Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Numbers, Chapter 34ΑΡΙΘΜΟΙ ΛΔ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

Numbers 34 is a survey-document: YHWH dictates to Moses the four cardinal boundaries of the land of Canaan that Israel is to inherit ἐν κλήρῳ ('by lot') — the south border running from the wilderness of Zin past Edom and the Salt Sea up by the Ascent of Akrabbim through Kadesh-barnea to the Wadi of Egypt (vv.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text of Numbers 34 follows the standard critical text of the Septuagint as established in the Rahlfs–Hanhart edition (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006), an ancient and public-domain text; the critical apparatus is not reproduced. Numbers 34 is a survey-document: YHWH dictates to Moses the four cardinal boundaries of the land of Canaan that Israel is to inherit ἐν κλήρῳ ('by lot') — the south border running from the wilderness of Zin past Edom and the Salt Sea up by the Ascent of Akrabbim through Kadesh-barnea to the Wadi of Egypt (vv. 3–5); the west border, the Great Sea (v. 6); the north border from the Great Sea by Mount Hor to the entrance of Hamath and Zedad (vv. 7–9); and the east border descending from Shepham past the Sea of Chinnereth (Galilee) down the Jordan to the Salt Sea (vv. 10–12). The geographical vocabulary is dense and largely transliterated: ὅρια ('borders / territory'), κλίτος ('side / flank'), διέξοδος ('outgoing / terminus of a boundary line'), ἀνάβασις ('ascent / pass'), νῶτον θαλάσσης ('the back / shoulder of the sea'), and the four compass-points λίψ (SW/south), βορρᾶς (north), ἀνατολαί (east), and θάλασσα (west, 'sea-ward'). The boundary verbs are characteristically intransitive futures with τὰ ὅρια as subject — κυκλώσει ('it will go around'), παρελεύσεται ('it will pass by'), καταβήσεται ('it will go down'), ἐξελεύσεται ('it will go out') — personifying the border-line as it traces the land. The chapter then recalls that Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh have already taken their Transjordan inheritance (vv. 13–15), and closes with YHWH's appointment of the apportioners: Eleazar the priest, Joshua (Ἰησοῦς) son of Nun, and one ἄρχων ('prince') from each of the ten remaining tribes who are to καταμερίσαι ('divide up') the land (vv. 16–29). The inheritance vocabulary κληρονομία / κλῆρος / κατακληρονομέω saturates the chapter, framing the land as YHWH's covenantal gift apportioned by sacred lot rather than seized by conquest alone (cf. Ezek 47–48; the imperishable inheritance of 1 Pet 1:4).

1

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

New divine speech-act (main narrative opening)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The formula καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the standard LXX introduction to a fresh YHWH-oracle, recurring dozens of times across Numbers; it opens the boundary-dictation that fills the chapter. The Hebraizing participle λέγων ('saying') calques the Hebrew לֵאמֹר and marks the transition into direct speech.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the paratactic narrative conjunction rendering waw-consecutive ו; the default LXX connector chaining successive units of narrative.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak / talk'; renders דִּבֶּר (Piel); the aorist ἐλάλησεν introduces direct YHWH-speech; the formula ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων is the most frequent oracle-introduction in Numbers.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the standard LXX rendering of the Tetragrammaton יהוה; the nominative subject of the speech-formula marks this as unmediated divine speech, here the legal dictation of the land's boundaries.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesobject of πρός (recipient of speech)→ participant identificationΜωυσῆς: transliteration of Hebrew מֹשֶׁה; here the recipient of the boundary-oracle, who will relay it to Israel (v. 13).
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple introducing direct discourse (Hebraism)→ circumstantial present participle (manner: introducing the words spoken)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγων calques the Hebrew infinitive לֵאמֹר ('saying'), a fixed LXX device for opening a quotation; redundant after ἐλάλησεν but standard in oracle-formulae.
2

ἔντειλαι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς ὑμεῖς εἰσπορεύεσθε εἰς τὴν γῆν Χανααν αὕτη ἔσται ὑμῖν εἰς κληρονομίαν γῆ Χανααν σὺν τοῖς ὁρίοις αὐτῆς

Command the sons of Israel, and you shall say to them: You are entering into the land of Canaan; this shall be yours for an inheritance, the land of Canaan with its borders.

Divine commission (content of the oracle: command to relay the land-grant)ἔντειλαι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ
The oracle proper opens with the aorist imperative ἔντειλαι ('command') paired with the future ἐρεῖς ('you shall say'), the standard LXX relay-formula for mediated legislation. The double naming γῆ Χανααν … σὺν τοῖς ὁρίοις αὐτῆς frames the whole chapter: the land is a defined territory with surveyed limits, given εἰς κληρονομίαν ('for an inheritance').
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἔντειλαιcommandAor Mid Impv 2 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (divine imperative to Moses)→ ingressive aorist imperative (commissioned charge)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge / give orders'; renders צִוָּה (Piel); the deponent aorist middle imperative ἔντειλαι charges Moses to transmit YHWH's land-grant to Israel; cognate with ἐνετείλατο at vv. 13, 29.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object of ἔντειλαι (those commanded)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; the phrase οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ ('the sons of Israel') renders בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, the standard LXX designation of the covenant nation; dative as the addressees of the command.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'sons of Israel')→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל; indeclinable in the LXX; here a genitive of relationship qualifying υἱοῖς — the corporate people about to inherit Canaan.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐρεῖςyou shall sayFut Act Indic 2 Sg · λέγω (εἶπον)main verb (future with imperatival force)→ directive future (instruction equivalent to a command)λέγω / ἐρῶ: 'say'; the future ἐρεῖς ('you shall say') functions as a relay-imperative, a Hebraism rendering וְאָמַרְתָּ; Moses is to repeat the divine words verbatim to the people.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
αὐτούςthemAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the sons of Israel)→ participant referenceαὐτός: 'he / it / them'; here the accusative plural αὐτούς refers back to the sons of Israel as the recipients of the relayed message.
ὑμεῖςyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (2nd plural)→ participant referenceσύ (pl. ὑμεῖς): the emphatic nominative ὑμεῖς fronts the addressees — 'you yourselves are entering' — stressing that this generation, unlike the wilderness generation, will cross into the land.
εἰσπορεύεσθεare enteringPres Mid Indic 2 Pl · εἰσπορεύομαιmain verb (present of imminent entry)→ futuristic present (imminent action presented as underway)εἰσπορεύομαι: 'enter / go into'; renders בָּא; the present tense conveys imminence and certainty — the entry into Canaan is on the threshold of fulfilment.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (direction of entry)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of entry).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (destination)→ object specificationγῆ: 'land / earth / territory'; renders אֶרֶץ; the term recurs as a leitwort of the chapter — the surveyed γῆ Χανααν is the object of the whole inheritance-grant.
ΧαναανCanaangenitive of apposition (indeclinable: 'the land of Canaan')→ participant identificationΧανααν: transliteration of Hebrew כְּנַעַן; indeclinable in the LXX; designates the territory west of the Jordan whose boundaries the chapter delineates.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject of ἔσται)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; the feminine demonstrative anticipates γῆ — 'this (land) shall be yours'; the resumptive pronoun gives the grant a deictic, almost ceremonial force.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predictive copula)→ predictive future (the binding grant)εἰμί (fut. ἔσται): 'be'; the construction ἔσται ὑμῖν εἰς κληρονομίαν ('shall be to you for an inheritance') is a Hebraism rendering הָיָה לְ ('become as / serve as'), a formula of legal assignment.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of possession / advantage→ participant reference or interestσύ (pl. dat. ὑμῖν): dative of possession — the land is assigned to Israel's benefit and ownership.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (predicate of result: Hebraism)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: in the formula εἰς κληρονομίαν, εἰς + accusative renders the Hebrew לְ of result/predicate ('to be / as'); 'it shall be to you as an inheritance.'
κληρονομίανinheritanceAccusativepredicate accusative (with εἰς: 'for an inheritance')→ object specificationκληρονομία: 'inheritance / patrimony / allotted possession'; renders נַחֲלָה; the keyword of the chapter — the land is not merely conquered but bequeathed as a hereditary estate from YHWH (cf. κλῆρος v. 13; 1 Pet 1:4).
γῆlandNominativenominative in apposition to αὕτη (resumptive naming)→ participant prominenceγῆ: here the nominative γῆ Χανααν restates the subject by name, a Hebraizing resumption — 'this … the land of Canaan, with its borders.'
ΧαναανCanaangenitive of apposition (indeclinable, restating the land's name)→ participant identificationΧανααν: the repeated naming reinforces the legal precision of the grant — the territory is identified by name and by surveyed limits.
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment: 'together with its borders')→ spatial or relational framingσύν: 'with / together with'; here marks the land as inseparable from its defined ὅρια — the grant includes the bounded territory in its entirety.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with ὁρίοις)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁρίοιςbordersDativedative object of σύν (the land's surveyed limits)→ sphere or referenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'boundary / border / territory'; renders גְּבוּל; the governing keyword of vv. 3–12, denoting both the boundary-line and the bounded territory; the plural ὅρια is the standard LXX term for a region's frontiers.
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the land's borders)→ relational specificationαὐτός (fem. gen. αὐτῆς): refers to γῆ — 'the land's borders'; the feminine agrees with the antecedent γῆ Χανααν.
3

καὶ ἔσται ὑμῖν τὸ κλίτος τὸ πρὸς λίβα ἀπὸ ἐρήμου Σιν ἕως ἐχόμενον Εδωμ καὶ ἔσται ὑμῖν τὰ ὅρια πρὸς λίβα ἀπὸ μέρους τῆς θαλάσσης τῆς ἁλυκῆς ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν

And the south side shall be yours from the wilderness of Zin alongside Edom, and your borders toward the south shall be from the edge of the Salt Sea on the east.

