1
ἐν τῷ ὑπερηφανεύεσθαι τὸν ἁμαρτωλὸν ἐν κριῷ κατέβαλε τείχη ὀχυρά καὶ οὐκ ἐκώλυσας
When the sinner grew proud with the battering-ram, he cast down strong walls, and you did not hinder him.
The poem begins by recalling the invader's success as something permitted within God's judicial governance rather than outside it.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τῷto theRA DSN · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὑπερηφανεύεσθαιbecoming proudV1 PMN · ἠφανεύομαι + ὑπερinfinitival or participial verbal form expressing verbal idea, manner, or attendant action→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἠφανεύομαι + ὑπερ: meaning 'becoming proud'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival or participial verbal form expressing verbal idea, manner, or attendant action.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἁμαρτωλὸνthe sinnerA1B ASM · ἁμαρτωλόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'the sinner'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
κριῷwith a battering-ramN2 DSM · κριόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκριός: meaning 'with a battering-ram'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
κατέβαλεhe cast downVBI AAI3S · βάλλω + καταfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβάλλω + κατα: meaning 'he cast down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τείχηwallsN3E APN · τεῖχοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsτεῖχος: meaning 'walls'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ὀχυράstrongA1A APN · ὀχυρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὀχυρός: meaning 'strong'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐκώλυσαςyou hinderedVAI AAI2S · κωλύωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκωλύω: meaning 'you hindered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
2
ἀνέβησαν ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριόν σου ἔθνη ἀλλότρια κατεπατοῦσαν ἐν ὑποδήμασιν αὐτῶν ἐν ὑπερηφανίᾳ
Foreign nations went up upon your altar; in their pride they trampled it with their sandals.
The outrage is centered on the altar itself, so that military conquest is presented as sacrilegious profanation.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἀνέβησανthey went upVZI AAI3P · βαίνω + ἀναfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβαίνω + ἀνα: meaning 'they went up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
θυσιαστήριόνaltarN2N ASN · θυσιαστήριονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθυσιαστήριον: meaning 'altar'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἀλλότριαforeignA1A APN · ἀλλότριοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
κατεπατοῦσανthey trampledVAI AAI3P · ἀπατέω + καταfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀπατέω + κατα: meaning 'they trampled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ὑποδήμασινwith sandalsN3M DPN · ὑπόδημαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὑπόδημα: meaning 'with sandals'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ὑπερηφανίᾳprideN1A DSF · ὑπερηφανίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὑπερηφανία: meaning 'pride'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
3
ἀνθ' ὧν οἱ υἱοὶ Ιερουσαλημ ἐμίαναν τὰ ἅγια κυρίου ἐβεβηλοῦσαν τὰ δῶρα τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν ἀνομίαις
Because the sons of Jerusalem had defiled the holy things of the Lord, they were profaning the gifts of God with lawless deeds.
Immediately interprets foreign violence as answering Jerusalem's own prior pollution of sacred things.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἀνθ'because ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀνθ': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ὧνwhich thingsRR GPM · ὅςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅς: meaning 'which things'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GS · Ἰερουσαλήμhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as helper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause.
ἐμίανανdefiledVAI AAI3P · μιαίνωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμιαίνω: meaning 'defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἅγιαholy thingsA1A APN · ἅγιοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἅγιος: meaning 'holy things'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐβεβηλοῦσανwere profaningVAI AAI3P · βεβηλόωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβεβηλόω: meaning 'were profaning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
δῶραgiftsN2N APN · δῶρονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδῶρον: meaning 'gifts'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἀνομίαιςwith lawless deedsN1A DPF · ἀνομίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀνομία: meaning 'with lawless deeds'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
4
ἕνεκεν τούτων εἶπεν ἀπορρίψατε αὐτὰ μακρὰν ἀπ' ἐμοῦ οὐκ εὐδοκῶ ἐν αὐτοῖς
Because of these things he said, 'Cast them far away from me; I take no pleasure in them.'
God's rejection falls on corrupted offerings and on the people whose worship had become defiled.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
ἕνεκενon account ofP · ἕνεκενpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἕνεκεν: meaning 'on account of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τούτωνthese thingsRD GPM · οὗτοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὗτος: meaning 'these things'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
εἶπενhe saidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἶπον: meaning 'he said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἀπορρίψατεcast awayVA AAI2P · ῥίπτω + ἀποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsῥίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'cast away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
αὐτὰthemRD APN · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτὰ: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
μακρὰνfar awayA1A ASF · μακρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμακρός: meaning 'far away'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἀπ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀπ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἐμοῦmeRP GS · ἐγώgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐγώ: meaning 'me'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
εὐδοκῶI delightV2 PAI1S · εὐδοκέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεὐδοκέω: meaning 'I delight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
αὐτοῖςin themRD DPM · αὐτόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῖς: meaning 'in them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
5
τὸ κάλλος τῆς δόξης αὐτῆς ἐξουθενώθη ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ ἠτιμώθη ἕως εἰς τέλος
The beauty of her glory was despised before God; she was dishonored completely.
Jerusalem's former splendor is reduced to shame as the visible outcome of divine judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E ASN · κάλλοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐξουθενώθηwas despisedVD API3S · οὐθενόω + ἐκfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐθενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'was despised'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἐνώπιονbeforeA1B ASM · ἐνώπιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἠτιμώθηwas dishonoredVD API3S · ἀτιμόωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀτιμόω: meaning 'was dishonored'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἕωςuntoC · ἕωςconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἕως: meaning 'unto'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τέλοςthe endN3E ASN · τέλοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsτέλος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
6
οἱ υἱοὶ καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ πονηρᾷ ἐν σφραγῖδι ὁ τράχηλος αὐτῶν ἐν ἐπισήμῳ ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν
Her sons and daughters were in grievous captivity, with their necks under a marked seal among the nations.
