1
εἰς τὸ τέλος ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀλλοιωθησομένων τῷ Δαυιδ
For the end, concerning those who shall be changed, for David.
The heading frames the psalm as a Davidic composition for liturgical use before the lament proper begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρforP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοιωθησομένωνthose who shall be changedVC · φππγπμ ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφππγπμ ἀλλοιόω: meaning 'those who shall be changed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
2
σῶσόν με ὁ θεός ὅτι εἰσήλθοσαν ὕδατα ἕως ψυχῆς μου
Save me, O God, because waters have come up to my soul.
The psalm opens with an urgent cry for rescue, immediately grounded in the image of floodwaters reaching the speaker's life.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
σῶσόνsaveVA AAD2S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήλθοσανcome inVBI AAI3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'come in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὕδαταwatersN3T ASN · ὕδωρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἕωςtoP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ψυχῆςlifeN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationψυχή: meaning 'life'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
ἐνεπάγην εἰς ἰλὺν βυθοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ὑπόστασις ἦλθον εἰς τὰ βάθη τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ καταιγὶς κατεπόντισέν με
I am stuck in deep mire, and there is no foothold; I came into the depths of the sea, and a storm overwhelmed me.
The watery danger becomes a drowning metaphor: mire, sea-depths, and storm all combine to picture utter instability.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐνεπάγηνI was stuckVDI API1S · πήγνυμι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπήγνυμι + ἐν: meaning 'I was stuck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἰλὺνmireN3U ASF · ἰλύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἰλύς: meaning 'mire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
βυθοῦof the deepN2 GSM · βυθόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβυθός: meaning 'of the deep'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστινthere isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'there is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπόστασιςrate / charge / standing-costN3I NSF · ὑπόστασιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὑπόστασις: meaning 'rate'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἦλθονthey cameVBI AAI1S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: meaning 'they came'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάθηdepthsN3E APN · βάθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβάθος: meaning 'depths'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταιγὶςstormN3D NSF · καταιγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαταιγίς: meaning 'storm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατεπόντισένoverwhelmedVAI AAI3S · ποντίζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποντίζω + κατα: meaning 'overwhelmed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ἐκοπίασα κράζων ἐβραγχίασεν ὁ λάρυγξ μου ἐξέλιπον οἱ ὀφθαλμοί μου ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐλπίζειν ἐπὶ τὸν θεόν μου
I grew weary crying out; my throat became hoarse; my eyes failed from hoping in my God.
The speaker describes bodily depletion from prolonged crying and waiting, showing that the prayer rises from sustained distress.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἐκοπίασαlaborVAI AAI1S · κοπιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκοπιάω: meaning 'labor'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κράζωνcrying outV1 · παπνσμ κράζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ κράζω: meaning 'crying out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐβραγχίασενbecame hoarseVAI AAI3S · βραγχιάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβραγχιάω: meaning 'became hoarse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λάρυγξthroatN3G NSM · λάρυγξnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλάρυγξ: meaning 'throat'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐξέλιπονhave failed / ceasedVBI AAI3P · λείπω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλείπω + ἐκ: meaning 'have failed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοίeyesN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eyes'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλπίζεινhopingV1 PAN · ἐλπίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementἐλπίζω: meaning 'hoping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
5
ἐπληθύνθησαν ὑπὲρ τὰς τρίχας τῆς κεφαλῆς μου οἱ μισοῦντές με δωρεάν ἐκραταιώθησαν οἱ ἐχθροί μου οἱ ἐκδιώκοντές με ἀδίκως ἃ οὐχ ἥρπασα τότε ἀπετίννυον
Those who hate me without cause multiplied beyond the hairs of my head; my enemies who drive me away unjustly grew strong; what I did not seize, then I was repaying.
