καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (narrative)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ΒοόζBoazNominativesubject (proper name)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Βοόζ: indeclinable proper name.
ΕὐλογημένηblessedPerf Pass Part Nom Sg Fem · εὐλογέωpredicate participle (verbless blessing formula)→ intensive perfect (standing blessed state)εὐλογέω: 'bless'; the perfect passive participle εὐλογημένη is a standard blessing formula in LXX, rendering Hebrew בְּרוּכָה. Boaz pronounces Ruth as standing under God's blessing.
σὺyouNominativesubject of verbless clause→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σὺ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
τῷby theDativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῷ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
κυρίῳLordDativedative of agent (blessed by the Lord)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κύριος: 'Lord'; LXX rendering of the divine name YHWH. The same God under whose wings Ruth sought refuge (2:12) now blesses her through Boaz's word.
θεῷGodDativeapposition to κυρίῳ→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.θεός: 'God'; the compound κυρίῳ θεῷ = 'Lord God' is an LXX intensifier.
θύγατερdaughterVocativevocative (address, warm and parental)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.θυγάτηρ: repeated from v.1 (Naomi's address); now from Boaz, suggesting his age and protective stance.
ὅτιbecause / forsubordinating conjunction (causal, giving the ground of the blessing)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅτι: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἠγάθυναςyou have made good / you have surpassedAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀγαθύνωmain verb of causal clause→ constative aorist (evaluative)ἀγαθύνω: 'make good, do well'; renders Hebrew הֵטַבְתְּ ('you have done well/better'). The same root appeared in v.7 of Boaz's own heart being glad.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἔλεόςkindness / steadfast loveAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἔλεος: 'mercy, kindness, steadfast love'; renders Hebrew חֶסֶד — the covenant-loyalty term central to the book of Ruth (1:8; 2:20; 3:10). Ruth's two acts of חֶסֶד: leaving Moab for Naomi (first), and now choosing the kinsman-redeemer over a young man (last/second).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σου: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive with ἔσχατον)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἔσχατονlast / latterAccusativeattributive adjective (in apposition: 'the last kindness')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἔσχατος: 'last, final'; τὸ ἔσχατον ἔλεος = 'your latter act of kindness' — i.e. the present approach to Boaz, her second great act of loyalty.
ὑπὲρbeyond / more thanpreposition + accusative (comparison: surpassing)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὑπέρ: 'over, beyond'; comparative use, 'better than.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantival: 'the first [kindness]')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πρῶτονfirstAccusativesubstantival adjective (the first act of kindness)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρῶτος: 'first'; τὸ πρῶτον = the first act of ἔλεος, viz. Ruth's leaving Moab for Naomi (1:16–18).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of purpose/result)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
μὴnotnegative particle (with infinitive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μὴ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
πορευθῆναίto goAor Pass Infin · πορεύομαιarticular infinitive of result/manner (τοῦ μὴ πορευθῆναι = 'in that you did not go')→ constative aorist infinitiveπορεύομαι: 'go, walk'; the articular infinitive with τοῦ μή expresses the concrete sign of Ruth's ἔλεος — she did not pursue young men.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σε: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ὀπίσωafter / behindadverb/improper preposition + genitive (pursuit)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὀπίσω: 'behind, after'; here as a preposition governing νεανίσκων.
νεανίσκωνyoung menGenitiveobject of ὀπίσω→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.νεανίσκος: 'young man'; renders Hebrew הַבַּחוּרִים. Boaz's observation implies Ruth could have sought a younger husband; her choice of the older kinsman-redeemer is the θεός-honoring act.
εἴτεwhethercorrelative conjunction (εἴτε ... εἴτε = 'whether ... or')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εἴτε: 'whether'; paired correlative distinguishing all possible young men.
πτωχὸςpoorNominativepredicate adjective (nominative absolute in disjunctive phrase)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πτωχός: 'poor, destitute'; renders Hebrew דַּל.
εἴτεorcorrelative conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εἴτε: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
πλούσιοςrichNominativepredicate adjective (second correlate)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πλούσιος: 'rich, wealthy'; renders Hebrew עָשִׁיר. The merism 'poor or rich' = any young man of whatever social standing.