The exile is rendered as bodily humiliation, emphasizing branded subjection in foreign lands.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
υἱοὶsonsN2 NPM · υἱόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
αἱtheRA NPF · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
αἰχμαλωσίᾳcaptivityN1A DSF · αἰχμαλωσίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαἰχμαλωσία: meaning 'captivity'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
πονηρᾷgrievousA1A DSF · πονηρόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπονηρός: meaning 'grievous'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
σφραγῖδιwith a sealN3D DSF · σφραγίςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσφραγίς: meaning 'with a seal'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
τράχηλοςneckN2 NSM · τράχηλοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsτράχηλος: meaning 'neck'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἐπισήμῳmarkedA1B DSM · ἐπίσημοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπίσημος: meaning 'marked'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἔθνεσινnationsN3E DPN · ἔθνοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
7
κατὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν ἐποίησεν αὐτοῖς ὅτι ἐγκατέλιπεν αὐτοὺς εἰς χεῖρας κατισχυόντων
According to their sins he dealt with them, for he handed them over into the hands of stronger men.
The conquest is explained as measured recompense rather than as arbitrary disaster.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἁμαρτίαςsinsN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐποίησενhe dealtVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsποιέω: meaning 'he dealt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
αὐτοῖςin themRD DPM · αὐτόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῖς: meaning 'in them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγκατέλιπενhe abandonedVBI AAI3S · λείπω + ἐν + καταfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsλείπω + ἐν + κατα: meaning 'he abandoned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
χεῖραςhandsN3 APF · χείρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
κατισχυόντωνof stronger menV1 · παπγπμ ἰσχύω + καταverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπαπγπμ ἰσχύω + κατα: meaning 'of stronger men'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
8
ἀπέστρεψεν γὰρ τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ ἐλέους αὐτῶν νέον καὶ πρεσβύτην καὶ τέκνα αὐτῶν εἰς ἅπαξ ὅτι πονηρὰ ἐποίησαν εἰς ἅπαξ τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν
For he turned his face away from mercy toward them, from young and old and their children alike, because all at once they had done evil, refusing to hear.
The suspension of mercy is total because the rebellion had spread through the whole people.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ἀπέστρεψενhe turned awayVAI AAI3S · στρέφω + ἀποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsστρέφω + ἀπο: meaning 'he turned away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
γὰρforX · γάρhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἐλέουςmercyN3E GSN · ἔλεοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
νέονyoungA1A ASM · νέοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsνέος: meaning 'young'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πρεσβύτηνoldN1M ASM · πρεσβύτηςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπρεσβύτης: meaning 'old'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τέκναchildrenN2N APN · τέκνονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsτέκνον: meaning 'children'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἅπαξall at onceD · ἅπαξadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἅπαξ: meaning 'all at once'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
πονηρὰevil thingsA1A APN · πονηρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπονηρός: meaning 'evil things'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐποίησανthey didVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsποιέω: meaning 'they did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἅπαξall at onceD · ἅπαξadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἅπαξ: meaning 'all at once'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἀκούεινto hearV1 PAN · ἀκούωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀκούω: meaning 'to hear'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
9
καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς ἐβαρυθύμησεν καὶ ἡ γῆ ἐβδελύξατο αὐτούς ὅτι οὐκ ἐποίησε πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ἐπ' αὐτῆς ὅσα ἐποίησαν
And heaven was burdened, and the earth loathed them, because no human being on it had done what they did.
Creation itself is personified as recoiling from Jerusalem's exceptional defilement.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
οὐρανὸςheavenN2 NSM · οὐρανόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐβαρυθύμησενwas burdenedVAI AAI3S · βαρυθυμέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβαρυθυμέω: meaning 'was burdened'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐβδελύξατοloathedVAI AMI3S · βδελύσσωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβδελύσσω: meaning 'loathed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτούςthemRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτούς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐποίησεdidVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsποιέω: meaning 'did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
πᾶςeveryA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἄνθρωποςhuman beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐπ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ὅσαwhat thingsA1 APN · ὅσοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅσος: meaning 'what things'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐποίησανthey didVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsποιέω: meaning 'they did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
10
καὶ γνώσεται ἡ γῆ τὰ κρίματά σου πάντα τὰ δίκαια ὁ θεός
And the earth will know all your righteous judgments, O God.
The lament pauses to affirm that God's judgments will finally be recognized as just.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
γνώσεταιwill knowVF FMI3S · γιγνώσκωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγιγνώσκω: meaning 'will know'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
γῆearthN1 NSF · γῆnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κρίματάjudgmentsN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
δίκαιαrighteousA1A APN · δίκαιοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θεόςO GodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'O God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
11
ἔστησαν τοὺς υἱοὺς Ιερουσαλημ εἰς ἐμπαιγμὸν ἀντὶ πορνῶν ἐν αὐτῇ πᾶς ὁ παραπορευόμενος εἰσεπορεύετο κατέναντι τοῦ ἡλίου
They set the sons of Jerusalem up for mockery instead of prostitutes; in her every passerby went in openly before the sun.