Hostility is named as both causeless and overwhelming, and the verse adds the sting of having to repay for what was never stolen.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἐπληθύνθησανenlarge / multiplyVCI API3P · πληθύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπληθύνω: meaning 'enlarge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὲρforP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τρίχαςhairN3 APF · θρίξaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθρίξ: meaning 'hair'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κεφαλῆςheadN1 GSF · κεφαλήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισοῦντέςwho hateV2 · παπνπμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ μισέω: meaning 'who hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δωρεάνwithout cause / for nothingN1A ASF · δωρεάaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδωρεά: meaning 'without cause'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκραταιώθησανwere strengthenedVCI API3P · κραταιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκραταιόω: meaning 'were strengthened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροίenemiesN2 NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐκδιώκοντέςdriving awayV1 · παπνπμ διώκω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ διώκω + ἐκ: meaning 'driving away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀδίκωςunjustlyD · ἀδίκωςadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἀδίκως: meaning 'unjustly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἃwhichRR APN · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἃ: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἥρπασαI seizedVAI AAI1S · ἁρπάζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἁρπάζω: meaning 'I seized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τότεthenD · τότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastτότε: meaning 'then'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπετίννυονI paid / made restitutionV1I IAI3P · τιννύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτιννύω + ἀπο: meaning 'I paid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
6
ὁ θεός σὺ ἔγνως τὴν ἀφροσύνην μου καὶ αἱ πλημμέλειαί μου ἀπὸ σοῦ οὐκ ἐκρύβησαν
O God, you knew my foolishness, and my offenses were not hidden from you.
The psalmist admits his own folly before God, not to deny suffering, but to place the whole case under divine knowledge.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔγνωςdid you perceiveVZI AAI2S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγιγνώσκω: meaning 'did you perceive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀφροσύνηνfolly / outrageN1 ASF · ἀφροσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀφροσύνη: meaning 'folly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλημμέλειαίoffensesN1A NPF · πλημμέλειαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπλημμέλεια: meaning 'offenses'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκρύβησανthey hid themselvesVDI API3P · κρύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκρύπτω: meaning 'they hid themselves'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
7
μὴ αἰσχυνθείησαν ἐπ' ἐμοὶ οἱ ὑπομένοντές σε κύριε κύριε τῶν δυνάμεων μὴ ἐντραπείησαν ἐπ' ἐμοὶ οἱ ζητοῦντές σε ὁ θεὸς τοῦ Ισραηλ
Let not those who wait for you be put to shame because of me, O Lord, Lord of hosts; let not those who seek you be disgraced because of me, O God of Israel.
The prayer widens from personal pain to communal concern, asking that the singer's disgrace not become a stumbling block for those who wait for God.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἰσχυνθείησανlet them be put to shameVC APO3P · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰσχύνω: meaning 'let them be put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑπομένοντέςwaiting forV1 · παπνπμ μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ μένω + ὑπο: meaning 'waiting for'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
τῶνof theRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωνforces / armiesN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'forces'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐντραπείησανlet them be shamedVD APO3P · τρέπω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτρέπω + ἐν: meaning 'let them be shamed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοὶmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοὶ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζητοῦντέςseekingV2 · παπνπμ ζητέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ζητέω: meaning 'seeking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN GSM · Ἰσραήλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙσραηλ: meaning 'Israel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
8
ὅτι ἕνεκα σοῦ ὑπήνεγκα ὀνειδισμόν ἐκάλυψεν ἐντροπὴ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου
Because for your sake I endured reproach; shame covered my face.
The reproach is interpreted as suffering borne for God's sake, making the shame part of covenant loyalty rather than mere misfortune.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕνεκαfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκαpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκα: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὑπήνεγκαI could have enduredVAI AAI1S · φέρω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφέρω + ὑπο: meaning 'I could have endured'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὀνειδισμόνreproachN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκάλυψενcoveredVAI AAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω: meaning 'covered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐντροπὴshameN1 NSF · ἐντροπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐντροπή: meaning 'shame'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
9
ἀπηλλοτριωμένος ἐγενήθην τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου καὶ ξένος τοῖς υἱοῖς τῆς μητρός μου
I became estranged from my brothers and a foreigner to my mother's sons.
The cost of zeal includes estrangement even from kin, turning the lament inward toward family rejection.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἀπηλλοτριωμένοςhaving become alienatedVM · χππνσμ ἀλλοτριόω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσμ ἀλλοτριόω + ἀπο: meaning 'having become alienated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγενήθηνhave becomeVCI API1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'have become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀδελφοῖςbrotherN2 DPM · ἀδελφόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀδελφός: meaning 'brother'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ξένοςstranger / foreignerA1 NSM · ξένοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceξένος: meaning 'stranger'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
υἱοῖςsonN2 DPM · υἱόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μητρόςmotherN3 GSF · μήτηρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationμήτηρ: meaning 'mother'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
ὅτι ὁ ζῆλος τοῦ οἴκου σου κατέφαγέν με καὶ οἱ ὀνειδισμοὶ τῶν ὀνειδιζόντων σε ἐπέπεσαν ἐπ' ἐμέ
Because zeal for your house consumed me, and the reproaches of those who reproach you fell on me.
