεσταμένοι)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθεσταμένοιappointedPerf Mid/Pass Part Nom Masc Pl · καθίστημιsubstantival participle (subject: 'those appointed')→ perfect participle (settled state of appointment)καθίστημι (perf. pass. part. καθεσταμένοι): 'appoint / set in charge'; the perfect denotes the standing office — 'those who have been appointed over the thousands'; renders the Hebrew פְּקֻדִים / שָׂרִים.
εἰςoverpreposition + accusative (sphere of office: 'over the thousands')→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: here marking the sphere of appointment, 'over / in charge of.'
τὰςtheAccusativearticle (with χιλιαρχίας)→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιλιαρχίαςunits of a thousandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the commands held)→ object specificationχιλιαρχία: 'command of a thousand / a regiment of a thousand'; the military units of a thousand over which the χιλίαρχοι were set; renders אַלְפֵי הַצָּבָא.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with δυνάμεως)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωςhostGenitivegenitive (whose thousands: 'of the host')→ relational specificationδύναμις: 'army / host'; the military force, as in vv.6, 14, 21.
χιλίαρχοιcommanders of thousandsNominativenominative in apposition (specifying the ranks)→ participant prominenceχιλίαρχος: 'commander of a thousand'; the senior officers, as in v.14.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑκατόνταρχοιcommanders of hundredsNominativenominative in apposition (specifying the ranks)→ participant prominenceἑκατόνταρχος: 'commander of a hundred / centurion'; the junior officers, as in v.14; the χιλίαρχοι/ἑκατόνταρχοι pairing frames the closing episode.
49

καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς Μωυσῆν οἱ παῖδές σου εἰλήφασιν τὸ κεφάλαιον τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν πολεμιστῶν τῶν παρ᾿ ἡμῶν καὶ οὐ διαπεφώνηκεν ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς

And they said to Moses, 'Your servants have taken the sum of the men of war who are under our command, and not one of them is missing.'

