1
κρείσσων ἀνὴρ ἐλέγχων ἀνδρὸς σκληροτραχήλου ἐξαπίνης γὰρ φλεγομένου αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ἴασις
Better is a man who reproves a stiff-necked man; for when he is suddenly inflamed, there is no healing.
The chapter opens by valuing corrective confrontation over unchecked obstinacy, because some crises become irreparable once anger is fully kindled.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κρείσσωνbetterA3C NSM · κρείσσωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρείσσων: meaning 'better'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐλέγχωνreprovingN2 GPM · ἔλεγχοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔλεγχος: meaning 'reproving'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀνδρὸςmanN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σκληροτραχήλουstiff-neckedA1B GSM · σκληροτράχηλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσκληροτράχηλος: meaning 'stiff-necked'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐξαπίνηςsuddenlyD · ἐξαπίνηςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐξαπίνης: meaning 'suddenly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φλεγομένουbeing inflamedV1 · πμπγσμ φλέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγσμ φλέγω: meaning 'being inflamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἴασιςhealingN3I NSF · ἴασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἴασις: meaning 'healing'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
ἐγκωμιαζομένων δικαίων εὐφρανθήσονται λαοί ἀρχόντων δὲ ἀσεβῶν στένουσιν ἄνδρες
When the righteous are praised, peoples will rejoice; but under ungodly rulers men groan.
Public joy or grief is tied directly to the moral quality of those being honored and ruling.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐγκωμιαζομένωνwhile being praisedV1 · πμπγπμ κωμιάζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ κωμιάζω + ἐν: meaning 'while being praised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δικαίωνrighteous peopleA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous people'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
εὐφρανθήσονταιwill rejoiceVC FPI3P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'will rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λαοίpeoplesN2 NPM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀρχόντωνof rulersV1 · παπγπμ ἄρχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ἄρχω: meaning 'of rulers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβῶνungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
στένουσινgroanV1 PAI3P · στένωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processστένω: meaning 'groan'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
3
ἀνδρὸς φιλοῦντος σοφίαν εὐφραίνεται πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ὃς δὲ ποιμαίνει πόρνας ἀπολεῖ πλοῦτον
A father rejoices in a man who loves wisdom, but he who keeps company with prostitutes will destroy wealth.
The proverb contrasts filial joy rooted in wisdom with the financial and moral collapse of sexual dissipation.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀνδρὸςof a manN3 GSM · ἀνήρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'of a man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
φιλοῦντοςlovingV2 · παπγσμ φιλέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ φιλέω: meaning 'loving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐφραίνεταιrejoicesV1 PMI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoices'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πατὴρfatherN3 NSM · πατήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπατήρ: meaning 'father'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃςhe whoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'he who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποιμαίνειkeeps company withV1 PAI3S · ποιμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιμαίνω: meaning 'keeps company with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόρναςprostitutesN1 APF · πόρνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόρνη: meaning 'prostitutes'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀπολεῖwill destroyVF2 FAI3S · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'will destroy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πλοῦτονwealthN2 ASM · πλοῦτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλοῦτος: meaning 'wealth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
4
βασιλεὺς δίκαιος ἀνίστησιν χώραν ἀνὴρ δὲ παράνομος κατασκάπτει
A righteous king raises up a land, but a lawless man tears it down.
Royal justice is shown to be foundational for civic stability, while lawlessness is politically destructive.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνίστησινraises upV6 PAI3S · ἵστημι + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raises up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
χώρανlandN1A ASF · χώραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχώρα: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παράνομοςlawlessA1B NSM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατασκάπτειtears downV1 PAI3S · σκάπτω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκάπτω + κατα: meaning 'tears down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
ὃς παρασκευάζεται ἐπὶ πρόσωπον τοῦ ἑαυτοῦ φίλου δίκτυον περιβάλλει αὐτὸ τοῖς ἑαυτοῦ ποσίν
Whoever prepares himself before the face of his own friend spreads a net for his own feet.
Manipulative posturing before a friend rebounds as a trap for the schemer himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παρασκευάζεταιprepares himselfV1 PMI3S · σκευάζω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσκευάζω + παρα: meaning 'prepares himself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶbeforeP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φίλουfriendA1 GSM · φίλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationφίλος: meaning 'friend'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
δίκτυονnetN2N ASN · δίκτυονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκτυον: meaning 'net'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
περιβάλλειspreads aroundV1 PAI3S · βάλλω + περιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processβάλλω + περι: meaning 'spreads around'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸitRD ASN · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸ: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ποσίνfeetN3D DPM · πούςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπούς: meaning 'feet'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
6
ἁμαρτάνοντι ἀνδρὶ μεγάλη παγίς δίκαιος δὲ ἐν χαρᾷ καὶ ἐν εὐφροσύνῃ ἔσται
For a great snare belongs to a man who sins, but the righteous man will be in joy and gladness.