The city's humiliation is depicted as shameless exposure and exploitation in full public view.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ἔστησανthey setVHI AAI3P · ἵστημιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἵστημι: meaning 'they set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN GS · Ἰερουσαλήμhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as helper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἐμπαιγμὸνfor mockeryN2 ASM · ἐμπαιγμόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐμπαιγμός: meaning 'for mockery'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
πορνῶνprostitutesN1 GPF · πόρνηgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπόρνη: meaning 'prostitutes'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
πᾶςeveryA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
παραπορευόμενοςone passing byV1 · πμπνσμ πορεύομαι + παραverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπμπνσμ πορεύομαι + παρα: meaning 'one passing by'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
εἰσεπορεύετοwent inV1I IMI3S · πορεύομαι + εἰςverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπορεύομαι + εἰς: meaning 'went in'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατέναντιopenly beforeD · κατέναντιadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκατέναντι: meaning 'openly before'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἡλίουthe sunN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἥλιος: meaning 'the sun'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
12
ἐνέπαιζον ταῖς ἀνομίαις αὐτῶν καθὰ ἐποίουν αὐτοί ἀπέναντι τοῦ ἡλίου παρεδειγμάτισαν ἀδικίας αὐτῶν
They mocked at their lawless deeds; just as they themselves had acted before the sun, so their injustices were exhibited as an example.
The punishment mirrors the public character of the people's own sins.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ἐνέπαιζονthey mockedV1I IAI3P · παίζω + ἐνverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπαίζω + ἐν: meaning 'they mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἀνομίαιςwith lawless deedsN1A DPF · ἀνομίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀνομία: meaning 'with lawless deeds'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καθὰjust asRR APN · ὅς + καταaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅς + κατα: meaning 'just as'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐποίουνthey were doingV2I IAI3P · ποιέωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsποιέω: meaning 'they were doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοίthey themselvesRD NPM · αὐτόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτός: meaning 'they themselves'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἀπέναντιbeforeD · ἀπέναντιadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀπέναντι: meaning 'before'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἡλίουthe sunN2 GSM · ἥλιοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἥλιος: meaning 'the sun'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
παρεδειγμάτισανthey made an example ofVTI AAI3P · δειγμάτιζω + παραfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδειγμάτιζω + παρα: meaning 'they made an example of'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἀδικίαςinjusticesN1A GSF · ἀδικίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀδικία: meaning 'injustices'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
13
καὶ θυγατέρες Ιερουσαλημ βέβηλοι κατὰ τὸ κρίμα σου ἀνθ' ὧν αὐταὶ ἐμιαίωσαν αὑτὰς ἐν φυρμῷ ἀναμείξεως
And the daughters of Jerusalem were profaned according to your judgment, because they had defiled themselves in the pollution of mixture.
The disgrace of Jerusalem's daughters is narrated as part of the same coherent divine verdict on prior impurity.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυγατέρεςdaughtersN3 NPF · θυγάτηρnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθυγάτηρ: meaning 'daughters'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN NS · Ἰερουσαλήμhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as helper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause.
βέβηλοιprofanedV4 PAI3S · βεβηλόωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβεβηλόω: meaning 'profaned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἀνθ'because ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀνθ': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ὧνwhich thingsRR GPM · ὅςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅς: meaning 'which things'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
αὐταὶtheyRD NPF · αὐτόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτός: meaning 'they'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐμιαίωσανdefiledVAI AAI3P · μιαίνωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμιαίνω: meaning 'defiled'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
αὑτὰςthemselvesRD APF · ἑαυτοῦaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὑτὰς: meaning 'themselves'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
φυρμῷin pollutionN2 DSM · φυρμόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsφυρμός: meaning 'in pollution'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ἀναμείξεωςof mixtureN3I GSM · ἀνάμιξιςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀνάμιξις: meaning 'of mixture'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
14
τὴν κοιλίαν μου καὶ τὰ σπλάγχνα μου πονῶ ἐπὶ τούτοις
My belly and my inward parts ache over these things.
The speaker's confession of God's justice does not cancel visceral grief over the city's ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κοιλίανbellyN1A ASF · κοιλίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκοιλία: meaning 'belly'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
σπλάγχναinward partsN2N APN · σπλάγχνονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσπλάγχνον: meaning 'inward parts'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
μουmyRP GS · ἐγώgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμου: meaning 'my'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
πονῶI acheV2 PAI1S · πονέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπονέω: meaning 'I ache'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τούτοιςthese thingsRD DPM · οὗτοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὗτος: meaning 'these things'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
15
ἐγὼ δικαιώσω σε ὁ θεός ἐν εὐθύτητι καρδίας ὅτι ἐν τοῖς κρίμασίν σου ἡ δικαιοσύνη σου ὁ θεός
But I will justify you, O God, in uprightness of heart, because in your judgments is your righteousness, O God.
The lament explicitly turns toward vindicating God even while mourning the punishment.
Word-by-word analysis· 18 words
ἐγὼIRP NSM · ἐγώnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
δικαιώσωwill justifyVF FAI1S · δικαιόωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδικαιόω: meaning 'will justify'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σεyouRP AS · σύaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσε: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θεόςO GodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'O God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
εὐθύτητιuprightnessN3T DSF · εὐθύτηςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεὐθύτης: meaning 'uprightness'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
καρδίαςof heartN1A GSF · καρδίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαρδία: meaning 'of heart'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τοῖςtheRA DPN · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κρίμασίνjudgmentsN3M DPN · κρίμαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἡtheRA NSF · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
δικαιοσύνηrighteousnessN1 NSF · δικαιοσύνηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θεόςO GodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'O God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
16
ὅτι ἀπέδωκας τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν καὶ κατὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν τὰς πονηρὰς σφόδρα
For you repaid sinners according to their works and according to their exceedingly evil sins.