The officers' report: no soldier missing after the battleκαὶ εἶπαν πρὸς Μωυσῆν
The officers report a marvel: after a war in which Israel killed every Midianite male, the five kings, and Balaam, οὐ διαπεφώνηκεν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῶν οὐδὲ εἷς ('not one of them is missing'). The perfect διαπεφώνηκεν ('has gone missing / is unaccounted for') conveys the abiding result: zero Israelite casualties. This providential preservation occasions the atonement-offering of v.50, expressing gratitude and acknowledgment that the victory was YHWH's.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπανsaidAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λέγωmain verb (speech-introduction)→ constative aoristλέγω (aor. 3 pl. εἶπαν): the Koine/LXX alpha-aorist form (vs. classical εἶπον); introduces the officers' report.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (addressee)→ object specificationΜωυσῆς: the one addressed.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with παῖδες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παῖδέςservantsNominativesubject (the officers, self-designated)→ participant prominenceπαῖς: 'servant / slave / child'; here 'your servants' (οἱ παῖδές σου), a deferential self-reference of the officers before Moses; renders עֲבָדֶיךָ.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (modifying παῖδες)→ relational specificationσύ (gen. σου): 'your'; the deferential 'your servants' addressed to Moses.
εἰλήφασινhave takenPerf Act Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (the muster/count taken)→ perfect (completed act with abiding relevance: 'have made the count')λαμβάνω (perf. εἰλήφασιν): 'take'; here in the census-idiom 'taken the sum' (λαμβάνω τὸ κεφάλαιον, as in v.26); the perfect signals a completed and verified count.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with κεφάλαιον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφάλαιονsum / musterAccusativedirect object of εἰλήφασιν (the count of the troops)→ object specificationκεφάλαιον: 'sum / total / muster-count'; as in v.26; here the headcount of the soldiers, by which it was confirmed that none was lost.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with ἀνδρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρῶνmenGenitivegenitive (whose sum: 'of the men')→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. pl. ἀνδρῶν): 'man'; the soldiers counted.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with πολεμιστῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμιστῶνwarriorsGenitivegenitive in apposition to ἀνδρῶν ('the men of war')→ relational specificationπολεμιστής: 'warrior'; identifying the men as the combatants.
τῶνwho areGenitivearticle (substantivizing the prepositional phrase παρ᾿ ἡμῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παρ᾿under / withpreposition + genitive (sphere: 'under our charge')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά (παρ᾿) + gen.: 'from / on the side of'; the idiom τῶν παρ᾿ ἡμῶν ('those under us / in our charge') designates the troops belonging to the officers' commands.
ἡμῶνusGenitivegenitive object of παρά (the officers)→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. pl. ἡμῶν): 'us'; the officers, under whose command the soldiers served.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (introducing the marvel)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotnegative particle (negating διαπεφώνηκεν)→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: negation; with οὐδὲ εἷς forms an emphatic double negative — 'not even one is missing.'
διαπεφώνηκενis missingPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · διαφωνέωmain verb (the report of no losses)→ perfect (abiding result: none has gone missing)διαφωνέω: lit. 'sound discordantly / be at variance'; in the LXX idiomatically 'be missing / lacking / fail to answer the roll-call' (cf. Josh 23:14; 1 Kgdms 30:19); the perfect διαπεφώνηκεν stresses the settled fact that not a single soldier is unaccounted for.
ἀπ᾿of / frompreposition + genitive (partitive: 'of them')→ spatial or relational framingἀπό (ἀπ᾿): partitive 'from among.'
αὐτῶνthemGenitivepartitive genitive (object of ἀπό)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'them' — the soldiers; 'not one of them.'
οὐδὲnot evennegative adverb (intensifying: 'not even')→ clausal contributionοὐδέ: 'not even / nor'; with εἷς forms the emphatic 'not even one.'
εἷςoneNominativenumeral (subject of διαπεφώνηκεν: 'not one')→ measure or countεἷς: 'one'; οὐδὲ εἷς ('not even one') is the emphatic climax — the total, miraculous preservation of the Israelite host (cf. the absolute οὐδὲ εἷς, whence οὐδείς).
50

καὶ προσενηνόχαμεν τὸ δῶρον κυρίῳ ἀνὴρ ὃ εὗρεν σκεῦος χρυσοῦν χλιδῶνα καὶ ψέλιον καὶ δακτύλιον καὶ περιδέξιον καὶ ἐμπλόκιον ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ἡμῶν ἔναντι κυρίου

And we have brought a gift to the LORD — each man what he found, a golden article, an armlet and a bracelet and a ring and a wristband and a hair-clasp — to make atonement for ourselves before the LORD.

