Psalms of Solomon 9 — Greek, Translation, Interlinear & Discourse

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

ἐν τῷ ἀπαχθῆναι Ισραηλ ἐν ἀποικεσίᾳ εἰς γῆν ἀλλοτρίαν ἐν τῷ ἀποστῆναι αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ κυρίου τοῦ λυτρωσαμένου αὐτοὺς ἀπερρίφησαν ἀπὸ κληρονομίας ἧς ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς κύριος

When Israel was carried away into exile in a foreign land, when they turned aside from the Lord who had redeemed them, they were cast out from the inheritance that the Lord had given them.

Narrative openingasyndeton

The psalm begins by recalling exile as the consequence of turning away from the redeeming Lord.

Word-by-word analysis· 25 words

ἐνinP · ἐνpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐν: meaning 'in'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

τῷtheRA DSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἀπαχθῆναιto be carried awayVQ APN · ἄγω + ἀποinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, complement, or verbal idea→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἄγω + ἀπο: meaning 'to be carried away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, complement, or verbal idea.

ΙσραηλIsraelN AS · Ἰσραήλconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyΙσραηλ: meaning 'Israel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἀποικεσίᾳexileN1A DSF · ἀποικεσίαdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἀποικεσία: meaning 'exile'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

εἰςintoP · εἰςpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyεἰς: meaning 'into'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

γῆνlandN1 ASF · γῆaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyγῆ: meaning 'land'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἀλλοτρίανforeignA1A ASF · ἀλλότριοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἀλλότριος: meaning 'foreign'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἀποστῆναιto turn awayVH AAN · ἵστημι + ἀποinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, complement, or verbal idea→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'to turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, complement, or verbal idea.

αὐτοὺςthemRD APM · αὐτόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαὐτοὺς: meaning 'them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἀπὸfromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἀπὸ: meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

κυρίουof the LordN2 GSM · κύριοςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκύριος: meaning 'of the Lord'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

τοῦtheRA GSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

λυτρωσαμένουwho redeemedVA · αμπγσμ λυτρόωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαμπγσμ λυτρόω: meaning 'who redeemed'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ἀπερρίφησανthey were cast outVVI API3P · ῥίπτω + ἀποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyῥίπτω + ἀπο: meaning 'they were cast out'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

κληρονομίαςinheritanceN1A GSF · κληρονομίαgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκληρονομία: meaning 'inheritance'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

ἧςwhichRR GSF · ὅςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἧς: meaning 'which'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

ἔδωκενgaveVAI AAI3S · δίδωμιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyδίδωμι: meaning 'gave'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

αὐτοῖςto themRD DPM · αὐτόςdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαὐτοῖς: meaning 'to them'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

κύριοςLordN2 NSM · κύριοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἐν παντὶ ἔθνει ἡ διασπορὰ τοῦ Ισραηλ κατὰ τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ θεοῦ ἵνα δικαιωθῇς ὁ θεός ἐν τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ σου ἐν ταῖς ἀνομίαις ἡμῶν ὅτι σὺ κριτὴς δίκαιος ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς λαοὺς τῆς γῆς

Among every nation the dispersion of Israel came according to the word of God, so that you might be shown righteous, O God, in your righteousness because of our lawless deeds; for you are a righteous judge over all the peoples of the earth.

Judicial explanationasyndeton

The scattering is interpreted as the public vindication of God's righteousness among the nations.