First boundary: the south flank (subordinate detail of the land-grant)καὶ ἔσται ὑμῖν τὸ κλίτος
The boundary-survey begins with the south side (τὸ κλίτος τὸ πρὸς λίβα). The line runs from the wilderness of Zin along the edge of Edom; its eastern anchor is the southern tip of the Salt Sea (Dead Sea). λίψ (properly the southwest wind) is the LXX's regular term for 'south'; the repeated ἀπό … ἕως construction maps the line from start-point to limit.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predictive copula assigning the south side)→ predictive future (boundary-definition)εἰμί (fut.): 'be'; ἔσται ὑμῖν ('shall be yours') assigns the southern flank to Israel; the future is the dominant tense of the boundary-survey.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with κλίτος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλίτοςside / flankNominativesubject of ἔσται (the south side of the territory)→ participant prominenceκλίτος: 'side / flank / quarter'; renders פֵּאָה ('side, edge'); a survey term for one of the four sides of a territory; here τὸ κλίτος τὸ πρὸς λίβα = 'the south side.'
τὸtheNominativearticle (attributive, governing the πρὸς-phrase)→ noun-phrase markingthe second article τό substantivizes the prepositional phrase πρὸς λίβα — 'the [side] toward the south.'
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction: toward the south)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: toward the south).
λίβαthe southAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (compass direction)→ object specificationλίψ (acc. λίβα): properly 'the southwest wind,' but in the LXX the standard word for the compass-point 'south'; renders נֶגֶב ('Negev / south'); recurs throughout the southern-boundary description.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point of the boundary)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (starting-point of the boundary).
ἐρήμουwildernessGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (starting-point)→ relational specificationἔρημος: 'wilderness / desert'; renders מִדְבָּר; here the substantivized adjective denotes the desert of Zin, the southern margin of the inhabited land.
ΣινZingenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name: 'wilderness of Zin')→ participant identificationΣιν: transliteration of Hebrew צִן; the wilderness of Zin, on the southern frontier near Kadesh; to be distinguished from the wilderness of Sin (סִין) of Exod 16.
ἕωςas far aspreposition + genitive / improper preposition (extent of the line)→ spatial or relational framingἕως: 'until / as far as'; marks the limit reached by the boundary; here governing the participial phrase ἐχόμενον Εδωμ ('alongside Edom').
ἐχόμενονadjoining / alongsidePres Mid Ptcp Acc Neut Sg · ἔχωparticiple of place (idiomatic: 'bordering on')→ stative present participle (continuous spatial contiguity)ἔχω (mid. ptcp. ἐχόμενος): in the middle 'hold oneself next to,' hence 'adjoining / bordering'; the idiom ἐχόμενον + genitive renders the Hebrew עַל־יְדֵי / סָמוּךְ ('alongside, beside'); the south line runs hard against the territory of Edom.
ΕδωμEdomobject of ἐχόμενον (indeclinable place/people-name)→ participant identificationΕδωμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֱדוֹם; the territory of Esau's descendants southeast of the Dead Sea; the southern border of Canaan runs along its frontier.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (restating the south border)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut.): the second ἔσται resumes the assignment, now with τὰ ὅρια as subject — 'your borders toward the south shall be …'
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαbordersNominativesubject of the second ἔσται→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'borders'; here the surveyed line itself; the neuter plural takes a singular or plural verb indifferently in the boundary-clauses.
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction: south)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: south).
λίβαthe southAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (compass direction)→ object specificationλίψ (acc. λίβα): 'south'; the repetition fixes the orientation of this segment of the survey.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (starting-point).
μέρουςedge / partGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (the extremity of the sea)→ relational specificationμέρος: 'part / portion / edge'; here ἀπὸ μέρους τῆς θαλάσσης = 'from the (southern) edge of the sea'; renders מִקְצֵה ('from the end of').
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with θαλάσσης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive (with μέρους: 'the edge of the sea')→ relational specificationθάλασσα: 'sea'; renders יָם; here, qualified by τῆς ἁλυκῆς, the Salt Sea (Dead Sea) whose southern tip anchors the southeast corner of the boundary.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with ἁλυκῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁλυκῆςsaltGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying θαλάσσης: 'the Salt Sea')→ relational specificationἁλυκός: 'salty / briny'; ἡ θάλασσα ἡ ἁλυκή renders יָם הַמֶּלַח ('the Sea of Salt'), the Dead Sea; its southern shore marks the southeast extremity of Canaan (cf. v. 12).
ἀπὸfrom / onpreposition + genitive (orientation: 'on the east')→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν: 'from the east / on the eastern side'; a directional idiom locating the start of the line at the sea's eastern/southern corner.
ἀνατολῶνthe eastGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (compass direction)→ relational specificationἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολαί): 'rising (of the sun) / east'; renders מִזְרָח / קֵדְמָה; the standard LXX word for the eastern quarter; the plural is idiomatic for the compass-point.
4

καὶ κυκλώσει ὑμᾶς τὰ ὅρια ἀπὸ λιβὸς πρὸς ἀνάβασιν Ακραβιν καὶ παρελεύσεται Σεννα καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτοῦ πρὸς λίβα Καδης τοῦ Βαρνη καὶ ἐξελεύσεται εἰς ἔπαυλιν Αραδ καὶ παρελεύσεται Ασεμωνα

And the border shall turn for you from the south up to the Ascent of Akrabbim, and shall pass along Zin, and its outgoing shall be southward to Kadesh-barnea; and it shall go out to the settlement of Arad and pass along Asemona.

Continuation of the south boundary (the line traced westward)καὶ κυκλώσει ὑμᾶς τὰ ὅρια
The border is personified as it 'turns' (κυκλώσει), 'passes by' (παρελεύσεται), and 'goes out' (ἐξελεύσεται). The line climbs the Ascent of Akrabbim ('of Scorpions'), bends past Zin, reaches its southern terminus (διέξοδος) at Kadesh-barnea, and continues to Arad and Asemona. διέξοδος is the technical survey-word for the point where a boundary-line 'runs out.'
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυκλώσειshall turn aroundFut Act Indic 3 Sg · κυκλόωmain verb (boundary personified: the line bends)→ predictive future (the surveyed line's course)κυκλόω: 'encircle / go around / turn'; renders סָבַב; the boundary 'turns / curves' from the south up toward the Ascent of Akrabbim; the verb personifies the line as an agent tracing the land.
ὑμᾶςfor youAccusativeaccusative (object/ethical: 'shall curve round you')→ participant referenceσύ (pl. acc. ὑμᾶς): the accusative gives the action a personal reference — the border curves 'around / for you,' enclosing Israel's territory.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject of κυκλώσει→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border / boundary-line'; the recurrent subject of the boundary-verbs throughout vv. 4–12.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (starting-point).
λιβὸςthe southGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (compass direction)→ relational specificationλίψ (gen. λιβός): 'south'; the line proceeds 'from the south' as it turns up toward the pass of Akrabbim.
πρὸςup topreposition + accusative (direction toward the ascent)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'up to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction toward the ascent).
ἀνάβασινascent / passAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (the geographical landmark)→ object specificationἀνάβασις: 'going up / ascent / mountain-pass'; renders מַעֲלֵה; ἀνάβασις Ακραβιν = 'the Ascent of Akrabbim' (Hebrew מַעֲלֵה עַקְרַבִּים, 'Ascent of Scorpions'), a steep pass at the south end of the Dead Sea.
ΑκραβινAkrabbimgenitive of apposition (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΑκραβιν: transliteration of Hebrew עַקְרַבִּים ('scorpions'); the pass of Akrabbim, a recognized southern landmark (cf. Josh 15:3; Judg 1:36).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρελεύσεταιshall pass alongFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · παρέρχομαιmain verb (boundary continues past a landmark)→ predictive future (the line's course)παρέρχομαι: 'pass by / pass along / go past'; renders עָבַר; a recurrent boundary-verb describing the line skirting a place — here passing along Zin (Σεννα).
ΣενναZin / Sennaobject of παρελεύσεται (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣεννα: the LXX form of Hebrew צִנָה / צִן (Zin); the boundary passes along the desert of Zin already named in v. 3.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (locating the boundary's terminus)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut.): ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτοῦ ('its outgoing shall be') is the formulaic clause locating the end-point of a boundary-segment.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with διέξοδος)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoing / terminusNominativesubject of ἔσται (the boundary's end-point)→ participant prominenceδιέξοδος: 'outlet / outgoing / terminus'; renders תּוֹצָאוֹת ('outgoings, extremities of a border'); the technical survey-term for the point at which a boundary-line runs out; a leitwort of vv. 4–12.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the border's terminus)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. αὐτοῦ): 'its'; the masculine/neuter genitive refers loosely to the border-line (the collective ὅριον construed as a single line).
πρὸςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction: south)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: south).
λίβαthe southAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (compass direction)→ object specificationλίψ (acc. λίβα): 'south'; the terminus lies 'toward the south,' at Kadesh-barnea.
ΚαδηςKadeshappositional place-name (terminus of the line)→ participant identificationΚαδης: transliteration of Hebrew קָדֵשׁ; Kadesh, with τοῦ Βαρνη = Kadesh-barnea, the great oasis on the southern frontier and a key Israelite encampment (cf. Num 13:26; 20:1).
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Βαρνη: 'Kadesh of Barnea')→ noun-phrase markingthe genitive article τοῦ links the two elements of the compound name Καδης τοῦ Βαρνη ('Kadesh-barnea'), rendering Hebrew קָדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ.
ΒαρνηBarneagenitive of apposition (indeclinable, part of the place-name)→ participant identificationΒαρνη: transliteration of Hebrew בַּרְנֵעַ; the second element of the name Kadesh-barnea.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall go outFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (boundary extends further)→ predictive future (the line's course)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / come forth'; renders יָצָא; another boundary-verb, here describing the line extending out to the settlement of Arad.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (destination)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (destination).
ἔπαυλινsettlement / farmsteadAccusativeaccusative object of εἰς (the place reached)→ object specificationἔπαυλις: 'dwelling-place / settlement / farmstead / encampment'; renders חָצֵר ('settlement, village'); here ἔπαυλιν Αραδ — the Greek perhaps reflects a reading associating the site with Hazar-addar/Arad on the southern line.
ΑραδAradappositional place-name (the settlement reached)→ participant identificationΑραδ: transliteration corresponding to Hebrew אַדָּר / עֲרָד; a southern-frontier site (cf. the Canaanite king of Arad, Num 21:1); the boundary continues out to it.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρελεύσεταιshall pass alongFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · παρέρχομαιmain verb (boundary continues past Asemona)→ predictive future (the line's course)παρέρχομαι: 'pass by / pass along'; the line proceeds past Asemona toward the Wadi of Egypt (v. 5).
ΑσεμωναAsemonaobject of παρελεύσεται (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΑσεμωνα: transliteration of Hebrew עַצְמוֹן (Azmon); a station on the southern boundary near the Wadi of Egypt (cf. v. 5; Josh 15:4).
5

καὶ κυκλώσει τὰ ὅρια ἀπὸ Ασεμωνα χειμάρρουν Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος ἡ θάλασσα

And the border shall turn from Asemona to the Wadi of Egypt, and its outgoing shall be the sea.

