Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Book of Ruth, Chapter 3ΡΟΥΘ Γ′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

Theme

At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.

Translation & textual notes

The Greek text follows Rahlfs–Hanhart (Septuaginta, rev. ed. 2006) as the standard critical text of the LXX, an ancient public-domain text; the distinctively copyrighted critical apparatus is not reproduced. Ruth chapter 3 is the threshing-floor scene: Naomi coaches Ruth in a nocturnal approach to Boaz that is at once bold, charged with social risk, and framed throughout by the idiom of the ἀγχιστεία ('right/duty of the near kinsman'). The LXX translation of Ruth is notably literal in its rendering of the Hebrew, a quality that makes the Greek almost a lemma-by-lemma calque of the MT and is characteristic of what scholars call a 'quantitative equivalence' technique: particles are preserved (הִנֵּה → ἰδού), the word order stays close, and even Hebrew idioms are carried across rather than rendered freely. Key vocabulary of this chapter: ἅλων (threshing floor, vv.2, 3, 6, 14), the locus of the scene; πτερύγιον (wing/garment-corner, v.9), the central symbolic gesture — 'spread your wing over your servant-girl' renders the Hebrew כְּנָפֶךָ and enacts the imagery of Boaz's earlier prayer (2:12) that God would shelter Ruth under his wings (πτέρυγες); ἀγχιστεύς / ἀγχιστεία (kinsman-redeemer / right of redemption, vv.9, 12, 13), the legal institution of the גֹּאֵל, here rendered by a rare Greek term coined or borrowed to carry the social-legal weight; γνωστός (acquaintance/close kinsman, v.2). A major LXX–MT divergence falls at v.4: LXX reads 'you shall go in and uncover from the side of his feet and shall lie down' (ἀποκαλύψεις τὰ πρὸς ποδῶν αὐτοῦ), while MT has 'uncover his feet' — the LXX formulation is slightly more circumspect. At v.15 LXX reads 'six measures of barley' without specifying units (the MT says 'six seahs'), and the subject of 'went into the city' is ambiguous: Rahlfs gives καὶ αὐτὸς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν ('and he went into the city'), i.e. Boaz, while some witnesses and the MT support 'she went.' This chapter's Greek is marked by narrative parataxis (καί-chains), frequent imperatives as Naomi directs Ruth (λοῦσαι, ἀλείψαι, περιβαλοῦ, κατάβηθι, μὴ γνωρισθῇς), and the pivotal use of ἰδού to mark Naomi's confident prediction and Boaz's startled recognition.

1

Εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῇ Νωεμιν ἡ πενθερὰ αὐτῆς· Θύγατερ, οὐ ζητήσω σοι ἀνάπαυσιν, ἵνα εὖ σοι γένηται;

Then Naomi her mother-in-law said to her: 'Daughter, shall I not seek rest for you, that it may go well with you?'

Scene-opening / narrative continuationδέ
δέ advances the narrative from chapter 2's close. Naomi's rhetorical question (οὐ ... ζητήσω;) implies an affirmative answer — 'of course I will seek rest for you.' ἀνάπαυσιν echoes 1:9 (Naomi's earlier wish for Ruth), forming an inclusio around the journey to Bethlehem.
Word-by-word analysis· 16 words
ΕἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (narrative)→ constative aorist (simple past event)λέγω: standard narrative verb of speech.
δέthenpostpositive conjunctive particle (continuative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δέ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ΝωεμινNaomiNominativesubject (nominative, proper name)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Νωεμίν: LXX transcription of Hebrew נָעֳמִי ('pleasant'). Indeclinable proper name rendered nominative here by position; kind 'n' as a declinable-context name.
theNominativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἡ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πενθερὰmother-in-lawNominativeapposition to Νωεμίν→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πενθερά: 'mother-in-law'; a kinship term rare outside the LXX in this social sense.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ΘύγατερDaughterVocativevocative (address)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.θυγάτηρ: term of address from an older woman to a younger; warm and intimate, reflecting Naomi's maternal role.
οὐnotnegative particle (rhetorically positive question)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.οὐ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ζητήσωshall I seekFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ζητέωmain verb of rhetorical question→ deliberative / promissory futureζητέω: 'seek, look for'; the future with οὐ in a question expects the answer 'yes.'
σοιfor youDativedative of advantage→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σοι: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἀνάπαυσινrestAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀνάπαυσις: 'rest, settlement'; renders Hebrew מָנוֹחַ, the settled security of a home/husband. Naomi used the same wish at 1:9 (LXX); here she moves to fulfill it.
ἵναso thatsubordinating conjunction (purpose)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἵνα: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εὖwelladverb (manner)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εὖ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
σοιfor youDativedative of reference→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σοι: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
γένηταιit may go / it may beAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιverb in purpose clause (subjunctive after ἵνα)→ constative aorist subjunctive (purpose)γίνομαι: 'be, become, happen'; idiom εὖ σοί γένηται = 'may it go well with you,' a Hebraism (טוֹב לָךְ).
2

καὶ νῦν οὐχὶ Βοὸζ γνωστὸς ἡμῶν, οὗ ἦσθα μετὰ τῶν κορασίων αὐτοῦ; ἰδοὺ αὐτὸς λικμᾷ τὸν ἅλωνα τῶν κριθῶν ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτί.

And now, is not Boaz our kinsman, with whose maidens you were? Behold, he is winnowing the threshing floor of barley this night.

Grounds / situationκαὶ
Naomi supplies the rationale for her plan: Boaz is a known kinsman (γνωστός, a step toward ἀγχιστεύς) and his nocturnal presence at the threshing floor creates the opportunity. ἰδοὺ marks a vivid, present-tense disclosure.
Word-by-word analysis· 22 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (continuative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
νῦνnowadverb of time (transitional)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.νῦν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
οὐχὶnotnegative particle (emphatic interrogative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.οὐχί: emphatic form of οὐ; with a question expects 'yes.'
ΒοὸζBoazNominativesubject (predicate nominative in verbless clause)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Βοόζ: LXX transcription of Hebrew בֹּעַז. Indeclinable proper name.
γνωστὸςa known kinsman / acquaintanceNominativepredicate adjective (verbless clause)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.γνωστός: 'known, acquaintance'; renders Hebrew מֹדַעַת (mōdaʿat), 'kinsman-acquaintance'; a social-relational term less formal than ἀγχιστεύς but pointing toward it.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship / possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἡμῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
οὗwith whomGenitiverelative pronoun (genitive by attraction)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.οὗ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἦσθαyou wereImpf Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίrelative clause verb→ progressive imperfect (continuous past state)εἰμί (impf. 2 sg.): the archaic/poetic form ἦσθα ('you were') joins the articular participle ὁ ἐξάγων to form a periphrastic imperfect: 'you were the one leading out.'
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (association)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μετὰ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τῶνtheGenitivearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
κορασίωνmaidens / young womenGenitiveobject of preposition μετά→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κοράσιον: 'girl, young woman'; a diminutive form used of Boaz's female workers (cf. 2:8, 22–23).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἰδοὺbeholdattention-marker / presentative particle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἰδού: fixed interjection rendering Hebrew הִנֵּה; introduces a vivid or surprising disclosure.
αὐτὸςheNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτὸς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
λικμᾷis winnowingPres Act Indic 3 Sg · λικμάωmain verb (vivid present)→ progressive present (ongoing activity)λικμάω: 'winnow'; renders Hebrew זֹרֶה; the agricultural process of tossing grain to separate chaff, done at night when winds were steadier.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἅλωναthreshing floorAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἅλων: 'threshing floor'; the open-air platform where grain was threshed and winnowed; the key locus of Ruth 3. Renders Hebrew גֹּרֶן.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
κριθῶνbarleyGenitivegenitive (content/type of threshing floor)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κριθή: 'barley'; the harvest just completed was the barley harvest (cf. 1:22; 2:23).
ταύτῃthisDativedemonstrative adjective (attributive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ταύτῃ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
τῇtheDativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
νυκτίnightDativedative of time (when)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.νύξ: 'night'; the nocturnal setting is important for the concealment and social risk of Ruth's approach.
3

σὺ δὲ λοῦσαι καὶ ἀλείψαι καὶ περιβαλοῦ τὴν στολήν σου ἐπὶ σέ, καὶ ἀνάβηθι εἰς τὸν ἅλωνα· μὴ γνωρισθῇς τῷ ἀνδρί, ἕως οὗ συντελέσαι αὐτὸν πιεῖν καὶ φαγεῖν.