Sin entangles the sinner, whereas righteousness yields celebratory freedom.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἁμαρτάνοντιto one sinningV1 · παπδσμ ἁμαρτάνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπδσμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'to one sinning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνδρὶmanN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μεγάληgreatA1 NSF · μέγαςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
παγίςsnareN3D NSF · παγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δίκαιοςrighteous manA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χαρᾷjoyN1A DSF · χαράdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceχαρά: meaning 'joy'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
εὐφροσύνῃgladnessN1 DSF · εὐφροσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
ἐπίσταται δίκαιος κρίνειν πενιχροῖς ὁ δὲ ἀσεβὴς οὐ συνήσει γνῶσιν καὶ πτωχῷ οὐχ ὑπάρχει νοῦς ἐπιγνώμων
The righteous man knows how to judge for the poor, but the ungodly will not understand knowledge, and the poor man has no perceptive mind.
The righteous are depicted as competent in justice for the poor, while wickedness lacks true moral understanding.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐπίσταταιknowsV6 PMI3S · ἵσταμαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἵσταμαι + ἐπι: meaning 'knows'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteous manA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κρίνεινto judgeV1 PAN · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementκρίνω: meaning 'to judge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πενιχροῖςfor the poorA1A DPM · πενιχρόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπενιχρός: meaning 'for the poor'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁthe oneRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀσεβὴςungodlyA3H NSM · ἀσεβήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνήσειwill understandVF FAI3S · ἵημι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵημι + συν: meaning 'will understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γνῶσινknowledgeN3I ASF · γνῶσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πτωχῷto a poor manN2 DSM · πτωχόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπτωχός: meaning 'to a poor man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπάρχειthere existsV1 PAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'there exists'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νοῦςmindN2C NSM · νοῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνοῦς: meaning 'mind'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπιγνώμωνperceptiveA3N NSM · ἐπιγνώμωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐπιγνώμων: meaning 'perceptive'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
8
ἄνδρες λοιμοὶ ἐξέκαυσαν πόλιν σοφοὶ δὲ ἀπέστρεψαν ὀργήν
Pestilent men set a city on fire, but the wise turn away wrath.
Mocking and destructive men inflame civic disorder, while wisdom de-escalates communal anger.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
λοιμοὶpestilentA1B NPM · λοιμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλοιμός: meaning 'pestilent'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξέκαυσανset on fireVAI AAI3P · καύω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαύω + ἐκ: meaning 'set on fire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πόλινcityN3I ASF · πόλιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπόλις: meaning 'city'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σοφοὶwise menA1 NPM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέστρεψανturned awayVAI AAI3P · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀργήνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
9
ἀνὴρ σοφὸς κρίνει ἔθνη ἀνὴρ δὲ φαῦλος ὀργιζόμενος καταγελᾶται καὶ οὐ καταπτήσσει
A wise man judges nations, but an evil man, growing angry, is laughed at and causes no terror.
Wisdom is fitted for broad judgment, while petty anger makes the wicked ridiculous rather than formidable.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφὸςwiseA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κρίνειjudgesV1 PAI3S · κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processκρίνω: meaning 'judges'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φαῦλοςevilA1 NSM · φαῦλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφαῦλος: meaning 'evil'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀργιζόμενοςbecoming angryV1 · πμπνσμ ὀργίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ὀργίζω: meaning 'becoming angry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταγελᾶταιis laughed atV3 PMI3S · γελάω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγελάω + κατα: meaning 'is laughed at'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταπτήσσειcauses terrorV1 PAI3S · πτήσσω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processπτήσσω + κατα: meaning 'causes terror'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
10
ἄνδρες αἱμάτων μέτοχοι μισήσουσιν ὅσιον οἱ δὲ εὐθεῖς ἐκζητήσουσιν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ
Men who share in bloodshed will hate a holy man, but the upright will seek his life.