Conclusion of the south boundary (terminus at the sea)καὶ κυκλώσει τὰ ὅρια
The southern line completes its westward run: it turns from Asemona to the Wadi of Egypt (χειμάρρους Αἰγύπτου, the Wadi el-Arish), and its terminus (διέξοδος) is 'the sea' — the Mediterranean, which the next verse defines as the western border.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυκλώσειshall turnFut Act Indic 3 Sg · κυκλόωmain verb (boundary bends toward the wadi)→ predictive future (the line's course)κυκλόω: 'turn / curve / go around'; the southern boundary makes its final turn from Asemona down to the Wadi of Egypt.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject of κυκλώσει→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; the subject of the boundary-verb.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (starting-point).
ΑσεμωναAsemonaobject of ἀπό (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΑσεμωνα: Azmon (עַצְמוֹן); the turning-point from which the line runs to the Wadi of Egypt.
χειμάρρουνwadi / torrent-streamAccusativeaccusative of destination/extent (the place reached)→ object specificationχείμαρρος / χειμάρρους: 'winter-torrent / wadi'; renders נַחַל; χειμάρρους Αἰγύπτου = 'the Wadi of Egypt' (Hebrew נַחַל מִצְרַיִם, the Wadi el-Arish), the recognized southwestern frontier of the land, not the Nile.
Αἰγύπτουof Egyptgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'Wadi of Egypt')→ participant identificationΑἴγυπτος: 'Egypt'; here a genitive qualifying χειμάρρους — the brook marking the boundary between Canaan and Egypt.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (locating the terminus)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut.): ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος ἡ θάλασσα — 'the outgoing shall be the sea'; the formula closes the southern segment at the Mediterranean.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with διέξοδος)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoing / terminusNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceδιέξοδος: 'terminus / outlet'; renders תּוֹצָאוֹת; the end-point of the southern boundary.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with θάλασσα)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσαseaNominativepredicate nominative (the terminus is the sea)→ participant prominenceθάλασσα: 'sea'; here the Mediterranean (the Great Sea, v. 6); 'sea' also serves in Hebrew/LXX idiom as the compass-word for 'west.'
6

καὶ τὰ ὅρια τῆς θαλάσσης ἔσται ὑμῖν ἡ θάλασσα ἡ μεγάλη ὁριεῖ τοῦτο ἔσται ὑμῖν τὰ ὅρια τῆς θαλάσσης

And the western border shall be yours: the Great Sea shall form the boundary; this shall be your western border.

Second boundary: the west (the Great Sea)καὶ τὰ ὅρια τῆς θαλάσσης
The western border is given in a single sentence: the Great Sea (ἡ θάλασσα ἡ μεγάλη, the Mediterranean) is itself the boundary. The phrase τὰ ὅρια τῆς θαλάσσης ('the sea-border') uses θάλασσα in its compass sense ('west'). The verb ὁριεῖ ('shall serve as boundary') is cognate with ὅρια.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject (the western border)→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; here τὰ ὅρια τῆς θαλάσσης = 'the western (sea-ward) border.'
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with θαλάσσης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςof the sea / westernGenitivegenitive of direction (defining the border as the western one)→ relational specificationθάλασσα (gen. θαλάσσης): 'sea'; in the boundary-idiom 'the sea' designates the western quarter (Hebrew יָם = 'sea / west'); τὰ ὅρια τῆς θαλάσσης = the western frontier.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predictive copula)→ predictive future (boundary-definition)εἰμί (fut.): assigns the western border to Israel.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with θάλασσα)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θάλασσαseaNominativesubject of ὁριεῖ (the Great Sea)→ participant prominenceθάλασσα: 'sea'; ἡ θάλασσα ἡ μεγάλη = 'the Great Sea,' the Mediterranean, which forms the entire western frontier of Canaan.
ἡtheNominativearticle (attributive, with μεγάλη)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάληgreatNominativeattributive adjective (modifying θάλασσα: 'the Great Sea')→ participant prominenceμέγας (fem. μεγάλη): 'great / large'; ἡ θάλασσα ἡ μεγάλη renders הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל, the standard OT name for the Mediterranean.
ὁριεῖshall form the boundaryFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ὁρίζωmain verb (the sea itself bounds the land)→ predictive future (the sea functions as boundary)ὁρίζω: 'mark off / set a boundary / delimit'; cognate with ὅριον; renders גָּבַל; here the Great Sea itself ὁριεῖ ('will serve as / form the boundary') — the natural frontier needs no further survey.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (resumptive subject: 'this')→ participant referenceοὗτος (neut. τοῦτο): 'this'; the neuter resumptive sums up the foregoing — 'this shall be your western border.'
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (summary copula)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut.): the summary clause τοῦτο ἔσται ὑμῖν τὰ ὅρια τῆς θαλάσσης closes the western-border definition.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; the summary restates the western frontier.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with θαλάσσης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςof the sea / westernGenitivegenitive of direction (the western border)→ relational specificationθάλασσα (gen.): 'sea / west'; closes the verse by repeating the defining phrase.
7

καὶ τοῦτο ἔσται τὰ ὅρια ὑμῖν πρὸς βορρᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάσσης τῆς μεγάλης καταμετρήσετε ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς παρὰ τὸ ὄρος τὸ ὄρος

And this shall be your border on the north: from the Great Sea you shall measure off for yourselves alongside the mountain, the mountain.

Third boundary: the north (begun at the Great Sea)καὶ τοῦτο ἔσται τὰ ὅρια ὑμῖν πρὸς βορρᾶν
The northern border begins. From the Great Sea the people are to 'measure off' (καταμετρήσετε) the line by Mount Hor — rendered in the LXX with the striking doubling τὸ ὄρος τὸ ὄρος ('the mountain, the mountain'), a literal calque of Hebrew הֹר הָהָר. The verb καταμετρέω governs the northern and eastern surveys (vv. 7–10).
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (cataphoric subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (neut. τοῦτο): 'this'; points forward to the northern boundary about to be described.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (predictive copula)→ predictive future (boundary-definition)εἰμί (fut.): introduces the northern border.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativepredicate nominative (the northern border)→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; here the northern frontier.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
πρὸςtoward / onpreposition + accusative (direction: north)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction: north).
βορρᾶνthe northAccusativeaccusative object of πρός (compass direction)→ object specificationβορρᾶς (acc. βορρᾶν): properly 'the north wind,' the standard LXX word for 'north'; renders צָפוֹן; orients this segment of the survey.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (starting-point).
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with θαλάσσης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (starting-point: the Great Sea)→ relational specificationθάλασσα (gen.): 'sea'; the northern line begins at the Mediterranean coast.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (with μεγάλης)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μεγάληςgreatGenitiveattributive adjective (modifying θαλάσσης: 'the Great Sea')→ relational specificationμέγας (fem. gen. μεγάλης): 'great'; the Great Sea, the Mediterranean, the common starting-point of the western and northern lines.
καταμετρήσετεyou shall measure offFut Act Indic 2 Pl · καταμετρέωmain verb (the people survey the line)→ directive future (instruction to mark the boundary)καταμετρέω: 'measure out / survey / mark off by measuring'; renders תָּאָה / מָדַד; the verb governs the northern and eastern surveys (vv. 7, 8, 10) — Israel is to lay out the line by measurement.
ὑμῖνfor yourselvesDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestσύ (pl. dat. ὑμῖν): 'for yourselves'; the dative marks the surveying as done to Israel's own benefit; ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς is a reflexive intensification.
αὐτοῖςyourselvesDativeintensive/reflexive dative (with ὑμῖν: 'for your very selves')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl. αὐτοῖς): here intensive with ὑμῖν, 'for yourselves'; the pairing ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς strengthens the reflexive sense of the survey-instruction.
παρὰalongsidepreposition + accusative (position: alongside the mountain)→ spatial or relational framingπαρά + acc.: 'beside / alongside'; the line runs alongside Mount Hor.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with ὄρος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainAccusativeaccusative object of παρά (first member of the doubled name)→ object specificationὄρος: 'mountain'; renders הַר; the doubling τὸ ὄρος τὸ ὄρος is a literal LXX calque of Hebrew הֹר הָהָר ('Hor the mountain' = Mount Hor), the northern Mount Hor distinct from the burial-site of Aaron (Num 20:22).
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with the second ὄρος)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainAccusativeaccusative in apposition (the doubled mountain-name)→ object specificationὄρος: the repeated ὄρος completes the calque τὸ ὄρος τὸ ὄρος; the translator rendered the place-name Hor (הֹר) by the common noun 'mountain,' producing the redundant 'the mountain, the mountain' for Mount Hor.
8

καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους τὸ ὄρος καταμετρήσετε αὐτοῖς εἰσπορευομένων εἰς Εμαθ καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτοῦ τὰ ὅρια Σαραδα

And from the mountain, the mountain, you shall measure off for yourselves as you go in toward Hamath, and its outgoing shall be the borders of Zedad.

Continuation of the north boundary (toward the entrance of Hamath)καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους τὸ ὄρος
From Mount Hor the northern line is measured toward the entrance of Hamath (εἰς Εμαθ, the famous 'entering in of Hamath' marking the ideal northern limit of the land), and its terminus (διέξοδος) reaches the territory of Zedad. The genitive absolute εἰσπορευομένων ('as one enters') conveys the direction of travel along the line.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (starting-point).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with ὄρους)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρουςmountainGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (first member of the doubled name)→ relational specificationὄρος (gen. ὄρους): 'mountain'; ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄρους τὸ ὄρος continues the calque of Mount Hor (הֹר הָהָר) begun in v. 7.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with the second ὄρος, in loose apposition)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄροςmountainAccusativeappositional noun (the doubled mountain-name, here in fixed form)→ object specificationὄρος: the second element of the calqued name; the LXX preserves the doubling τὸ ὄρος even where Greek syntax would not require the accusative, treating 'Hor the mountain' as a frozen designation.
καταμετρήσετεyou shall measure offFut Act Indic 2 Pl · καταμετρέωmain verb (surveying the line)→ directive future (instruction to mark the boundary)καταμετρέω: 'measure out / survey'; the northern line is measured from Mount Hor toward Hamath.
αὐτοῖςfor yourselvesDativedative of advantage (reflexive: 'for yourselves')→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl.): here functioning as the reflexive dative of advantage with the survey-verb, as in v. 7 (ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς).
εἰσπορευομένωνas you go inPres Mid Ptcp Gen Masc Pl · εἰσπορεύομαιgenitive absolute (temporal/directional: 'as one enters')→ circumstantial present participle (concurrent motion along the line)εἰσπορεύομαι (pres. ptcp.): 'enter / go in'; the genitive participle (a loose genitive absolute) indicates direction of travel — 'as one goes in toward Hamath'; the idiom 'the entering in of Hamath' (Hebrew לְבוֹא חֲמָת) is a fixed geographical marker for the northern limit.
εἰςtowardpreposition + accusative (direction)→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction).
ΕμαθHamathobject of εἰς (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΕμαθ: transliteration of Hebrew חֲמָת (Hamath), a city-state on the Orontes; 'the entrance of Hamath' is the proverbial northern boundary of the ideal land of Israel (cf. Num 13:21; 1 Kgs 8:65).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (locating the terminus)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut.): the terminus-formula ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτοῦ locates the end of this segment at Zedad.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with διέξοδος)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoing / terminusNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceδιέξοδος: 'terminus / outlet'; the end-point of this segment of the northern line.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the border's terminus)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): 'its'; refers to the boundary-line.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborders / territoryNominativepredicate nominative (the terminus is the territory of Zedad)→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): here 'territory / region'; the line ends at 'the borders of Zedad,' i.e. the district of that town.
ΣαραδαZedad / Saradagenitive of relationship (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣαραδα: the LXX form corresponding to Hebrew צְדָד (Zedad); a town on the ideal northern frontier (cf. Ezek 47:15).
9