God's righteousness is defined in retributive terms that answer actual deeds.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀπέδωκαςyou repaidVAI AAI2S · δίδωμι + ἀποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'you repaid'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἁμαρτωλοῖςto sinnersA1B DPM · ἁμαρτωλόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'to sinners'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἁμαρτίαςsinsN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
πονηρὰςevilA1A APF · πονηρόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπονηρός: meaning 'evil'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
σφόδραexceedinglyD · σφόδραadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσφόδρα: meaning 'exceedingly'; it shapes the local clause or phrase relation in this passage.
17
ἀνεκάλυψας τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν ἵνα φανῇ τὸ κρίμα σου ἐξήλειψας τὸ μνημόσυνον αὐτῶν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς
You uncovered their sins so that your judgment might be revealed; you wiped out their memory from the earth.
Divine judgment both exposes hidden guilt and removes the guilty from remembered standing.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ἀνεκάλυψαςyou uncoveredVAI AAI2S · καλύπτω + ἀναfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαλύπτω + ἀνα: meaning 'you uncovered'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τὰςtheRA APF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἁμαρτίαςsinsN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
φανῇmight be revealedVD APS3S · φαίνωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsφαίνω: meaning 'might be revealed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐξήλειψαςyou wiped outVAI AAI2S · ἀλείφω + ἐκfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀλείφω + ἐκ: meaning 'you wiped out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
μνημόσυνονmemoryN2N ASN · μνημόσυνονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμνημόσυνον: meaning 'memory'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
18
ὁ θεὸς κριτὴς δίκαιος καὶ οὐ θαυμάσει πρόσωπον
God is a righteous judge, and he does not show partiality.
Compresses its theology into a concise judicial axiom.
Word-by-word analysis· 8 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
κριτὴςjudgeN1M NSM · κριτήςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐ: meaning 'not'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as adverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone.
θαυμάσειhe will show partialityVF FAI3S · θαυμάζωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθαυμάζω: meaning 'he will show partiality'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
πρόσωπονfaceN2N ASN · πρόσωπονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
19
ὠνείδισαν γὰρ ἔθνη Ιερουσαλημ ἐν καταπατήσει κατεσπάσθη τὸ κάλλος αὐτῆς ἀπὸ θρόνου δόξης
For the nations reproached Jerusalem in trampling her; her beauty was torn away from the throne of glory.
The city's humiliation is revisited in order to prepare the turn toward judgment on the conqueror.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
ὠνείδισανreproachedVSI AAI3P · ὀνειδίζωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὀνειδίζω: meaning 'reproached'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
γὰρforX · γάρhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN AS · Ἰερουσαλήμhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as helper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
καταπατήσειin tramplingVF FAI3S · ἀπατέω + καταverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀπατέω + κατα: meaning 'in trampling'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατεσπάσθηwas torn awayVSI API3S · σπάω + καταfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσπάω + κατα: meaning 'was torn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E ASN · κάλλοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
θρόνουfrom the throneN2 GSM · θρόνοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθρόνος: meaning 'from the throne'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
20
περιεζώσατο σάκκον ἀντὶ ἐνδύματος εὐπρεπείας σχοινίον περὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτῆς ἀντὶ στεφάνου
She girded herself with sackcloth instead of splendid clothing, with a rope around her head instead of a crown.
Jerusalem is personified as a bereaved woman stripped of royal dignity.
Word-by-word analysis· 12 words
περιεζώσατοshe girded herselfVAI AMI3S · ζώννυμι + περιverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsζώννυμι + περι: meaning 'she girded herself'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
σάκκονsackclothN2 ASM · σάκκοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσάκκος: meaning 'sackcloth'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἐνδύματοςclothingN3M GSN · ἔνδυμαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔνδυμα: meaning 'clothing'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
εὐπρεπείαςof splendorN1A GSF · εὐπρέπειαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεὐπρέπεια: meaning 'of splendor'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
σχοινίονa ropeN2 ASN · σχοινίονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσχοινίον: meaning 'a rope'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
περὶaroundP · περίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπερὶ: meaning 'around'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κεφαλὴνheadN1 ASF · κεφαλήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκεφαλή: meaning 'head'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἀντὶinstead ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀντὶ: meaning 'instead of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
στεφάνουa crownN2 GSM · στέφανοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsστέφανος: meaning 'a crown'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
21
περιείλατο μίτραν δόξης ἣν περιέθηκεν αὐτῇ ὁ θεός ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ τὸ κάλλος αὐτῆς ἀπερρίφη ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν
She removed the turban of glory that God had placed upon her; in dishonor her beauty was cast to the ground.
What God once gave in honor is now pictured as lying humiliated in the dust.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
περιείλατοshe removedVBI AMI3S · αἱρέω + περιverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαἱρέω + περι: meaning 'she removed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
μίτρανthe turbanN1A ASF · μίτραaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμίτρα: meaning 'the turban'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
δόξηςgloryN1S GSF · δόξαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἣνwhichRR ASF · ὅςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἣν: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
περιέθηκενplaced uponVAI AAI3S · τίθημι + περιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsτίθημι + περι: meaning 'placed upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
αὐτῇherRD DSF · αὐτόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῇ: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θεόςO GodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'O God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἀτιμίᾳdishonorN1A DSF · ἀτιμίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κάλλοςbeautyN3E ASN · κάλλοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκάλλος: meaning 'beauty'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτῆςherRD GSF · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῆς: meaning 'her'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἀπερρίφηwas cast downVVI API3S · ῥίπτω + ἀποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsῥίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'was cast down'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
γῆνgroundN1 ASF · γῆaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγῆ: meaning 'ground'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
22
καὶ ἐγὼ εἶδον καὶ ἐδεήθην τοῦ προσώπου κυρίου καὶ εἶπον ἱκάνωσον κύριε τοῦ βαρύνεσθαι χεῖρά σου ἐπὶ Ιερουσαλημ ἐν ἐπαγωγῇ ἐθνῶν
And I saw and entreated the face of the Lord, and I said, 'Enough, Lord, of your hand being heavy upon Jerusalem through the invasion of the nations.'