The singer explains his alienation by zeal for God's house and by absorbing insults aimed at God himself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ζῆλοςjealousyN2 NSM · ζῆλοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceζῆλος: meaning 'jealousy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἴκουhouseN2 GSM · οἶκοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατέφαγένconsumedVBI AAI3S · ἐσθίω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἐσθίω + κατα: meaning 'consumed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνειδισμοὶreproachesN2 NPM · ὀνειδισμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproaches'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνειδιζόντωνreproachingV1 · παπγπμ ὀνειδίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproaching'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπέπεσανthey fell uponVAI AAI3P · πίπτω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίπτω + ἐπι: meaning 'they fell upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμέmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμέ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
καὶ συνέκαμψα ἐν νηστείᾳ τὴν ψυχήν μου καὶ ἐγενήθη εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν ἐμοί
And I bowed down my soul with fasting, and it became a reproach to me.
Acts of fasting and self-abasement do not win sympathy; they become another occasion for mockery.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συνέκαμψαI bowed downVAI AAI1S · κάμπτω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκάμπτω + συν: meaning 'I bowed down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
νηστείᾳnesteiaN1A DSF · νηστείαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceνηστεία: meaning 'nesteia'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενήθηbe / becomeVCI API3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ὀνειδισμὸνreproachN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐμοίmeRP DS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestἐμοί: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
12
καὶ ἐθέμην τὸ ἔνδυμά μου σάκκον καὶ ἐγενόμην αὐτοῖς εἰς παραβολήν
And I made sackcloth my garment, and I became a byword to them.
Sackcloth, meant as a sign of grief, is received instead as material for ridicule and proverb.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐθέμηνI have put / takenVEI AMI1S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'I have put'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔνδυμάgarmentN3M ASN · ἔνδυμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔνδυμα: meaning 'garment'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σάκκονsackclothN2 ASM · σάκκοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσάκκος: meaning 'sackcloth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγενόμηνbe / becomeVBI AMI1S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristγίγνομαι: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παραβολήνproverbN1 ASF · παραβολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαραβολή: meaning 'proverb'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
13
κατ' ἐμοῦ ἠδολέσχουν οἱ καθήμενοι ἐν πύλῃ καὶ εἰς ἐμὲ ἔψαλλον οἱ πίνοντες τὸν οἶνον
Those who sit in the gate were talking against me, and those who drink wine were singing against me.
The attack spreads through public and social spaces, from the gate where leaders sit to the drinking songs of the careless.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
κατ'againstP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατ': meaning 'against'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμοῦmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἐμοῦ: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠδολέσχουνwere chatteringV2I IAI3P · ἀδολεσχέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processἀδολεσχέω: meaning 'were chattering'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθήμενοιπμπνπμ ημαι + καταV5 · πμπνπμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'πμπνπμ ημαι + κατα'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πύλῃgateN1 DSF · πύληdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπύλη: meaning 'gate'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἔψαλλονwere singingV1I IAI3P · ψάλλωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processψάλλω: meaning 'were singing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πίνοντεςdrinkingV1 · παπνπμ πίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ πίνω: meaning 'drinking'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἶνονwineN2 ASM · οἶνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationοἶνος: meaning 'wine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
ἐγὼ δὲ τῇ προσευχῇ μου πρὸς σέ κύριε καιρὸς εὐδοκίας ὁ θεός ἐν τῷ πλήθει τοῦ ἐλέους σου ἐπάκουσόν μου ἐν ἀληθείᾳ τῆς σωτηρίας σου
But as for me, my prayer is to you, O Lord, in a time of favor; O God, in the abundance of your mercy, answer me in the truth of your salvation.
Against the chorus of mockery, the speaker turns back toward God and appeals to the moment of divine favor and saving truth.