The freewill gold offering for atonementκαὶ προσενηνόχαμεν τὸ δῶρον κυρίῳ
In thanksgiving for their preservation, the officers bring the gold ornaments each soldier found — armlets, bracelets, rings, wristbands, hair-clasps — as a δῶρον ('gift') ἐξιλάσασθαι περὶ ἡμῶν ('to make atonement for ourselves'). The atonement-language (ἐξιλάσκομαι) suggests both gratitude and a sense of needing expiation, perhaps for the bloodshed or for taking the census (cf. the ransom-money of Exod 30:12–16); the gold becomes a memorial (v.54).
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προσενηνόχαμενwe have broughtPerf Act Indic 1 Pl · προσφέρωmain verb (the presentation of the offering)→ perfect (completed act of bringing, with present relevance)προσφέρω (perf. προσενηνόχαμεν): 'bring to / offer / present'; the standard cultic verb for presenting an offering (renders הִקְרִיב); the perfect marks the offering as already brought and standing before YHWH.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with δῶρον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δῶρονgift / offeringAccusativedirect object of προσενηνόχαμεν→ object specificationδῶρον: 'gift / offering'; renders קָרְבָּן / מִנְחָה; here the gold ornaments presented as a thank/atonement-offering to YHWH.
κυρίῳto the LORDDativedative indirect object (the recipient of the gift)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; recipient of the freewill offering.
ἀνὴρeach manNominativedistributive subject ('each man [brought] what he found')→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; here distributive ('each man'), rendering אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר ('whoever'); the offering is the aggregate of what each individual soldier found.
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εὗρεν: 'what he found')→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; 'what(ever) he found' — the gold each man recovered from the spoil.
εὗρενfoundAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὑρίσκωverb of relative clause (the finding of the gold)→ constative aorist (the act of finding)εὑρίσκω: 'find / come upon'; renders מָצָא; each soldier's discovered gold ornaments form his contribution.
σκεῦοςarticle / vesselAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ὅ (the found object)→ object specificationσκεῦος: 'article / object / vessel'; here a piece of gold jewelry/ornament; the generic term heading the specific items that follow.
χρυσοῦνgoldenAccusativeattributive adjective (material: modifying σκεῦος)→ object specificationχρυσοῦς: 'golden / of gold'; renders זָהָב; the ornaments are all of gold, the precious metal that becomes the memorial.
χλιδῶναarmletAccusativeaccusative in apposition (specifying the items)→ object specificationχλιδών: 'armlet / arm-band / bangle'; renders אֶצְעָדָה; an ornamental band worn on the arm — the first named item.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψέλιονbraceletAccusativeaccusative in apposition (item)→ object specificationψέλιον: 'bracelet / armlet'; renders צָמִיד; a wrist or arm ornament.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δακτύλιονringAccusativeaccusative in apposition (item)→ object specificationδακτύλιος: 'finger-ring'; renders טַבַּעַת; a signet or ornamental ring.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
περιδέξιονwristband / braceletAccusativeaccusative in apposition (item)→ object specificationπεριδέξιον: 'ornament worn on the right (hand/arm), wristband / armlet'; from περί + δεξιός ('right hand'); renders כּוּמָז in some traditions; a band worn about the wrist or upper arm.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπλόκιονhair-clasp / braid-ornamentAccusativeaccusative in apposition (item)→ object specificationἐμπλόκιον: 'hair-ornament / braid-clasp'; from ἐμπλέκω ('braid in'); a decorative ornament woven into the hair; completes the list of five gold articles.
ἐξιλάσασθαιto make atonementAor Mid Inf · ἐξιλάσκομαιinfinitive of purpose (the aim of the offering)→ aorist infinitive (purpose: to effect atonement)ἐξιλάσκομαι: 'make atonement / propitiate / expiate'; renders כִּפֵּר (Piel, 'cover, atone'); the LXX's standard atonement-verb (cf. Lev 4–16); here the gold-offering is brought 'to make atonement for ourselves before the LORD,' echoing the census-ransom of Exod 30:15–16.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (on behalf of: 'for ourselves')→ spatial or relational framingπερί + gen.: 'concerning / for / on behalf of'; the standard construction with ἐξιλάσκομαι for the beneficiary of atonement.
ἡμῶνourselvesGenitivegenitive object of περί (the beneficiaries)→ relational specificationἐγώ (gen. pl. ἡμῶν): 'us'; the soldiers/officers for whom atonement is sought.
ἔναντιbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; the atonement is made 'before the LORD,' i.e., in his sanctuary-presence.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντι→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; before whom the atonement-offering is presented.
51

καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς καὶ Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὸ χρυσίον παρ᾿ αὐτῶν πᾶν σκεῦος εἰργασμένον

And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold from them, every wrought article.