Violence recoils from holiness, while the upright actively seek to preserve the righteous life.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἄνδρεςmenN3 NPM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'men'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αἱμάτωνof bloodsN3M GPN · αἷμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationαἷμα: meaning 'of bloods'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μέτοχοιsharersA1B NPM · μέτοχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμέτοχος: meaning 'sharers'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μισήσουσινwill hateVF FAI3P · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμισέω: meaning 'will hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅσιονholy manA1A ASM · ὅσιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅσιος: meaning 'holy man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐθεῖςuprightA3U NPM · εὐθύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐθύς: meaning 'upright'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκζητήσουσινwill seekVF FAI3P · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'will seek'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ψυχὴνlifeN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
ὅλον τὸν θυμὸν αὐτοῦ ἐκφέρει ἄφρων σοφὸς δὲ ταμιεύεται κατὰ μέρος
A fool pours out all his anger, but a wise man stores it up piece by piece.
The key contrast is between emotional discharge and measured restraint.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὅλονwholeA1 ASM · ὅλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὅλος: meaning 'whole'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸνangerN2 ASM · θυμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθυμός: meaning 'anger'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκφέρειpours outV1 PAI3S · φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'pours out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σοφὸςwise manA1 NSM · σοφόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσοφός: meaning 'wise man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταμιεύεταιstores upV1 PMI3S · ταμιεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processταμιεύω: meaning 'stores up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέροςmeasureN3E ASN · μέροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμέρος: meaning 'measure'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
12
βασιλέως ὑπακούοντος λόγον ἄδικον πάντες οἱ ὑπ' αὐτὸν παράνομοι
If a king listens to an unjust word, all those under him are lawless.
A ruler's moral ear shapes the whole character of his administration.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
βασιλέωςof a kingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'of a king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὑπακούοντοςlistening toV1 · παπγσμ ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ ἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'listening to'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
λόγονwordN2 ASM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἄδικονunjustA1B ASM · ἄδικοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπ'underP · ὑπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπ': meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
παράνομοιlawlessA1B NPM · παράνομοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
13
δανιστοῦ καὶ χρεοφειλέτου ἀλλήλοις συνελθόντων ἐπισκοπὴν ποιεῖται ἀμφοτέρων ὁ κύριος
When lender and debtor meet one another, the Lord makes visitation of them both.
Economic relations remain under divine oversight, and neither party escapes the Lord's inspection.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
δανιστοῦof lenderN1M GSM · δανειστήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδανειστής: meaning 'of lender'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρεοφειλέτουof debtorN1M GSM · χρεοφειλέτουgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχρεοφειλέτου: meaning 'of debtor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλλήλοιςto one anotherRD DPM · ἀλλήλωpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἀλλήλοις: meaning 'to one another'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
συνελθόντωνhaving come togetherVB · ααπγπμ ἔρχομαι + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπγπμ ἔρχομαι + συν: meaning 'having come together'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπισκοπὴνvisitationN1 ASF · ἐπισκοπήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐπισκοπή: meaning 'visitation'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ποιεῖταιmakesV2 PMI3S · ποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processποιέω: meaning 'makes'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀμφοτέρωνof bothA1A GPMC · ἀμφότεροιgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀμφότεροι: meaning 'of both'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
14
βασιλέως ἐν ἀληθείᾳ κρίνοντος πτωχοὺς ὁ θρόνος αὐτοῦ εἰς μαρτύριον κατασταθήσεται
If a king judges the poor in truth, his throne will be established as a testimony.
Truthful royal judgment for the poor secures the throne more deeply than force does.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
βασιλέωςof a kingN3V GSM · βασιλεύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβασιλεύς: meaning 'of a king'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀληθείᾳtruthN1A DSF · ἀλήθειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κρίνοντοςjudgingV1 · παπγσμ κρίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγσμ κρίνω: meaning 'judging'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτωχοὺςpoor peopleN2 APM · πτωχόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπτωχός: meaning 'poor people'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρόνοςthroneN2 NSM · θρόνοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μαρτύριονtestimonyN2N ASN · μαρτύριονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμαρτύριον: meaning 'testimony'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κατασταθήσεταιwill be establishedVC FPI3S · ἵστημι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵστημι + κατα: meaning 'will be established'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
15
πληγαὶ καὶ ἔλεγχοι διδόασιν σοφίαν παῖς δὲ πλανώμενος αἰσχύνει γονεῖς αὐτοῦ
Blows and reproofs give wisdom, but a wandering child shames his parents.