Word-by-word analysis· 25 words
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δὲnowX · δέadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδὲ: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχῇprayerN1 DSF · προσευχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πρὸςtoP · πρόςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingπρὸς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σέyouRP AS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσέ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
καιρὸςtime / seasonN2 NSM · καιρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαιρός: meaning 'time'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐδοκίαςof favorN1A GSF · εὐδοκίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationεὐδοκία: meaning 'of favor'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷto theRA DSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλήθειmultitudeN3E DSN · πλῆθοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐλέουςmercyN3E GSN · ἔλεοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπάκουσόνanswerVA AAD2S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀληθείᾳtruthN1A DSF · ἀλήθειαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceἀλήθεια: meaning 'truth'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίαςsalvationN1A GSF · σωτηρίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationσωτηρία: meaning 'salvation'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
σῶσόν με ἀπὸ πηλοῦ ἵνα μὴ ἐμπαγῶ ῥυσθείην ἐκ τῶν μισούντων με καὶ ἐκ τοῦ βάθους τῶν ὑδάτων
Save me from the mire, so that I may not sink; let me be delivered from those who hate me and from the deep waters.
The flood imagery returns, now cast as a direct plea to be pulled from mire, hatred, and deep waters.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
σῶσόνsaveVA AAD2S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσώζω: meaning 'save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πηλοῦmiryN2 GSM · πηλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπηλός: meaning 'miry'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμπαγῶI should sinkVD APS1S · πήγνυμι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyπήγνυμι + ἐν: meaning 'I should sink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ῥυσθείηνmay I be deliveredVC APO1S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateῥύομαι: meaning 'may I be delivered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μισούντωνthose who hateV2 · παπγπμ μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ μισέω: meaning 'those who hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βάθουςdepthN3E GSN · βάθοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβάθος: meaning 'depth'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὑδάτωνwatersN3T GPN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'waters'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
16
μή με καταποντισάτω καταιγὶς ὕδατος μηδὲ καταπιέτω με βυθός μηδὲ συσχέτω ἐπ' ἐμὲ φρέαρ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ
Let not a storm of water submerge me, nor let the deep swallow me up, nor let the pit shut its mouth over me.
Three parallel negatives ask that the waters, the abyss, and the pit each be forbidden from closing over the sufferer.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μήnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμή: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταποντισάτωlet submergeVA AAD3S · ποντίζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateποντίζω + κατα: meaning 'let submerge'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καταιγὶςstormN3D NSF · καταιγίςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκαταιγίς: meaning 'storm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὕδατοςwaterN3T GSN · ὕδωρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὕδωρ: meaning 'water'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καταπιέτωlet swallow upVB AAD3S · πίνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπίνω + κατα: meaning 'let swallow up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
βυθόςthe deepN2 NSM · βυθόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceβυθός: meaning 'the deep'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μηδὲnorC · μηδέconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastμηδὲ: meaning 'nor'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συσχέτωlet shutVB AAD3S · ἔχω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + συν: meaning 'let shut'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
φρέαρpitN3T ASN · φρέαρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφρέαρ: meaning 'pit'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
στόμαmouthN3M NSN · στόμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceστόμα: meaning 'mouth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
εἰσάκουσόν μου κύριε ὅτι χρηστὸν τὸ ἔλεός σου κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν σου ἐπίβλεψον ἐπ' ἐμέ
Hear me, O Lord, because your mercy is kind; according to the abundance of your compassions, look upon me.
The prayer now anchors itself explicitly in God's good mercy and abundant compassion.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
εἰσάκουσόνhearVA AAD2S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρηστὸνχρηστὸνA1 NSN · χρηστόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχρηστός: meaning 'χρηστὸν'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔλεόςmercyN3E NSN · ἔλεοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατὰby / according toP · κατάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingκατὰ: meaning 'by'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πλῆθοςmultitudeN3E ASN · πλῆθοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπλῆθος: meaning 'multitude'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκτιρμῶνcompassionsN2 GPM · οἰκτιρμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοἰκτιρμός: meaning 'compassions'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπίβλεψονlookVA AAD2S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐμέmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐμέ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
18
μὴ ἀποστρέψῃς τὸ πρόσωπόν σου ἀπὸ τοῦ παιδός σου ὅτι θλίβομαι ταχὺ ἐπάκουσόν μου
Do not turn your face away from your servant, because I am afflicted; quickly answer me.