But you, wash and anoint yourself and put your cloak on yourself, and go up to the threshing floor; do not make yourself known to the man until he has finished eating and drinking.

Instructions / directive sequenceδέ
A cascade of imperatives (λοῦσαι, ἀλείψαι, περιβαλοῦ, ἀνάβηθι) followed by a prohibition (μὴ γνωρισθῇς). The imperatives of preparation (washing, anointing, dressing) appear in both Hebrew wedding and mourning-cessation contexts. Naomi's directive is a carefully staged social strategy.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
σὺyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σὺ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
δέbut / nowpostpositive conjunctive particle (mild contrast/transition)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δέ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
λοῦσαιwash yourselfAor Mid Imper 2 Sg · λούωmain verb (imperative, directive)→ ingressive aorist imperative (begin the action)λούω: 'wash, bathe'; middle voice reflexive. The trilogy wash–anoint–dress signals the end of widowhood mourning and a transition to social presentation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἀλείψαιanoint yourselfAor Mid Imper 2 Sg · ἀλείφωcoordinated imperative (directive)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἀλείφω: 'anoint with oil'; middle reflexive. Oil/perfume was the mark of festivity and grooming; contrast mourning abstention (cf. 2 Sam 14:2).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
περιβαλοῦput on / wrap around yourselfAor Mid Imper 2 Sg · περιβάλλωcoordinated imperative (directive)→ ingressive aorist imperativeπεριβάλλω: 'throw around, clothe oneself'; middle reflexive. Putting on one's 'robe/cloak' (στολή) signals public presentability.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
στολήνcloak / garmentAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.στολή: 'robe, garment'; renders Hebrew שִׂמְלָה. The same garment-corner (κράσπεδον / πτερύγιον) will become the symbol of Boaz's protective claim in v.9.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σου: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἐπὶupon / overpreposition + accusative (covering/extending over)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐπὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
σέyourselfAccusativeobject of preposition ἐπί (reflexive sense)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σέ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἀνάβηθιgo upAor Act Imper 2 Sg · ἀναβαίνωcoordinated imperative (directive of movement)→ ingressive aorist imperativeἀναβαίνω: 'go up'; threshing floors were typically on elevated, wind-exposed ground.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction/goal)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εἰς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἅλωναthreshing floorAccusativeobject of preposition εἰς→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἅλων: 'threshing floor'; recurs from v.2; the scene's central location.
μὴnotnegative particle (prohibition with subjunctive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μὴ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
γνωρισθῇςbe made known / make yourself knownAor Pass Subj 2 Sg · γνωρίζωverb of prohibition (μή + subjunctive)→ constative aorist subjunctive (prohibitive)γνωρίζω: 'make known'; passive/middle = 'be recognized'; Naomi's instruction not to reveal Ruth's presence prematurely, safeguarding the plan.
τῷto theDativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῷ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἀνδρίmanDativedative indirect object (the one to whom she is not to be known)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀνήρ: 'man'; refers to Boaz. The indefinite-seeming 'the man' allows deniability.
ἕωςuntilsubordinating conjunction (temporal limit)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἕως: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
οὗwhich / whenGenitivegenitive in ἕως οὗ idiom ('until such time as')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἕως οὗ: fixed temporal idiom, 'until he...'
συντελέσαιhe has finishedAor Act Infin · συντελέωinfinitive in temporal clause (subject = αὐτόν)→ constative aorist infinitive (action as whole)συντελέω: 'complete, finish'; the infinitive with accusative subject (αὐτόν) in indirect construction.
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτὸν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πιεῖνdrinkingAor Act Infin · πίνωcomplementary infinitive (object of συντελέσαι)→ constative aorist infinitiveπίνω: 'drink'; the order φαγεῖν καὶ πιεῖν ('eat and drink') is reversed in the LXX of this verse (πιεῖν καὶ φαγεῖν), a minor LXX–MT variation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
φαγεῖνeatingAor Act Infin · ἐσθίωcoordinated complementary infinitive→ constative aorist infinitiveἐσθίω: 'eat'; paired with πίνω as a standard merism for a full meal.
4

καὶ ἔσται ἐν τῷ κοιμηθῆναι αὐτόν, καὶ γνώσῃ τὸν τόπον ὅπου κοιμᾶται ἐκεῖ, καὶ ἐλεύσῃ καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις τὰ πρὸς ποδῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ κοιμηθήσῃ· καὶ αὐτὸς ἀπαγγελεῖ σοι ἃ ποιήσεις.

And it shall be when he lies down, that you shall take note of the place where he lies down there, and you shall come and uncover the place at his feet and lie down; and he himself will tell you what you are to do.

Continuation of instructions / sequential actionκαὶ
The future verbs (γνώσῃ, ἐλεύσῃ, ἀποκαλύψεις, κοιμηθήσῃ, ἀπαγγελεῖ) continue Naomi's directive sequence. The final clause — 'he himself will tell you what to do' — is striking: Naomi entrusts the outcome to Boaz, implying confidence in his character.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (sequential)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἔσταιit will beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (Hebrew idiom: וְהָיָה = 'and it shall come to pass')→ predictive futureεἰμί: 'be'; ἔσται + temporal clause renders the Hebrew narrative formula וְהָיָה כְּ... (a Hebraism).
ἐνwhen / inpreposition + dative (temporal clause with articular infinitive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τῷtheDativearticle (with articular infinitive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῷ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
κοιμηθῆναιto lie downAor Pass Infin · κοιμάωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'when he lies down')→ constative aorist infinitiveκοιμάομαι: 'sleep, lie down'; a Hebraism in the ἐν τῷ + inf. construction rendering Hebrew בְּשָׁכְבוֹ.
αὐτόνhimAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτόν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶand / thencoordinating conjunction (apodosis marker)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
γνώσῃyou shall note / knowFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · γινώσκωmain verb (apodosis, future directive)→ predictive future (quasi-imperatival)γινώσκω: 'know, perceive, take note of'; used here of paying careful attention to Boaz's sleeping spot.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
τόπονplaceAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τόπος: 'place, spot'; the specific location where Boaz will sleep is the object of Ruth's nocturnal observation.
ὅπουwhererelative adverb (locative, introducing relative clause)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅπου: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
κοιμᾶταιhe lies downPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · κοιμάομαιrelative clause verb→ progressive present (vividly descriptive)κοιμάομαι: repeated from v.4a for emphasis.
ἐκεῖtherelocative adverb (correlative to ὅπου)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐκεῖ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐλεύσῃyou shall comeFut Mid Indic 2 Sg · ἔρχομαιcoordinated future directive→ predictive future (quasi-imperatival)ἔρχομαι: 'come, go'; the approach is deliberate and stealthy.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἀποκαλύψειςyou shall uncoverFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωcoordinated future directive→ predictive future (quasi-imperatival)ἀποκαλύπτω: 'uncover, reveal'; renders Hebrew וְגִלִּית. The LXX 'uncover the side/place at his feet' (τὰ πρὸς ποδῶν) is slightly more circumspect than MT 'uncover his feet.'
τὰthe things / the placeAccusativearticle (substantival, in phrase τὰ πρὸς ποδῶν)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὰ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πρὸςtoward / atpreposition + genitive (proximity/location)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρὸς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ποδῶνfeetGenitiveobject of preposition πρός (position: 'foot-end')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πούς: 'foot'; τὰ πρὸς ποδῶν = 'the things at/toward his feet,' a circumlocution.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
κοιμηθήσῃyou shall lie downFut Pass Indic 2 Sg · κοιμάομαιcoordinated future directive→ predictive future (quasi-imperatival)κοιμάομαι: third occurrence in this verse; the repetition emphasizes this as the climactic act of the sequence.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτὸς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἀπαγγελεῖwill announce / tellFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀπαγγέλλωmain verb (predictive future; subject = Boaz)→ predictive future (confident assertion)ἀπαγγέλλω: 'report back, announce'; Naomi's confidence that Boaz will take the initiative in telling Ruth what to do next.
σοιto youDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σοι: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
whatAccusativerelative pronoun (accusative direct object in relative clause)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἃ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ποιήσειςyou will do / you are to doFut Act Indic 2 Sg · ποιέωrelative clause verb (deliberative future)→ deliberative futureποιέω: 'do, act'; ἃ ποιήσεις = 'what you should do,' a deliberative future in indirect speech.
5

εἶπεν δὲ αὐτῇ Ρουθ· Πάντα, ὅσα ἂν εἴπῃς, ποιήσω.

And Ruth said to her: 'All that you say, I will do.'