καὶ ἐξελεύσεται τὰ ὅρια Δεφρωνα καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτοῦ Ασερναιν τοῦτο ἔσται ὑμῖν ὅρια ἀπὸ βορρᾶ

And the border shall go out to Zephron, and its outgoing shall be Hazar-enan; this shall be your border on the north.

Conclusion of the north boundary (terminus at Hazar-enan)καὶ ἐξελεύσεται τὰ ὅρια Δεφρωνα
The northern line completes itself: it goes out to Zephron, and its terminus (διέξοδος) is Hazar-enan. The summary clause τοῦτο ἔσται ὑμῖν ὅρια ἀπὸ βορρᾶ ('this shall be your border on the north') closes the third side of the survey.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξελεύσεταιshall go outFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐξέρχομαιmain verb (boundary extends to Zephron)→ predictive future (the line's course)ἐξέρχομαι: 'go out / extend'; the northern line extends out to Zephron.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject of ἐξελεύσεται→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; the subject of the boundary-verb.
ΔεφρωναZephronaccusative of destination (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΔεφρωνα: the LXX form of Hebrew זִפְרֹנָה (Ziphron / Zephron); a station on the northern boundary (cf. Ezek 47:16).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (locating the terminus)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut.): the terminus-formula ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος αὐτοῦ.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with διέξοδος)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoing / terminusNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceδιέξοδος: 'terminus'; the end-point of the northern line, at Hazar-enan.
αὐτοῦitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the border's terminus)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen.): 'its'; refers to the boundary-line.
ΑσερναινHazar-enanpredicate (indeclinable place-name: the terminus)→ participant identificationΑσερναιν: the LXX form of Hebrew חֲצַר עֵינָן (Hazar-enan, 'enclosure of springs'); the northeastern corner of the ideal land (cf. Ezek 47:17; 48:1).
τοῦτοthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (resumptive subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (neut. τοῦτο): 'this'; the resumptive summing up the northern boundary.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (summary copula)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut.): the summary clause closing the north-border definition.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
ὅριαborderNominativepredicate nominative (with ἔσται)→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; the summary restates the northern frontier.
ἀπὸon / frompreposition + genitive (orientation: north)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ βορρᾶ: 'on the north / from the north'; the directional idiom labelling this as the northern side.
βορρᾶthe northGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (compass direction)→ relational specificationβορρᾶς (gen. βορρᾶ): 'north'; renders צָפוֹן; closes the northern segment.
10

καὶ καταμετρήσετε ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς τὰ ὅρια ἀνατολῶν ἀπὸ Ασερναιν Σεπφαμα

And you shall measure off for yourselves the eastern border, from Hazar-enan to Shepham.

Fourth boundary: the east (begun at Hazar-enan)καὶ καταμετρήσετε ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς τὰ ὅρια ἀνατολῶν
The eastern border begins where the northern one ended, at Hazar-enan, and is measured down to Shepham. As in v. 7, the survey-verb καταμετρέω with the reflexive ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς ('for yourselves') frames the line as Israel's own measured allotment.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταμετρήσετεyou shall measure offFut Act Indic 2 Pl · καταμετρέωmain verb (the people survey the eastern line)→ directive future (instruction to mark the boundary)καταμετρέω: 'measure out / survey'; the eastern boundary is laid out by measurement from Hazar-enan to Shepham.
ὑμῖνfor yourselvesDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestσύ (pl. dat. ὑμῖν): 'for yourselves'; with αὐτοῖς, the reflexive dative of advantage.
αὐτοῖςyourselvesDativeintensive/reflexive dative (with ὑμῖν)→ participant reference or interestαὐτός (dat. pl.): intensive with ὑμῖν, 'for your very selves'; the same reflexive pairing as v. 7.
τὰtheAccusativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderAccusativedirect object of καταμετρήσετε (the eastern border)→ object specificationὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; here the accusative object of the survey-verb — the eastern frontier.
ἀνατολῶνof the east / easternGenitivegenitive of direction (defining the border as the eastern one)→ relational specificationἀνατολή (gen. pl. ἀνατολῶν): 'east'; τὰ ὅρια ἀνατολῶν = 'the eastern border'; the plural is idiomatic for the compass-point.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (starting-point).
ΑσερναινHazar-enanobject of ἀπό (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΑσερναιν: Hazar-enan; the northeastern corner where the north line ended (v. 9) now serves as the start of the east line.
ΣεπφαμαShephamaccusative of destination (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣεπφαμα: the LXX form of Hebrew שְׁפָם (Shepham); the next point southward on the eastern line.
11

καὶ καταβήσεται τὰ ὅρια ἀπὸ Σεπφαμ Αρβηλα ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ἐπὶ πηγάς καὶ καταβήσεται τὰ ὅρια Βηλα ἐπὶ νώτου θαλάσσης Χεναρα ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν

And the border shall go down from Shepham to Arbela on the east toward the springs, and the border shall go down to Bela, to the shoulder of the Sea of Chinnereth on the east.

Continuation of the east boundary (descent toward the Sea of Chinnereth)καὶ καταβήσεται τὰ ὅρια ἀπὸ Σεπφαμ
The eastern line now 'goes down' (καταβήσεται, twice) — the appropriate verb as it descends the Jordan rift. It runs from Shepham to Riblah/Arbela toward the springs, then down to the eastern shoulder (νῶτον, 'back / flank') of the Sea of Chinnereth (the Sea of Galilee). The repeated ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν keeps the line on the eastern side of the lake.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταβήσεταιshall go downFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (boundary descends)→ predictive future (the line's downward course)καταβαίνω: 'go down / descend'; renders יָרַד; the appropriate verb for the eastern line as it drops into the Jordan rift; recurs in vv. 11–12 as the line descends toward the Salt Sea.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject of καταβήσεται→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; the subject of the descent-verb.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (starting-point)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (starting-point).
ΣεπφαμShephamobject of ἀπό (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΣεπφαμ: Shepham (שְׁפָם); the descent of the eastern line begins here.
ΑρβηλαArbela / Riblahaccusative of destination (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΑρβηλα: the LXX form corresponding to Hebrew הָרִבְלָה (Riblah); a point on the eastern frontier, here vocalized in the Greek as Arbela.
ἀπὸonpreposition + genitive (orientation: east)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν: 'on the east'; locates Arbela east of Ain.
ἀνατολῶνthe eastGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (compass direction)→ relational specificationἀνατολή (gen. pl.): 'east'; keeps the line oriented on the eastern side.
ἐπὶtowardpreposition + accusative (direction toward the springs)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'toward'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction toward the springs).
πηγάςspringsAccusativeaccusative object of ἐπί (the place reached)→ object specificationπηγή (pl. πηγάς): 'spring / fountain'; renders עַיִן ('Ain', spring); the LXX renders the place-name Ain by the common noun 'springs,' the line passing 'toward the springs' east of Riblah.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταβήσεταιshall go downFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (boundary descends further)→ predictive future (the line's downward course)καταβαίνω: 'go down'; the second descent-verb, bringing the line down to the shoulder of the lake.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject of the second καταβήσεται→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; subject of the descent.
ΒηλαBelaaccusative of destination (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΒηλα: a transliterated place-name on the eastern descent; the Greek differs from the Hebrew, which here describes the line striking the shoulder of the Chinnereth.
ἐπὶto / uponpreposition + genitive (position: on the shoulder)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (position: on the shoulder).
νώτουshoulder / backGenitivegenitive object of ἐπί (the flank of the sea)→ relational specificationνῶτον / νῶτος (gen. νώτου): 'back / shoulder'; renders כָּתֵף ('shoulder, side'); ἐπὶ νώτου θαλάσσης ('on the shoulder of the sea') is a topographical idiom for the sloping eastern flank of the lake.
θαλάσσηςseaGenitivegenitive (with νώτου: 'the shoulder of the sea')→ relational specificationθάλασσα (gen.): 'sea'; here, qualified by Χεναρα, the freshwater Sea of Chinnereth (Galilee).
ΧεναραChinnerethgenitive of relationship (indeclinable: 'Sea of Chinnereth')→ participant identificationΧεναρα: the LXX form of Hebrew כִּנֶּרֶת (Chinnereth); the Sea of Galilee, named for its harp-shape (כִּנּוֹר); the eastern border runs along its eastern shore.
ἀπὸonpreposition + genitive (orientation: east)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν: 'on the east'; the line runs along the eastern, not the western, side of the lake.
ἀνατολῶνthe eastGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (compass direction)→ relational specificationἀνατολή (gen. pl.): 'east'; keeps the boundary on the eastern shore of the Chinnereth.
12

καὶ καταβήσεται τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ τὸν Ιορδάνην καὶ ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος θάλασσα ἡ ἁλυκή αὕτη ἔσται ὑμῖν ἡ γῆ καὶ τὰ ὅρια αὐτῆς κύκλῳ

And the border shall go down to the Jordan, and its outgoing shall be the Salt Sea. This shall be your land, with its borders round about.