The request narrows to God's face and presence: because the servant is pressed, the answer must come quickly.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστρέψῃςreturnedVA AAS2S · στρέφω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'returned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνface / presenceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παιδόςservantN3D GSM · παῖςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπαῖς: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θλίβομαιI am distressedV1 PMI1S · θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processθλίβω: meaning 'I am distressed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταχὺquicklyA3U ASN · ταχύςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταχύς: meaning 'quickly'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπάκουσόνanswerVA AAD2S · ἀκούω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀκούω + ἐπι: meaning 'answer'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
πρόσχες τῇ ψυχῇ μου καὶ λύτρωσαι αὐτήν ἕνεκα τῶν ἐχθρῶν μου ῥῦσαί με
Draw near to my soul and redeem it; because of my enemies rescue me.
Nearness, redemption, and rescue are gathered together as the fitting answer to enemy pressure.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
πρόσχεςechoprosVA AAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'echopros'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχῇsoulN1 DSF · ψυχήdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
λύτρωσαιredeemVA AMD2S · λυτρόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλυτρόω: meaning 'redeem'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕνεκαfor the sake ofP · ἕνεκαpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκα: meaning 'for the sake of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθρῶνenemyN2 GPM · ἐχθρόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ῥῦσαίrescueVA AMD2S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateῥύομαι: meaning 'rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
20
σὺ γὰρ γινώσκεις τὸν ὀνειδισμόν μου καὶ τὴν αἰσχύνην μου καὶ τὴν ἐντροπήν μου ἐναντίον σου πάντες οἱ θλίβοντές με
For you know my reproach and my shame and my disgrace; before you are all who afflict me.
The psalmist rests his case on God's full awareness of his shame and of the adversaries who surround him.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
γὰρforX · γάρadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γινώσκειςknowingV1 PAI2S · γιγνώσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processγιγνώσκω: meaning 'knowing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀνειδισμόνreproachN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
αἰσχύνηνshameN1 ASF · αἰσχύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐντροπήνdisgraceN1 ASF · ἐντροπήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐντροπή: meaning 'disgrace'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θλίβοντέςafflictingV1 · παπνπμ θλίβωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ θλίβω: meaning 'afflicting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
21
ὀνειδισμὸν προσεδόκησεν ἡ ψυχή μου καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν καὶ ὑπέμεινα συλλυπούμενον καὶ οὐχ ὑπῆρξεν καὶ παρακαλοῦντας καὶ οὐχ εὗρον
My soul expected reproach and misery; I waited for one to grieve with me, and there was none, and for comforters, and I found none.
The speaker expected sympathy in suffering but found none, which deepens the loneliness of the lament.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὀνειδισμὸνreproachN2 ASM · ὀνειδισμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀνειδισμός: meaning 'reproach'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
προσεδόκησενexpectedVAI AAI3S · δοκάω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδοκάω + προς: meaning 'expected'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχήsoul / lifeN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ταλαιπωρίανmiseryN1A ASF · ταλαιπωρίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationταλαιπωρία: meaning 'misery'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπέμειναunderVAI AAI1S · μένω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμένω + ὑπο: meaning 'under'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
συλλυπούμενονone grieving with meV2 · παπασμ λυπέω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπασμ λυπέω + συν: meaning 'one grieving with me'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπῆρξενhas there beenVAI AAI3S · ἄρχω + ὑποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἄρχω + ὑπο: meaning 'has there been'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
παρακαλοῦνταςcomfort / call nearV2 · παπαπμ καλέω + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπμ καλέω + παρα: meaning 'comfort'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐχnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐχ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὗρονI have foundVB AAI3P · εὑρίσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὑρίσκω: meaning 'I have found'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
22
καὶ ἔδωκαν εἰς τὸ βρῶμά μου χολὴν καὶ εἰς τὴν δίψαν μου ἐπότισάν με ὄξος
They gave gall for my food, and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.
The enemies answer hunger and thirst with gall and vinegar, turning basic need into deliberate cruelty.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδωκανgaveVAI AAI3P · δίδωμιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
βρῶμάfoodN3M ASN · βρῶμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationβρῶμα: meaning 'food'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
χολὴνgallN1 ASF · χολήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationχολή: meaning 'gall'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δίψανthirstN1S ASF · δίψαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδίψα: meaning 'thirst'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπότισάνthey gave to drinkVAI AAI3P · ποτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristποτίζω: meaning 'they gave to drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μεmeRP AS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceμε: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὄξοςvinegarN3E ASN · ὄξοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄξος: meaning 'vinegar'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
23
γενηθήτω ἡ τράπεζα αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν εἰς παγίδα καὶ εἰς ἀνταπόδοσιν καὶ εἰς σκάνδαλον
Let their table before them become a snare and a recompense and a stumbling block.