Word-by-word analysis· 34 words

παντὶeveryA3 DSN · πᾶςdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπᾶς: meaning 'every'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

ἔθνειnationN3E DSN · ἔθνοςdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἔθνος: meaning 'nation'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

ἡtheRA NSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἡ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

διασπορὰdispersionN1A NSF · διασποράnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyδιασπορά: meaning 'dispersion'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ΙσραηλIsraelN GS · Ἰσραήλconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyΙσραηλ: meaning 'Israel'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

κατὰaccording toP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκατὰ: meaning 'according to'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

τὸtheRA ASN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτὸ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ῥῆμαwordN3M ASN · ῥῆμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyῥῆμα: meaning 'word'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

θεοῦof GodN2 GSM · θεόςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyθεός: meaning 'of God'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

ἵναso thatC · ἵναconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἵνα: meaning 'so that'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

δικαιωθῇςyou might be shown righteousVC APS2S · δικαιόωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyδικαιόω: meaning 'you might be shown righteous'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ὁtheRA NSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

θεόςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

τῇtheRA DSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτῇ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

δικαιοσύνῃrighteousnessN1 DSF · δικαιοσύνηdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

σουyourRP GS · σύgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyσου: meaning 'your'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

ταῖςtheRA DPF · ὁdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὁ: Greek article marking definiteness and the local noun phrase relation.

ἀνομίαιςlawless deedsN1A DPF · ἀνομίαdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἀνομία: meaning 'lawless deeds'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

ἡμῶνourRP GP · ἐγώgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἡμῶν: meaning 'our'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

ὅτιforC · ὅτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὅτι: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

σὺyouRP NS · σύnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyσὺ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

κριτὴςjudgeN1M NSM · κριτήςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκριτής: meaning 'judge'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

δίκαιοςrighteousA1A NSM · δίκαιοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyδίκαιος: meaning 'righteous'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἐπὶoverP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐπὶ: meaning 'over'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

πάνταςallA3 APM · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

τοὺςtheRA APM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτοὺς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

λαοὺςpeoplesN2 APM · λαόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyλαός: meaning 'peoples'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

τῆςtheRA GSF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτῆς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

γῆςearthN1 GSF · γῆgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyγῆ: meaning 'earth'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

οὐ γὰρ κρυβήσεται ἀπὸ τῆς γνώσεώς σου πᾶς ποιῶν ἄδικα καὶ αἱ δικαιοσύναι τῶν ὁσίων σου ἐνώπιόν σου κύριε καὶ ποῦ κρυβήσεται ἄνθρωπος ἀπὸ τῆς γνώσεώς σου ὁ θεός

For no one doing injustice will be hidden from your knowledge, and the righteous deeds of your holy ones are before you, O Lord; and where will a human being hide from your knowledge, O God?

Confessionasyndeton

The speaker acknowledges that neither wickedness nor genuine righteousness escapes the Lord's searching knowledge.

Word-by-word analysis· 29 words

οὐnotD · οὐconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyοὐ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

γὰρforX · γάρconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyγὰρ: meaning 'for'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

κρυβήσεταιwill be hiddenVD FPI3S · κρύπτωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκρύπτω: meaning 'will be hidden'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

γνώσεώςknowledgeN3I GSF · γνῶσιςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyγνῶσις: meaning 'knowledge'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

πᾶςeveryoneA3 NSM · πᾶςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπᾶς: meaning 'everyone'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ποιῶνdoingV2 · παπνσμ ποιέωparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπαπνσμ ποιέω: meaning 'doing'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance.

ἄδικαunjust thingsA1B APN · ἄδικοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἄδικος: meaning 'unjust things'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

καὶandC · καίconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκαὶ: meaning 'and'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

αἱtheRA NPF · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαἱ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

δικαιοσύναιrighteous deedsN1 NPF · δικαιοσύνηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteous deeds'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

τῶνtheRA GPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτῶν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ὁσίωνholy onesA1A GPM · ὅσιοςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὅσιος: meaning 'holy ones'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

ἐνώπιόνbeforeP · ἐνώπιονpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐνώπιόν: meaning 'before'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

κύριεO LordN2 VSM · κύριοςvocative nominal element used in direct address→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκύριος: meaning 'O Lord'; it serves as vocative nominal element used in direct address.