Having acknowledged God's justice, the speaker asks that the city's chastisement not be prolonged indefinitely.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐγὼIRP NS · ἐγώnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
εἶδονI sawVBI AAI3P · ὁράωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁράω: meaning 'I saw'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐδεήθηνI entreatedVCI API1S · δέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδέω: meaning 'I entreated'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
προσώπουfaceN2N GSN · πρόσωπονgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπρόσωπον: meaning 'face'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
εἶπονI saidVBI AAI3P · εἶπονfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἶπον: meaning 'I said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἱκάνωσονmake it enoughVA AAD2S · ἱκανόωinfinitival or participial verbal form expressing verbal idea, manner, or attendant action→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἱκανόω: meaning 'make it enough'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival or participial verbal form expressing verbal idea, manner, or attendant action.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative element used for direct address→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative element used for direct address.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
βαρύνεσθαιbeing heavyV1 PMN · βαρύνωinfinitival or participial verbal form expressing verbal idea, manner, or attendant action→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβαρύνω: meaning 'being heavy'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival or participial verbal form expressing verbal idea, manner, or attendant action.
χεῖράhandN3 ASF · χείρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsχείρ: meaning 'hand'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ΙερουσαλημJerusalemN DS · Ἰερουσαλήμhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsΙερουσαλημ: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as helper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἐπαγωγῇinvasionN1 DSF · ἐπαγωγήdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπαγωγή: meaning 'invasion'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ἐθνῶνof nationsN3E GPN · ἔθνοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔθνος: meaning 'of nations'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
23
ὅτι ἐνέπαιξαν καὶ οὐκ ἐφείσαντο ἐν ὀργῇ καὶ θυμῷ μετὰ μηνίσεως καὶ συντελεσθήσονται ἐὰν μὴ σύ κύριε ἐπιτιμήσῃς αὐτοῖς ἐν ὀργῇ σου
For they mocked and showed no pity in anger and wrath with furious resentment, and they will be brought to an end unless you, Lord, rebuke them in your wrath.
The foreign nations have exceeded the bounds of chastisement and become liable to judgment themselves.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνέπαιξανthey mockedVVI AAI3P · παίζω + ἐνfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπαίζω + ἐν: meaning 'they mocked'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐφείσαντοthey sparedVAI AMI3P · φείδομαιverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsφείδομαι: meaning 'they spared'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ὀργῇwrathN1 DSF · ὀργήdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θυμῷangerN2 DSM · θυμόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθυμός: meaning 'anger'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
μηνίσεωςresentmentN3I GSF · μῆνιςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμῆνις: meaning 'resentment'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
συντελεσθήσονταιthey will be brought to an endVS FPI3P · τελέω + συνverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsτελέω + συν: meaning 'they will be brought to an end'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐὰνunlessC · ἐάνconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐὰν: meaning 'unless'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μὴnotD · μήadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
σύyouRP NS · σύnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσύ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative element used for direct address→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative element used for direct address.
ἐπιτιμήσῃςrebukeVA AAS2S · τιμάω + ἐπιverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsτιμάω + ἐπι: meaning 'rebuke'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςin themRD DPM · αὐτόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῖς: meaning 'in them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ὀργῇwrathN1 DSF · ὀργήdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
24
ὅτι οὐκ ἐν ζήλει ἐποίησαν ἀλλ' ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ ψυχῆς ἐκχέαι τὴν ὀργὴν αὐτῶν εἰς ἡμᾶς ἐν ἁρπάγματι
For they did not act in zeal, but in soul-desire, to pour out their wrath upon us in plunder.
The conqueror's violence is unmasked as rapacious self-interest rather than holy zeal.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ζήλειzealV4 PAI3S · ζηλόωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsζηλόω: meaning 'zeal'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἐποίησανthey didVAI AAI3P · ποιέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsποιέω: meaning 'they did'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἀλλ'butC · ἀλλάconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀλλ': meaning 'but'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἐπιθυμίᾳdesireN1A DSF · ἐπιθυμίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπιθυμία: meaning 'desire'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ψυχῆςof soulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsψυχή: meaning 'of soul'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐκχέαιto pour outVA AAN · χέω + ἐκverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsχέω + ἐκ: meaning 'to pour out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὀργὴνwrathN1 ASF · ὀργήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὀργή: meaning 'wrath'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἁρπάγματιin plunderN3M DSN · ἅρπαγμαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἅρπαγμα: meaning 'in plunder'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
25
μὴ χρονίσῃς ὁ θεός τοῦ ἀποδοῦναι αὐτοῖς εἰς κεφαλάς τοῦ εἰπεῖν τὴν ὑπερηφανίαν τοῦ δράκοντος ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ
Do not delay, O God, to repay them upon their heads, to cast the arrogance of the dragon into dishonor.
