1
εἰς τὸ τέλος ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀλλοιωθησομένων μαρτύριον τῷ Ασαφ ψαλμὸς ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ἀσσυρίου
For the end, for those who are to be changed, a testimony for Asaph, a psalm concerning the Assyrian.
The heading frames the psalm for worship, associates it with Asaph, and signals a setting of threatened upheaval before the communal plea begins.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
τέλοςendN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationτέλος: meaning 'end'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ὑπὲρconcerningP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀλλοιωθησομένωνof those who are to be changedVC · φππγπμ ἀλλοιόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφππγπμ ἀλλοιόω: meaning 'of those who are to be changed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μαρτύριονtestimonyN2N NSN · μαρτύριονnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμαρτύριον: meaning 'testimony'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῷfor theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΑσαφAsaphN DSM · Ασαφadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΑσαφ: meaning 'Asaph'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ψαλμὸςpsalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceψαλμός: meaning 'psalm'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὑπὲρconcerningP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἈσσυρίουAssyrianN2 GSM · Ἀσσύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἈσσυρίου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
2
ὁ ποιμαίνων τὸν Ισραηλ πρόσχες ὁ ὁδηγῶν ὡσεὶ πρόβατα τὸν Ιωσηφ ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῶν χερουβιν ἐμφάνηθι
O shepherd of Israel, pay attention, you who guide Joseph like sheep, you who sit upon the cherubim, show yourself.
The prayer opens by piling up titles for God as shepherd, guide, and enthroned king, pressing him to become visibly present.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ποιμαίνωνshepherdingV1 · παπνσμ ποιμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ποιμαίνω: meaning 'shepherding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙσραηλIsraelN ASM · Ἰσραήλadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙσραηλ: meaning 'Israel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόσχεςgive heedVA AAD2S · ἔχω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔχω + προς: meaning 'give heed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδηγῶνguidingV2 · παπνσμ ὁδηγέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνσμ ὁδηγέω: meaning 'guiding'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡσεὶlikeC · ὡσείconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρόβαταsheepN2N APN · πρόβατονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόβατον: meaning 'sheep'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΙωσηφJosephN ASM · Ιωσηφadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΙωσηφ: meaning 'Joseph'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καθήμενοςsittingV5 · πμπνσμ ἧμαι + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνσμ ἧμαι + κατα: meaning 'sitting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χερουβινcherubimN GPN · χερουβείμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastχερουβιν: meaning 'cherubim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐμφάνηθιshow yourselfVZ AAD2S · φαίνω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφαίνω + ἐν: meaning 'show yourself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
3
ἐναντίον Εφραιμ καὶ Βενιαμιν καὶ Μανασση ἐξέγειρον τὴν δυναστείαν σου καὶ ἐλθὲ εἰς τὸ σῶσαι ἡμᾶς
Before Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh, stir up your dominion, and come to save us.
The named tribes evoke Israel's camp around the sanctuary and ask God to advance in power for their rescue.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΕφραιμEphraimN GSM · Εφράιμadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΕφραιμ: meaning 'Ephraim'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΒενιαμινBenjaminN GSM · Βενιαμίνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΒενιαμιν: meaning 'Benjamin'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ΜανασσηManassehN GSM · Μανασσήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΜανασση: meaning 'Manasseh'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξέγειρονstir upVA AAD2S · ἐγείρω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἐγείρω + ἐκ: meaning 'stir up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυναστείανmightN1A ASF · δυναστείαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδυναστεία: meaning 'might'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλθὲcomeVB AAD2S · ἔρχομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἔρχομαι: meaning 'come'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σῶσαιto saveVA AAN · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ infinitival complementσώζω: meaning 'to save'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ὁ θεός ἐπίστρεψον ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐπίφανον τὸ πρόσωπόν σου καὶ σωθησόμεθα
O God, restore us, and make your face shine, and we shall be saved.
This first occurrence of the refrain condenses the psalm's hope into conversion, divine favor, and deliverance.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπίστρεψονrestoreVA AAD2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'restore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίφανονmake shineVA AAD2S · φαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'make shine'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωθησόμεθαwe shall be savedVC FPI1P · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'we shall be saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
5
κύριε ὁ θεὸς τῶν δυνάμεων ἕως πότε ὀργίζῃ ἐπὶ τὴν προσευχὴν τοῦ δούλου σου
Lord God of hosts, how long will you be angry at the prayer of your servant?