Response / complianceδέ
Ruth's brief but absolute assent echoes her declaration at 1:16–17. The compressed form (πάντα ὅσα ἂν εἴπῃς ποιήσω) signals total surrender to Naomi's plan; no hesitation or qualification is voiced.
Word-by-word analysis· 9 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (narrative)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δέand / thenpostpositive conjunctive particle (continuative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δέ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ΡουθRuthNominativesubject (nominative, proper name)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Ρούθ: LXX transcription of Hebrew רוּת. Indeclinable; kind 'n' as personal name in nominative slot.
Πάνταall thingsAccusativedirect object (fronted for emphasis)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πᾶς: 'all, every'; fronted before the relative clause for rhetorical completeness.
ὅσαas many as / whateverAccusativecorrelative relative pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅσος: 'as many as, whatever'; correlative with πάντα.
ἂνevermodal particle (generalizing with ἐάν/ἄν + subjunctive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἂν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἴπῃςyou may sayAor Act Subj 2 Sg · λέγωverb in relative clause (ὅσα ἄν + subjunctive = indefinite relative)→ constative aorist subjunctive (indefinite)λέγω: 'say'; ὅσα ἂν εἴπῃς = 'whatever you say'; generalizing construction rendering Hebrew אֲשֶׁר תֹּאמְרִי.
ποιήσωI will doFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb of Ruth's reply (apodosis)→ promissory futureποιέω: 'do, carry out'; Ruth's promise of full compliance.
6

καὶ κατέβη εἰς τὸν ἅλωνα καὶ ἐποίησεν κατὰ πάντα, ὅσα ἐνετείλατο αὐτῇ ἡ πενθερὰ αὐτῆς.

And she went down to the threshing floor and did according to all that her mother-in-law had commanded her.

Execution / narrative actionκαὶ
The narrator confirms Ruth's complete obedience in a single compound sentence: κατέβη (descent to the threshing floor) and ἐποίησεν κατὰ πάντα (total execution of Naomi's instructions). The echo of 'all that' (πάντα ὅσα) from v.5 closes the instruction-compliance bracket.
Word-by-word analysis· 15 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
κατέβηshe went downAor Act Indic 3 Sg · καταβαίνωmain verb (narrative action)→ constative aorist (single past event)καταβαίνω: 'go down'; note the reversal from Naomi's ἀνάβηθι (v.3) — the threshing floor required going up from town but Ruth now descends into the narrative action.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal of movement)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εἰς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἅλωναthreshing floorAccusativeobject of preposition εἰς→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἅλων: third occurrence (vv.2, 3, 6); the word anchors the chapter's setting.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐποίησενshe didAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωcoordinated main verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do, carry out'; resumes Ruth's own ποιήσω of v.5 — promise met by performance.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard of conformity)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κατὰ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
πάνταallAccusativeobject of preposition κατά (adverbial accusative of degree)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πᾶς: 'all'; κατὰ πάντα = 'in accordance with everything.'
ὅσαas many things as / all thatAccusativecorrelative relative pronoun (object of ἐποίησεν via κατά)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅσος: correlative with πάντα; 'all that she commanded.'
ἐνετείλατοhad commandedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἐντέλλομαιrelative clause verb→ constative aorist (prior completed command)ἐντέλλομαι: 'command, give orders to'; renders Hebrew צִוְּתָה. A stronger term than εἴπῃς (v.5), elevating Naomi's instruction to a command.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
theNominativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἡ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πενθερὰmother-in-lawNominativesubject of ἐνετείλατο→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πενθερά: 'mother-in-law'; recurring title for Naomi (vv.1, 6, 16, 17).
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
7

ἔφαγεν δὲ Βοὸζ καὶ ἔπιεν καὶ ἠγαθύνθη ἡ καρδία αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἦλθεν κοιμηθῆναι ἐν μερίδι τῆς στοιβῆς· καὶ ἦλθεν ἐν κρυφῇ καὶ ἀπεκάλυψεν τὰ πρὸς ποδῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκοιμήθη.

And Boaz ate and drank, and his heart was merry, and he came to lie down at the end of the heap of grain; then she came secretly and uncovered the place at his feet and lay down.

Narrative setting / actionδέ
The verse divides into two halves: Boaz's evening (eating, drinking, a merry heart, lying down) and Ruth's arrival (ἐν κρυφῇ, secretly). The merry heart of Boaz is not a note of inebriation but of contented festivity (cf. Eccl 9:7); it prepares for his startled awakening in v.8.
Word-by-word analysis· 29 words
ἔφαγενateAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐσθίωmain verb (narrative)→ constative aoristἐσθίω: 'eat'; paired with ἔπιεν as the standard merism for a meal, as Naomi anticipated.
δέand / nowpostpositive conjunctive particle (scene transition)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δέ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ΒοὸζBoazNominativesubject (proper name)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Βοόζ: indeclinable proper name.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἔπιενdrankAor Act Indic 3 Sg · πίνωcoordinated main verb→ constative aoristπίνω: 'drink'; cf. v.3 (πιεῖν καὶ φαγεῖν).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἠγαθύνθηwas made glad / became merryAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ἀγαθύνωcoordinated main verb→ constative aorist (resultative state)ἀγαθύνω: 'make glad, benefit'; the passive ἠγαθύνθη renders Hebrew וַיִּיטַב ('was good/merry'). The idiom 'his heart was glad' describes contentment after a meal.
theNominativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἡ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καρδίαheartNominativesubject of ἠγαθύνθη→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καρδία: 'heart'; the Hebrew לֵב (heart) as the seat of mood and decision-making.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἦλθενhe cameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιcoordinated main verb (subject = Boaz)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come, go'; Boaz moves to his sleeping place.
κοιμηθῆναιto lie downAor Pass Infin · κοιμάομαιinfinitive of purpose (after ἦλθεν)→ constative aorist infinitiveκοιμάομαι: 'sleep, lie down'; this time as purpose infinitive rather than articular.
ἐνat / bypreposition + dative (location)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
μερίδιthe end / edge / portionDativeobject of preposition ἐν→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μερίς: 'portion, side, edge'; renders Hebrew בִּקְצֵה הָעֲרֵמָה ('at the end of the heap'). The LXX uses μερίς where the MT has 'end/edge.'
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
στοιβῆςheap / pile of grainGenitivegenitive (content: heap of grain)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.στοιβή: 'heap, pile'; renders Hebrew הָעֲרֵמָה (the grain-heap). A hapax in the LXX Ruth; agricultural vocabulary.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (new subject: Ruth)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἦλθενshe cameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (new subject = Ruth, implied)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: subject shifts without a stated noun — the reader understands Ruth acts now.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
κρυφῇsecret / stealthDativedative of manner (ἐν κρυφῇ = 'secretly')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κρυφή: 'secrecy'; the adverbial phrase ἐν κρυφῇ renders Hebrew בַּלָּט ('quietly, stealthily'). Ruth's approach is covert to avoid social scandal.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἀπεκάλυψενshe uncoveredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαλύπτωcoordinated main verb→ constative aoristἀποκαλύπτω: same verb as v.4; Ruth executes exactly what Naomi instructed.
τὰthe things / the placeAccusativearticle (substantival in phrase τὰ πρὸς ποδῶν)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὰ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πρὸςat / towardpreposition + genitive (proximity)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρὸς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ποδῶνfeetGenitiveobject of preposition πρός→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πούς: 'foot'; the foot-end uncovering repeats from v.4, confirming Ruth's full compliance.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐκοιμήθηshe lay downAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · κοιμάομαιcoordinated main verb→ constative aoristκοιμάομαι: 'sleep, lie down'; the final act of Ruth's approach, fully executing Naomi's plan.
8

ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν μέσῳ τῆς νυκτὸς καὶ ἐξέστη ὁ ἀνὴρ καὶ ἐταράχθη, καὶ ἰδοὺ γυνὴ κοιμᾶται πρὸς ποδῶν αὐτοῦ.

And it came to pass in the middle of the night that the man was startled and turned, and behold, a woman was lying at his feet.