ποῦwhereD · ποῦconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyποῦ: meaning 'where'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἄνθρωποςhuman beingN2 NSM · ἄνθρωποςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἄνθρωπος: meaning 'human being'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν ἐν ἐκλογῇ καὶ ἐξουσίᾳ τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν τοῦ ποιῆσαι δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἀδικίαν ἐν ἔργοις χειρῶν ἡμῶν καὶ ἐν τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ σου ἐπισκέπτῃ υἱοὺς ἀνθρώπων

Our works lie within the choice and authority of our own soul, whether to do righteousness or injustice in the works of our hands; yet in your righteousness you visit the children of men.

Moral reflectionasyndeton

Human beings are responsible for their chosen deeds even while God's righteous oversight remains active.

Word-by-word analysis· 27 words

τὰtheRA APN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτὰ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἔργαworksN2N APN · ἔργονaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἐκλογῇchoiceN1 DSF · ἐκλογήdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐκλογή: meaning 'choice'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

ἐξουσίᾳauthorityN1A DSF · ἐξουσίαdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐξουσία: meaning 'authority'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

ψυχῆςsoulN1 GSF · ψυχήgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

τοῦtheRA GSN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτοῦ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ποιῆσαιto doVA AAN · ποιέωinfinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, complement, or verbal idea→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyποιέω: meaning 'to do'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as infinitival verbal form expressing purpose, result, complement, or verbal idea.

δικαιοσύνηνrighteousnessN1 ASF · δικαιοσύνηaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyδικαιοσύνη: meaning 'righteousness'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἀδικίανinjusticeN1A ASF · ἀδικίαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἀδικία: meaning 'injustice'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἔργοιςworksN2N DPN · ἔργονdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἔργον: meaning 'works'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

χειρῶνhandsN3 GPF · χείρgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyχείρ: meaning 'hands'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

ἐπισκέπτῃyou visitV1 PMS2S · σκέπτομαι + ἐπιparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyσκέπτομαι + ἐπι: meaning 'you visit'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance.

υἱοὺςsonsN2 APM · υἱόςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyυἱός: meaning 'sons'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἀνθρώπωνof menN2 GPM · ἄνθρωποςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἄνθρωπος: meaning 'of men'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

ὁ ποιῶν δικαιοσύνην θησαυρίζει ζωὴν αὑτῷ παρὰ κυρίῳ καὶ ὁ ποιῶν ἀδικίαν αὐτὸς αἴτιος τῆς ψυχῆς ἐν ἀπωλείᾳ τὰ γὰρ κρίματα κυρίου ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ κατ' ἄνδρα καὶ οἶκον

Whoever does righteousness stores up life for himself with the Lord, but whoever does injustice is himself responsible for the ruin of his soul; for the judgments of the Lord are in righteousness for each man and his house.

Wisdom maximasyndeton

The psalm states the moral economy plainly: righteousness gathers life, while injustice brings personal ruin under God's judgments.

Word-by-word analysis· 28 words

θησαυρίζειstores upV1 PAI3S · θησαυρίζωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyθησαυρίζω: meaning 'stores up'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ζωὴνlifeN1 ASF · ζωήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyζωή: meaning 'life'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

αὑτῷfor himselfRD DSM · ἑαυτοῦdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαὑτῷ: meaning 'for himself'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

παρὰwithP · παράpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπαρὰ: meaning 'with'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

κυρίῳwith the LordN2 DSM · κύριοςdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκύριος: meaning 'with the Lord'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

αὐτὸςhe himselfRD NSM · αὐτόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαὐτός: meaning 'he himself'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.