The address intensifies from 'God' to 'Lord God of hosts' and asks why prayer itself seems to meet divine anger.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωνof hostsN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'of hosts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πότεwhenX · πότεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastπότε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὀργίζῃwill you be angryV1 PAS3S · ὀργίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyὀργίζω: meaning 'will you be angry'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσευχὴνprayerN1 ASF · προσευχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπροσευχή: meaning 'prayer'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δούλουservantN2 GSM · δοῦλοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδοῦλος: meaning 'servant'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
6
ψωμιεῖς ἡμᾶς ἄρτον δακρύων καὶ ποτιεῖς ἡμᾶς ἐν δάκρυσιν ἐν μέτρῳ
You will feed us bread of tears, and you will give us tears to drink by measure.
Food and drink are both replaced with tears, making sorrow feel measured out as the people's daily ration.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ψωμιεῖςyou will feedVF2 FAI2S · ψωμίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureψωμίζω: meaning 'you will feed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἄρτονbreadN2 ASM · ἄρτοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄρτος: meaning 'bread'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δακρύωνof tearsN3 GPN · δάκρυgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδάκρυ: meaning 'of tears'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ποτιεῖςyou will give to drinkVF FAI2S · ποτίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureποτίζω: meaning 'you will give to drink'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐνwithP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δάκρυσινtearsN3 DPN · δάκρυdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδάκρυ: meaning 'tears'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἐνwithP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
μέτρῳmeasureN2N DSN · μέτρονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμέτρον: meaning 'measure'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
7
ἔθου ἡμᾶς εἰς ἀντιλογίαν τοῖς γείτοσιν ἡμῶν καὶ οἱ ἐχθροὶ ἡμῶν ἐμυκτήρισαν ἡμᾶς
You have made us an object of contradiction to our neighbors, and our enemies mocked us.
Inner grief spills outward into social shame as neighbors dispute over them and enemies deride them.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἔθουyou madeVEI AMI2S · τίθημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτίθημι: meaning 'you made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἰςforP · εἰςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingεἰς: meaning 'for'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἀντιλογίανan object of contradictionN1A ASF · ἀντιλογίαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀντιλογία: meaning 'an object of contradiction'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γείτοσινneighborsN3N DPM · γείτωνdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγείτων: meaning 'neighbors'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὶenemiesN2 NPM · ἐχθρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐμυκτήρισανmockedVAI AAI3P · μυκτηρίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristμυκτηρίζω: meaning 'mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
κύριε ὁ θεὸς τῶν δυνάμεων ἐπίστρεψον ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐπίφανον τὸ πρόσωπόν σου καὶ σωθησόμεθα διάψαλμα
Lord God of hosts, restore us, and make your face shine, and we shall be saved. Interlude.
The refrain returns with a fuller divine title and closes the lament section with a marked pause.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωνof hostsN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'of hosts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπίστρεψονrestoreVA AAD2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'restore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίφανονmake shineVA AAD2S · φαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'make shine'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωθησόμεθαwe shall be savedVC FPI1P · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'we shall be saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διάψαλμαinterludeN3M NSN · διάψαλμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδιάψαλμα: meaning 'interlude'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
9
ἄμπελον ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετῆρας ἐξέβαλες ἔθνη καὶ κατεφύτευσας αὐτήν
You transplanted a vine out of Egypt; you drove out nations and planted it.
Israel is recast as a carefully moved vine whose establishment required God's displacement of other nations.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
ἄμπελονvineN2 ASF · ἄμπελοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐξout ofP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ΑἰγύπτουEgyptN2 GSF · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
μετῆραςyou transplantedVAI AAI2S · αἴρω + μεταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἴρω + μετα: meaning 'you transplanted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξέβαλεςyou drove outVBI AAI2S · βάλλω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβάλλω + ἐκ: meaning 'you drove out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεφύτευσαςyou plantedVAI AAI2S · φυτεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυτεύω + κατα: meaning 'you planted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
10
ὡδοποίησας ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῆς καὶ κατεφύτευσας τὰς ῥίζας αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπλήσθη ἡ γῆ
You cleared the way before it, and you planted its roots, and the land was filled.
The image stresses deliberate preparation, deep rooting, and expansive fruitfulness under God's care.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ὡδοποίησαςyou cleared the wayVAI AAI2S · ὁδοποιέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁδοποιέω: meaning 'you cleared the way'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἔμπροσθενbeforeP · ἔμπροσθενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἔμπροσθεν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατεφύτευσαςyou plantedVAI AAI2S · φυτεύω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυτεύω + κατα: meaning 'you planted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ῥίζαςrootsN1S APF · ῥίζαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationῥίζα: meaning 'roots'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπλήσθηwas filledVSI API3S · πίμπλημιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristπίμπλημι: meaning 'was filled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆlandN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
11
ἐκάλυψεν ὄρη ἡ σκιὰ αὐτῆς καὶ αἱ ἀναδενδράδες αὐτῆς τὰς κέδρους τοῦ θεοῦ
Its shadow covered mountains, and its branches covered the cedars of God.
