1
τῷ Δαυιδ ὅτε ἡ γῆ αὐτοῦ καθίσταται ὁ κύριος ἐβασίλευσεν ἀγαλλιάσθω ἡ γῆ εὐφρανθήτωσαν νῆσοι πολλαί
Of David, when his land is being established. The Lord has become king; let the earth exult, let the many islands rejoice.
The superscription yields to an enthronement proclamation that summons the whole world to joy.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ΔαυιδDavidN DSM · Δαυίδadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΔαυιδ: meaning 'David'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὅτεwhenD · ὅτεadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτε: meaning 'when'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καθίσταταιis establishedVF FPI3S · ἵζω + καταverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureἵζω + κατα: meaning 'is established'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐβασίλευσενhas become kingVAI AAI3S · βασιλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristβασιλεύω: meaning 'has become king'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀγαλλιάσθωlet ... exultV3 PMD3S · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'let ... exult'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
εὐφρανθήτωσανlet ... rejoiceVC APD3P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateεὐφραίνω: meaning 'let ... rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
νῆσοιislandsN2 NPF · νήσοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνήσος: meaning 'islands'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
πολλαίmanyA1 NPF · πολύςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπολύς: meaning 'many'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
2
νεφέλη καὶ γνόφος κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ δικαιοσύνη καὶ κρίμα κατόρθωσις τοῦ θρόνου αὐτοῦ
Cloud and thick darkness are all around him; righteousness and judgment are the foundation of his throne.
The psalm describes the hidden majesty and moral stability of the divine throne.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
νεφέληcloudN1 NSF · νεφέληnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceνεφέλη: meaning 'cloud'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνόφοςthick darknessN2 NSM · γνόφοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγνόφος: meaning 'thick darkness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κύκλῳround aboutN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'round about'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M NSN · κρίμαnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
κατόρθωσιςfoundationN3I NSF · κατόρθωσιςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκατόρθωσις: meaning 'foundation'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θρόνουthroneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationθρόνος: meaning 'throne'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
3
πῦρ ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ προπορεύσεται καὶ φλογιεῖ κύκλῳ τοὺς ἐχθροὺς αὐτοῦ
Fire will go before him, and it will burn his enemies round about.
The theophany advances into active judgment against every hostile power.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
πῦρfireN3 ASN · πῦρaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπῦρ: meaning 'fire'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
ἐναντίονbeforeP · ἐναντίονpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐναντίον: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προπορεύσεταιwill go beforeVF FMI3S · πορεύομαι + προverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureπορεύομαι + προ: meaning 'will go before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φλογιεῖwill burnVF2 FAI3S · φλογίζωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureφλογίζω: meaning 'will burn'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύκλῳround aboutN2 DSM · κύκλοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύκλος: meaning 'round about'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐχθροὺςenemiesN2 APM · ἐχθρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationἐχθρός: meaning 'enemies'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
4
ἔφαναν αἱ ἀστραπαὶ αὐτοῦ τῇ οἰκουμένῃ εἶδεν καὶ ἐσαλεύθη ἡ γῆ
His lightnings flashed into the inhabited world; the earth saw and trembled.
The divine manifestation becomes visible globally and throws the earth into trembling response.
Word-by-word analysis· 11 words
ἔφανανflashed forthVZI AAI3P · φαίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristφαίνω: meaning 'flashed forth'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀστραπαὶlightningsN1 NPF · ἀστραπήnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἀστραπή: meaning 'lightnings'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οἰκουμένῃinhabited worldV2 · πμπδσφ οἰκέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπδσφ οἰκέω: meaning 'inhabited world'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἶδενsawVBI AAI3S · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐσαλεύθηwas shakenVCI API3S · σαλεύωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristσαλεύω: meaning 'was shaken'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
5
τὰ ὄρη ἐτάκησαν ὡσεὶ κηρὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου ἀπὸ προσώπου κυρίου πάσης τῆς γῆς
The mountains melted like wax from before the Lord, from before the Lord of all the earth.