αἴτιοςresponsibleA1A NSM · αἴτιοςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαἴτιος: meaning 'responsible'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἀπωλείᾳruinN1A DSF · ἀπώλειαdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἀπώλεια: meaning 'ruin'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

κρίματαjudgmentsN3M APN · κρίμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκρίμα: meaning 'judgments'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

κατ'for eachP · κατάpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκατ': meaning 'for each'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

ἄνδραmanN3 ASM · ἀνήρaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἀνήρ: meaning 'man'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

οἶκονhouseN2 ASM · οἶκοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyοἶκος: meaning 'house'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

τίνι χρηστεύσῃ ὁ θεός εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἐπικαλουμένοις τὸν κύριον καθαριεῖς ἐν ἁμαρτίαις ψυχὴν ἐν ἐξομολογήσει ἐν ἐξαγορίαις ὅτι αἰσχύνη ἡμῖν καὶ τοῖς προσώποις ἡμῶν περὶ ἁπάντων

To whom will God show kindness except to those who call upon the Lord? You will cleanse a soul stained with sins by confession and open acknowledgment, because shame belongs to us and to our faces for all these things.

Petition with confessionasyndeton

The prayer turns toward mercy, insisting that God shows kindness to repentant people who call on him and own their shame.

Word-by-word analysis· 27 words

τίνιto whomRI DSM · τίςdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτίς: meaning 'to whom'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.

χρηστεύσῃwill show kindnessVA AAS3S · χρηστεύομαιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyχρηστεύομαι: meaning 'will show kindness'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

εἰifC · εἰconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyεἰ: meaning 'if'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

μὴnot/exceptD · μήconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyμὴ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

τοῖςto theRA DPM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ἐπικαλουμένοιςcalling uponV2 · πμπδπμ καλέω + ἐπιparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπμπδπμ καλέω + ἐπι: meaning 'calling upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance.

τὸνtheRA ASM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτὸν: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

κύριονLordN2 ASM · κύριοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκύριος: meaning 'Lord'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

καθαριεῖςyou will cleanseVF2 FAI2S · καθαρίζωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyκαθαρίζω: meaning 'you will cleanse'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ἁμαρτίαιςsinsN1A DPF · ἁμαρτίαdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

ψυχὴνsoulN1 ASF · ψυχήaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyψυχή: meaning 'soul'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἐξομολογήσειby confessionVF FAI3S · ὁμολογέω + ἐκfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὁμολογέω + ἐκ: meaning 'by confession'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ἐξαγορίαιςby open acknowledgmentN1A DPF · ἐξαγορίαdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐξαγορία: meaning 'by open acknowledgment'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

αἰσχύνηshameN1 NSF · αἰσχύνηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαἰσχύνη: meaning 'shame'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἡμῖνto usRP DP · ἐγώdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἡμῖν: meaning 'to us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

τοῖςto theRA DPN · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτοῖς: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

προσώποιςfacesN2N DPN · πρόσωπονdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπρόσωπον: meaning 'faces'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

περὶconcerningP · περίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπερὶ: meaning 'concerning'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

ἁπάντωνall thingsA3 GPM · ἅπαςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἅπας: meaning 'all things'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

καὶ τίνι ἀφήσεις ἁμαρτίας εἰ μὴ τοῖς ἡμαρτηκόσιν δικαίους εὐλογήσεις καὶ οὐκ εὐθυνεῖς περὶ ὧν ἡμάρτοσαν καὶ ἡ χρηστότης σου ἐπὶ ἁμαρτάνοντας ἐν μεταμελείᾳ

And to whom will you forgive sins except to those who have sinned? You will bless the righteous, and you will not straighten out what sinners have done; yet your kindness rests upon those who sin when they repent.

Repentance appealasyndeton

Divine forgiveness is linked to real repentance, while the righteous are distinguished from those who persist in sin.

Word-by-word analysis· 24 words

τίνιto whomRI DSN · τίςdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτίς: meaning 'to whom'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.

ἀφήσειςwill forgiveVF FAI2S · ἵημι + ἀποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἵημι + ἀπο: meaning 'will forgive'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ἁμαρτίαςsinsN1A GSF · ἁμαρτίαgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἁμαρτία: meaning 'sins'; it serves as genitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description.

ἡμαρτηκόσινto those who have sinnedVX · χαπδπμ ἁμαρτάνωparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyχαπδπμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'to those who have sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance.