Conclusion of the east boundary and of the whole surveyκαὶ καταβήσεται τὰ ὅρια ἐπὶ τὸν Ιορδάνην
The eastern line follows the Jordan down to its terminus, the Salt Sea — the same point at which the southern line began (v. 3), so the circuit closes. The concluding clause αὕτη ἔσται ὑμῖν ἡ γῆ … κύκλῳ ('this shall be your land … round about') seals the four-sided survey: the land is now a fully bounded inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταβήσεταιshall go downFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (boundary follows the Jordan down)→ predictive future (the line's downward course)καταβαίνω: 'go down'; the eastern line descends along the Jordan to the Salt Sea, completing the circuit.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαborderNominativesubject of καταβήσεται→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'border'; the subject of the final descent.
ἐπὶtopreposition + accusative (direction toward the river)→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction toward the river).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle (with Ιορδάνην)→ noun-phrase markingthe article τόν accompanies the river-name Ιορδάνης, which is declinable but treated here as a proper name.
ΙορδάνηνJordanobject of ἐπί (river-name)→ participant identificationΙορδάνης: transliteration of Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (the Jordan); the river forms the eastern boundary of Canaan proper, separating it from the Transjordan inheritance of vv. 14–15.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (locating the terminus)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut.): the final terminus-formula ἔσται ἡ διέξοδος.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with διέξοδος)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
διέξοδοςoutgoing / terminusNominativesubject of ἔσται→ participant prominenceδιέξοδος: 'terminus'; the end-point of the eastern line, the Salt Sea — closing the circuit begun at v. 3.
θάλασσαseaNominativepredicate nominative (the terminus is the Salt Sea)→ participant prominenceθάλασσα: 'sea'; with ἡ ἁλυκή, the Salt Sea (Dead Sea), the southeastern anchor of the whole boundary.
ἡtheNominativearticle (attributive, with ἁλυκή)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁλυκήsaltNominativeattributive adjective (modifying θάλασσα: 'the Salt Sea')→ participant prominenceἁλυκός (fem. ἁλυκή): 'salty'; ἡ θάλασσα ἡ ἁλυκή = the Dead Sea (יָם הַמֶּלַח); the survey ends where it began (v. 3), sealing the circuit of the land.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (resumptive subject of the summary)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; the feminine resumptive agreeing with γῆ — 'this shall be your land,' summing up the entire boundary-survey.
ἔσταιshall beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (summary copula)→ predictive futureεἰμί (fut.): the closing summary clause assigning the whole bounded land to Israel.
ὑμῖνto youDativedative of possession→ participant reference or interestὑμῖν: meaning 'to you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative of possession.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with γῆ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativepredicate nominative (the bounded inheritance)→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; the summary names the surveyed territory as a whole — 'this shall be your land.'
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὅρια)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὅριαbordersNominativenominative (coordinate with γῆ: 'and its borders')→ participant prominenceὅριον (pl. ὅρια): 'borders'; the land together with its surveyed limits 'round about.'
αὐτῆςitsGenitivegenitive of possession (the land's borders)→ relational specificationαὐτός (fem. gen. αὐτῆς): 'its'; agrees with γῆ — the land's encircling borders.
κύκλῳround aboutDativeadverbial dative (encircling: 'all around')→ sphere or referenceκύκλος (dat. κύκλῳ): 'in a circle / round about'; the adverbial dative renders Hebrew סָבִיב ('around'); it closes the survey by stressing that the four boundaries form a complete circuit enclosing the land.
13

καὶ ἐνετείλατο Μωυσῆς τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ λέγων αὕτη ἡ γῆ ἣν κατακληρονομήσετε αὐτὴν μετὰ κλήρου ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος τῷ Μωυσῇ δοῦναι αὐτὴν ταῖς ἐννέα φυλαῖς καὶ τῷ ἡμίσει φυλῆς Μανασση

And Moses commanded the sons of Israel, saying, This is the land which you shall inherit by lot, as the LORD instructed Moses to give it to the nine tribes and to the half-tribe of Manasseh.

Mosaic relay of the grant (transition to the Transjordan exception)καὶ ἐνετείλατο Μωυσῆς τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ
Moses now relays the command (ἐνετείλατο, echoing ἔντειλαι of v. 2). The land just surveyed is what Israel shall inherit μετὰ κλήρου ('by lot') — but only the nine and a half tribes, since (v. 14) the others are already settled. The comparative clause ὃν τρόπον συνέταξεν κύριος grounds the apportionment in YHWH's prior instruction.
Word-by-word analysis· 31 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb (Moses relays the divine command)→ constative aorist (completed act of charging)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; the aorist ἐνετείλατο picks up the imperative ἔντειλαι of v. 2 — Moses now executes the relay; the same verb recurs at v. 29 of YHWH's charge to the apportioners.
ΜωυσῆςMosessubject (personal name)→ participant identificationΜωυσῆς: the mediator who transmits YHWH's land-grant to the people.
τοῖςtheDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object (those commanded)→ sphere or referenceυἱός: 'son'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, the addressees of Moses' relay.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the covenant people who will inherit the land by lot.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple introducing direct discourse (Hebraism)→ circumstantial present participle (manner: introducing the words spoken)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): the participle λέγων calques לֵאמֹר, opening Moses' quoted charge.
αὕτηthisNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (fem. αὕτη): 'this'; agreeing with γῆ — 'this is the land,' pointing back to the whole survey.
ἡtheNominativearticle (with γῆ)→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandNominativepredicate nominative (the inheritance)→ participant prominenceγῆ: 'land'; the surveyed Canaan, now formally presented as the inheritance to be apportioned by lot.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of κατακληρονομήσετε)→ participant referenceὅς (fem. acc. ἥν): 'which'; introduces the relative clause defining the land as the object of inheritance.
κατακληρονομήσετεyou shall inheritFut Act Indic 2 Pl · κατακληρονομέωmain verb of relative clause (the act of inheriting)→ predictive/directive future (the appointed inheritance)κατακληρονομέω: 'take possession of as an inheritance / inherit by lot'; renders נָחַל / יָרַשׁ; the intensive compound (κατα-) of κληρονομέω stresses full and formal possession of the allotted land.
αὐτὴνitAccusativeresumptive object pronoun (Hebraism: redundant after ἥν)→ participant referenceαὐτός (fem. acc. αὐτήν): 'it'; the resumptive pronoun after the relative ἥν calques the Hebrew resumptive suffix (אֲשֶׁר … אֹתָהּ), a common LXX Hebraism.
μετὰby / withpreposition + genitive (means: 'by lot')→ spatial or relational framingμετά + gen.: 'with'; the phrase μετὰ κλήρου ('by lot') renders בְּגוֹרָל — the land is distributed by sacred lot, not by human choice or conquest alone.
κλήρουlotGenitivegenitive object of μετά (the means of allotment)→ relational specificationκλῆρος: 'lot / allotted portion'; renders גּוֹרָל; the casting of lots was the sacral mechanism by which YHWH himself assigned each tribe's territory (cf. Josh 14–19); cognate with κληρονομία (v. 2).
ὃνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (with τρόπον: 'in the manner which')→ participant referenceὅς (masc. acc. ὅν): the phrase ὃν τρόπον ('in which manner / just as') is a fixed adverbial idiom of comparison.
τρόπονmanner / wayAccusativeadverbial accusative (with ὅν: 'in the manner that')→ object specificationτρόπος: 'manner / way'; ὃν τρόπον = 'just as, in the way that'; renders כַּאֲשֶׁר; grounds the apportionment in YHWH's prior command.
συνέταξενinstructed / ordainedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · συντάσσωverb of comparative clause (YHWH's prior instruction)→ constative aorist (completed prior ordinance)συντάσσω: 'arrange / order / instruct'; renders צִוָּה; a near-synonym of ἐντέλλομαι; here the prior divine ordinance that the land go to the nine and a half tribes.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of συνέταξεν→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the ultimate author of the apportionment-plan that Moses now relays.
τῷtheDativearticle (with Μωυσῇ)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΜωυσῇMosesdative indirect object of συνέταξεν (the one instructed)→ participant identificationΜωυσῆς (dat. Μωυσῇ): here in the dative as recipient of the divine instruction; the article τῷ accompanies the name.
δοῦναιto giveAor Act Inf · δίδωμιcomplementary infinitive (content of the instruction)→ aorist infinitive (the commanded act of granting)δίδωμι (aor. inf. δοῦναι): 'give'; the infinitive complements συνέταξεν — YHWH instructed Moses 'to give' the land; renders לָתֵת; underscores that the land is a divine gift.
αὐτὴνitAccusativeobject of δοῦναι (the land)→ participant referenceαὐτός (fem. acc.): 'it'; the land given to the tribes.
ταῖςtheDativearticle (with φυλαῖς)→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐννέαninenumeral (indeclinable, modifying φυλαῖς)→ measure or countἐννέα: 'nine'; indeclinable numeral; the nine tribes remaining after the Transjordan settlement of Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh.
φυλαῖςtribesDativedative indirect object of δοῦναι (the recipients)→ sphere or referenceφυλή: 'tribe / clan'; renders מַטֶּה / שֵׁבֶט; the basic unit of Israel's land-allotment; the keyword of the roster in vv. 19–28.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῷtheDativearticle (with ἡμίσει)→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμίσειhalfDativedative (substantivized: 'to the half')→ sphere or referenceἥμισυς (dat. ἡμίσει): 'half'; τῷ ἡμίσει φυλῆς Μανασση = 'the half-tribe of Manasseh'; the western half of Manasseh receives its portion in Canaan, the eastern half having settled in Transjordan.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive (with ἡμίσει: 'half of the tribe')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen. φυλῆς): 'tribe'; partitive genitive — 'the half of the tribe of Manasseh.'
ΜανασσηManassehgenitive of apposition (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΜανασση: transliteration of Hebrew מְנַשֶּׁה; the tribe of Joseph's elder son, uniquely split between Transjordan and Canaan.
14

ὅτι ἔλαβεν φυλὴ υἱῶν Ρουβην καὶ φυλὴ υἱῶν Γαδ κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ ἥμισυ φυλῆς Μανασση ἀπέλαβον τοὺς κλήρους αὐτῶν

For the tribe of the sons of Reuben and the tribe of the sons of Gad, according to their fathers' houses, and the half-tribe of Manasseh have received their portions.