The speaker asks for swift repayment and for imperial pride to recoil upon itself.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
μὴnotD · μήadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμὴ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
χρονίσῃςdelayVA AAS2S · χρονίζωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsχρονίζω: meaning 'delay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θεόςO GodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'O God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἀποδοῦναιto repayVO AAN · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'to repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτοῖςin themRD DPM · αὐτόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῖς: meaning 'in them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
κεφαλάςheadsN1 APF · κεφαλήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκεφαλή: meaning 'heads'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
εἰπεῖνto castVB AAN · λέγωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsλέγω: meaning 'to cast'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὑπερηφανίανarroganceN1A ASF · ὑπερηφανίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὑπερηφανία: meaning 'arrogance'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
δράκοντοςof the dragonN3 GSM · δράκωνgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδράκων: meaning 'of the dragon'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἀτιμίᾳdishonorN1A DSF · ἀτιμίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
26
καὶ οὐκ ἐχρόνισα ἕως ἔδειξέν μοι ὁ θεὸς τὴν ὕβριν αὐτοῦ ἐκκεκεντημένον ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρέων Αἰγύπτου ὑπὲρ ἐλάχιστον ἐξουδενωμένον ἐπὶ γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης
And I did not wait long until God showed me his insolence: pierced through upon the mountains of Egypt, made utterly contemptible on land and sea.
The answer to prayer comes in a vision of the tyrant's shameful downfall.
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐχρόνισαI delayedVAI AAI1S · χρονίζωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsχρονίζω: meaning 'I delayed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἕωςuntoC · ἕωςconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἕως: meaning 'unto'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἔδειξένshowedVAI AAI3S · δεικνύωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδεικνύω: meaning 'showed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
μοιto meRP DS · ἐγώdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμοι: meaning 'to me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὕβρινinsolenceN3I ASF · ὕβριςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὕβρις: meaning 'insolence'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐκκεκεντημένονpierced throughVMI XMPASMKENTE/W · ἐκverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐκ: meaning 'pierced through'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τῶνtheRA GPN · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὀρέωνmountainsN3E GPN · ὄροςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὄρος: meaning 'mountains'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
Αἰγύπτουof EgyptN2 GSM · Αἴγυπτοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsΑἰγύπτου: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ὑπὲρutterly beyondP · ὑπέρpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὑπὲρ: meaning 'utterly beyond'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἐλάχιστονleastA1 ASMS · ἐλαχύςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐλαχύς: meaning 'least'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐξουδενωμένονmade contemptibleVM · χμπασμ οὐδενόω + ἐκverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsχμπασμ οὐδενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'made contemptible'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
27
τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ διαφερόμενον ἐπὶ κυμάτων ἐν ὕβρει πολλῇ καὶ οὐκ ἦν ὁ θάπτων ὅτι ἐξουθένωσεν αὐτὸν ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ
His body was carried about on the waves in great disgrace, and there was no one to bury him, because he was brought low in dishonor.
The unburied corpse marks the total reversal of royal self-exaltation.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
σῶμαbodyN3M ASN · σῶμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsσῶμα: meaning 'body'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
διαφερόμενονbeing carried aboutV1 · πμπασμ φέρω + διαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπμπασμ φέρω + δια: meaning 'being carried about'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
κυμάτωνwavesN3M GPN · κῦμαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκῦμα: meaning 'waves'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ὕβρειdisgraceN3I DSF · ὕβριςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὕβρις: meaning 'disgrace'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
πολλῇgreatA1 DSF · πολύςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπολύς: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἦνthere wasV9 IAI3S · εἰμίverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἦν: meaning 'there was'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θάπτωνburyingV1 · παπνσμ θάπτωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπαπνσμ θάπτω: meaning 'burying'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐξουθένωσενbrought lowVA AAI3S · οὐθενόω + ἐκfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐθενόω + ἐκ: meaning 'brought low'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
αὐτὸνhis / her / theirRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτὸν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἀτιμίᾳdishonorN1A DSF · ἀτιμίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
28
οὐκ ἐλογίσατο ὅτι ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν καὶ τὸ ὕστερον οὐκ ἐλογίσατο
He did not consider that he was a man, and he did not consider the end.
The conqueror's ruin is traced to forgetfulness of mortality and accountability.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐλογίσατοconsiderVAI AMI3S · λογίζομαιverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsλογίζομαι: meaning 'consider'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἄνθρωπόςa manN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἄνθρωπος: meaning 'a man'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐστινhe isV9 PAI3S · εἰμίfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰμί: meaning 'he is'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὕστερονthe endA1A B · ὕστεροςnominal or adjectival element contributing to the clause in its local syntactic role→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὕστερος: meaning 'the end'; it serves as nominal or adjectival element contributing to the clause in its local syntactic role.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐλογίσατοconsiderVAI AMI3S · λογίζομαιverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsλογίζομαι: meaning 'consider'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
29
εἶπεν ἐγὼ κύριος γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης ἔσομαι καὶ οὐκ ἐπέγνω ὅτι ὁ θεὸς μέγας κραταιὸς ἐν ἰσχύι αὐτοῦ τῇ μεγάλῃ
He said, 'I will be lord of land and sea,' and he did not recognize that God is great, mighty in his great strength.
The tyrant's claim to universal mastery is answered by the confession of God's superior power.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
εἶπενhe saidVBI AAI3S · εἶπονfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἶπον: meaning 'he said'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ἐγὼIRP NSM · ἐγώnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐγὼ: meaning 'I'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
θαλάσσηςseaN1S GSF · θάλασσαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθάλασσα: meaning 'sea'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἔσομαιI will beVF FMI1S · εἰμίfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰμί: meaning 'I will be'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἐπέγνωrecognizedVZI AAI3S · γιγνώσκω + ἐπιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγιγνώσκω + ἐπι: meaning 'recognized'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
κραταιὸςmightyA1A NSM · κραταιόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκραταιός: meaning 'mighty'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
τῇtheRA DSF · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
μεγάλῃgreatA1 DSF · μέγαςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
30
αὐτὸς βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ τῶν οὐρανῶν καὶ κρίνων βασιλεῖς καὶ ἀρχάς
He himself is king over the heavens and judges kings and rulers.