δικαίουςthe righteousA1A APM · δίκαιοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyδίκαιος: meaning 'the righteous'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

εὐλογήσειςyou will blessVF FAI2S · εὐλογέωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyεὐλογέω: meaning 'you will bless'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

οὐκnotD · οὐconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyοὐκ: meaning 'not'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

εὐθυνεῖςyou will set straightVF2 FAI2S · εὐθύνωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyεὐθύνω: meaning 'you will set straight'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ὧνwhat thingsRR GPM · ὅςgenitive term marking relation, source, possession, or description→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὅς: meaning 'what things'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.

ἡμάρτοσανthey sinnedVBI AAI3P · ἁμαρτάνωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'they sinned'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

χρηστότηςkindnessN3T NSF · χρηστότηςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyχρηστότης: meaning 'kindness'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἁμαρτάνονταςthose sinningV1 · παπαπμ ἁμαρτάνωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπαπαπμ ἁμαρτάνω: meaning 'those sinning'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

μεταμελείᾳrepentanceN1A DSF · μεταμέλειαdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyμεταμέλεια: meaning 'repentance'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

καὶ νῦν σὺ ὁ θεός καὶ ἡμεῖς λαός ὃν ἠγάπησας ἰδὲ καὶ οἰκτίρησον ὁ θεὸς Ισραηλ ὅτι σοί ἐσμεν καὶ μὴ ἀποστήσῃς ἔλεός σου ἀφ' ἡμῶν ἵνα μὴ ἐπιθῶνται ἡμῖν

And now you are God, and we are the people whom you have loved. Look and have pity, O God of Israel, because we are yours; do not turn your mercy away from us, so that they may not come upon us.

Covenant pleaasyndeton

The community asks for pity on the ground that Israel remains God's own beloved people.

Word-by-word analysis· 30 words

νῦνnowD · νῦνconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyνῦν: meaning 'now'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ἡμεῖςweRP NP · ἐγώnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἡμεῖς: meaning 'we'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

λαόςpeopleN2 NSM · λαόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyλαός: meaning 'people'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ὃνwhomRR ASM · ὅςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὅς: meaning 'whom'; it marks person, possession, or reference within the clause.

ἠγάπησαςyou lovedVAI AAI2S · ἀγαπάωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἀγαπάω: meaning 'you loved'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ἰδὲlookVB AAD2S · ὁράωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὁράω: meaning 'look'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

οἰκτίρησονhave pityVF · φαπασν οἰκτείρωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyφαπασν οἰκτείρω: meaning 'have pity'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

θεὸςGodN2 NSM · θεόςnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyθεός: meaning 'God'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

σοίyoursRP DS · σύdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyσοί: meaning 'yours'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

ἐσμενwe areV9 PAI1P · εἰμίfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyεἰμί: meaning 'we are'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ἀποστήσῃςyou should turn awayVA AAS2S · ἵστημι + ἀποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἵστημι + ἀπο: meaning 'you should turn away'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ἔλεόςmercyN3E ASN · ἔλεοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἔλεος: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἀφ'fromP · ἀπόpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἀφ': meaning 'from'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

ἐπιθῶνταιthey may come uponV2 PMS3P · θέω + ἐπιparticipial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyθέω + ἐπι: meaning 'they may come upon'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as participial verbal form supporting the clause with attendant action, manner, or circumstance.

ὅτι σὺ ᾑρετίσω τὸ σπέρμα Αβρααμ παρὰ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη καὶ ἔθου τὸ ὄνομά σου ἐφ' ἡμᾶς κύριε καὶ οὐκ ἀπώσῃ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα

For you chose the seed of Abraham above all the nations, and you set your name upon us, O Lord, and you will not cast us off forever.

Election appealasyndeton

The plea deepens by invoking Abrahamic election and the Lord's enduring claim upon his people.