Discipline is commended as formative, while ungoverned wandering brings familial shame.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πληγαὶblowsN1 NPF · πληγήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπληγή: meaning 'blows'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔλεγχοιreproofsN2 NPM · ἔλεγχοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεγχος: meaning 'reproofs'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
διδόασινgiveV8 PAI3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοφίανwisdomN1A ASF · σοφίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσοφία: meaning 'wisdom'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
παῖςchildN3D NSM · παῖςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπαῖς: meaning 'child'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πλανώμενοςwanderingV3 · πμπνσμ πλανάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ πλανάω: meaning 'wandering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἰσχύνειshamesV1 PAI3S · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processαἰσχύνω: meaning 'shames'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
γονεῖςparentsN3V APM · γονεύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγονεύς: meaning 'parents'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
πολλῶν ὄντων ἀσεβῶν πολλαὶ γίνονται ἁμαρτίαι οἱ δὲ δίκαιοι ἐκείνων πιπτόντων κατάφοβοι γίνονται
When the ungodly are many, sins become many; but when they fall, the righteous become fearful.
The social multiplication of wickedness breeds collective sin, and its collapse is a sobering sight even to the righteous.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πολλῶνof manyA1 GPM · πολύςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπολύς: meaning 'of many'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὄντωνbeingV9 · παπγπμ εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ εἰμί: meaning 'being'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσεβῶνungodlyA3H GPM · ἀσεβήςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀσεβής: meaning 'ungodly'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πολλαὶmanyA1 NPF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γίνονταιbecomeV1 PMI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτίαιsinsN1A NPF · ἁμαρτίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱthe onesRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιοιrighteousA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκείνωνthose onesRD GPM · ἐκεῖνοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐκείνων: meaning 'those ones'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πιπτόντωνfallingV1 · παπγπμ πίπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ πίπτω: meaning 'falling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατάφοβοιfearfulA1B NSM · κατάφοβοιnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκατάφοβοι: meaning 'fearful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
γίνονταιbecomeV1 PMI3P · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
17
παίδευε υἱόν σου καὶ ἀναπαύσει σε καὶ δώσει κόσμον τῇ ψυχῇ σου
Discipline your son, and he will give you rest and give adornment to your soul.
Parental discipline is commended not only for order but for the deep repose and beauty it yields.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
παίδευεdisciplineV1 PAD2S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαιδεύω: meaning 'discipline'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
υἱόνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναπαύσειhe will give restVF FAI3S · παύω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαύω + ἀνα: meaning 'he will give rest'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δώσειwill giveVF FAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι: meaning 'will give'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κόσμονadornmentN2 ASM · κόσμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκόσμος: meaning 'adornment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
οὐ μὴ ὑπάρξῃ ἐξηγητὴς ἔθνει παρανόμῳ ὁ δὲ φυλάσσων τὸν νόμον μακαριστός
There will by no means be an interpreter for a lawless nation, but he who keeps the law is blessed.
Lawless peoples lack reliable moral guidance, whereas law-keeping is called blessed.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴby no meansD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'by no means'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπάρξῃthere will beVA AAS3S · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'there will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξηγητὴςinterpreterN1M NSM · ἐξηγητήςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐξηγητής: meaning 'interpreter'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔθνειto a nationN3E DSN · ἔθνοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἔθνος: meaning 'to a nation'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
παρανόμῳlawlessA1B DSM · παράνομοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπαράνομος: meaning 'lawless'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὁthe oneRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φυλάσσωνkeepingV1 · παπνσμ φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ φυλάσσω: meaning 'keeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νόμονlawN2 ASM · νόμοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνόμος: meaning 'law'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μακαριστόςblessedA1 NSM · μακαριστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακαριστός: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
19
λόγοις οὐ παιδευθήσεται οἰκέτης σκληρός ἐὰν γὰρ καὶ νοήσῃ ἀλλ' οὐχ ὑπακούσεται
A harsh servant will not be instructed by words; for even if he understands, he will not obey.
The proverb distinguishes mere comprehension from obedient reception.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
λόγοιςwith wordsN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'with words'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παιδευθήσεταιwill be instructedVC FPI3S · παιδεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπαιδεύω: meaning 'will be instructed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἰκέτηςservantN1M NSM · οἰκέτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰκέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σκληρόςharshA1A NSM · σκληρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκληρός: meaning 'harsh'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandD · καίadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νοήσῃhe should understandVA AAS3S · νοέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyνοέω: meaning 'he should understand'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπακούσεταιwill obeyVF FMI3S · ἀκούω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀκούω + ὑπο: meaning 'will obey'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
ἐὰν ἴδῃς ἄνδρα ταχὺν ἐν λόγοις γίνωσκε ὅτι ἐλπίδα ἔχει μᾶλλον ἄφρων αὐτοῦ
If you see a man swift in words, know that a fool has more hope than he.