Even the most stable features of creation dissolve before the universal Lord.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
τὰtheRA NPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὄρηmountainsN3E NPN · ὄροςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐτάκησανmeltedVAI AAI3P · τήκωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτήκω: meaning 'melted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὡσεὶlikeX · ὡσείadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastὡσεὶ: meaning 'like'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κηρὸςwaxN2 NSM · κηρόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκηρός: meaning 'wax'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀπὸfrom beforeP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουthe presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'the presence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἀπὸfrom beforeP · ἀπόpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἀπὸ: meaning 'from before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
προσώπουthe presenceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπρόσωπον: meaning 'the presence'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
πάσηςof allA1S GSF · πᾶςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationπᾶς: meaning 'of all'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆςγῆςN1 GSF · γῆgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationγῆ: meaning 'γῆς'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
6
ἀνήγγειλαν οἱ οὐρανοὶ τὴν δικαιοσύνην αὐτοῦ καὶ εἴδοσαν πάντες οἱ λαοὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ
The heavens proclaimed his righteousness, and all the peoples saw his glory.
Heaven and humanity together bear witness to the Lord's righteous glory.
Word-by-word analysis· 14 words
ἀνήγγειλανproclaimedVAI AAI3P · ἀγγέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγγέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'proclaimed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
οὐρανοὶheavensN2 NPM · οὐρανόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceοὐρανός: meaning 'heavens'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἴδοσανsawVBI AAI3P · ὁράωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὁράω: meaning 'saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
λαοὶpeoplesN2 NPM · λαόςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
7
αἰσχυνθήτωσαν πάντες οἱ προσκυνοῦντες τοῖς γλυπτοῖς οἱ ἐγκαυχώμενοι ἐν τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν προσκυνήσατε αὐτῷ πάντες οἱ ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ
Let all who worship carved images be put to shame, those who boast in their idols; worship him, all his angels.
False worship is exposed and the heavenly host is summoned to render true homage.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
αἰσχυνθήτωσανlet ... be put to shameVC APD3P · αἰσχύνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateαἰσχύνω: meaning 'let ... be put to shame'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
προσκυνοῦντεςworshipingV2 · παπνπμ κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ κυνέω + προς: meaning 'worshiping'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γλυπτοῖςcarved imagesA1 DPM · γλυπτόςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceγλυπτός: meaning 'carved images'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἐγκαυχώμενοιboastingV1 · πμπνπμ καυχάομαι + ἐνverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπμπνπμ καυχάομαι + ἐν: meaning 'boasting'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εἰδώλοιςidolsN2N DPN · εἴδωλονdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεἴδωλον: meaning 'idols'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
προσκυνήσατεworshipVA AAD2P · κυνέω + προςverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateκυνέω + προς: meaning 'worship'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτῷhimRD DSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant reference or interestαὐτῷ: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
πάντεςallA3 NPM · πᾶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἄγγελοιangelsN2 NPM · ἄγγελοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceἄγγελος: meaning 'angels'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
8
ἤκουσεν καὶ εὐφράνθη Σιων καὶ ἠγαλλιάσαντο αἱ θυγατέρες τῆς Ιουδαίας ἕνεκεν τῶν κριμάτων σου κύριε
Zion heard and rejoiced, and the daughters of Judea exulted because of your judgments, O Lord.
The Lord's judgments produce covenant joy in Zion and the towns of Judah.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
ἤκουσενheardVAI AAI3S · ἀκούωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀκούω: meaning 'heard'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εὐφράνθηrejoicedVC API3S · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoiced'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ΣιωνZionN NSF · Σιωνadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastΣιων: meaning 'Zion'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἠγαλλιάσαντοexultedVAI AMI3P · ἀγαλλιάομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristἀγαλλιάομαι: meaning 'exulted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
Ιουδαίαςof JudeaN1A GSF · Ἰουδαίαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationΙουδαίας: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἕνεκενbecause ofP · ἕνεκενpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἕνεκεν: meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῶνof theRA GPN · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κριμάτωνjudgmentsN3M GPN · κρίμαgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
σουyourRP GS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ direct addressκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.
9
ὅτι σὺ εἶ κύριος ὁ ὕψιστος ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν σφόδρα ὑπερυψώθης ὑπὲρ πάντας τοὺς θεούς
For you are the Lord, the Most High over all the earth; you have been greatly exalted above all gods.
Zion's joy rests on the Lord's unrivaled supremacy over the world and every so-called god.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
σὺyouRP NS · σύpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
εἶareV9 PAI2S · εἰμίverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processεἰμί: meaning 'are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὕψιστοςMost HighA1 NSM · ὕψιστοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceὕψιστος: meaning 'Most High'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πᾶσανallA1S ASF · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὴν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
γῆνearthN1 ASF · γῆaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
σφόδραgreatlyD · σφόδραadverbial or particle element shaping the clause or phrase→ discourse linkage or contrastσφόδρα: meaning 'greatly'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὑπερυψώθηςhave been exaltedVCI API2S · ὑψόω + ὑπερverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristὑψόω + ὑπερ: meaning 'have been exalted'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπὲρaboveP · ὑπέρpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingὑπὲρ: meaning 'above'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
θεούςgodsN2 APM · θεόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationθεός: meaning 'gods'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
10
οἱ ἀγαπῶντες τὸν κύριον μισεῖτε πονηρόν φυλάσσει κύριος τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ὁσίων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς ἁμαρτωλῶν ῥύσεται αὐτούς
You who love the Lord, hate evil. The Lord guards the souls of his holy ones; from the hand of sinners he will rescue them.