Moses and Eleazar receive the gold offeringκαὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς καὶ Ελεαζαρ
Moses and Eleazar receive the gold — πᾶν σκεῦος εἰργασμένον ('every wrought article'), i.e., finished, crafted ornaments rather than raw bullion. The priest's involvement marks the gift's cultic status as a sacred memorial-offering.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (receiving the gold; singular with compound subject)→ constative aorist (completed receipt)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; Moses and Eleazar receive the gold offering; the singular verb agrees with the first-named subject.
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (first of compound subject)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (first of compound subject).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarsubject (indeclinable proper noun; second of compound subject)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: indeclinable; the high priest, co-receiver of the gold.
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ (title)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; Eleazar's cultic office, marking the offering's sacred reception.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with χρυσίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationχρυσίον: 'gold'; the gold ornaments offered, now received by the leaders.
παρ᾿frompreposition + genitive (source: 'from them')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά (παρ᾿) + gen.: 'from (the side of)'; the gold is received from the officers.
αὐτῶνthemGenitivegenitive object of παρά (the officers)→ relational specificationαὐτός: 'them' — the officers who brought the offering.
πᾶνeveryAccusativeadjective (modifying σκεῦος: 'every article')→ object specificationπᾶς: 'every / all'; the totality of the wrought gold items.
σκεῦοςarticleAccusativeaccusative in apposition to χρυσίον ('every article')→ object specificationσκεῦος: 'article / object'; here the crafted gold ornaments.
εἰργασμένονwrought / craftedPerf Mid/Pass Part Acc Neut Sg · ἐργάζομαιperfect participle (attributive: 'every wrought article')→ perfect participle (resultant state: finished, manufactured)ἐργάζομαι (perf. pass. part. εἰργασμένον): 'work / fashion / craft'; the perfect passive 'wrought / worked' describes the gold as finished ornamental craftsmanship (rendering מַעֲשֵׂה), distinguishing it from raw metal.
52

καὶ ἐγένετο πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον τὸ ἀφαίρεμα ὃ ἀφεῖλον κυρίῳ ἓξ καὶ δέκα χιλιάδες καὶ ἑπτακόσιοι καὶ πεντήκοντα σίκλοι παρὰ τῶν χιλιάρχων καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἑκατοντάρχων

And all the gold, the contribution which they set apart for the LORD, was sixteen thousand seven hundred and fifty shekels, from the commanders of thousands and from the commanders of hundreds.

The total weight of the gold offering (16,750 shekels)καὶ ἐγένετο πᾶν τὸ χρυσίον τὸ ἀφαίρεμα
The gold heave-offering (τὸ ἀφαίρεμα, echoing v.41 and the verb ἀφαιρέω) totals 16,750 shekels, contributed by the officers (χιλίαρχοι and ἑκατόνταρχοι). The precise weight, like the spoil-counts, is recorded with administrative exactness, sealing the chapter's concern with faithful accounting of holy things.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγένετοwas / amounted toAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (the gold amounted to)→ constative aorist (the computed total)γίνομαι (aor. ἐγένετο): 'amount to'; introducing the total weight of the gold offering.
πᾶνallNominativeadjective (modifying χρυσίον)→ participant prominenceπᾶς: 'all'; the whole of the gold offering.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with χρυσίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldNominativesubject of ἐγένετο→ participant prominenceχρυσίον: 'gold'; the total of the offered gold ornaments, here weighed in shekels.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ἀφαίρεμα; appositional)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφαίρεμαcontribution / heave-offeringNominativenominative in apposition to χρυσίον→ participant prominenceἀφαίρεμα: 'that which is set apart / heave-offering'; as in v.41; the gold characterized as a sacred contribution lifted off for YHWH.
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἀφεῖλον)→ participant referenceὅς, ἥ, ὅ: relative pronoun; refers to ἀφαίρεμα/χρυσίον.
ἀφεῖλονthey set apartAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀφαιρέωverb of relative clause (the setting-apart of the offering)→ constative aorist (the completed contribution)ἀφαιρέω: 'set apart / lift off (as a contribution)'; cognate with ἀφαίρεμα; as in v.28; here the act of dedicating the gold to YHWH.
κυρίῳfor the LORDDativedative of advantage (the recipient of the offering)→ sphere or referenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the gold is set apart for YHWH.
ἓξsixNominativenumeral (with δέκα: 16)→ participant prominenceἕξ: 'six'; with δέκα = sixteen; with χιλιάδες = 16,000.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δέκαtenNominativenumeral (with ἕξ: 16)→ measure or countδέκα: 'ten'; ἓξ καὶ δέκα = 16; with χιλιάδες = 16,000.
χιλιάδεςthousandNominativenominative (the unit: 16 thousands of shekels)→ participant prominenceχιλιάς: 'thousand'; ἓξ καὶ δέκα χιλιάδες = 16,000 (shekels).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἑπτακόσιοιseven hundredNominativenumeral (700)→ participant prominenceἑπτακόσιοι: 'seven hundred'; adds 700 to the total.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (additive)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεντήκονταfiftyNominativenumeral (50)→ measure or countπεντήκοντα: 'fifty'; the final component; total 16,000 + 700 + 50 = 16,750 shekels.
σίκλοιshekelsNominativenominative (the unit of weight)→ participant prominenceσίκλος: 'shekel'; a Semitic loanword (שֶׁקֶל) for the standard unit of weight/currency; the gold offering weighs 16,750 shekels — a great sum, the aggregate of the soldiers' ornaments.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from the commanders')→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + gen.: 'from'; the gold came from the officers.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with χιλιάρχων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιλιάρχωνcommanders of thousandsGenitivegenitive object of παρά (source of the gold)→ relational specificationχιλίαρχος: 'commander of a thousand'; the senior officers who contributed the gold.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἑκατοντάρχων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑκατοντάρχωνcommanders of hundredsGenitivegenitive object of παρά (source of the gold)→ relational specificationἑκατόνταρχος: 'commander of a hundred'; the junior officers who, with the χιλίαρχοι, contributed the gold offering.
53