Scene break / turning pointδέ
The ἐγένετο δέ formula (rendering Hebrew וַיְהִי) marks a narrative hinge. Boaz's double reaction (ἐξέστη, ἐταράχθη) conveys shock and alarm; ἰδοὺ again marks dramatic discovery — the reader now sees what Boaz sees.
Word-by-word analysis· 19 words
ἐγένετοit came to passAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (narrative formula: ἐγένετο δέ + temporal)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'happen, come to be'; ἐγένετο δέ renders the Hebrew וַיְהִי narrative opening formula — a Hebraism pervasive in LXX narrative.
δέand / nowpostpositive conjunctive particle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δέ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐνin / atpreposition + dative (temporal setting)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
μέσῳmiddleDativeobject of preposition ἐν (temporal: ἐν μέσῳ νυκτός = 'at midnight')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μέσος: 'middle'; ἐν μέσῳ τῆς νυκτός = 'in the middle of the night'; renders Hebrew בַּחֲצִי הַלַּיְלָה ('at midnight').
τῆςof theGenitivearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
νυκτὸςnightGenitivegenitive (partitive: 'middle of the night')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.νύξ: 'night'; from the νυκτί of v.2, the chapter has moved fully into the darkness.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (apodosis of ἐγένετο formula)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐξέστηwas startled / shudderedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐξίστημιmain verb (apodosis)→ constative aorist (sudden event)ἐξίστημι: 'stand aside, be astounded, startle'; renders Hebrew וַיֶּחֱרַד ('he trembled/was startled'). The verb can denote turning as well as alarm.
theNominativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὁ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἀνὴρmanNominativesubject→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀνήρ: 'man'; Boaz again called 'the man' as in vv.3, 4 — both anonymous social distance and narrative tension.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐταράχθηwas troubled / disturbedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · ταράσσωcoordinated main verb→ constative aoristταράσσω: 'disturb, agitate'; LXX addition or interpretive rendering; the MT simply has 'he turned' (וַיִּלָּפֵת). The LXX emphasizes the emotional reaction.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (introducing discovery)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἰδοὺbeholdpresentative / attention-marker→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἰδού: renders Hebrew וְהִנֵּה; marks vivid dramatic discovery from Boaz's perspective.
γυνὴa womanNominativesubject of κοιμᾶται (predicate in existential clause)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.γυνή: 'woman, wife'; Ruth is unnamed from Boaz's perspective — he does not yet know who it is.
κοιμᾶταιis lyingPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · κοιμάομαιmain verb of ἰδοὺ clause (vivid present)→ progressive present (ongoing state Boaz observes)κοιμάομαι: 'lie down, sleep'; the vivid present renders the scene as Boaz perceives it in the moment.
πρὸςat / towardpreposition + genitive (proximity: foot-end location)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρὸς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ποδῶνfeetGenitiveobject of preposition πρός→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πούς: 'foot'; the fourth πρὸς ποδῶν / ποδῶν reference in the chapter, binding the enacted plan to its discovery.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
9

εἶπεν δέ· Τίς εἶ σύ; ἡ δὲ εἶπεν· Ἐγώ εἰμι Ρουθ ἡ δούλη σου, καὶ περιβαλεῖς τὸ πτερύγιόν σου ἐπὶ τὴν δούλην σου, ὅτι ἀγχιστεὺς εἶ σύ.

And he said: 'Who are you?' And she said: 'I am Ruth your servant-girl; and you shall spread your wing over your servant-girl, because you are a kinsman-redeemer.'

Exchange / petitionδέ
The chapter's crux verse. Boaz's question (Τίς εἶ σύ;) is met by Ruth's self-identification and petition. πτερύγιον ('wing/garment-corner') fuses the legal claim of ἀγχιστεία with the imagery of divine sheltering wings (cf. 2:12). The petition is bold, legally grounded, and theologically freighted.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (narrative, subject = Boaz)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
δέandpostpositive conjunctive particle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δέ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ΤίςWhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate nominative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τίς: 'who?'; interrogative pronoun, predicative use.
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopulative verb (Τίς εἶ = identity question)→ gnomic / stative presentεἰμί: copula; 'who are you?' The question is urgent — the darkness prevents visual identification.
σύyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σύ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
theNominativearticle (introducing Ruth's reply: ἡ δέ)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἡ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
δὲand / butpostpositive conjunctive particle (change of speaker)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἡ δέ: standard LXX/NT idiom for switching subject ('she then said').
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (subject = Ruth, via ἡ δέ)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ἘγώINominativeemphatic subject pronoun (self-identification)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Ἐγώ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
εἰμιamPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopulative verb (self-identification formula)→ stative presentεἰμί: Ἐγώ εἰμι + name = the ancient self-identification formula.
ΡουθRuthNominativepredicate nominative (self-identification)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Ρούθ: indeclinable proper name.
theNominativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἡ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
δούληservant-girl / slave-girlNominativeapposition to Ρούθ (humble self-designation)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δούλη: 'female slave/servant'; renders Hebrew אֲמָתֶךָ. Ruth uses the humbler term (δούλη vs. the slightly higher παιδίσκη she used in 2:13) as a form of self-abasement before a social superior.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with δούλη)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σου: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (introducing the petition)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
περιβαλεῖςyou shall spread / wrapFut Act Indic 2 Sg · περιβάλλωmain verb of petition (imperatival future)→ imperatival future (request/petition)περιβάλλω: 'throw around, spread over'; here the future is used as a petition ('please spread'). Renders Hebrew וּפָרַשְׂתָּ כְנָפֶךָ ('spread your wing/skirt').
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πτερύγιόνwing / garment-cornerAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πτερύγιον: 'little wing, edge, hem'; renders Hebrew כָּנָף ('wing, garment-corner'). In 2:12 Boaz prayed that YHWH's wings (πτέρυγες) would shelter Ruth; here Ruth invites Boaz to embody that very sheltering — an enacted symbol of the kinsman-redeemer's protective claim. The word also denotes the tasseled garment-corner (tzitzit) of the Israelite's cloak.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession (with πτερύγιον)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σου: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἐπὶover / uponpreposition + accusative (extension over)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐπὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
δούληνservant-girlAccusativeobject of preposition ἐπί→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δούλη: repeated self-designation; the double use of δούλη (nom. and acc.) in this verse reinforces Ruth's humble posture within a bold petition.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σου: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ὅτιbecause / forsubordinating conjunction (causal)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅτι: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἀγχιστεὺςkinsman-redeemerNominativepredicate nominative (verbless clause)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀγχιστεύς: 'near kinsman, kinsman-redeemer'; renders Hebrew גֹּאֵל. A legal term for the male relative who has the right and duty to redeem property, marry a widow, and perpetuate the deceased kinsman's name. The word is effectively coined or borrowed into LXX Greek for this institution. The causal ὅτι grounds Ruth's claim in Boaz's legal status.
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopulative verb (verbless clause supplied)→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; the copula of the predicate-adjective construction; though present in form, it carries the past sense of Saul's former lowliness.
σύyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun (you yourself)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σύ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
10

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ Βοόζ· Εὐλογημένη σὺ τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ, θύγατερ· ὅτι ἠγάθυνας τὸ ἔλεός σου τὸ ἔσχατον ὑπὲρ τὸ πρῶτον, τοῦ μὴ πορευθῆναί σε ὀπίσω νεανίσκων, εἴτε πτωχὸς εἴτε πλούσιος.

And Boaz said to her: 'Blessed are you by the Lord God, daughter; for you have made your last act of kindness better than the first, in that you have not gone after young men, whether poor or rich.'