Hasty speech is treated as a stronger sign of folly than obvious foolishness itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἴδῃςyou should seeVB AAS2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὁράω: meaning 'you should see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταχὺνswiftA3U ASM · ταχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταχύς: meaning 'swift'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
λόγοιςwordsN2 DPM · λόγοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλόγος: meaning 'words'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
γίνωσκεknowV1 PAD2S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγιγνώσκω: meaning 'know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιthatC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλπίδαhopeN3D ASF · ἐλπίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐλπίς: meaning 'hope'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἔχειhasV1 PAI3S · ἔχωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἔχω: meaning 'has'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μᾶλλονmoreD · μᾶλλονadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμᾶλλον: meaning 'more'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄφρωνfoolA3N NSM · ἄφρωνnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄφρων: meaning 'fool'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦof himRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'of him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
ὃς κατασπαταλᾷ ἐκ παιδός οἰκέτης ἔσται ἔσχατον δὲ ὀδυνηθήσεται ἐφ' ἑαυτῷ
He who pampers a servant from childhood will in the end grieve over himself.
Indulgence without order in the household yields later pain.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατασπαταλᾷpampersV3 PAI3S · σπαταλάω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processσπαταλάω + κατα: meaning 'pampers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παιδόςchildhoodN3D GSM · παῖςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαῖς: meaning 'childhood'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
οἰκέτηςservantN1M NSM · οἰκέτηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοἰκέτης: meaning 'servant'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἔσταιwill beVF FMI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεἰμί: meaning 'will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔσχατονat lastA1 ASM · ἔσχατοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔσχατος: meaning 'at last'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀδυνηθήσεταιwill grieveVC FPI3S · ὀδυνάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀδυνάω: meaning 'will grieve'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐφ'overP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐφ': meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἑαυτῷhimselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἑαυτῷ: meaning 'himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
22
ἀνὴρ θυμώδης ὀρύσσει νεῖκος ἀνὴρ δὲ ὀργίλος ἐξώρυξεν ἁμαρτίας
An angry man digs up strife, but an irascible man has dug out sins.
Temper is pictured as excavating conflict and exposing deeper layers of sin.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θυμώδηςwrathfulA3H NSM · θυμώδηςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμώδης: meaning 'wrathful'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὀρύσσειdigs upV1 PAI3S · ὀρύσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὀρύσσω: meaning 'digs up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νεῖκοςstrifeN3E ASN · νεῖκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνεῖκος: meaning 'strife'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀργίλοςirascibleA1 NSM · ὀργίλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀργίλος: meaning 'irascible'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐξώρυξενhas dug outVAI AAI3S · ὀρύσσω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὀρύσσω + ἐκ: meaning 'has dug out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτίαςsinsN1A APF · ἁμαρτίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
ὕβρις ἄνδρα ταπεινοῖ τοὺς δὲ ταπεινόφρονας ἐρείδει δόξῃ κύριος
Insolence humbles a man, but the Lord supports the humble-minded with glory.
Pride lowers the person who bears it, while humble-mindedness is upheld by divine honor.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ὕβριςinsolenceN3I NSF · ὕβριςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕβρις: meaning 'insolence'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταπεινοῖhumblesV4 PAI3S · ταπεινόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processταπεινόω: meaning 'humbles'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοὺςthe onesRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταπεινόφροναςhumble-mindedN3N APM · ταπεινόφρωνaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταπεινόφρων: meaning 'humble-minded'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐρείδειsupportsV1 PAI3S · ἐρείδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἐρείδω: meaning 'supports'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δόξῃwith gloryN1S DSF · δόξαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδόξα: meaning 'with glory'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
24
ὃς μερίζεται κλέπτῃ μισεῖ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν ἐὰν δὲ ὅρκου προτεθέντος ἀκούσαντες μὴ ἀναγγείλωσιν
He who shares with a thief hates his own soul, and if, when an oath is set forth, they hear, they do not report it.