Causal ground (why only nine and a half tribes inherit Canaan)ὅτι ἔλαβεν φυλὴ υἱῶν Ρουβην
The causal ὅτι explains the limitation of v. 13: Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh have already received (ἔλαβεν … ἀπέλαβον) their inheritance east of the Jordan (Num 32). The phrase κατ᾿ οἴκους πατριῶν ('by their fathers' houses') is the standard census-formula for the sub-tribal family units.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὅτιfor / becausecausal conjunction (introducing the ground)→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: 'because / for'; renders כִּי; introduces the reason why only nine and a half tribes share Canaan.
ἔλαβενreceivedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαμβάνωmain verb (Reuben and Gad took their portion)→ constative aorist (completed prior reception)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; renders לָקַח; the singular ἔλαβεν agrees with the nearer subject φυλή; the Transjordan tribes 'received' their land already in Num 32.
φυλὴtribeNominativesubject of ἔλαβεν→ participant prominenceφυλή: 'tribe'; φυλὴ υἱῶν Ρουβην = 'the tribe of the sons of Reuben.'
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with φυλή)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl. υἱῶν): 'sons'; φυλὴ υἱῶν Ρουβην, a Hebraizing genitive chain ('tribe of sons of Reuben').
ΡουβηνReubengenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΡουβην: transliteration of Hebrew רְאוּבֵן; Jacob's firstborn; his tribe settled east of the Jordan (Num 32:33–38).
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλὴtribeNominativesubject (second coordinate subject: tribe of Gad)→ participant prominenceφυλή: 'tribe'; the tribe of Gad, the second Transjordan tribe.
υἱῶνof the sonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with φυλή)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): 'sons'; φυλὴ υἱῶν Γαδ.
ΓαδGadgenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΓαδ: transliteration of Hebrew גָּד; the tribe descended from Jacob's son by Zilpah; settled in Gilead east of the Jordan.
κατ᾿according topreposition + accusative (distributive: 'by households')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: here distributive, 'according to / by'; κατ᾿ οἴκους = 'by households,' the census-formula for sub-tribal units.
οἴκουςhousesAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (distributive: family units)→ object specificationοἶκος: 'house / household'; οἶκος πατριᾶς ('father's house') is the smallest kinship unit of Israel's tribal structure; renders בֵּית אָבוֹת.
πατριῶνof fathers / ancestralGenitivegenitive (with οἴκους: 'houses of fathers')→ relational specificationπατριά (gen. pl. πατριῶν): 'lineage / paternal family'; renders אָבוֹת; the phrase οἶκοι πατριῶν is the standard census expression for ancestral households (cf. Num 1:2).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the tribes' households)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl. αὐτῶν): 'their'; refers to the Transjordan tribes.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction (adding half-Manasseh)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with ἥμισυ)→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἥμισυhalfNominativesubject (substantivized: 'the half-tribe')→ participant prominenceἥμισυς (neut. ἥμισυ): 'half'; τὸ ἥμισυ φυλῆς Μανασση = 'the half-tribe of Manasseh,' the eastern half settled in Bashan (Num 32:39–42).
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἥμισυ)→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; partitive — 'half of the tribe.'
ΜανασσηManassehgenitive of apposition (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΜανασση: Manasseh; the eastern half-tribe that received its portion in Transjordan.
ἀπέλαβονreceivedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · ἀπολαμβάνωmain verb (the three groups took their portions)→ constative aorist (completed prior reception)ἀπολαμβάνω: 'receive (what is due) / take back'; the compound ἀπο- suggests receiving a portion duly allotted; renders לָקַח; the plural ἀπέλαβον takes all three groups (Reuben, Gad, half-Manasseh) as its subject.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with κλήρους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλήρουςportions / inheritancesAccusativedirect object of ἀπέλαβον→ object specificationκλῆρος (pl. κλήρους): 'lot / allotted portion'; here the Transjordan inheritances already received; the same word that denotes the means of allotment in v. 13 (μετὰ κλήρου).
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession (the tribes' portions)→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'their'; the portions belonging to the Transjordan tribes.
15

δύο φυλαὶ καὶ ἥμισυ φυλῆς ἔλαβον τοὺς κλήρους αὐτῶν πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου κατὰ Ιεριχω ἀπὸ νότου κατ᾿ ἀνατολάς

Two tribes and a half-tribe received their portions beyond the Jordan opposite Jericho, from the south toward the sunrise.

Summary of the Transjordan settlement (closing the exception)δύο φυλαὶ καὶ ἥμισυ φυλῆς
The verse sums up: two and a half tribes have their portions πέραν τοῦ Ιορδάνου ('beyond the Jordan') opposite Jericho, on the eastern side. The phrase ἀπὸ νότου κατ᾿ ἀνατολάς ('from the south, toward the east') locates the Transjordan territory, formally excluding it from the Canaan apportionment that follows in vv. 16–29.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
δύοtwonumeral (indeclinable, modifying φυλαί)→ measure or countδύο: 'two'; the indeclinable numeral; Reuben and Gad.
φυλαὶtribesNominativesubject of ἔλαβον→ participant prominenceφυλή (pl. φυλαί): 'tribes'; the two full Transjordan tribes.
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥμισυhalfNominativesubject (coordinate: 'and a half-tribe')→ participant prominenceἥμισυς (neut. ἥμισυ): 'half'; with φυλῆς, the half-tribe of Manasseh.
φυλῆςof a tribeGenitivepartitive genitive (with ἥμισυ)→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; partitive — 'half of a tribe.'
ἔλαβονreceivedAor Act Indic 3 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (the two and a half tribes took their portion)→ constative aorist (completed prior reception)λαμβάνω: 'take / receive'; the plural ἔλαβον with the compound subject 'two tribes and a half.'
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle (with κλήρους)→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλήρουςportionsAccusativedirect object of ἔλαβον→ object specificationκλῆρος (pl.): 'allotted portions'; the Transjordan inheritances.
αὐτῶνtheirGenitivegenitive of possession→ relational specificationαὐτός (gen. pl.): 'their'; the portions of the Transjordan tribes.
πέρανbeyond / acrossimproper preposition + genitive (location: 'across the Jordan')→ spatial or relational framingπέραν: 'across / on the other side'; with the genitive τοῦ Ιορδάνου; renders עֵבֶר; the standard term for the Transjordan ('beyond the Jordan').
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with Ιορδάνου)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙορδάνουJordanobject of πέραν (river-name)→ participant identificationΙορδάνης (gen. Ιορδάνου): the Jordan; the river east of which the two and a half tribes are settled.
κατὰopposite / facingpreposition + accusative (position: 'over against Jericho')→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: here 'opposite / over against'; κατὰ Ιεριχω = 'facing Jericho,' locating the Transjordan territory across from that city.
ΙεριχωJerichoobject of κατά (indeclinable place-name)→ participant identificationΙεριχω: transliteration of Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ (Jericho); the oasis-city west of the Jordan, used here as a reference point for the eastern settlements.
ἀπὸfrom / onpreposition + genitive (orientation: south)→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ νότου: 'on the south side'; locates the Transjordan strip on its southern flank.
νότουthe southGenitivegenitive object of ἀπό (compass direction)→ relational specificationνότος (gen. νότου): 'south wind / south'; renders נֶגֶב / תֵּימָן; a synonym of λίψ for the southern quarter.
κατ᾿towardpreposition + accusative (direction: eastward)→ spatial or relational framingκατά + acc.: here directional, 'toward'; κατ᾿ ἀνατολάς = 'toward the east / sunrise.'
ἀνατολάςthe sunrise / eastAccusativeaccusative object of κατά (compass direction)→ object specificationἀνατολή (pl. ἀνατολάς): 'east / sunrise'; renders מִזְרָח / קֵדְמָה; locates the Transjordan inheritance on the eastern side of the river.
16

καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος πρὸς Μωυσῆν λέγων

And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

New divine speech-act (introduces the appointment of the apportioners)καὶ ἐλάλησεν κύριος
The oracle-formula recurs verbatim from v. 1, opening the second main unit of the chapter: YHWH's naming of the men who will divide the land. The repetition structurally separates the boundary-survey (vv. 1–12) and Mosaic relay (vv. 13–15) from the appointment-roster (vv. 16–29).
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction (Hebraizing καί-parataxis)→ discourse linkage or contrastκαί: the paratactic narrative conjunction opening a fresh divine oracle.
ἐλάλησενspokeAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λαλέωmain verb (speech-introducing formula)→ constative aorist (single completed speech-act)λαλέω: 'speak'; the aorist ἐλάλησεν reopens direct YHWH-speech, here introducing the list of apportioners.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the speaker who names the men to apportion the land.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + accusative (direction of speech).
ΜωυσῆνMosesobject of πρός (recipient of speech)→ participant identificationΜωυσῆς: the recipient of the appointment-oracle.
λέγωνsayingPres Act Ptcp Nom Masc Sg · λέγωparticiple introducing direct discourse (Hebraism)→ circumstantial present participle (manner: introducing the words spoken)λέγω (pres. ptcp.): λέγων calques לֵאמֹר, opening the quotation that follows.
17

ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν οἳ κληρονομήσουσιν ὑμῖν τὴν γῆν Ελεαζαρ ὁ ἱερεὺς καὶ Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυη

These are the names of the men who shall apportion the land to you: Eleazar the priest and Joshua the son of Nun.