Response / blessingκαὶ
Boaz pronounces a blessing (Εὐλογημένη) before addressing the ἀγχιστεία issue. He reframes Ruth's petition as an act of ἔλεος ('covenant loyalty/kindness'), surpassing her first (leaving Moab for Naomi). The comparison 'not after young men' hints at what Ruth's approach could have meant; Boaz commends her choice of legal-redemptive marriage over romantic preference.
Word-by-word analysis· 30 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (narrative)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ΒοόζBoazNominativesubject (proper name)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Βοόζ: indeclinable proper name.
ΕὐλογημένηblessedPerf Pass Part Nom Sg Fem · εὐλογέωpredicate participle (verbless blessing formula)→ intensive perfect (standing blessed state)εὐλογέω: 'bless'; the perfect passive participle εὐλογημένη is a standard blessing formula in LXX, rendering Hebrew בְּרוּכָה. Boaz pronounces Ruth as standing under God's blessing.
σὺyouNominativesubject of verbless clause→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σὺ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
τῷby theDativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῷ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
κυρίῳLordDativedative of agent (blessed by the Lord)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κύριος: 'Lord'; LXX rendering of the divine name YHWH. The same God under whose wings Ruth sought refuge (2:12) now blesses her through Boaz's word.
θεῷGodDativeapposition to κυρίῳ→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.θεός: 'God'; the compound κυρίῳ θεῷ = 'Lord God' is an LXX intensifier.
θύγατερdaughterVocativevocative (address, warm and parental)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.θυγάτηρ: repeated from v.1 (Naomi's address); now from Boaz, suggesting his age and protective stance.
ὅτιbecause / forsubordinating conjunction (causal, giving the ground of the blessing)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅτι: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἠγάθυναςyou have made good / you have surpassedAor Act Indic 2 Sg · ἀγαθύνωmain verb of causal clause→ constative aorist (evaluative)ἀγαθύνω: 'make good, do well'; renders Hebrew הֵטַבְתְּ ('you have done well/better'). The same root appeared in v.7 of Boaz's own heart being glad.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἔλεόςkindness / steadfast loveAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἔλεος: 'mercy, kindness, steadfast love'; renders Hebrew חֶסֶד — the covenant-loyalty term central to the book of Ruth (1:8; 2:20; 3:10). Ruth's two acts of חֶסֶד: leaving Moab for Naomi (first), and now choosing the kinsman-redeemer over a young man (last/second).
σουyourGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σου: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (attributive with ἔσχατον)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἔσχατονlast / latterAccusativeattributive adjective (in apposition: 'the last kindness')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἔσχατος: 'last, final'; τὸ ἔσχατον ἔλεος = 'your latter act of kindness' — i.e. the present approach to Boaz, her second great act of loyalty.
ὑπὲρbeyond / more thanpreposition + accusative (comparison: surpassing)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὑπέρ: 'over, beyond'; comparative use, 'better than.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantival: 'the first [kindness]')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πρῶτονfirstAccusativesubstantival adjective (the first act of kindness)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρῶτος: 'first'; τὸ πρῶτον = the first act of ἔλεος, viz. Ruth's leaving Moab for Naomi (1:16–18).
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive of purpose/result)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
μὴnotnegative particle (with infinitive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μὴ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
πορευθῆναίto goAor Pass Infin · πορεύομαιarticular infinitive of result/manner (τοῦ μὴ πορευθῆναι = 'in that you did not go')→ constative aorist infinitiveπορεύομαι: 'go, walk'; the articular infinitive with τοῦ μή expresses the concrete sign of Ruth's ἔλεος — she did not pursue young men.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σε: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ὀπίσωafter / behindadverb/improper preposition + genitive (pursuit)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὀπίσω: 'behind, after'; here as a preposition governing νεανίσκων.
νεανίσκωνyoung menGenitiveobject of ὀπίσω→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.νεανίσκος: 'young man'; renders Hebrew הַבַּחוּרִים. Boaz's observation implies Ruth could have sought a younger husband; her choice of the older kinsman-redeemer is the θεός-honoring act.
εἴτεwhethercorrelative conjunction (εἴτε ... εἴτε = 'whether ... or')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εἴτε: 'whether'; paired correlative distinguishing all possible young men.
πτωχὸςpoorNominativepredicate adjective (nominative absolute in disjunctive phrase)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πτωχός: 'poor, destitute'; renders Hebrew דַּל.
εἴτεorcorrelative conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εἴτε: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
πλούσιοςrichNominativepredicate adjective (second correlate)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πλούσιος: 'rich, wealthy'; renders Hebrew עָשִׁיר. The merism 'poor or rich' = any young man of whatever social standing.
11

καὶ νῦν, θύγατερ, μὴ φοβοῦ· πάντα, ὅσα ἐὰν εἴπῃς, ποιήσω σοι· οἶδεν γὰρ πᾶσα φυλὴ τοῦ λαοῦ μου ὅτι γυνὴ δυνάμεως εἶ σύ.

And now, daughter, do not be afraid; all that you say I will do for you; for all the tribe of my people knows that you are a woman of worth.

Reassurance / commitmentκαὶ
Boaz reassures Ruth (μὴ φοβοῦ) and mirrors back her own formula from v.5 (πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν εἴπῃς ποιήσω) — a striking echo. The warrant for his acceptance is the community's existing reputation of Ruth: γυνὴ δυνάμεως, 'a woman of worth/valor' (the feminine of גִּבּוֹר חַיִל).
Word-by-word analysis· 23 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
νῦνnowadverb of time (transitional)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.νῦν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
θύγατερdaughterVocativevocative (address)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.θυγάτηρ: third occurrence of Boaz/Naomi's address to Ruth in this chapter (vv.1, 10, 11).
μὴnotnegative particle (prohibition with present imperative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μὴ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
φοβοῦfear / be afraidPres Mid Imper 2 Sg · φοβέομαιmain verb (prohibition: μή + present imperative = stop fearing)→ progressive present imperative (cessation of ongoing fear)φοβέομαι: 'fear, be afraid'; μὴ φοβοῦ is the classic OT/LXX reassurance formula (cf. Gen 26:24; Josh 1:9).
πάνταall thingsAccusativedirect object (fronted for emphasis)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πᾶς: cf. Ruth's own πάντα ὅσα in v.5; Boaz mirrors her language.
ὅσαwhateverAccusativecorrelative relative pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅσος: correlative with πάντα.
ἐὰνif / everconditional particle (generalizing with subjunctive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐάν = εἰ + ἄν; with subjunctive forms an indefinite relative ('whatever you say').
εἴπῃςyou sayAor Act Subj 2 Sg · λέγωverb of indefinite relative clause→ constative aorist subjunctive (indefinite)λέγω: Boaz echoes Ruth's own phrase from v.5 almost verbatim.
ποιήσωI will doFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ποιέωmain verb (promissory future)→ promissory futureποιέω: Boaz's mirror-promise to Ruth.
σοιfor youDativedative of advantage→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σοι: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
οἶδενknowsPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · οἶδαmain verb of γάρ clause (ground for promise)→ intensive perfect (settled knowledge)οἶδα: 'know'; the perfect with present force. The community's knowledge of Ruth's reputation is Boaz's warrant.
γὰρforpostpositive explanatory/causal conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.γὰρ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
πᾶσαall / everyNominativeattributive adjective modifying φυλή→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πᾶς: 'all, every'; πᾶσα φυλή = 'the whole tribe/assembly.'
φυλὴtribe / gate-assemblyNominativesubject of οἶδεν→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.φυλή: 'tribe'; renders Hebrew שַׁעַר ('gate'), i.e. the civic/legal assembly at the city gate. LXX uses φυλή (tribe) rather than the more precise πύλη (gate), a known LXX–MT divergence here.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
λαοῦpeopleGenitivegenitive of belonging→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.λαός: 'people'; τοῦ λαοῦ μου = 'my people,' i.e. Israel; Boaz aligns himself with the covenant community.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μου: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ὅτιthatsubordinating conjunction (indirect statement after οἶδεν)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅτι: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
γυνὴwomanNominativesubject of verbless clause→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.γυνή: 'woman'; γυνὴ δυνάμεως = woman of valor/worth.
δυνάμεωςof worth / of valorGenitivegenitive of quality (attributive genitive: 'woman of worth')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δύναμις: 'power, strength, worth'; renders Hebrew חַיִל. The phrase אֵשֶׁת חַיִל / γυνὴ δυνάμεως ('woman of valor/worth') is the Prov 31:10 epithet; Boaz applies it to Ruth. This is the same word Boaz himself is described by (2:1: אִישׁ גִּבּוֹר חָיִל = 'a man of great standing').
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopulative verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; the copula of the predicate-adjective construction; though present in form, it carries the past sense of Saul's former lowliness.
σύyouNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σύ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
12

καὶ νῦν ὅτι ἀληθῶς ἀγχιστεύς εἰμι ἐγώ, καὶ ἔστιν ἀγχιστεὺς ἐγγίων ὑπὲρ ἐμέ.

And now, truly I am a kinsman-redeemer, and yet there is a kinsman-redeemer nearer than I.