The petition turns outward in judgment, asking that what appears nourishing and secure for the enemies become a trap.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
γενηθήτωbecome / happenVC APD3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τράπεζαtableN1S NSF · τράπεζαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceτράπεζα: meaning 'table'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παγίδαsnareN3D ASF · παγίςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαγίς: meaning 'snare'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀνταπόδοσινreward / recompenseN3I ASF · ἀνταπόδοσιςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνταπόδοσις: meaning 'reward'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σκάνδαλονsnare / stumbling-blockN2N ASN · σκάνδαλονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationσκάνδαλον: meaning 'snare'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
24
σκοτισθήτωσαν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ αὐτῶν τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν καὶ τὸν νῶτον αὐτῶν διὰ παντὸς σύγκαμψον
Let their eyes be darkened so as not to see, and bend their back continually.
The prayer asks for blindness and disabling weakness, images of judgment that match their moral refusal to see.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
σκοτισθήτωσανlet be darkenedVS APD3P · σκοτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσκοτίζω: meaning 'let be darkened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀφθαλμοὶeyeN2 NPM · ὀφθαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὀφθαλμός: meaning 'eye'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
βλέπεινto seeV1 PAN · βλέπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementβλέπω: meaning 'to see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
νῶτονnotonN2N ASN · νῶτονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνῶτον: meaning 'noton'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
διὰthroughP · διάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingδιὰ: meaning 'through'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
παντὸςallA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σύγκαμψονbendVA AAD2S · κάμπτω + συνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκάμπτω + συν: meaning 'bend'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
25
ἔκχεον ἐπ' αὐτοὺς τὴν ὀργήν σου καὶ ὁ θυμὸς τῆς ὀργῆς σου καταλάβοι αὐτούς
Pour out your wrath upon them, and let the fury of your anger overtake them.
Divine anger is invoked directly, not as private vengeance, but as the just answering of persistent hostility.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἔκχεονpour outVA AAD2S · χέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργήνὀργήN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὀργή: meaning 'ὀργή'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυμὸςvenom / rageN2 NSM · θυμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυμός: meaning 'venom'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὀργῆςof angerN1 GSF · ὀργήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὀργή: meaning 'of anger'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καταλάβοιlet him overtakeVB AAO3S · λαμβάνω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateλαμβάνω + κατα: meaning 'let him overtake'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςitRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
26
γενηθήτω ἡ ἔπαυλις αὐτῶν ἠρημωμένη καὶ ἐν τοῖς σκηνώμασιν αὐτῶν μὴ ἔστω ὁ κατοικῶν
Let their encampment become desolate, and let there be no one dwelling in their tents.
The judgment envisioned is social and domestic: their dwelling place is to become empty and uninhabited.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
γενηθήτωbecome / happenVC APD3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'become'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἔπαυλιςlodgingN3I NSF · ἔπαυλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἔπαυλις: meaning 'lodging'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἠρημωμένηdesolateVM · χππνσφ ἐρημόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσφ ἐρημόω: meaning 'desolate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςto theRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκηνώμασινtentsN3M DPN · σκήνωμαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceσκήνωμα: meaning 'tents'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔστωbeV9 PAD3S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κατοικῶνinhabiting / who dwellsV2 · παπνσμ οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ οἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'inhabiting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
27
ὅτι ὃν σὺ ἐπάταξας αὐτοὶ κατεδίωξαν καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἄλγος τῶν τραυματιῶν σου προσέθηκαν
Because the one whom you struck, they pursued, and they added to the pain of your wounded ones.
The rationale for imprecation is that they pursue the one God has struck and intensify the pain of the already wounded.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὃνwhichRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπάταξαςyou struck downVAI AAI2S · πατάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπατάσσω: meaning 'you struck down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοὶtheyRD NPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτοὶ: meaning 'they'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατεδίωξανthey pursuedVAI AAI3P · διώκω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristδιώκω + κατα: meaning 'they pursued'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄλγοςalgosN3E ASN · ἄλγοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄλγος: meaning 'algos'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τραυματιῶνof the slain / woundedN1T GPM · τραυματίαςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationτραυματίας: meaning 'of the slain'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσέθηκανthey added / did againVHI AAI3P · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι + προς: meaning 'they added'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
28
πρόσθες ἀνομίαν ἐπὶ τὴν ἀνομίαν αὐτῶν καὶ μὴ εἰσελθέτωσαν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ σου
Add lawlessness to their lawlessness, and let them not enter into your righteousness.