καὶ οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ πολεμισταὶ ἐπρονόμευσαν ἕκαστος ἑαυτῷ

And the men of war had plundered, each man for himself.

Parenthetical note: the rank-and-file kept their own personal plunderκαὶ οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ πολεμισταὶ ἐπρονόμευσαν
A clarifying aside: apart from the officers' gold offering, the ordinary soldiers had plundered ἕκαστος ἑαυτῷ ('each for himself') — i.e., the personal spoil of the rank-and-file was retained and not part of the divided/tributed booty. The note distinguishes the officers' freewill gold from the common soldiers' private gain.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (introducing the parenthetical)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheNominativearticle (with ἄνδρες)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄνδρεςmenNominativesubject of ἐπρονόμευσαν→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: 'man'; here the rank-and-file soldiers (as distinct from the officers of v.52).
οἱtheNominativearticle (with πολεμισταί)→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πολεμισταὶwarriorsNominativenominative in apposition to ἄνδρες ('the men of war')→ participant prominenceπολεμιστής: 'warrior'; the combatants, here the ordinary soldiers who took personal plunder.
ἐπρονόμευσανhad plunderedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · προνομεύωmain verb (the personal plundering)→ constative aorist (the completed personal plundering)προνομεύω: 'plunder / take booty'; as in vv.9, 32; here noting the soldiers' private plunder retained for themselves.
ἕκαστοςeach oneNominativedistributive apposition to the subject ('each man')→ participant prominenceἕκαστος: 'each / every one'; distributive — the plundering was done by each individually for his own benefit.
ἑαυτῷfor himselfDativedative of advantage (reflexive: 'for himself')→ sphere or referenceἑαυτοῦ: reflexive pronoun; the dative ἑαυτῷ ('for himself') marks the soldiers' plunder as personal, retained property, contrasted with the officers' dedicated gold.
54

καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς καὶ Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς τὸ χρυσίον παρὰ τῶν χιλιάρχων καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἑκατοντάρχων καὶ εἰσήνεγκεν αὐτὰ εἰς τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου μνημόσυνον τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ ἔναντι κυρίου

And Moses and Eleazar the priest took the gold from the commanders of thousands and from the commanders of hundreds and brought it into the tent of meeting, a memorial of the sons of Israel before the LORD.