The poem corrects imperial boasting with a declaration of God's cosmic kingship.
Word-by-word analysis· 10 words
αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτός: meaning 'he himself'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
οὐρανῶνof the heavensN2 GPM · οὐρανόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐρανός: meaning 'of the heavens'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κρίνωνjudgingN2N GPN · κρίνονgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκρίνον: meaning 'judging'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
βασιλεῖςkingsN3V NPM · βασιλεύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβασιλεύς: meaning 'kings'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀρχάςrulersN1 APF · ἀρχήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀρχή: meaning 'rulers'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
31
ὁ ἀνιστῶν ἐμὲ εἰς δόξαν καὶ κοιμίζων ὑπερηφάνους εἰς ἀπώλειαν αἰῶνος ἐν ἀτιμίᾳ ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνωσαν αὐτόν
He raises me up to glory and lays the proud to sleep in everlasting destruction with dishonor, because they did not know him.
The tyrant's downfall illustrates God's settled pattern of exalting and casting down.
Word-by-word analysis· 17 words
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ἀνιστῶνraising upV6 · παπγπμ ἵστημι + ἀναverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπαπγπμ ἵστημι + ἀνα: meaning 'raising up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἐμὲmeRP AS · ἐγώaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐμὲ: meaning 'me'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
δόξανgloryN1S ASF · δόξαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδόξα: meaning 'glory'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
κοιμίζωνlaying to sleepV1 · παπνσμ κοιμίζωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπαπνσμ κοιμίζω: meaning 'laying to sleep'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ὑπερηφάνουςthe proudA1B APF · ὑπερήφανοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὑπερήφανος: meaning 'the proud'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἀπώλειανdestructionN1A ASF · ἀπώλειαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀπώλεια: meaning 'destruction'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αἰῶνοςeverlastingN3W GSM · αἰώνgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαἰών: meaning 'everlasting'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἀτιμίᾳdishonorN1A DSF · ἀτιμίαdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀτιμία: meaning 'dishonor'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
οὐκnotD · οὐadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐκ: meaning 'not'; it negates or qualifies the assertion of the clause.
ἔγνωσανthey knewVZI AAI3P · γιγνώσκωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγιγνώσκω: meaning 'they knew'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
αὐτόνhimRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτόν: meaning 'him'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
32
καὶ νῦν ἴδετε οἱ μεγιστᾶνες τῆς γῆς τὸ κρίμα τοῦ κυρίου ὅτι μέγας βασιλεὺς καὶ δίκαιος κρίνων τὴν ὑπ' οὐρανόν
And now see, you magnates of the earth, the judgment of the Lord, that he is a great and righteous king, judging what is under heaven.
The psalm widens into instruction addressed to earthly elites.
Word-by-word analysis· 20 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
νῦνnowD · νῦνadverbial element sharpening manner, time, emphasis, or rhetorical tone→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsνῦν: meaning 'now'; it shapes time, manner, location, or discourse flow in the clause.
ἴδετεseeVB AAD2P · ὁράωinfinitival or participial verbal form expressing verbal idea, manner, or attendant action→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁράω: meaning 'see'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival or participial verbal form expressing verbal idea, manner, or attendant action.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
μεγιστᾶνεςmagnatesN3 NPM · μεγιστάνnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμεγιστάν: meaning 'magnates'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
τῆςof theRA GSF · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κρίμαjudgmentN3M ASN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
τοῦof theRA GSM · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
μέγαςgreatA1P NSM · μέγαςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμέγας: meaning 'great'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
βασιλεὺςkingN3V NSM · βασιλεύςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsβασιλεύς: meaning 'king'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
κρίνωνjudgingN2N GPN · κρίνονgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκρίνον: meaning 'judging'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
τὴνtheRA ASF · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὑπ'underP · ὑπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὑπ': meaning 'under'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
οὐρανόνheavenN2 ASM · οὐρανόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοὐρανός: meaning 'heaven'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
33
εὐλογεῖτε τὸν θεόν οἱ φοβούμενοι τὸν κύριον ἐν ἐπιστήμῃ ὅτι τὸ ἔλεος κυρίου ἐπὶ τοὺς φοβουμένους αὐτὸν μετὰ κρίματος
Bless God, you who fear the Lord, with understanding, because the mercy of the Lord is upon those who fear him together with judgment.
The fitting response is intelligent praise that keeps mercy and judgment together.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
εὐλογεῖτεblessV2 PAI2P · εὐλογέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεὐλογέω: meaning 'bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
θεόνGodN2 ASM · θεόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
οἱtheRA NPM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsοἱ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
φοβούμενοιthose fearingV2 · πμπνπμ φοβέωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπμπνπμ φοβέω: meaning 'those fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
κύριονthe LordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'the Lord'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἐπιστήμῃwith understandingN1 DSF · ἐπιστήμηdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπιστήμη: meaning 'with understanding'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐπὶuponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐπὶ: meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
φοβουμένουςthose fearingV2 · πμπαπμ φοβέωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπμπαπμ φοβέω: meaning 'those fearing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhis / her / theirRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτὸν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
μετὰwithP · μετάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμετὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
κρίματοςjudgmentN3M GSN · κρίμαgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκρίμα: meaning 'judgment'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
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τοῦ διαστεῖλαι ἀνὰ μέσον δικαίου καὶ ἁμαρτωλοῦ ἀποδοῦναι ἁμαρτωλοῖς εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν
He distinguishes between righteous and sinner, repaying sinners forever according to their works.