Complication / disclosureκαὶ
Boaz acknowledges his ἀγχιστεία status (ἀληθῶς, 'truly' — the word is emphatic) but immediately introduces the complication: a nearer kinsman exists. The repetition of ἀγχιστεύς within one verse signals the legal centrality of the term; the comparative ἐγγίων ('nearer') frames the obstacle for chapter 4.
Word-by-word analysis· 13 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
νῦνnowadverb of time (transitional: 'and now' introduces a new point)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.νῦν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ὅτιthat / trulysubordinating conjunction (content / asseverative: 'that indeed')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅτι: here likely asseverative ('it is indeed true that'), reinforced by ἀληθῶς, rendering Hebrew כִּי ('for, indeed').
ἀληθῶςtruly / indeedadverb of affirmation→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀληθῶς: 'truly, indeed'; LXX addition emphasizing Boaz's genuine acknowledgment; renders Hebrew אָמְנָם ('indeed').
ἀγχιστεύςkinsman-redeemerNominativepredicate nominative→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀγχιστεύς: Boaz's second acknowledgment of the legal role (cf. v.9); he confirms what Ruth asserted.
εἰμιI amPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εἰμίcopulative verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος renders אֲנִי יהוה.
ἐγώINominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐγώ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶand yet / butcoordinating conjunction (adversative nuance)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἔστινthere isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίexistential verb→ stative present (existential)εἰμί: existential use, 'there is a...'
ἀγχιστεὺςkinsman-redeemerNominativesubject of existential ἔστιν→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀγχιστεύς: the unnamed nearer kinsman of chapter 4; his existence is the legal obstacle Boaz must navigate.
ἐγγίωνnearerNominativeattributive adjective modifying ἀγχιστεύς (comparative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐγγίων: comparative of ἐγγύς ('near'); 'nearer [than I].' The Hebrew קָרוֹב מִמֶּנִּי ('nearer than I') is rendered literally.
ὑπὲρthan / beyondpreposition + accusative (comparative standard: 'nearer than')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὑπέρ: comparative use as in v.10.
ἐμέmeAccusativeobject of preposition ὑπέρ (comparative standard)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐμέ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
13

αὐλίσθητι τὴν νύκτα, καὶ ἔσται τὸ πρωί, ἐὰν ἀγχιστεύσῃ σε ἀγαθόν, ἀγχιστευέτω· εἰ δὲ μὴ βούλεται ἀγχιστεῦσαί σε, ἀγχιστεύσω σε ἐγώ, ζῇ κύριος· κοιμήθητι ἕως πρωί.

Lodge here this night, and in the morning, if he will redeem you, good — let him redeem; but if he does not wish to redeem you, I myself will redeem you, as the Lord lives. Lie down until morning.

Commitment / conditional resolutionasyndeton
Boaz frames the resolution as a conditional: the nearer kinsman has first right, but if he declines, Boaz himself commits under a divine oath (ζῇ κύριος — 'as the Lord lives,' the standard Hebrew oath formula). The repeated ἀγχιστεύω (five times across vv.12–13) signals the legal stakes. The chapter's last imperative (κοιμήθητι) closes the threshing-floor scene in darkness.
Word-by-word analysis· 26 words
αὐλίσθητιlodge / spend the nightAor Pass Imper 2 Sg · αὐλίζομαιmain verb (imperative, directive)→ ingressive aorist imperativeαὐλίζομαι: 'camp, lodge, spend the night'; renders Hebrew לִינִי ('stay the night'). Boaz instructs Ruth to remain until morning.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
νύκταnightAccusativeaccusative of time (duration: 'this night')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.νύξ: 'night'; the same night of the chapter, now to be extended to morning.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἔσταιit will beFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (narrative formula: ἔσται + temporal)→ predictive futureεἰμί: ἔσται τὸ πρωί = 'it will be in the morning'; Hebrew formula אָז בַּבֹּקֶר.
τὸtheNominativearticle (with substantival πρωί)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πρωίmorningNominativesubject of ἔσται (temporal: 'when morning comes')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρωί: 'early morning'; here used as a noun with the article.
ἐὰνifconditional conjunction (protasis of first-class condition)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐὰν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἀγχιστεύσῃhe redeemsAor Act Subj 3 Sg · ἀγχιστεύωverb of conditional protasis→ constative aorist subjunctive (conditional)ἀγχιστεύω: 'act as kinsman-redeemer, redeem'; the verb form of ἀγχιστεύς; first of four occurrences in this verse.
σεyouAccusativedirect object (accusative of person redeemed)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σε: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἀγαθόνgoodNominativepredicate adjective (verbless exclamation: 'it is good!')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀγαθός: 'good'; a concise exclamation of approval — 'fine, let it be!' Renders Hebrew טוֹב ('good').
ἀγχιστευέτωlet him redeemPres Act Imper 3 Sg · ἀγχιστεύωmain verb (third-person imperative: jussive)→ progressive present imperative (permissive jussive)ἀγχιστεύω: jussive 'let him redeem'; Boaz graciously concedes the nearer kinsman's prior right.
εἰbut ifconditional conjunction (second condition, with δέ: adversative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εἰ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
δὲbutpostpositive adversative particle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δὲ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
μὴnotnegative particle (with conditional)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μὴ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
βούλεταιhe wishes / wantsPres Mid Indic 3 Sg · βούλομαιverb of second conditional protasis→ stative present (unwillingness)βούλομαι: 'will, wish, desire'; renders Hebrew לֹא יַחְפֹּץ ('does not wish/delight'). The deliberateness of βούλομαι makes refusal a conscious choice.
ἀγχιστεῦσαίto redeemAor Act Infin · ἀγχιστεύωcomplementary infinitive (object of βούλεται)→ constative aorist infinitiveἀγχιστεύω: third occurrence; the infinitive as object of the verb of volition.
σεyouAccusativedirect object of infinitive→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σε: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἀγχιστεύσωI will redeemFut Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀγχιστεύωmain verb of apodosis (promissory future)→ promissory future (sworn commitment)ἀγχιστεύω: fourth occurrence; Boaz's firm personal promise to redeem Ruth.
σεyouAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σε: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἐγώI myselfNominativeemphatic subject pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐγώ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ζῇlivesPres Act Indic 3 Sg · ζάωmain verb of oath formula (ζῇ κύριος)→ stative present (formula)ζάω: 'live'; ζῇ κύριος = 'as the Lord lives'; the standard Hebrew oath formula חַי יְהוָה — the strongest possible personal commitment.
κύριοςthe LordNominativesubject of ζῇ (in oath formula)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κύριος: 'Lord'; renders YHWH; the oath grounds Boaz's promise in the character of the covenanting God.
κοιμήθητιlie down / sleepAor Pass Imper 2 Sg · κοιμάομαιclosing imperative→ ingressive aorist imperativeκοιμάομαι: the final occurrence of the κοιμ- root in the chapter (vv.4, 7, 7, 8, 13); the threshing-floor scene closes with darkness and rest.
ἕωςuntilsubordinating conjunction (temporal limit)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἕως: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
πρωίmorningtemporal adverb (object of ἕως: 'until morning')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρωί: 'morning'; second occurrence in the verse, forming a bracket.
14

καὶ ἐκοιμήθη πρὸς ποδῶν αὐτοῦ ἕως πρωί. καὶ ἀνέστη πρὸ τοῦ ἐπιγνῶναι ἄνδρα τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ· καὶ εἶπεν Βοόζ· Μὴ γνωσθήτω ὅτι ἦλθεν γυνὴ εἰς τὸν ἅλωνα.

And she lay at his feet until morning. And she arose before a man could recognize his neighbor. And Boaz said: 'Let it not be known that a woman came to the threshing floor.'

Narrative closure of the threshing-floor sceneκαὶ
Three brief actions: Ruth's lying at his feet (obedience), rising before dawn (concealment), and Boaz's precautionary instruction. The repetition of ἅλων closes the chapter's setting. The prohibition (μὴ γνωσθήτω) shows Boaz protecting Ruth's reputation — a legal and social concern.
Word-by-word analysis· 27 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐκοιμήθηshe layAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · κοιμάομαιmain verb (narrative)→ constative aoristκοιμάομαι: closure of the night's action; Ruth's remaining in place fulfills Boaz's κοιμήθητι (v.13).
πρὸςatpreposition + genitive (location: foot-end)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρὸς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ποδῶνfeetGenitiveobject of πρός→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πούς: 'foot'; final occurrence of the πρὸς ποδῶν phrase (cf. vv.4, 7, 8, 14).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἕωςuntilsubordinating conjunction (temporal limit)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἕως: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
πρωίmorningtemporal adverb (limit of lying down)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρωί: third occurrence in the chapter (vv.13, 13, 14); the dawn horizon that concludes the night scene.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἀνέστηshe aroseAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀνίστημιmain verb (narrative, subject = Ruth)→ constative aorist (single event)ἀνίστημι: 'rise, stand up'; Ruth's early rising is a practical act of self-concealment.
πρὸbeforepreposition + genitive (temporal: prior to)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρὸ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (with articular infinitive: πρὸ τοῦ + inf. = 'before')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἐπιγνῶναιto recognize / to knowAor Act Infin · ἐπιγινώσκωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'before anyone recognized')→ constative aorist infinitiveἐπιγινώσκω: 'recognize, know fully'; the compound ἐπι- strengthens 'know' to 'clearly identify/recognize.'
ἄνδραa manAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀνήρ: 'man'; the indefinite ἄνδρα = 'any man'; the expression 'before a man could recognize his neighbor' idiomatically means 'in the dark before dawn.'
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πλησίονneighborAccusativedirect object of infinitive→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πλησίον: 'near-one, neighbor'; renders Hebrew רֵעֵהוּ ('his fellow'); the idiom 'recognize one's neighbor' = sufficient light to see.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession (belonging to ἄνδρα)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (subject = Boaz)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΒοόζBoazNominativesubject (proper name)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Βοόζ: indeclinable proper name.
Μὴnot / let notnegative particle (prohibition with 3rd-person aorist subjunctive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Μὴ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
γνωσθήτωlet it be knownAor Pass Subj 3 Sg · γινώσκωjussive prohibitive (μή + aorist subjunctive 3rd person)→ constative aorist subjunctive (prohibitive jussive)γινώσκω: 'know'; passive = 'be known, become known'; Boaz's protective instruction safeguards Ruth's reputation.
ὅτιthatsubordinating conjunction (content of γνωσθήτω)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅτι: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἦλθενcameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιverb of content clause→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: 'come'; what must not become known is the nocturnal visit.
γυνὴa womanNominativesubject of ἦλθεν→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.γυνή: 'woman'; Ruth remains unnamed in the protective formulation — anonymity as shelter.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal of coming)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εἰς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἅλωναthreshing floorAccusativeobject of εἰς→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἅλων: fifth and final occurrence (vv.2, 3, 6, 14, 14); the threshing floor is the chapter's binding locale.
15