Complicity in theft and silence under oath are treated as forms of self-betrayal.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὃςwhoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μερίζεταιshares withV1 PMI3S · μερίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμερίζω: meaning 'shares with'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κλέπτῃthiefN1M DSM · κλέπτηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκλέπτης: meaning 'thief'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μισεῖhatesV2 PAI3S · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμισέω: meaning 'hates'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἑαυτοῦhis ownRD GSM · ἑαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἑαυτοῦ: meaning 'his own'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐὰνifC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅρκουof oathN2 GSM · ὅρκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅρκος: meaning 'of oath'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
προτεθέντοςbeing set forthVC · αππγσμ τίθημι + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππγσμ τίθημι + προ: meaning 'being set forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀκούσαντεςhearingVA · ααπνπμ ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἀκούω: meaning 'hearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀναγγείλωσινthey reportVA AAS3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'they report'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
φοβηθέντες καὶ αἰσχυνθέντες ἀνθρώπους ὑπεσκελίσθησαν ὁ δὲ πεποιθὼς ἐπὶ κύριον εὐφρανθήσεται ἀσέβεια ἀνδρὶ δίδωσιν σφάλμα ὃς δὲ πέποιθεν ἐπὶ τῷ δεσπότῃ σωθήσεται
Being afraid of and ashamed before men, they were tripped up; but he who has trusted in the Lord will rejoice. Ungodliness gives a snare to a man, but he who trusts in the Master will be saved.
Fear of human opinion is exposed as a stumbling block, while trust in the Lord and the Master is saving confidence.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
φοβηθέντεςhaving fearedVC · αππνπμ φοβέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνπμ φοβέω: meaning 'having feared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχυνθέντεςhaving been ashamed beforeVC · αππνπμ αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαππνπμ αἰσχύνω: meaning 'having been ashamed before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνθρώπουςmenN2 APM · ἄνθρωποςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'men'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπεσκελίσθησανthey were tripped upVSI API3P · σκελίζω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσκελίζω + ὑπο: meaning 'they were tripped up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁthe oneRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πεποιθὼςhaving trustedVX · χαπνσμ πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχαπνσμ πείθω: meaning 'having trusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶinP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
εὐφρανθήσεταιwill rejoiceVC FPI3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureεὐφραίνω: meaning 'will rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀσέβειαungodlinessN1A NSF · ἀσέβειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀσέβεια: meaning 'ungodliness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνδρὶto a manN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'to a man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
δίδωσινgivesV8 PAI3S · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processδίδωμι: meaning 'gives'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σφάλμαsnareN3M ASN · σφάλμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσφάλμα: meaning 'snare'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὃςhe whoRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'he who'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πέποιθενhas trustedVX XAI3S · πείθωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπείθω: meaning 'has trusted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶinP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεσπότῃMasterN1M DSM · δεσπότηςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδεσπότης: meaning 'Master'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σωθήσεταιwill be savedVC FPI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'will be saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
26
πολλοὶ θεραπεύουσιν πρόσωπα ἡγουμένων παρὰ δὲ κυρίου γίνεται τὸ δίκαιον ἀνδρί
Many court the faces of rulers, but what is right for a man comes from the Lord.
Human patronage is common, but true justice is located with the Lord rather than with influence.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
πολλοὶmanyA1 NPM · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θεραπεύουσινcourtV1 PAI3P · θεραπεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθεραπεύω: meaning 'court'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπαfacesN2N APN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'faces'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡγουμένωνof rulersV2 · πμπγπμ ἡγέομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπγπμ ἡγέομαι: meaning 'of rulers'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
παρὰfromP · παράpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπαρὰ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κυρίουLordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
γίνεταιcomes to beV1 PMI3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγίγνομαι: meaning 'comes to be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίκαιονright thingA1A ASN · δίκαιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'right thing'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνδρίfor manN3 DSM · ἀνήρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀνήρ: meaning 'for man'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
27
βδέλυγμα δικαίοις ἀνὴρ ἄδικος βδέλυγμα δὲ ἀνόμῳ κατευθύνουσα ὁδός
An unjust man is an abomination to the righteous, but to the lawless an upright way is an abomination.
The final proverb ends with mutual moral incompatibility: the righteous abhor injustice, and the lawless abhor the straight path.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δικαίοιςto righteous peopleA1A DPM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'to righteous people'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἀνὴρmanN3 NSM · ἀνήρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄδικοςunjustA1B NSM · ἄδικοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄδικος: meaning 'unjust'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
βδέλυγμαabominationN3M NSN · βδέλυγμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβδέλυγμα: meaning 'abomination'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
δὲbutX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνόμῳto the lawlessA1B DSM · ἄνομοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἄνομος: meaning 'to the lawless'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
κατευθύνουσαguiding straightV1 · παπνσφ εὐθύνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσφ εὐθύνω + κατα: meaning 'guiding straight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁδόςwayN2 NSF · ὁδόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.