Heading of the apportioners' roster (the two principals)ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν
The roster opens with its heading-formula ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα ('these are the names'). The two principal apportioners are named first: Eleazar the high priest (the sacral authority over the lot) and Joshua son of Nun (Ἰησοῦς ὁ τοῦ Ναυη), the military and civil successor of Moses — the same pairing that executes the allotment in Josh 14:1.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (neut. pl. ταῦτα): 'these'; the cataphoric demonstrative introducing the list — 'these are the names.'
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὀνόματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesNominativepredicate nominative (with ταῦτα)→ participant prominenceὄνομα (pl. ὀνόματα): 'name'; renders שֵׁם; the roster-formula ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν is standard in census and appointment lists (cf. Num 1:5; 13:4).
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀνδρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρῶνmenGenitivegenitive (possessive: 'the names of the men')→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. pl. ἀνδρῶν): 'man'; renders אִישׁ; the appointed apportioners, one chief plus one prince per tribe.
οἳwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject of κληρονομήσουσιν)→ participant referenceὅς (masc. pl. οἵ): 'who'; introduces the relative clause defining the men's function — to apportion the land.
κληρονομήσουσινshall apportion / cause to inheritFut Act Indic 3 Pl · κληρονομέωmain verb of relative clause (their appointed task)→ predictive future (the commissioned act of apportioning)κληρονομέω: ordinarily 'inherit,' but here with the dative ὑμῖν ('for you') it carries a causative/distributive force — 'cause you to inherit / apportion to you'; renders the Hiphil of נָחַל ('give as inheritance'); the men do not inherit for themselves but allot the land to the tribes.
ὑμῖνfor you / to youDativedative of advantage (the beneficiaries of the allotment)→ participant reference or interestσύ (pl. dat. ὑμῖν): 'for you'; the dative shows the apportioning is done on Israel's behalf.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κληρονομήσουσιν→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the surveyed Canaan to be divided among the tribes.
ΕλεαζαρEleazarnominative in apposition (first apportioner; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλεαζαρ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶלְעָזָר ('God has helped'); Aaron's son and successor as high priest (Num 20:25–28); the sacral authority presiding over the casting of the lot.
ὁtheNominativearticle (with ἱερεύς)→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἱερεὺςpriestNominativenominative in apposition to Ελεαζαρ ('the priest')→ participant prominenceἱερεύς: 'priest'; renders כֹּהֵן; Eleazar's priestly office is what qualifies him to oversee the sacred lot (cf. Josh 14:1; 19:51, where the lot is cast 'before the LORD').
καὶandcoordinate conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἸησοῦςJoshuanominative (second apportioner; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationἸησοῦς: the LXX rendering of Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (Joshua/Jehoshua); Moses' successor (Num 27:18–23); the same Greek name later borne by Jesus, making this a notable typological link in patristic reading.
ὁtheNominativearticle (substantivizing the patronymic: 'the [son] of Nun')→ noun-phrase markingthe article ὁ with the genitive τοῦ Ναυη forms the patronymic 'the (son) of Nun,' an idiomatic Greek way of expressing filiation without the word υἱός.
τοῦofGenitivearticle (with Ναυη, in the patronymic)→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΝαυηNungenitive of filiation (indeclinable: 'son of Nun')→ participant identificationΝαυη: the LXX form of Hebrew נוּן (Nun); Joshua's father; the LXX consistently renders the name as Ναυη rather than transliterating Nun directly.
18

καὶ ἄρχοντα ἕνα ἐκ φυλῆς λήμψεσθε κατακληρονομῆσαι ὑμῖν τὴν γῆν

And you shall take one prince from each tribe to apportion the land to you.

Instruction for the tribal representatives (the principle of the roster)καὶ ἄρχοντα ἕνα ἐκ φυλῆς λήμψεσθε
Beyond the two principals, one ἄρχων ('prince / chief') is to be taken from each tribe. The distributive ἕνα ἐκ φυλῆς ('one from each tribe') sets up the roster of vv. 19–28. The purpose-infinitive κατακληρονομῆσαι restates the apportioning task with the same intensive compound used in v. 13.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄρχονταprince / rulerAccusativedirect object of λήμψεσθε→ object specificationἄρχων: 'ruler / chief / prince'; renders נָשִׂיא ('chieftain, tribal head'); the title of each tribe's appointed representative; the keyword of the roster in vv. 19–28.
ἕναoneAccusativenumeral (distributive: 'one [from each]')→ measure or countεἷς (masc. acc. ἕνα): 'one'; the distributive ἄρχοντα ἕνα ἐκ φυλῆς = 'one prince from each tribe,' guaranteeing equal tribal representation in the apportionment.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (source: 'from each tribe')→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + genitive (source: 'from each tribe').
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive object of ἐκ (distributive source)→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the anarthrous singular has distributive force — 'from (each) tribe.'
λήμψεσθεyou shall takeFut Mid Indic 2 Pl · λαμβάνωmain verb (instruction to select the princes)→ directive future (instruction equivalent to a command)λαμβάνω (fut. mid. λήμψεσθε): 'take / select'; renders לָקַח; the directive future commands Israel to designate one chief per tribe for the apportionment commission.
κατακληρονομῆσαιto apportionAor Act Inf · κατακληρονομέωpurpose infinitive (the task of the princes)→ aorist infinitive of purpose (in order to apportion)κατακληρονομέω (aor. inf.): 'apportion as inheritance / distribute by lot'; the infinitive of purpose expresses why the princes are taken — to divide the land; the intensive compound matches κατακληρονομήσετε of v. 13.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedative of advantage→ participant reference or interestσύ (pl. dat.): 'for you'; the apportioning is done on Israel's behalf.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (with γῆν)→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνlandAccusativedirect object of κατακληρονομῆσαι→ object specificationγῆ: 'land'; the object of the apportioning.
19

καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῆς φυλῆς Ιουδα Χαλεβ υἱὸς Ιεφοννη

And these are the names of the men: of the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh;

Roster heading and first tribal prince (Judah)καὶ ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀνδρῶν
The roster proper begins. The order of tribes follows a south-to-north geographical arrangement, headed by Judah. Its prince is Caleb son of Jephunneh — the faithful spy of Num 13–14, here honored as the foremost of the apportioners, fittingly the first to receive his own inheritance (Hebron, Josh 14:6–14).
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandnarrative conjunction→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταῦταtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject)→ participant referenceοὗτος (neut. pl. ταῦτα): 'these'; reopens the roster-formula for the tribal princes.
τὰtheNominativearticle (with ὀνόματα)→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνόματαnamesNominativepredicate nominative (with ταῦτα)→ participant prominenceὄνομα (pl.): 'names'; the heading of the tribe-by-tribe list.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (with ἀνδρῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνδρῶνmenGenitivegenitive (possessive: 'the names of the men')→ relational specificationἀνήρ (gen. pl.): 'men'; the tribal princes whose names follow.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of Judah')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the formula τῆς φυλῆς + name heads each entry in the roster (vv. 19–28).
ΙουδαJudahgenitive of apposition (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΙουδα: transliteration of Hebrew יְהוּדָה; the leading southern tribe, placed first in the roster; its prince is named next.
ΧαλεβCalebnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΧαλεβ: transliteration of Hebrew כָּלֵב; the faithful spy (Num 13:6, 30; 14:24) who, with Joshua, was promised entry into the land; here the prince representing Judah.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic: 'son of Jephunneh')→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the formula [Name] υἱὸς [Father] supplies each prince's patronymic throughout the roster.
ΙεφοννηJephunnehgenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΙεφοννη: transliteration of Hebrew יְפֻנֶּה; Caleb's father; the patronymic distinguishes this Caleb in the genealogical record.
20

τῆς φυλῆς Συμεων Σαλαμιηλ υἱὸς Εμιουδ

of the tribe of Simeon, Shelumiel son of Ammihud;

Roster entry (Simeon)τῆς φυλῆς Συμεων
Second entry: the prince of Simeon, Shelumiel son of Ammihud. From here the roster follows a fixed, compressed pattern — τῆς φυλῆς [tribe], [prince] υἱὸς [father] — with the verb of the heading (v. 19) understood throughout.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of Simeon')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the roster-formula heading this entry.
ΣυμεωνSimeongenitive of apposition (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΣυμεων: transliteration of Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן; Jacob's second son by Leah; his tribe's territory lay within Judah's in the south.
ΣαλαμιηλShelumielnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΣαλαμιηλ: transliteration of Hebrew שְׁלֻמִיאֵל ('God is my peace'); the prince of Simeon, also named at Num 1:6; 7:36.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic-formula.
ΕμιουδAmmihudgenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕμιουδ: the LXX form of Hebrew עַמִּיהוּד (Ammihud); Shelumiel's father (Hebrew has Zurishaddai at Num 1:6; the LXX of this verse reads Ammihud).
21

τῆς φυλῆς Βενιαμιν Ελδαδ υἱὸς Χασλων

of the tribe of Benjamin, Elidad son of Chislon;

Roster entry (Benjamin)τῆς φυλῆς Βενιαμιν
Third entry: the prince of Benjamin, Elidad son of Chislon. The roster continues its fixed pattern; Benjamin, the small but strategically central tribe, follows the southern Simeon.
Word-by-word analysis· 6 words
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of Benjamin')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the roster-heading for Benjamin.
ΒενιαμινBenjamingenitive of apposition (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΒενιαμιν: transliteration of Hebrew בִּנְיָמִין ('son of the right hand'); Jacob's youngest son; the tribe's territory lay between Judah and Ephraim.
ΕλδαδElidadnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλδαδ: the LXX form of Hebrew אֱלִידָד ('God has loved'); the prince of Benjamin; not to be confused with the Eldad of Num 11:26–27.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic-formula.
ΧασλωνChislongenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΧασλων: transliteration of Hebrew כִּסְלוֹן (Chislon); Elidad's father.
22

τῆς φυλῆς Δαν ἄρχων Βακχιρ υἱὸς Εγλι

of the tribe of Dan, a prince, Bukki son of Jogli;

Roster entry (Dan)τῆς φυλῆς Δαν ἄρχων
Fourth entry: from Dan onward the LXX inserts the explicit title ἄρχων ('a prince') before each name, marking the transition from the leading tribes to the remaining ones. The prince of Dan is Bukki son of Jogli.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of Dan')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the roster-heading for Dan.
ΔανDangenitive of apposition (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΔαν: transliteration of Hebrew דָּן ('judge'); Jacob's son by Bilhah; the tribe later migrated to the far north (Judg 18).
ἄρχωνprinceNominativenominative in apposition (the title preceding the name)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'prince / chief'; from this entry the LXX prefixes the title ἄρχων to each prince's name (vv. 22–28); renders נָשִׂיא.
ΒακχιρBukkinominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΒακχιρ: the LXX form of Hebrew בֻּקִּי (Bukki); the prince of Dan.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic-formula.
ΕγλιJogligenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕγλι: the LXX form of Hebrew יָגְלִי (Jogli); Bukki's father.
23

τῶν υἱῶν Ιωσηφ φυλῆς υἱῶν Μανασση ἄρχων Ανιηλ υἱὸς Ουφι

of the sons of Joseph, of the tribe of the sons of Manasseh, a prince, Hanniel son of Ephod;

Roster entry (Manasseh, son of Joseph)τῶν υἱῶν Ιωσηφ φυλῆς υἱῶν Μανασση
Fifth entry: the two Joseph-tribes are grouped under the heading τῶν υἱῶν Ιωσηφ ('of the sons of Joseph'). Manasseh comes first — here the western half-tribe, since the eastern half is already settled (v. 14). Its prince is Hanniel son of Ephod.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with υἱῶν)→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the sons of Joseph')→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): 'sons'; the heading οἱ υἱοὶ Ιωσηφ groups Manasseh and Ephraim under their father Joseph.
ΙωσηφJosephgenitive of relationship (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΙωσηφ: transliteration of Hebrew יוֹסֵף; the patriarch whose two sons Manasseh and Ephraim became full tribes (Gen 48), here treated together.
φυλῆςof the tribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of the sons of Manasseh')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; nested within the Joseph-heading — 'the tribe of the sons of Manasseh.'
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Μανασση)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): 'sons'; φυλῆς υἱῶν Μανασση, a Hebraizing genitive chain.
ΜανασσηManassehgenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΜανασση: Manasseh; here the western half-tribe that inherits within Canaan.
ἄρχωνprinceNominativenominative in apposition (the title)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'prince / chief'; the title before the name, as from v. 22.
ΑνιηλHannielnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑνιηλ: the LXX form of Hebrew חַנִּיאֵל (Hanniel, 'favor of God'); the prince of (western) Manasseh.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic-formula.
ΟυφιEphodgenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΟυφι: the LXX form corresponding to Hebrew אֵפֹד (Ephod); Hanniel's father.
24