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ· Φέρε τὸ περίζωμα τὸ ἐπί σοι καὶ κράτει αὐτό. καὶ ἐκράτησεν αὐτό. καὶ ἐμέτρησεν ἓξ κριθῶν καὶ ἐπέθηκεν ἐπ᾽ αὐτήν· καὶ εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν.

And he said to her: 'Bring the shawl that is on you and hold it.' And she held it. And he measured out six measures of barley and put them on her; and he went into the city.

Gift and departureκαὶ
The gift of barley (ἓξ κριθῶν, 'six [measures] of barley' — the unit unstated in LXX; MT: six seahs) is simultaneously a gift for Naomi and a token of Boaz's serious intent. The final clause 'he went into the city' (εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πόλιν) is a textual crux: LXX reads αὐτός ('he,' i.e. Boaz), while the MT is ambiguous and many versions read 'she' (Ruth). Both readings are defensible.
Word-by-word analysis· 28 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (narrative, subject = Boaz)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ΦέρεbringPres Act Imper 2 Sg · φέρωimperative (directive)→ progressive present imperativeφέρω: 'bring, carry'; Boaz directs Ruth to present her shawl as a container.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
περίζωμαshawl / sash / wrapperAccusativedirect object of Φέρε→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.περίζωμα: 'girdle, wrapper, shawl'; renders Hebrew הַמִּטְפַּחַת ('shawl, veil'); the same garment used as a sack to carry the grain. The same root as in vv.3, 9 (στολή) but a different term.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (with attributive participle phrase: τὸ ἐπί σοι)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἐπίonpreposition + dative (location: 'on you')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐπί: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
σοιyouDativeobject of ἐπί (the shawl she is wearing)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σοι: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
κράτειholdPres Act Imper 2 Sg · κρατέωcoordinated imperative→ progressive present imperative (maintain the grip)κρατέω: 'hold, grasp, keep'; Ruth is to hold the shawl open to receive the grain.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτό: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative, now Ruth acts)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐκράτησενshe heldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · κρατέωmain verb (subject = Ruth, immediate compliance)→ constative aoristκρατέω: Ruth's instant obedience mirrors her pattern of the whole chapter.
αὐτόitAccusativedirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτό: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (Boaz now acts)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐμέτρησενhe measured outAor Act Indic 3 Sg · μετρέωmain verb (subject = Boaz)→ constative aoristμετρέω: 'measure'; the gift is measured, not approximate — a legal and generous act.
ἓξsixcardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἕξ: 'six'; the unit of measure is unspecified in the LXX (MT says 'six seahs' — a very large amount, perhaps symbolically perfect/complete); ἓξ alone = 'six measures.'
κριθῶνof barleyGenitivepartitive genitive (with the numeral ἓξ: 'six of barley')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κριθή: 'barley'; the same grain of the harvest (cf. v.2); Boaz sends Ruth with a token of betrothal-intent.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἐπέθηκενhe placed / putAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτίθημιmain verb→ constative aoristἐπιτίθημι: 'place upon, load'; Boaz loads the grain onto Ruth.
ἐπ᾽on / uponpreposition + accusative (placing upon)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐπ᾽: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
αὐτήνherAccusativeobject of ἐπί (placed on Ruth / on her shawl)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτήν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἰσῆλθενhe / she went inAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιmain verb (subject ambiguous: see note)→ constative aoristεἰσέρχομαι: 'go into, enter'; textual crux: Rahlfs prints no explicit subject, but the preceding αὐτός (found in some manuscripts) points to Boaz; other witnesses and translations (including the Vulgate 'et reversa est in civitatem') make Ruth the subject. Most modern commentators prefer Ruth as subject (she goes to report to Naomi), but the LXX text as printed implies Boaz.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.εἰς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πόλινcityAccusativeobject of εἰς→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πόλις: 'city'; Bethlehem. Whoever goes in returns to the city where the legal process of chapter 4 must unfold.
16

καὶ ἦλθεν πρὸς τὴν πενθερὰν αὐτῆς, ἡ δὲ εἶπεν· Τίς εἶ, θύγατερ; καὶ ἀνήγγειλεν αὐτῇ πάντα, ὅσα ἐποίησεν αὐτῇ ὁ ἀνήρ.

And she came to her mother-in-law, and she said: 'Who are you, daughter?' And she reported to her all that the man had done for her.

Report / dialogueκαὶ
Ruth returns to Naomi, who greets her with Τίς εἶ — 'who are you?' — the same phrase Boaz used in v.9. Here it may mean 'how did things turn out?' (a Hebrew idiom מִי אַתְּ can carry this sense). Ruth's full report (πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν) frames the exchange as accountability.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (narrative)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἦλθενshe cameAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (subject = Ruth)→ constative aoristἔρχομαι: Ruth's return to Naomi opens the chapter's final movement.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction toward person)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρὸς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πενθερὰνmother-in-lawAccusativeobject of preposition πρός→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πενθερά: recurring title for Naomi in this chapter.
αὐτῆςherGenitivegenitive of relationship→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῆς: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
sheNominativearticle (with δέ: change of speaker indicator ἡ δέ)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἡ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
δὲand / thenpostpositive particle (ἡ δέ = 'and she [Naomi]')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δὲ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (subject = Naomi via ἡ δέ)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
ΤίςWhoNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate nominative in identity question)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τίς: 'who?'; the same question Boaz asked (v.9). In context it may mean 'how did things go?' — a Hebrew idiom (מִי אַתְּ = 'who are you?' used idiomatically for 'how did you fare?').
εἶarePres Act Indic 2 Sg · εἰμίcopulative verb→ stative presentεἰμί: 'be'; the copula of the predicate-adjective construction; though present in form, it carries the past sense of Saul's former lowliness.
θύγατερdaughterVocativevocative (address)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.θυγάτηρ: Naomi's affectionate address, mirroring her opening θύγατερ (v.1).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἀνήγγειλενshe reported / toldAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀναγγέλλωmain verb (subject = Ruth)→ constative aoristἀναγγέλλω: 'report, announce, bring news'; renders Hebrew וַתַּגֶּד. Ruth gives a complete account.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πάνταall things / everythingAccusativedirect object (fronted: comprehensive report)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πᾶς: 'all'; πάντα ὅσα resumes the formula of vv.5, 6, 11.
ὅσαas many things asAccusativecorrelative relative pronoun→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅσος: correlative with πάντα.
ἐποίησενhad doneAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ποιέωrelative clause verb→ constative aoristποιέω: 'do'; the ποιέω root has bound the chapter from Ruth's πάντα ... ποιήσω (v.5) to Boaz's πάντα ... ποιήσω (v.11) and now to Ruth's report of πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν (v.16).
αὐτῇfor her / to herDativedative of advantage (Boaz acted for Ruth's benefit)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
theNominativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὁ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἀνήρmanNominativesubject of ἐποίησεν→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀνήρ: 'man'; Boaz is again called 'the man' in Ruth's report to Naomi — matching the anonymous reference of vv.3, 8.
17

καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῇ· Τὰ ἓξ τῶν κριθῶν ταῦτα ἔδωκέν μοι, ὅτι εἶπεν πρός με· Μὴ εἰσέλθῃς κενὴ πρὸς τὴν πενθεράν σου.