The prayer asks that their own lawlessness accumulate and exclude them from participation in God's righteous order.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
πρόσθεςaddVE AAD2S · τίθημι + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateτίθημι + προς: meaning 'add'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνομίανiniquitiesN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀνομίανiniquitiesN1A ASF · ἀνομίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνομία: meaning 'iniquities'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσελθέτωσανlet them enterVB AAD3P · ἔρχομαι + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι + εἰς: meaning 'let them enter'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
29
ἐξαλειφθήτωσαν ἐκ βίβλου ζώντων καὶ μετὰ δικαίων μὴ γραφήτωσαν
Let them be blotted out of the book of the living, and let them not be written with the righteous.
The enemies are consigned outside the company of the living and the righteous by the imagery of deletion from the register.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἐξαλειφθήτωσανlet be blotted outVV APD3P · ἀλείφω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀλείφω + ἐκ: meaning 'let be blotted out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
βίβλουbookN2 GSF · βίβλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationβίβλος: meaning 'book'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ζώντωνliving onesV3 · παπγπμ ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπγπμ ζάω: meaning 'living ones'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δικαίωνrighteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γραφήτωσανlet them be writtenVD APD3P · γράφωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγράφω: meaning 'let them be written'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
30
πτωχὸς καὶ ἀλγῶν εἰμι ἐγώ καὶ ἡ σωτηρία τοῦ προσώπου σου ὁ θεός ἀντελάβετό μου
But I am poor and in pain, and your saving presence, O God, has upheld me.
After the imprecations, the voice returns to its own poverty and pain, confessing dependence on God's saving presence.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
πτωχὸςpoorN2 NSM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀλγῶνin painV2 · παπνσμ ἀλγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ἀλγέω: meaning 'in pain'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰμιbeV9 PAI1S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐγώIRP NS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἐγώ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σωτηρίαdeliveranceN1A NSF · σωτηρίαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσωτηρία: meaning 'deliverance'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀντελάβετόsupportedVBI AMI3S · λαμβάνω + ἀντιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλαμβάνω + ἀντι: meaning 'supported'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
31
αἰνέσω τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ μετ' ᾠδῆς μεγαλυνῶ αὐτὸν ἐν αἰνέσει
I will praise the name of God with a song; I will magnify him with praise.
The anticipated response to rescue is sung praise and the magnifying of God's name.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
αἰνέσωI will praiseVF FAI1S · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureαἰνέω: meaning 'I will praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαthe nameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'the name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦGodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετ'withP · μετάpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingμετ': meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ᾠδῆςsong / odeN1 GSF · ᾠδήgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationᾠδή: meaning 'song'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μεγαλυνῶμεγαλυνῶVF FAI1S · μεγαλύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureμεγαλύνω: meaning 'μεγαλυνῶ'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αἰνέσειaineseiN3I DSF · αἴνεσιςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceαἴνεσις: meaning 'ainesei'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
32
καὶ ἀρέσει τῷ θεῷ ὑπὲρ μόσχον νέον κέρατα ἐκφέροντα καὶ ὁπλάς
And this will please God more than a young calf bearing horns and hoofs.
Verbal praise is valued above costly animal offering, so thanksgiving becomes the truest sacrifice in this moment.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρέσειἀρέσωVF FAI3S · ἀρέσκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἀρέσκω: meaning 'ἀρέσω'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεῷGodN2 DSM · θεόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ὑπὲρforP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μόσχονbull / calfN2 ASM · μόσχοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationμόσχος: meaning 'bull'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
νέονyoungA1A ASM · νέοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationνέος: meaning 'young'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
κέραταhornN3T APN · κέραςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκέρας: meaning 'horn'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐκφέρονταbearingV1 · παπαπν φέρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπαπν φέρω + ἐκ: meaning 'bearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁπλάςopleN1 APF · ὁπλήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁπλή: meaning 'ople'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
33
ἰδέτωσαν πτωχοὶ καὶ εὐφρανθήτωσαν ἐκζητήσατε τὸν θεόν καὶ ζήσεται ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν
Let the poor see and be glad; seek God, and your soul shall live.
