1
τῷ Δαυιδ ἐπὶ τῶν ποταμῶν Βαβυλῶνος ἐκεῖ ἐκαθίσαμεν καὶ ἐκλαύσαμεν ἐν τῷ μνησθῆναι ἡμᾶς τῆς Σιων
For David. Upon the rivers of Babylon, there we sat and wept when we remembered Zion.
The psalm opens in diaspora grief, with memory of Zion triggering tears.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τῷὁRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδΔαυίδN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'Δαυίδ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνὁRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποταμῶνποταμόςN2 GPM · ποταμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποταμός: meaning 'ποταμός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΒαβυλῶνοςΒαβυλώνN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐκεῖἐκεῖD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'ἐκεῖ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκαθίσαμενἵζω + καταVAI AAI1P · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἵζω + κατα: meaning 'ἵζω + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶκαίC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'καί'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκλαύσαμενκλαίωVAI AAI1P · κλαίωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκλαίω: meaning 'κλαίω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνἐνP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'ἐν'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷὁRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνησθῆναιμιμνήσκωVS APN · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςἐγώRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῆςὁRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣιωνΣιωνN GSF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Σιων'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
ἐπὶ ταῖς ἰτέαις ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῆς ἐκρεμάσαμεν τὰ ὄργανα ἡμῶν
Upon the willows in her midst we hung up our instruments.
The silence of worship is enacted as the instruments are set aside.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐπὶἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ταῖςὁRA DPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingταῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἰτέαιςἰτέαN1A DPF · ἰτέαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἰτέα: meaning 'ἰτέα'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνἐνP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'ἐν'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέσῳμέσοςA1 DSM · μέσοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέσος: meaning 'μέσος'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῆςαὐτόςRP GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκρεμάσαμενκρεμάζωVAI AAI1P · κρεμάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρεμάζω: meaning 'κρεμάζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰὁRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄργαναὄργανονN2N APN · ὄργανονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄργανον: meaning 'ὄργανον'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡμῶνἐγώRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ὅτι ἐκεῖ ἐπηρώτησαν ἡμᾶς οἱ αἰχμαλωτεύσαντες ἡμᾶς λόγους ᾠδῶν καὶ οἱ ἀπαγαγόντες ἡμᾶς ὕμνον ᾄσατε ἡμῖν ἐκ τῶν ᾠδῶν Σιων
Because there those who took us captive asked us for words of songs, and those who carried us away asked for a hymn: Sing for us from the songs of Zion.
The captors' demand turns Zion's songs into an instrument of mockery.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
ὅτιὅτιC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'ὅτι'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκεῖἐκεῖD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'ἐκεῖ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπηρώτησανἐρωτάω + ἐπιVAI AAI3P · ἐρωτάω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐρωτάω + ἐπι: meaning 'ἐρωτάω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςἐγώRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱὁRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰχμαλωτεύσαντεςααπνπμ αἰχμαλωτεύωVA · ααπνπμ αἰχμαλωτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ αἰχμαλωτεύω: meaning 'ααπνπμ αἰχμαλωτεύω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςἐγώRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
λόγουςλόγοςN2 APM · λόγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationλόγος: meaning 'λόγος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ᾠδῶνᾠδήN1 GPF · ᾠδήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾠδή: meaning 'ᾠδή'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶκαίC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'καί'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱὁRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀπαγαγόντεςααπνπμ ἄγω + ἀποVB · ααπνπμ ἄγω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateααπνπμ ἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'ααπνπμ ἄγω + ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςἐγώRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὕμνονὕμνοςN2 ASM · ὕμνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕμνος: meaning 'ὕμνος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ᾄσατεᾄδωVA AAD2P · ᾄδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateᾄδω: meaning 'ᾄδω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνἐγώRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκἐκP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'ἐκ'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνὁRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾠδῶνᾠδήN1 GPF · ᾠδήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾠδή: meaning 'ᾠδή'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΣιωνΣιωνN GSF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Σιων'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
4
πῶς ᾄσωμεν τὴν ᾠδὴν κυρίου ἐπὶ γῆς ἀλλοτρίας
How shall we sing the song of the Lord upon a foreign land?