The closing theology emphasizes God's discriminating justice.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
τοῦof theRA GSN · ὁgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
διαστεῖλαιto distinguishVA AAN · στέλλω + διαverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsστέλλω + δια: meaning 'to distinguish'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἀνὰbetweenP · ἀνάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀνὰ: meaning 'between'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
μέσονthe midstA1 ASM · μέσοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsμέσος: meaning 'the midst'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
δικαίουrighteousA1A GSM · δίκαιοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἁμαρτωλοῦsinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἀποδοῦναιto repayVO AAN · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'to repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτωλοῖςto sinnersA1B DPM · ἁμαρτωλόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'to sinners'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὰtheRA APN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτῶνtheirRD GPM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτῶν: meaning 'their'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
35
καὶ ἐλεῆσαι δίκαιον ἀπὸ ταπεινώσεως ἁμαρτωλοῦ καὶ ἀποδοῦναι ἁμαρτωλῷ ἀνθ' ὧν ἐποίησεν δικαίῳ
And he has mercy on the righteous from the humiliation brought by the sinner, and repays the sinner for what he did to the righteous.
Mercy for the righteous and repayment for the wicked are paired as the final balance of judgment.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἐλεῆσαιto have mercy onVA AAN · ἐλεέωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐλεέω: meaning 'to have mercy on'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
δίκαιονthe righteousA1A ASM · δίκαιοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίκαιος: meaning 'the righteous'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ταπεινώσεωςhumiliationN3I GSF · ταπείνωσιςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsταπείνωσις: meaning 'humiliation'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἁμαρτωλοῦsinnerA1B GSM · ἁμαρτωλόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'sinner'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
ἀποδοῦναιto repayVO AAN · δίδωμι + ἀποverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίδωμι + ἀπο: meaning 'to repay'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
ἁμαρτωλῷto the sinnerA1B DSM · ἁμαρτωλόςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἁμαρτωλός: meaning 'to the sinner'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ἀνθ'because ofP · ἀντίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἀνθ': meaning 'because of'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ὧνwhich thingsRR GPM · ὅςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅς: meaning 'which things'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.
ἐποίησενhe dealtVAI AAI3S · ποιέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsποιέω: meaning 'he dealt'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.
δικαίῳto the righteousA1A DSM · δίκαιοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίκαιος: meaning 'to the righteous'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
36
ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ κύριος τοῖς ἐπικαλουμένοις αὐτὸν ἐν ὑπομονῇ ποιῆσαι κατὰ τὸ ἔλεος αὐτοῦ τοῖς ὁσίοις αὐτοῦ παρεστάναι διὰ παντὸς ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ἐν ἰσχύι
For the Lord is kind to those who call upon him with patience, to act according to his mercy toward his holy ones, so that they may stand continually before him in strength.
The psalm ends by commending patient invocation of God, whose mercy establishes the faithful.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
ὅτιbecauseC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅτι: meaning 'because'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.
χρηστὸςkindA1 NSM · χρηστόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsχρηστός: meaning 'kind'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
ὁtheRA NSM · ὁnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: meaning 'the'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἐπικαλουμένοιςthose calling uponV2 · πμπδπμ καλέω + ἐπιverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπμπδπμ καλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'those calling upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
αὐτὸνhis / her / theirRD ASM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτὸν: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ὑπομονῇwith patienceN1 DSF · ὑπομονήdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὑπομονή: meaning 'with patience'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
ποιῆσαιto actVA AAN · ποιέωverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsποιέω: meaning 'to act'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὸtheRA ASN · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ἔλεοςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
τοῖςtheRA DPM · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
ὁσίοιςholy onesA1A DPM · ὅσιοςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὅσιος: meaning 'holy ones'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
παρεστάναιto stand beforeVXI XAN · ἵστημι + παραverbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἵστημι + παρα: meaning 'to stand before'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as verbal element carrying the action, process, or state of the clause.
διὰcontinuallyP · διάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδιὰ: meaning 'continually'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
παντὸςalwaysA3 GSM · πᾶςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπᾶς: meaning 'always'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐνώπιονbeforeA1B ASM · ἐνώπιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
ἰσχύιstrengthN3U DSF · ἰσχύςdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἰσχύς: meaning 'strength'; it serves as dative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object.
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εὐλογητὸς κύριος εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ἐνώπιον δούλων αὐτοῦ ψαλμὸς τῷ Σαλωμων περὶ δικαίων
Blessed is the Lord forever before his servants. A psalm of Solomon concerning the righteous.
A brief blessing and subscription close the chapter on praise rather than on ruin.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
εὐλογητὸςblessedA1 NSM · εὐλογητόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεὐλογητός: meaning 'blessed'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
εἰςtoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsεἰς: meaning 'to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
ἐνώπιονbeforeA1B ASM · ἐνώπιονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsἐνώπιον: meaning 'before'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or goal within the clause.
δούλωνof servantsN2 GPM · δοῦλοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδοῦλος: meaning 'of servants'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
αὐτοῦhisRD GSM · αὐτόςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsαὐτοῦ: meaning 'his'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.
ψαλμὸςa psalmN2 NSM · ψαλμόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsψαλμός: meaning 'a psalm'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition in the clause.
τῷto theRA DSM · ὁdative term marking sphere, means, relation, or indirect object→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.
Σαλωμωνof SolomonN DSM · Σαλωμώνhelper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsΣαλωμων: transliterated proper name rendered in Greek letters; here it functions as helper element contributing to the local relation or nuance of the clause.
περὶaroundP · περίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsπερὶ: meaning 'around'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.
δικαίωνthe righteousA1A GPM · δίκαιοςgenitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation→ judgment on Jerusalem and arrogant oppressorsδίκαιος: meaning 'the righteous'; it serves as genitive term qualifying another element or marking source, possession, or relation.