The vine's flourishing is exaggerated to cosmic scale, stretching from mountains to the great cedars.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐκάλυψενcoveredVAI AAI3S · καλύπτωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκαλύπτω: meaning 'covered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὄρηmountainsN3E APN · ὄροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
σκιὰshadowN1A NSF · σκιάnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσκιά: meaning 'shadow'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀναδενδράδεςbranchesN3D NPF · ἀναδενδράςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀναδενδράς: meaning 'branches'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κέδρουςcedarsN2 APF · κέδροςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκέδρος: meaning 'cedars'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
12
ἐξέτεινεν τὰ κλήματα αὐτῆς ἕως θαλάσσης καὶ ἕως ποταμοῦ τὰς παραφυάδας αὐτῆς
It stretched out its boughs as far as the sea, and its offshoots as far as the river.
Sea and river mark the vine's ideal extent, turning the metaphor into a memory of national breadth.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἐξέτεινενstretched outVAI AAI3S · τείνω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτείνω + ἐκ: meaning 'stretched out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κλήματαboughsN3M APN · κλῆμαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκλῆμα: meaning 'boughs'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἕωςuntilP · ἕωςpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕως: meaning 'until'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ποταμοῦriverN2 GSM · ποταμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationποταμός: meaning 'river'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραφυάδαςoffshootsN3D APF · παραφυάςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπαραφυάς: meaning 'offshoots'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
13
ἵνα τί καθεῖλες τὸν φραγμὸν αὐτῆς καὶ τρυγῶσιν αὐτὴν πάντες οἱ παραπορευόμενοι τὴν ὁδόν
Why did you tear down its fence, so that all who pass by the way pluck it?
The poem pivots from remembered nurture to bewilderment, accusing God of exposing what he once protected.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἵναwhyC · ἵναconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastἵνα: meaning 'why'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τίwhyRI ASN · τίςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceτί: meaning 'why'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καθεῖλεςyou tore downVBI AAI2S · αἱρέω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristαἱρέω + κατα: meaning 'you tore down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
φραγμὸνfenceN2 ASM · φραγμόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationφραγμός: meaning 'fence'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτῆςitsRD GSF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῆς: meaning 'its'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τρυγῶσινpluckV3 PAI3P · τρυγάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processτρυγάω: meaning 'pluck'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
παραπορευόμενοιpassing byV1 · πμπνπμ πορεύομαι + παραverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ πορεύομαι + παρα: meaning 'passing by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁδόνwayN2 ASF · ὁδόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὁδός: meaning 'way'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
14
ἐλυμήνατο αὐτὴν σῦς ἐκ δρυμοῦ καὶ μονιὸς ἄγριος κατενεμήσατο αὐτήν
A boar from the forest ravaged it, and a wild beast fed on it.
Predatory imagery completes the collapse of the vineyard's security and makes the threat feel both chaotic and defiling.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐλυμήνατοravagedVAI AMI3S · λυμαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristλυμαίνω: meaning 'ravaged'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὴνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτὴν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
σῦςboarN3 NSM · σῦςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceσῦς: meaning 'boar'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
δρυμοῦforestN2 GSM · δρυμόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδρυμός: meaning 'forest'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μονιὸςsolitary beastA1B NSM · μονιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceμονιός: meaning 'solitary beast'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἄγριοςwildA1A NSM · ἄγριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγριος: meaning 'wild'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατενεμήσατοfed onVAI AMI3S · νέμω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristνέμω + κατα: meaning 'fed on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
15
ὁ θεὸς τῶν δυνάμεων ἐπίστρεψον δή ἐπίβλεψον ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ ἰδὲ καὶ ἐπίσκεψαι τὴν ἄμπελον ταύτην
O God of hosts, turn back now; look down from heaven and see, and visit this vine.
The address resumes with urgency, asking God to reverse distance by seeing and personally attending to the vine.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωνof hostsN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'of hosts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπίστρεψονrestoreVA AAD2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'restore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δήnowX · δήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastδή: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίβλεψονlook downVA AAD2S · βλέπω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateβλέπω + ἐπι: meaning 'look down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐξout ofP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐξ: meaning 'out of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
οὐρανοῦheavenN2 GSM · οὐρανόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἰδὲseeVB AAD2S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίσκεψαιvisitVA AMD2S · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'visit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄμπελονvineN2 ASF · ἄμπελοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἄμπελος: meaning 'vine'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ταύτηνthisRD ASF · οὗτοςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceταύτην: meaning 'this'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
16
καὶ κατάρτισαι αὐτήν ἣν ἐφύτευσεν ἡ δεξιά σου καὶ ἐπὶ υἱὸν ἀνθρώπου ὃν ἐκραταίωσας σεαυτῷ
And restore it, which your right hand planted, even the son of man whom you strengthened for yourself.