Word-by-word analysis· 24 words

ᾑρετίσωyou choseVSI AAS1S · αἱρετίζωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαἱρετίζω: meaning 'you chose'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

σπέρμαseedN3M ASN · σπέρμαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyσπέρμα: meaning 'seed'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

Αβρααμof AbrahamN GSM · Ἀβραάμconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyΑβρααμ: meaning 'of Abraham'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

πάνταallA3 ASM · πᾶςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπᾶς: meaning 'all'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἔθνηnationsN3E APN · ἔθνοςaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἔθνος: meaning 'nations'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἔθουyou setVEI AMI2S · τίθημιfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτίθημι: meaning 'you set'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

ὄνομάnameN3M ASN · ὄνομαaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὄνομα: meaning 'name'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἐφ'uponP · ἐπίpreposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐφ': meaning 'upon'; here it marks the relation signaled by preposition introducing its complement and marking spatial, relational, or directional force.

ἡμᾶςusRP AP · ἐγώaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἡμᾶς: meaning 'us'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἀπώσῃyou will cast offVA AAS3S · ὠθέω + ἀποfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὠθέω + ἀπο: meaning 'you will cast off'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

αἰῶναforeverN3W ASM · αἰώνaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyαἰών: meaning 'forever'; it serves as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἐν διαθήκῃ διέθου τοῖς πατράσιν ἡμῶν περὶ ἡμῶν καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐλπιοῦμεν ἐπὶ σὲ ἐν ἐπιστροφῇ ψυχῆς ἡμῶν

You made a covenant with our fathers concerning us, and we will hope in you when our soul turns back.

Covenant assuranceasyndeton

Hope is anchored in the covenant established with the fathers and renewed in repentance.

Word-by-word analysis· 17 words

διαθήκῃcovenantN1 DSF · διαθήκηdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyδιαθήκη: meaning 'covenant'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

διέθουyou madeVEI AMI2S · τίθημι + διαfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτίθημι + δια: meaning 'you made'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

πατράσινwith the fathersN3H DPM · πατήρdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyπατήρ: meaning 'with the fathers'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

ἐλπιοῦμενwe will hopeVF2 FAI1S · ἐλπίζωfinite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐλπίζω: meaning 'we will hope'; it carries the action, process, or state of the clause; here it functions as finite verbal element carrying the clause action, process, or state.

σὲyouRP AS · σύaccusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyσὲ: meaning 'you'; pronoun marking person, possession, or reference within the clause; here it functions as accusative term functioning as object, extent, or complement.

ἐπιστροφῇturning backN1 DSF · ἐπιστροφήdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐπιστροφή: meaning 'turning back'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

τοῦ κυρίου ἡ ἐλεημοσύνη ἐπὶ οἶκον Ισραηλ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα καὶ ἔτι ἐν ὕμνοις τῷ Σαλωμων

The mercy of the Lord is upon the house of Israel forever, and further, with hymns of Solomon.

Doxological closeasyndeton

The psalm ends by affirming everlasting mercy upon Israel and attaching a brief hymnic subscription.

Word-by-word analysis· 16 words

ἐλεημοσύνηmercyN1 NSF · ἐλεημοσύνηnominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἐλεημοσύνη: meaning 'mercy'; it serves as nominative term functioning as subject, predicate, or apposition.

ἔτιfurtherD · ἔτιconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyἔτι: meaning 'further'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

ὕμνοιςwith hymnsN2 DPM · ὕμνοςdative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyὕμνος: meaning 'with hymns'; it serves as dative term marking reference, instrument, sphere, or advantage.

τῷtheRA DSM · ὁarticle or determiner marking the noun phrase→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyτῷ: Greek article marking definiteness and the role of the accompanying noun phrase.

ΣαλωμωνSolomonN DSM · Σαλωμώνconnective linking the clause or phrase to the surrounding discourse→ covenant judgment, confession, and enduring mercyΣαλωμων: meaning 'Solomon'; conjunction or particle linking this unit with the surrounding discourse.

The Psalms of Solomon, Chapter 9ΨΑΛΜΟΙ ΣΟΛΟΜΩΝΤΟΣ Θ′

Theme

Translation & textual notes