The hymn turns from praise to moral exhortation, grounding obedience in the Lord's preserving care.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingοἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἀγαπῶντεςlovingV3 · παπνπμ ἀγαπάωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ verbal action or stateπαπνπμ ἀγαπάω: meaning 'loving'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
μισεῖτεhateV2 PAI2P · μισέωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processμισέω: meaning 'hate'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πονηρόνevilA1A ASM · πονηρόςaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
φυλάσσειguardsV1 PAI3S · φυλάσσωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processφυλάσσω: meaning 'guards'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτὰς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ψυχὰςsoulsN1 APF · ψυχήaccusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal→ object specificationψυχή: meaning 'souls'; it serves as accusative element functioning as object, extent, or goal.
τῶνof theRA GPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ὁσίωνholy onesA1A GPM · ὅσιοςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationὅσιος: meaning 'holy ones'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
ἐκfromP · ἐκpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐκ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
χειρὸςhandN3 GSF · χείρgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ἁμαρτωλῶνsinnersA1B GPM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinners'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
ῥύσεταιwill rescueVF FMI3S · ῥύομαιverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ futureῥύομαι: meaning 'will rescue'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ participant referenceαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.
11
φῶς ἀνέτειλεν τῷ δικαίῳ καὶ τοῖς εὐθέσι τῇ καρδίᾳ εὐφροσύνη
Light has dawned for the righteous, and gladness for the upright in heart.
The righteous are assured that divine light and joy are already prepared for them.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
φῶςlightN3T NSN · φῶςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceφῶς: meaning 'light'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἀνέτειλενhas dawnedVAI AAI3S · τέλλω + ἀναverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ constative aoristτέλλω + ἀνα: meaning 'has dawned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
δικαίῳfor the righteousA1A DSM · δίκαιοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceδίκαιος: meaning 'for the righteous'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
εὐθέσιfor the uprightA3U DPM · εὐθύςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceεὐθύς: meaning 'for the upright'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
καρδίᾳin heartN1A DSF · καρδίαdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκαρδία: meaning 'in heart'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
εὐφροσύνηgladnessN1 NSF · εὐφροσύνηnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceεὐφροσύνη: meaning 'gladness'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
12
εὐφράνθητε δίκαιοι ἐπὶ τῷ κυρίῳ καὶ ἐξομολογεῖσθε τῇ μνήμῃ τῆς ἁγιωσύνης αὐτοῦ
Rejoice in the Lord, O righteous, and give thanks at the remembrance of his holiness.
The psalm closes by turning assurance into liturgical thanksgiving.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
εὐφράνθητεrejoiceVC APS2P · εὐφραίνωverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ subjunctive contingencyεὐφραίνω: meaning 'rejoice'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιοιrighteous onesA1A NPM · δίκαιοςnominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ participant prominenceδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous ones'; it serves as nominative element functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.
ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition governing its complement phrase→ spatial or relational framingἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition governing its complement phrase.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
κυρίῳin the LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceκύριος: meaning 'in the Lord'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
καὶandC · καίconnective or conjunction linking the clause to its context→ discourse linkage or contrastκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξομολογεῖσθεgive thanksV2 PMI2P · ὁμολογέω + ἐκverbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ ongoing verbal processὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'give thanks'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal form carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τῇto theRA DSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
μνήμῃat the remembranceN1 DSF · μνήμηdative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient→ sphere or referenceμνήμη: meaning 'at the remembrance'; it serves as dative nominal element marking relation, instrument, sphere, or recipient.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁarticle marking the following noun phrase→ noun-phrase markingτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.
ἁγιωσύνηςof holinessN1 GSF · ἁγιωσύνηgenitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality→ relational specificationἁγιωσύνη: meaning 'of holiness'; it serves as genitive nominal element defining relation, possession, source, or quality.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςpronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause→ relational specificationαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as pronominal form marking person, reference, or participant role within the clause.