The plea joins the vine to a representative 'son of man,' stressing that the community's existence depends on what God's own hand established.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατάρτισαιrestoreVA AMD2S · ἀρτίζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀρτίζω + κατα: meaning 'restore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτήνitRD ASF · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτήν: meaning 'it'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἣνwhichRR ASF · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἣν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐφύτευσενplantedVAI AAI3S · φυτεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφυτεύω: meaning 'planted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δεξιάright handA1A NSF · δεξιόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρώπουof manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'of man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκραταίωσαςyou strengthenedVAI AAI2S · κραταίοωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκραταίοω: meaning 'you strengthened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
17
ἐμπεπυρισμένη πυρὶ καὶ ἀνεσκαμμένη ἀπὸ ἐπιτιμήσεως τοῦ προσώπου σου ἀπολοῦνται
Burned with fire and dug down, they will perish at the rebuke of your face.
The ruined condition of the vine is read in relation to divine rebuke, where destructive fire and uprooting reveal judgment at work.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
ἐμπεπυρισμένηburnedVT · χππνσφ πυρίζω + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσφ πυρίζω + ἐν: meaning 'burned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πυρὶwith fireN3 DSN · πῦρdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceπῦρ: meaning 'with fire'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀνεσκαμμένηdug upVP · χππνσφ σκάπτω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateχππνσφ σκάπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'dug up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἐπιτιμήσεωςrebukeN3I GSF · ἐπιτίμησιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἐπιτίμησις: meaning 'rebuke'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἀπολοῦνταιthey will perishVF2 FMI3P · ὀλλύω + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureὀλλύω + ἀπο: meaning 'they will perish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
18
γενηθήτω ἡ χείρ σου ἐπ' ἄνδρα δεξιᾶς σου καὶ ἐπὶ υἱὸν ἀνθρώπου ὃν ἐκραταίωσας σεαυτῷ
Let your hand be upon the man of your right hand, and upon the son of man whom you strengthened for yourself.
The closing petitions focus on a human figure upheld by God's right hand as the means of communal restoration.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
γενηθήτωlet there beVC APD3S · γίγνομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateγίγνομαι: meaning 'let there be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
χείρhandN3 NSF · χείρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
δεξιᾶςright handA1A GSF · δεξιόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδεξιός: meaning 'right hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
υἱὸνsonN2 ASM · υἱόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationυἱός: meaning 'son'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἀνθρώπουof manN2 GSM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἄνθρωπος: meaning 'of man'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceὃν: meaning 'whom'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκραταίωσαςyou strengthenedVAI AAI2S · κραταίοωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristκραταίοω: meaning 'you strengthened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεαυτῷfor yourselfRD DSM · σεαυτοῦpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestσεαυτῷ: meaning 'for yourself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
19
καὶ οὐ μὴ ἀποστῶμεν ἀπὸ σοῦ ζωώσεις ἡμᾶς καὶ τὸ ὄνομά σου ἐπικαλεσόμεθα
And we will never depart from you; you will give us life, and we will call upon your name.
Life granted by God will answer in steadfast loyalty and public invocation of the divine name.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴsurely notD · μήadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastμὴ: meaning 'surely not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποστῶμενwe may departVH AAS1P · ἵστημι + ἀποverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'we may depart'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
σοῦyouRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσοῦ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ζωώσειςyou will give lifeVF FAI2S · ζωόωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureζωόω: meaning 'you will give life'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐπικαλεσόμεθαwe will call uponVF FMI1P · καλέω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureκαλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'we will call upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
20
κύριε ὁ θεὸς τῶν δυνάμεων ἐπίστρεψον ἡμᾶς καὶ ἐπίφανον τὸ πρόσωπόν σου καὶ σωθησόμεθα
Lord God of hosts, restore us, and make your face shine, and we shall be saved.
The psalm ends by returning unchanged to the core plea, leaving hope fixed on restoration through God's shining face.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
κύριεLordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῶνtheRA GPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δυνάμεωνof hostsN3I GPF · δύναμιςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationδύναμις: meaning 'of hosts'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἐπίστρεψονrestoreVA AAD2S · στρέφω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateστρέφω + ἐπι: meaning 'restore'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐπίφανονmake shineVA AAD2S · φαίνω + ἐπιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateφαίνω + ἐπι: meaning 'make shine'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
πρόσωπόνfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σωθησόμεθαwe shall be savedVC FPI1P · σώζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureσώζω: meaning 'we shall be saved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.