The exiles answer the demand with a question that marks sacred song as impossible in such a setting.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
πῶςπῶςD · πῶςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπῶς: meaning 'πῶς'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ᾄσωμενᾄδωVA AAS1P · ᾄδωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyᾄδω: meaning 'ᾄδω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνὁRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ᾠδὴνᾠδήN1 ASF · ᾠδήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationᾠδή: meaning 'ᾠδή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κυρίουκύριοςN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'κύριος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπὶἐπίP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'ἐπί'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
γῆςγῆN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'γῆ'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀλλοτρίαςἀλλότριοςA1A GSF · ἀλλότριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἀλλότριος: meaning 'ἀλλότριος'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
5
ἐὰν ἐπιλάθωμαί σου Ιερουσαλημ ἐπιλησθείη ἡ δεξιά μου
If I should forget you, O Jerusalem, may my right hand be forgotten.
The singer binds himself by oath to keep Jerusalem in memory.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ἐὰνἐάνC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'ἐάν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλάθωμαίλανθάνω + ἐπιVB AMS1S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'λανθάνω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημἸερουσαλήμN NSF · Ἰερουσαλήμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙερουσαλημ: meaning 'Ἰερουσαλήμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπιλησθείηλανθάνω + ἐπιVC APO3S · λανθάνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλανθάνω + ἐπι: meaning 'λανθάνω + ἐπι'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡὁRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιάδεξιόςA1A NSF · δεξιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεξιός: meaning 'δεξιός'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουἐγώRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
κολληθείη ἡ γλῶσσά μου τῷ λάρυγγί μου ἐὰν μή σου μνησθῶ ἐὰν μὴ προανατάξωμαι τὴν Ιερουσαλημ ἐν ἀρχῇ τῆς εὐφροσύνης μου
May my tongue cling to my throat if I do not remember you, if I do not set Jerusalem at the beginning of my gladness.
The vow deepens from hand to tongue, making worship itself depend on remembered Jerusalem.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
κολληθείηκολλάωVC APO3S · κολλάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκολλάω: meaning 'κολλάω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡὁRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλῶσσάγλῶσσαN1S NSF · γλῶσσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγλῶσσα: meaning 'γλῶσσα'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουἐγώRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῷὁRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λάρυγγίλάρυγξN3G DSM · λάρυγξdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceλάρυγξ: meaning 'λάρυγξ'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουἐγώRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐὰνἐάνC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'ἐάν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μήμήD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: meaning 'μή'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μνησθῶμιμνήσκωVS APS1S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐὰνἐάνC · ἐάνconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἐὰν: meaning 'ἐάν'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴμήD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'μή'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
προανατάξωμαιτάσσω + προ + ἀναVA AMS1S · τάσσω + προ + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyτάσσω + προ + ἀνα: meaning 'τάσσω + προ + ἀνα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνὁRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙερουσαλημἸερουσαλήμN ASF · Ἰερουσαλήμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙερουσαλημ: meaning 'Ἰερουσαλήμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνἐνP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'ἐν'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀρχῇἀρχήN1 DSF · ἀρχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀρχή: meaning 'ἀρχή'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςὁRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐφροσύνηςεὐφροσύνηN1 GSF · εὐφροσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'εὐφροσύνη'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουἐγώRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
μνήσθητι κύριε τῶν υἱῶν Εδωμ τὴν ἡμέραν Ιερουσαλημ τῶν λεγόντων ἐκκενοῦτε ἐκκενοῦτε ἕως ὁ θεμέλιος ἐν αὐτῇ
Remember, O Lord, the sons of Edom in the day of Jerusalem, those saying, Empty it, empty it, down to its foundation within her.