The gold deposited in the tent of meeting as a memorial (chapter's conclusion)καὶ ἔλαβεν Μωυσῆς καὶ Ελεαζαρ
The chapter closes as Moses and Eleazar bring the gold into ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('the tent of meeting/witness') as a μνημόσυνον ('memorial') of the sons of Israel ἔναντι κυρίου. The gold, brought as atonement (v.50), becomes a perpetual reminder before YHWH — of the Midian victory, of Israel's miraculous preservation, and of the people's standing before God. The closing ἔναντι κυρίου frames the whole holy-war narrative as enacted in the divine presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλαβενtookAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (receiving the gold; singular with compound subject)→ constative aorist (completed receipt)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; Moses and Eleazar take the gold to deposit it in the sanctuary (resuming v.51 to narrate its final destination).
ΜωυσῆςMosesNominativesubject (first of compound subject)→ participant prominenceΜωυσῆς: meaning 'Moses'; it serves as subject (first of compound subject).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarsubject (indeclinable proper noun; second of compound subject)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: indeclinable; the high priest, co-depositor of the gold.
theNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ (title)→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; Eleazar's office, fitting for the one who deposits the memorial in the sanctuary.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with χρυσίον)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χρυσίονgoldAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβεν→ object specificationχρυσίον: 'gold'; the 16,750 shekels of offered ornaments.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with χιλιάρχων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χιλιάρχωνcommanders of thousandsGenitivegenitive object of παρά (source)→ relational specificationχιλίαρχος: 'commander of a thousand'; contributors of the gold.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρὰfrompreposition + genitive (source)→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἑκατοντάρχων)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑκατοντάρχωνcommanders of hundredsGenitivegenitive object of παρά (source)→ relational specificationἑκατόνταρχος: 'commander of a hundred'; the junior officers, contributors of the gold.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήνεγκενbrought inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσφέρωmain verb (depositing the gold in the sanctuary)→ constative aorist (completed deposit)εἰσφέρω: 'bring in / carry into'; renders הֵבִיא; the gold is brought into the tent of meeting, where it remains as a perpetual memorial.
αὐτὰthem / itAccusativedirect object of εἰσήνεγκεν (the gold articles)→ participant referenceαὐτός (acc. neut. pl. αὐτά): 'them' — the gold ornaments (neuter plural, agreeing with the collective sense of the σκεύη).
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with σκηνήν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνὴνtentAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the sanctuary entered)→ object specificationσκηνή: 'tent / tabernacle'; here ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου, the tent of meeting/witness.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle (with μαρτυρίου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μαρτυρίουmeeting / witnessGenitivegenitive of description ('tent of witness/meeting')→ relational specificationμαρτύριον: 'testimony / witness'; ἡ σκηνὴ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ('tent of witness') is the LXX's standard rendering of אֹהֶל מוֹעֵד ('tent of meeting'), reading מוֹעֵד ('appointed meeting') via עֵדוּת ('testimony'); the central sanctuary where YHWH meets Israel.
μνημόσυνονmemorialAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the purpose of the gold: 'as a memorial')→ object specificationμνημόσυνον: 'memorial / remembrance'; renders זִכָּרוֹן; the gold serves as a perpetual reminder before YHWH of Israel and of this episode (cf. the atonement-money as 'memorial' at Exod 30:16); the term seals the chapter's close.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive (whose memorial: 'of the sons of Israel')→ relational specificationυἱός: 'son'; the memorial is 'of the sons of Israel' — it keeps the people in remembrance before God.
Ισραηλof Israelindeclinable proper noun (genitive complement of υἱῶν)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: indeclinable; the covenant people, memorialized by the gold.
ἔναντιbeforeimproper preposition + genitive (in the presence of)→ spatial or relational framingἔναντι: 'before / in the presence of'; the closing ἔναντι κυρίου ('before the LORD') situates the memorial — and the whole campaign — in the divine presence, the chapter's final theological frame.
κυρίουthe LORDGenitivegenitive object of ἔναντi (before whom the memorial stands)→ relational specificationκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the gold-memorial abides 'before the LORD' in the sanctuary — the closing word of the chapter, sealing the war of vengeance as an act done in YHWH's sight.