τῆς φυλῆς υἱῶν Εφραιμ ἄρχων Καμουηλ υἱὸς Σαβαθα

of the tribe of the sons of Ephraim, a prince, Kemuel son of Shiphtan;

Roster entry (Ephraim, son of Joseph)τῆς φυλῆς υἱῶν Εφραιμ
Sixth entry: the second Joseph-tribe, Ephraim — Joseph's younger son, given precedence in blessing (Gen 48:19) but listed here after Manasseh. Its prince is Kemuel son of Shiphtan.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of the sons of Ephraim')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the roster-heading for Ephraim.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Εφραιμ)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): 'sons'; φυλῆς υἱῶν Εφραιμ, the genitive chain.
ΕφραιμEphraimgenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΕφραιμ: transliteration of Hebrew אֶפְרַיִם; Joseph's younger son; the dominant northern tribe, later eponym of the northern kingdom.
ἄρχωνprinceNominativenominative in apposition (the title)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'prince / chief'; the title before the name.
ΚαμουηλKemuelnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΚαμουηλ: the LXX form of Hebrew קְמוּאֵל (Kemuel); the prince of Ephraim.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic-formula.
ΣαβαθαShiphtangenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΣαβαθα: the LXX form corresponding to Hebrew שִׁפְטָן (Shiphtan); Kemuel's father.
25

τῆς φυλῆς Ζαβουλων ἄρχων Ελισαφαν υἱὸς Φαρναχ

of the tribe of Zebulun, a prince, Elizaphan son of Parnach;

Roster entry (Zebulun)τῆς φυλῆς Ζαβουλων
Seventh entry: the prince of Zebulun, Elizaphan son of Parnach. The roster now moves to the northern (Galilean) tribes.
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of Zebulun')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the roster-heading for Zebulun.
ΖαβουλωνZebulungenitive of apposition (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΖαβουλων: transliteration of Hebrew זְבוּלוּן; Jacob's son by Leah; the tribe settled in lower Galilee.
ἄρχωνprinceNominativenominative in apposition (the title)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'prince / chief'; the title before the name.
ΕλισαφανElizaphannominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΕλισαφαν: the LXX form of Hebrew אֱלִיצָפָן (Elizaphan, 'God has protected'); the prince of Zebulun.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic-formula.
ΦαρναχParnachgenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΦαρναχ: transliteration of Hebrew פַּרְנָךְ (Parnach); Elizaphan's father.
26

τῆς φυλῆς υἱῶν Ισσαχαρ ἄρχων Φαλτιηλ υἱὸς Οζα

of the tribe of the sons of Issachar, a prince, Paltiel son of Azzan;

Roster entry (Issachar)τῆς φυλῆς υἱῶν Ισσαχαρ
Eighth entry: the prince of Issachar, Paltiel son of Azzan. Issachar's territory lay in the Jezreel valley, south of Zebulun.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of the sons of Issachar')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the roster-heading for Issachar.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Ισσαχαρ)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): 'sons'; φυλῆς υἱῶν Ισσαχαρ, the genitive chain.
ΙσσαχαρIssachargenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΙσσαχαρ: transliteration of Hebrew יִשָּׂשכָר; Jacob's son by Leah; the tribe of the Jezreel plain.
ἄρχωνprinceNominativenominative in apposition (the title)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'prince / chief'; the title before the name.
ΦαλτιηλPaltielnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΦαλτιηλ: the LXX form of Hebrew פַּלְטִיאֵל (Paltiel, 'God is my deliverance'); the prince of Issachar.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic-formula.
ΟζαAzzangenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΟζα: the LXX form corresponding to Hebrew עַזָּן (Azzan); Paltiel's father.
27

τῆς φυλῆς υἱῶν Ασηρ ἄρχων Αχιωρ υἱὸς Σελεμι

of the tribe of the sons of Asher, a prince, Ahihud son of Shelomi;

Roster entry (Asher)τῆς φυλῆς υἱῶν Ασηρ
Ninth entry: the prince of Asher, Ahihud son of Shelomi. Asher held the coastal strip of the northwest, from Carmel toward Sidon.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of the sons of Asher')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the roster-heading for Asher.
υἱῶνsonsGenitivegenitive of relationship (with Ασηρ)→ relational specificationυἱός (gen. pl.): 'sons'; φυλῆς υἱῶν Ασηρ, the genitive chain.
ΑσηρAshergenitive of relationship (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΑσηρ: transliteration of Hebrew אָשֵׁר ('happy'); Jacob's son by Zilpah; the northwestern coastal tribe.
ἄρχωνprinceNominativenominative in apposition (the title)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'prince / chief'; the title before the name.
ΑχιωρAhihudnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΑχιωρ: the LXX form corresponding to Hebrew אֲחִיהוּד (Ahihud, 'brother of majesty'); the prince of Asher.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic-formula.
ΣελεμιShelomigenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΣελεμι: the LXX form of Hebrew שְׁלֹמִי (Shelomi); Ahihud's father.
28

τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλι ἄρχων Φαδαηλ υἱὸς Βεναμιουδ

of the tribe of Naphtali, a prince, Pedahel son of Ammihud.

Roster entry (Naphtali — final tribe)τῆς φυλῆς Νεφθαλι
Tenth and final entry: the prince of Naphtali, Pedahel son of Ammihud. Naphtali, the northernmost tribe, closes the roster of ten apportioners (the two and a half Transjordan tribes being excepted, with Levi receiving no land-allotment).
Word-by-word analysis· 7 words
τῆςof theGenitivearticle (with φυλῆς)→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φυλῆςtribeGenitivegenitive of relationship ('of the tribe of Naphtali')→ relational specificationφυλή (gen.): 'tribe'; the roster-heading for Naphtali, the final entry.
ΝεφθαλιNaphtaligenitive of apposition (indeclinable tribal name)→ participant identificationΝεφθαλι: transliteration of Hebrew נַפְתָּלִי; Jacob's son by Bilhah; the northernmost tribe, around the upper Jordan and the Sea of Chinnereth.
ἄρχωνprinceNominativenominative in apposition (the title)→ participant prominenceἄρχων: 'prince / chief'; the title before the name, closing the list.
ΦαδαηλPedahelnominative in apposition (the prince; indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΦαδαηλ: the LXX form of Hebrew פְּדַהְאֵל (Pedahel, 'God has redeemed'); the prince of Naphtali.
υἱὸςsonNominativenominative in apposition (patronymic)→ participant prominenceυἱός: 'son'; the patronymic-formula, last in the roster.
ΒεναμιουδAmmihudgenitive of filiation (indeclinable name)→ participant identificationΒεναμιουδ: the LXX form corresponding to Hebrew עַמִּיהוּד (Ammihud); Pedahel's father (the Greek form folds in the 'son of' element ben-).
29

οὗτοι οἷς ἐνετείλατο κύριος καταμερίσαι τοῖς υἱοῖς Ισραηλ ἐν γῇ Χανααν

These are the ones whom the LORD commanded to divide up the inheritance to the sons of Israel in the land of Canaan.

Concluding summary (closing the appointment-roster and the chapter)οὗτοι οἷς ἐνετείλατο κύριος
The chapter closes with a summary inclusio: οὗτοι ('these are the ones') matches the opening ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα (v. 17), and ἐνετείλατο κύριος echoes the commands of vv. 2, 13. The verb καταμερίσαι ('divide up / apportion') names the commission once more, and ἐν γῇ Χανααν returns to the chapter's opening locus (v. 2), framing the whole as the orderly, divinely-authorized distribution of the promised inheritance.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
οὗτοιtheseNominativedemonstrative pronoun (subject; resumptive of the roster)→ participant referenceοὗτος (masc. pl. οὗτοι): 'these'; the resumptive demonstrative gathers up the whole roster of apportioners — 'these are the men whom the LORD commanded.'
οἷςwhomDativerelative pronoun (dative object of ἐνετείλατο)→ participant reference or interestὅς (masc. pl. dat. οἷς): 'whom / to whom'; the dative is governed by ἐντέλλομαι, which takes a dative of the person commanded.
ἐνετείλατοcommandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιmain verb of relative clause (the divine charge)→ constative aorist (completed act of commissioning)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command / charge'; the same verb as v. 13 and the cognate of ἔντειλαι (v. 2), forming a lexical inclusio around the chapter; here YHWH commands the named men to apportion the land.
κύριοςLORDNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ participant prominenceκύριος: the Tetragrammaton; the ultimate author of the apportionment, with whose command the chapter closes.
καταμερίσαιto divide up / apportionAor Act Inf · καταμερίζωcomplementary infinitive (content of the command)→ aorist infinitive (the commanded act of dividing)καταμερίζω: 'divide up / distribute in portions'; renders חָלַק / נָחַל (Piel/Hiphil); the compound κατα- stresses thorough distribution; complements ἐνετείλατο — the men are charged 'to apportion' the land to the tribes.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with υἱοῖς)→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonsDativedative indirect object of καταμερίσαι (the recipients)→ sphere or referenceυἱός (dat. pl.): 'sons'; οἱ υἱοὶ Ισραηλ, the tribes to whom the land is to be apportioned.
ΙσραηλIsraelgenitive of relationship (indeclinable)→ participant identificationΙσραηλ: the covenant people, the beneficiaries of the inheritance — the chapter ends as it began (v. 2), with Israel and the land of Canaan.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (locative)→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition + dative (locative).
γῇthe landDativedative of place (locative: 'in the land')→ sphere or referenceγῆ (dat. γῇ): 'land'; the closing ἐν γῇ Χανααν returns to the chapter's opening locus (v. 2), sealing the inclusio.
ΧαναανCanaangenitive of apposition (indeclinable: 'land of Canaan')→ participant identificationΧανααν: Canaan; the surveyed and now-to-be-apportioned promised land, named for the last time at the chapter's close.