The prayer first calls on God to remember Edom's eager participation in Jerusalem's ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μνήσθητιμιμνήσκωVS APD2S · μιμνήσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateμιμνήσκω: meaning 'μιμνήσκω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριεκύριοςN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'κύριος'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τῶνὁRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱῶνυἱόςN2 GPM · υἱόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationυἱός: meaning 'υἱός'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ΕδωμΕδωμN GSM · Εδωμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΕδωμ: meaning 'Εδωμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνὁRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἡμέρανἡμέραN1A ASF · ἡμέραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἡμέρα: meaning 'ἡμέρα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ΙερουσαλημἸερουσαλήμN GSF · Ἰερουσαλήμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙερουσαλημ: meaning 'Ἰερουσαλήμ'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῶνὁRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λεγόντωνπαπγπμ λέγωV1 · παπγπμ λέγωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ λέγω: meaning 'παπγπμ λέγω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκκενοῦτεκενόω + ἐκV4 PAD2P · κενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'κενόω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκκενοῦτεκενόω + ἐκV4 PAD2P · κενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'κενόω + ἐκ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἕωςἕωςP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'ἕως'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὁὁRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεμέλιοςθεμέλιοςN2 NSM · θεμέλιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεμέλιος: meaning 'θεμέλιος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνἐνP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'ἐν'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇαὐτόςRP DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'αὐτός'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
θυγάτηρ Βαβυλῶνος ἡ ταλαίπωρος μακάριος ὃς ἀνταποδώσει σοι τὸ ἀνταπόδομά σου ὃ ἀνταπέδωκας ἡμῖν
Daughter of Babylon, the wretched one, blessed is whoever will repay you with the repayment that you repaid to us.
The focus shifts from remembered treachery to the coming answer against Babylon.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
θυγάτηρθυγάτηρN3 NSF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'θυγάτηρ'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ΒαβυλῶνοςΒαβυλώνN3W GSF · Βαβυλώνgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΒαβυλῶνος: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἡὁRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ταλαίπωροςταλαίπωροςA1B NSF · ταλαίπωροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceταλαίπωρος: meaning 'ταλαίπωρος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μακάριοςμακάριοςA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'μακάριος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςὅςRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνταποδώσειδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποVF FAI3S · δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureδίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'δίδωμι + ἀντι ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σοισύRP DS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσοι: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὸὁRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνταπόδομάἀνταπόδομαN3M ASN · ἀνταπόδομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνταπόδομα: meaning 'ἀνταπόδομα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὃὅςRR ASN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃ: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀνταπέδωκαςἀντι ἀποVAI AAPNSMDI/DWMI · ἀντι ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ participial qualificationἀντι ἀπο: meaning 'ἀντι ἀπο'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμῖνἐγώRP DP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἡμῖν: meaning 'ἐγώ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
μακάριος ὃς κρατήσει καὶ ἐδαφιεῖ τὰ νήπιά σου πρὸς τὴν πέτραν
Blessed is whoever will seize and dash your little ones against the rock.
The psalm ends with the terrible mirror of Babylon's violence returned upon itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
μακάριοςμακάριοςA1A NSM · μακάριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμακάριος: meaning 'μακάριος'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὃςὅςRR NSM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃς: meaning 'ὅς'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κρατήσεικρατέωVF FAI3S · κρατέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκρατέω: meaning 'κρατέω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶκαίC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'καί'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδαφιεῖἐδαφίζωVF2 FAI3S · ἐδαφίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἐδαφίζω: meaning 'ἐδαφίζω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰὁRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νήπιάνήπιοςA1A APN · νήπιοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνήπιος: meaning 'νήπιος'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουσύRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'σύ'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸςπρόςP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'πρός'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνὁRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πέτρανπέτραN1A ASF · πέτραaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπέτρα: meaning 'πέτρα'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.