And she said to her: 'These six measures of barley he gave me, for he said to me: Do not go to your mother-in-law empty-handed.'

Report (continued) / Boaz's cited wordsκαὶ
Ruth adds the specific detail of the gift and quotes Boaz's stated reason. The word κενή ('empty') picks up the language of destitution from 1:21 (Naomi: 'I went away full and the Lord has brought me back empty'); the gift is a reversal of that emptiness.
Word-by-word analysis· 21 words
καὶandcoordinating conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.καὶ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἶπενshe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (subject = Ruth, continuation of report)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
αὐτῇto herDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.αὐτῇ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ΤὰtheseAccusativearticle (with ταῦτα: demonstrative force)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Τὰ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἓξsixcardinal numeral (indeclinable)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἕξ: 'six'; the grain visibly demonstrates the outcome of the night.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle (with partitive genitive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τῶν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
κριθῶνbarleyGenitivepartitive genitive (six of the barley)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κριθή: 'barley'; the physical evidence Ruth carries.
ταῦταtheseAccusativedemonstrative pronoun (direct object, pointing to the grain)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.οὗτος: 'this/these'; the demonstrative emphasizes the tangible gift Ruth is presenting.
ἔδωκένhe gaveAor Act Indic 3 Sg · δίδωμιmain verb→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; Boaz is the implicit subject.
μοιto meDativedative indirect object→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μοι: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ὅτιfor / becausesubordinating conjunction (causal: ground for the gift)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὅτι: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἶπενhe saidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb of causal clause (introducing direct speech)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
πρόςtopreposition + accusative (direction of speech)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρός: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
μεmeAccusativeobject of πρός (addressee of speech)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.με: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
Μὴnotnegative particle (prohibition with subjunctive)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.Μὴ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἰσέλθῃςgo / enterAor Act Subj 2 Sg · εἰσέρχομαιverb of prohibition (μή + aorist subjunctive)→ constative aorist subjunctive (prohibitive)εἰσέρχομαι: 'go into, enter'; the prohibition is quoted verbatim from Boaz to Ruth.
κενὴempty / empty-handedNominativepredicate adjective (in agreement with subject σύ implied)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.κενός: 'empty, without content'; renders Hebrew רֵיקָם. This word echoes Naomi's lament at 1:21 (LXX: κενήν με ἀπέστρεψεν κύριος, 'the Lord has returned me empty'); Boaz's gift reverses the emptiness.
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction: going to a person)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρὸς: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὴν: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πενθεράνmother-in-lawAccusativeobject of πρός→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πενθερά: 'mother-in-law'; the chapter's last reference to Naomi by this title, within Boaz's quoted instruction.
σουyourGenitivegenitive of relationship→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σου: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
18

ἡ δὲ εἶπεν· Κάθου, θύγατερ, ἕως τοῦ γνῶναί σε πῶς πεσεῖται τὸ πρᾶγμα· οὐ γὰρ ἀναπαύσεται ὁ ἀνήρ, ἐὰν μὴ τελέσῃ τὸ ῥῆμα σήμερον.

And she said: 'Sit still, daughter, until you know how the matter will fall; for the man will not rest unless he has settled the matter today.'

Closing counsel / confident expectationἡ δέ
Naomi's final speech closes the chapter with a counsel of patient expectation. The verb πεσεῖται ('will fall' = 'will turn out') is an idiom; the action has been set in motion and its outcome is now in Boaz's hands. Naomi's confident assertion that Boaz will not rest (οὐ ἀναπαύσεται) forms an ironic echo of her opening search for Ruth's ἀνάπαυσιν (v.1): the agent of Ruth's rest will himself not rest until the task is done.
Word-by-word analysis· 24 words
sheNominativearticle (ἡ δέ: change of speaker marker, subject = Naomi)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἡ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
δὲthen / andpostpositive particle (ἡ δέ idiom)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.δὲ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
εἶπενsaidAor Act Indic 3 Sg · λέγωmain verb (subject = Naomi)→ constative aoristεἶπεν: verbal form rendered 'said' here; its aspect and clause role are specified by the parse and syntax fields.
Κάθουsit / waitPres Mid Imper 2 Sg · κάθημαιimperative (directive: 'sit still, wait')→ progressive present imperative (ongoing state: remain seated)κάθημαι: 'sit, remain'; renders Hebrew שְׁבִי ('sit, dwell'). Naomi counsels passive patience — the matter is now in the hands of Boaz.
θύγατερdaughterVocativevocative (address; final use of this term in the chapter)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.θυγάτηρ: the chapter opened with this address (v.1) and closes with it — a structural frame.
ἕωςuntilsubordinating conjunction (temporal limit)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἕως: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (ἕως τοῦ + inf. = 'until')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τοῦ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
γνῶναίto knowAor Act Infin · γινώσκωarticular infinitive (temporal: 'until you know')→ constative aorist infinitiveγινώσκω: 'know, learn'; the knowing is future — the outcome is not yet settled.
σεyouAccusativeaccusative subject of infinitive→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σε: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πῶςhowindirect interrogative adverb (introducing indirect question)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πῶς: 'how'; introduces the indirect question embedded in the knowing.
πεσεῖταιwill fall out / will turn outFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · πίπτωmain verb of indirect question→ predictive futureπίπτω: 'fall'; πῶς πεσεῖται τὸ πρᾶγμα = 'how the matter will fall (out)'; an idiomatic expression for 'how things will turn out,' rendering Hebrew אֵיךְ יִפֹּל דָּבָר.
τὸtheNominativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
πρᾶγμαmatter / thing / affairNominativesubject of πεσεῖται→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.πρᾶγμα: 'matter, affair, deed'; renders Hebrew דָּבָר ('word, matter'). The 'matter' is the ἀγχιστεία negotiation that must be settled in chapter 4.
οὐnotnegative particle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.οὐ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
γὰρforpostpositive explanatory conjunction→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.γὰρ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
ἀναπαύσεταιwill restFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀναπαύωmain verb (predictive future; subject = Boaz)→ predictive future (confident assertion)ἀναπαύω: 'rest, cease'; middle = 'give oneself rest.' The same root as ἀνάπαυσιν in v.1 — Naomi sought Ruth's rest; now she predicts that Boaz will not give himself rest until he has secured it. A deliberate verbal echo binding the chapter's frame.
theNominativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ὁ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ἀνήρmanNominativesubject of ἀναπαύσεται→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἀνήρ: 'man'; Boaz; the final use of this epithet for him in the chapter (vv.3, 8, 16, 18).
ἐὰνunless / if notconditional conjunction (with μή: negative condition = 'unless')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ἐὰν: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
μὴnotnegative particle (with ἐάν: 'unless')→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.μὴ: function word shaping the local clause or phrase relation in this oracle.
τελέσῃhe has completed / settledAor Act Subj 3 Sg · τελέωverb of conditional clause (ἐὰν μή + subjunctive = 'unless')→ constative aorist subjunctive (conditional)τελέω: 'complete, finish, accomplish'; renders Hebrew כִּי אִם כִּלָּה ('unless he has finished/settled'). The word implies the legal process of chapter 4 must be resolved.
τὸtheAccusativearticle→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.τὸ: lexical item interpreted according to its local syntactic role in this chapter.
ῥῆμαword / matterAccusativedirect object of τελέσῃ→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.ῥῆμα: 'word, matter, thing'; a near-synonym of πρᾶγμα (v.18a); renders Hebrew דָּבָר again. The 'matter/word' to be settled is the redemption that unlocks Ruth's future.
σήμερονtodayadverb of time (emphasizing urgency)→ At the threshing floor Naomi's motherly strategy and Ruth's bold, legally-grounded petition converge into the chapter's hinge act: Ruth asks Boaz to spread his *wing* (πτερύγιον) over her — simultaneously claiming the shelter his earlier prayer invoked (2:12) and invoking the law of kinsman-redemption (ἀγχιστεία) — to which Boaz responds with a blessing, an honest disclosure of a nearer claimant, and a sworn commitment to redeem her himself if that man declines, leaving the resolution poised to fall with the dawn.σήμερον: 'today'; Naomi's confident expectation of Boaz's immediate action. The chapter ends with a forward thrust: today will settle everything.