The singer invites the poor to read his deliverance as encouragement to seek God and find renewed life.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἰδέτωσανlet them seeVB AAD3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'let them see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πτωχοὶpoorN2 NPM · πτωχόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπτωχός: meaning 'poor'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφρανθήτωσανrejoiceVC APD3P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκζητήσατεinquire / seek outVA AAD2P · ζητέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateζητέω + ἐκ: meaning 'inquire'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ζήσεταιcame to lifeVF FMI3S · ζάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζάω: meaning 'came to life'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὴsoulN1 NSF · ψυχήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑμῶνyourRP GP · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationὑμῶν: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
34
ὅτι εἰσήκουσεν τῶν πενήτων ὁ κύριος καὶ τοὺς πεπεδημένους αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐξουδένωσεν
Because the Lord heard the poor, and he did not despise his own bound ones.
The reason the poor may hope is that the Lord actually hears the needy and refuses to despise his bound ones.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰσήκουσενhe listened / heededVAI AAI3S · ἀκούω + εἰςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω + εἰς: meaning 'he listened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πενήτωνof the needyN3T GPM · πένηςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπένης: meaning 'of the needy'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLORDN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'LORD'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πεπεδημένουςboundVM · χππαπμ πεδάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππαπμ πεδάω: meaning 'bound'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξουδένωσενdespised / set at naughtVA AAI3S · οὐδενόω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristοὐδενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'despised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
35
αἰνεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν οἱ οὐρανοὶ καὶ ἡ γῆ θάλασσα καὶ πάντα τὰ ἕρποντα ἐν αὐτοῖς
Let the heavens and the earth praise him, the sea and every creeping thing in them.
Praise expands beyond the poor to the whole created order, drawing heaven, earth, sea, and every living thing into response.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
αἰνεσάτωσανlet praiseVA AAD3P · αἰνέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰνέω: meaning 'let praise'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὸν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοὶheavensN2 NPM · οὐρανόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heavens'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆland / earthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
θάλασσαseaN1S NSF · θάλασσαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πάνταallA3 NPN · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἕρπονταcreepingV1 · παπνπν ἕρπωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπν ἕρπω: meaning 'creeping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῖςthemRD DPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτοῖς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
36
ὅτι ὁ θεὸς σώσει τὴν Σιων καὶ οἰκοδομηθήσονται αἱ πόλεις τῆς Ιουδαίας καὶ κατοικήσουσιν ἐκεῖ καὶ κληρονομήσουσιν αὐτήν
Because God will save Zion, and the cities of Judea will be built, and they shall dwell there and inherit her.
The psalm ends by widening from one sufferer to the restoration of Zion and the rebuilding of Judah's cities.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σώσειshall saveVF FAI3S · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'shall save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΣιωνZionN ASF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἰκοδομηθήσονταιthey shall be rebuiltVC FPI3P · οἰκοδομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκοδομέω: meaning 'they shall be rebuilt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πόλειςcitiesN3I NPF · πόλιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπόλις: meaning 'cities'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙουδαίαςJudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατοικήσουσινthey will inhabitVF FAI3P · οἰκέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureοἰκέω + κατα: meaning 'they will inhabit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐκεῖthereD · ἐκεῖadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastἐκεῖ: meaning 'there'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κληρονομήσουσινshall inheritVF FAI3P · κληρονομέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκληρονομέω: meaning 'shall inherit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
37
καὶ τὸ σπέρμα τῶν δούλων αὐτοῦ καθέξουσιν αὐτήν καὶ οἱ ἀγαπῶντες τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ κατασκηνώσουσιν ἐν αὐτῇ
And the offspring of his servants shall possess her, and those who love his name shall dwell in her.
The closing line seals the promise: God's servants and those who love his name will inherit and dwell in the restored land.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA NSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σπέρμαseed / offspringN3M NSN · σπέρμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλωνservantsN2 GPM · δοῦλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'servants'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καθέξουσινwill holdVF FAI3P · ἔχω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἔχω + κατα: meaning 'will hold'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαπῶντεςones lovingV3 · παπνπμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'ones loving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομαthe nameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'the name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κατασκηνώσουσινκατασκηνώσουσινVF FAI3P · σκηνόω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσκηνόω + κατα: meaning 'κατασκηνώσουσιν'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.